EP1057224A1 - Dual-polarized dipole antenna - Google Patents
Dual-polarized dipole antennaInfo
- Publication number
- EP1057224A1 EP1057224A1 EP99962260A EP99962260A EP1057224A1 EP 1057224 A1 EP1057224 A1 EP 1057224A1 EP 99962260 A EP99962260 A EP 99962260A EP 99962260 A EP99962260 A EP 99962260A EP 1057224 A1 EP1057224 A1 EP 1057224A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- dipole
- halves
- radiator arrangement
- arrangement according
- dipoles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
- H01Q21/26—Turnstile or like antennas comprising arrangements of three or more elongated elements disposed radially and symmetrically in a horizontal plane about a common centre
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/062—Two dimensional planar arrays using dipole aerials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/108—Combination of a dipole with a plane reflecting surface
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
- H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
Definitions
- the invention relates to a dual polarized dipole beam according to the preamble of claim 1.
- two orthogonal polarizations can be emitted or received by means of dual-polarized antennas. If the two systems are connected appropriately, they can also be used to emit or receive any other combination of linear orthogonal polarizations, such as a circular polarization.
- Dual-polarized antennas usually have dipole radiators, patch radiators or slot radiators as primary radiators.
- the structures used are essentially the dipole square, consisting of four individual dipoles, and a cross-dipole arrangement.
- radiators mentioned can be used both horizontally and can also be operated vertically and with a polarization orientation at an angle of + 45 °.
- dual-polarized antennas can practically only be realized using dipole squares and / or using very wide reflectors. This involves a not inconsiderable amount of wiring. For example, four cables must be used to feed the dipoles.
- the large antenna dimensions are also disadvantageous, in particular due to the wide reflectors required.
- the dual-polarized dipole emitters according to the invention have a simpler structure than conventional solutions, so that the dipole emitters according to the invention can be manufactured more economically.
- the dual-polarized dipole emitters according to the invention act like a cross dipole in electrical terms, in mechanical design terms in contrast, they are more like a dipole square.
- the spatially constructive side of the antenna module which more closely resembles a dipole square, results in an X-polarized antenna module in electrical and horizontal directions when the dipole components are aligned horizontally and vertically, in other words an antenna that radiates in ⁇ 45 ° in electrical terms.
- the antenna is to transmit or receive polarized polarization in the horizontal and / or vertical direction, that is, in electrical terms, the alignment of the cross dipole with its electrical dipole axes is in the horizontal and vertical directions, this would have to be a module similar to a dipole square in terms of construction individual dipole components in the + 45 ° direction.
- each of the four dipoles is fed by a symmetrical line, and the orthogonally adjacent dipole halves of two adjacent dipoles are excited in phase by the special type of interconnection.
- These symmetrical or at least substantially or approximately symmetrical feed lines consist of two line halves which, when considered individually, represent an asymmetrical line with respect to a fictitious zero potential.
- the interconnection of the asymmetrical line halves takes place according to the invention in such a way that the two halves are adjacent and orthogonal to each other aligned dipole halves leading two line halves are electrically connected.
- the resulting total radiator is fed in crosswise.
- the respectively mentioned two connected line halves of two perpendicular dipole halves are cross-connected to the two line halves of the diametrically opposed adjacent and orthogonally opposed dipole halves each electrically connected, preferably crosswise.
- the overall radiator thus acts more like a cross dipole, with the special design of the lines going out from the center not or only insignificantly.
- the neighboring dipole halves, which are orthogonally adjacent to one another and which are excited in phase can be regarded as part of a resulting cross dipole.
- the radiator constructed according to the invention is also referred to as the resulting cross dipole. It is now completely surprising that broadband high decoupling between the feed points in the first polarization and in the second, orthogonal polarization, is achieved.
- the symmetrical feed lines mentioned, which are connected to the respective dipole halves, are preferably constructed symmetrically, since, as mentioned, the associated line halves are arranged asymmetrically to one another and fed in phase opposition to a zero potential, the preferred symmetrical line arrangement results.
- the invention Advantages are of course still achieved if the symmetrical feed line is not 100% symmetrical, but differs therefrom, the degree of decoupling decreasing with increasing deviation from the symmetrical structure of the feed lines.
- the respective line half of the symmetrical feed line leading to the dipole is designed as a mechanical holder for the dipole half and this is preferably located or ends at the same distance above the reflector in which the dipole itself is attached above the reflector.
- this line can also be understood as part of the resulting cross dipole, but due to the opposite-phase currents on the line halves, it does not or only radiates with it. This results in the desired cancellation of the radiation effect and thus better bundling of the dipoles. It is therefore completely surprising that the corresponding cross connection in the feed point on the one hand results in a radiation of the polarization lying in a + 45 ° plane and on the other hand broadband high decoupling is achieved.
- the symmetrical feed lines are preferably arranged with their two asymmetrical line halves in such a way that when viewed from the top of a radiator arrangement, these start from an approximately central symmetry and to the two connection points of two dipole halves lying axially in relation to one another to lead.
- these feed lines can also be arranged in a completely different way.
- the holding device for the dipole halves can be made completely separate from the line halves connected to the dipole halves.
- the two half-dipole components which are perpendicular to one another are usually arranged in such a way that their free ends each point to a common point of intersection which forms the corner points of a square.
- the components of the dipole halves need not be structurally connected here, but can.
- the components can be metallic or can be connected by using insulators that are located in the corner points of the square mentioned.
- FIG. 1 a schematic top view of a dipole square according to the prior art
- FIG. 2 a schematic plan view of an dual polarized dipole radiation according to the invention with an electrical angle of ⁇ 45 ° polarization;
- Figure 3 is a perspective view of a more specifically shown embodiment of a dipole emitter according to the invention.
- FIG. 4 a schematic side view of the dual-polarized dipole radiator according to the invention.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic plan view of an antenna array with a plurality of dual-polarized dipole radiators corresponding to FIGS. 1 and 2.
- FIG. 1 In which such a dual-polarized dipole radiator 1 is shown in the form of a dipole square.
- the dipole radiator 1 known from the prior art according to FIG. 1 is constructed in such a way that its dipoles 3 can receive or radiate linear polarizations with an angle of + 45 ° and -45 ° with respect to the vertical or horizontal.
- Such antenna or antenna arrays are also referred to as X-polarized antennas or antenna arrays.
- first dipoles 3 "in a -45 ° orientation and second dipoles 3 'in a + 45 ° orientation are provided, offset from the axial center 5 of the antenna arrangement.
- FIG. 1 it is indicated schematically that in each case the two opposite dipoles 3 'and 3 "are combined to form a double dipole.
- a total of four connecting lines 7 are therefore necessary in order to supply the two polarizations from the center 5, ie from the feed-in or interconnection points 5 ′ or 5 ′′ located in the region of the center 5.
- FIGS. 1-10 A first exemplary embodiment according to the invention for a dual-polarized dipole radiator is now shown with reference to FIGS.
- the dipole radiator shown in FIG. 2 acts - as will be discussed in detail below - like a dipole radiating with a polarization of + 45 °, that is to say, for example, like a cross dipole.
- the radiator, which acts as a cross dipole 3 in electrical terms, is shown in broken lines in FIG.
- This radiator which acts in electrical terms as a cross dipole 3 and has a + 45 ° orientation with respect to the horizontal, is replaced by an electrical dipole 3 '(inclined in the + 45 ° direction) and a dipole 3 "perpendicular thereto (with -45 ° with respect to the horizontal)
- Each of the two dipoles 3 'and 3 "formed in electrical terms comprises the associated dipole halves 3'a and 3'b for the dipole 3' and the dipole halves 3" a and 3 "b for the dipole 3 ".
- the electrically resulting dipole half 3'a is formed by two perpendicular half-dipole components 114b and lilac.
- the half-dipole components 114b, lilac end at a distance from one another with their ends running at right angles
- they could also be connected there, both by an electrically conductive, metallic connection, and by inserting an electrically non-conductive element or insulator, in order to ensure, for example, greater mechanical stability, which can also be at the ends of the dipole halves still be provided with bends.
- next dipole half 3 "b in the clockwise direction of the electrical dipole 3 which is provided with an electrical orientation of -45 °, is formed by the two half dipole components 111b and 112a.
- the second dipole half 3'b formed in extension to the dipole half 3'a is formed in an analogous manner by the two half dipole components 112b, 113a and the fourth dipole half 3 "a by the two half dipole components 113b, 114a.
- the semi-dipole components arranged as a dipole square are now fed through a symmetrical feed line 115, 116, 117 and 118, respectively.
- the two half-dipole components 114b and lilac that is to say the neighboring half-dipole components which are oriented orthogonally to one another, become in phase via a common feed point, here the feed point 15 ' excited.
- the connecting lines belonging to these half-dipole components 114b, lilac each consist of two line halves 118b and 115a, which, viewed individually, represent an asymmetrical line with respect to a fictitious zero potential 20.
- the next two half dipole components 111b and 112a are electrically connected to their common feed point 5 "via line halves 115b and 116a, etc.
- the associated symmetrical feed line is designed at the same time in such a way that it mechanically fixes
- the dipole, ie the semi-dipole component carries, for example, the unbalanced line half 115a of the symmetrical line 115a, the dipole half purple and the second line half 115b, which is preferably electrically separated from line half 115a, carries the second dipole half 111b So each of the two associated asymmetrical line halves belonging to a symmetrical line 115 to 118 each carry the two dipole halves of a dipole 111 to 114 arranged in axial extension to one another.
- the basic structure in plan view of the radiator arrangement according to FIG. 2 shows that the radiator module has a fourfold symmetry in plan view.
- Two axes of symmetry standing at right angles to each other are formed by the symmetrical lines 115 and 117 or 112 and 118, the third and fourth axes of symmetry being rotated by 45 ° in a plan view of the emitter arrangement according to FIG. 2 and by the dipoles 3 'resulting in electrical terms and 3 "are formed.
- FIG. 3 also shows, at the feed-in and interconnection point 5 ', one part of the symmetry 21 and, at a slight distance opposite the center 5, the other part of the symmetry 21a, which on the one hand serves to mechanically attach the dipole structure to the reflector plate and on the other hand enables the transition to unbalanced feed lines (e.g. coaxial lines) at the interconnection point.
- unbalanced feed lines e.g. coaxial lines
- the last-mentioned circuit bridges 121 and 122 are arranged at a vertical distance from one another, ie they are not electrically connected to one another.
- the pin-shaped bridge 122 is mechanically firmly attached to the rear of the symmetry 22 in FIG. 3 and is electrically connected there to the symmetry 22, whereas the opposite free end of this pin-shaped bridge is connected by a corresponding one larger bore protrudes through the front half of the symmetry 22a without being electrically connected to this symmetry 22a.
- the second part of the bridge 121 is also constructed accordingly, ie mechanically attached with its rear end to the symmetry 21 and electrically connected to it, whereas the opposite free end through a larger bore without electrical contact via the one on the right in FIG. 3 symmetry 21a at the front survives.
- the second coaxial cable coming from below can be laid, for example, parallel to the balancing, the outer conductor electrically connected to the balancing, and the inner conductor connected to the free end of the pin-shaped bridge 121.
- connection options are also possible, for example in such a way that an inner conductor is routed from bottom to top between the respective symmetrizations and then electrically connected at a suitable point at the upper end of an assigned symmetrization in order to to enable symmetrical feed.
- the outer conductor can be carried along over a part of this distance or can be electrically connected to the opposite half of the symmetry at a lower level.
- the possible implementations of the feed are only explained as examples.
- the mentioned electrical cable halves 115a to 118b are each arranged in pairs symmetrically to one another, ie the adjacent electrical line halves of two adjacent half-dipole components run parallel to each other at a comparatively small distance, this distance preferably corresponding to the distance 55 between the ends of the associated dipole halves to be facing one another, that is to say, for example, the distance between the ends of the dipole halves to be facing each other purple , 111b etc.
- the line halves can run parallel to a rear reflector plate in the plane of the semi-dipole components. In deviation from this, in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS.
- the line halves also representing the holder device for the half-dipole components are mounted in a slightly sloping manner starting from their assigned symmetry and end at the level of the half-dipole components that end can be arranged parallel to a rear reflector plate 33.
- This is related to the wave range of the electromagnetic waves to be transmitted or received, since the height of the symmetry above the reflector plate 33 should correspond to approximately ⁇ / 4 and, with regard to the radiation characteristic, it may be desirable that the dipoles and dipole halves are closer to the reflector plate 33 should be arranged.
- a dipole therefore always acts simultaneously for the + 45 ° and the -45 ° polarization, although, in deviation from the spatial geometric alignment of the individual half-dipole components in the horizontal and vertical directions, only through the combination tion of the radiator components, the resulting + 45 ° polarization or -45 ° polarization, in other words, the X-polarized cross-dipole radiator 3 shown in electrical terms in FIG. 2 results.
- the basis for the mode of operation is that the currents on the supply or connecting lines which are respectively adjacent and parallel to one another, ie for example on the electrical lines 115a with the current on the electrical line 115b and the current on the line 116a with that on the electrical line 116b etc.
- a corresponding antenna array can also be constructed with several dipole radiators 1 arranged one above the other, for example, in the vertical mounting direction, all of which, despite the horizontally and vertically oriented ones
- semi-dipole components describe an antenna polarized in + 45 ° or -45 °.
- the radiator arrangements shown in FIG. 5, with their associated symmetry, are each arranged on a reflector plate 33 which, in the mounting direction of the individual radiator modules, is provided on the opposite sides with electrically conductive edges 35 running perpendicular to the reflector plane.
- a reflector plate 33 which, in the mounting direction of the individual radiator modules, is provided on the opposite sides with electrically conductive edges 35 running perpendicular to the reflector plane.
- the support elements 115a to 118b for the dipole halves are designed completely differently in terms of construction and arranged differently, for example from the connection points 215a to 218b, starting from the center of the dipole halves or from the corner area each of the dipole halves, which are perpendicular to one another, run vertically or obliquely downward onto the reflector 33 and are mechanically anchored there.
- the reflector itself is designed as a printed circuit board, ie, for example, as the upper side of a printed circuit board on which the entire antenna arrangement is built.
- the corresponding feed can be carried out on the rear side of the printed circuit board, the electrical line halves starting from there running in a suitable way to the mentioned connection points 215a to 218b.
- connection points 215a to 218b the connection points 215a to 218b.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19860121 | 1998-12-23 | ||
DE19860121A DE19860121A1 (en) | 1998-12-23 | 1998-12-23 | Dual polarized dipole emitter |
PCT/EP1999/010017 WO2000039894A1 (en) | 1998-12-23 | 1999-12-16 | Dual-polarized dipole antenna |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1057224A1 true EP1057224A1 (en) | 2000-12-06 |
EP1057224B1 EP1057224B1 (en) | 2003-10-22 |
Family
ID=7892703
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99962260A Revoked EP1057224B1 (en) | 1998-12-23 | 1999-12-16 | Dual-polarized dipole antenna |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6313809B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1057224B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3853596B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100562967B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1231999C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE252771T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU755256B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9908179A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2322029C (en) |
DE (2) | DE19860121A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2207313T3 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1035441A1 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ506123A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000039894A1 (en) |
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- 1999-12-16 NZ NZ506123A patent/NZ506123A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 1999-12-16 JP JP2000591697A patent/JP3853596B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US7358924B2 (en) | 2005-10-07 | 2008-04-15 | Kathrein-Werke Kg | Feed network, and/or antenna having at least one antenna element and a feed network |
CN102544764A (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2012-07-04 | 京信通信***(中国)有限公司 | Broadband dual-polarization antenna and radiating unit thereof |
CN111987416A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-11-24 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Terminal equipment |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP3853596B2 (en) | 2006-12-06 |
DE19860121A1 (en) | 2000-07-13 |
BR9908179A (en) | 2000-10-24 |
CN1291365A (en) | 2001-04-11 |
AU755256B2 (en) | 2002-12-05 |
DE59907449D1 (en) | 2003-11-27 |
AU1864700A (en) | 2000-07-31 |
CA2322029C (en) | 2003-07-08 |
ES2207313T3 (en) | 2004-05-16 |
KR100562967B1 (en) | 2006-03-23 |
NZ506123A (en) | 2003-08-29 |
WO2000039894A1 (en) | 2000-07-06 |
EP1057224B1 (en) | 2003-10-22 |
CA2322029A1 (en) | 2000-07-06 |
US6313809B1 (en) | 2001-11-06 |
ATE252771T1 (en) | 2003-11-15 |
KR20010040623A (en) | 2001-05-15 |
JP2002534826A (en) | 2002-10-15 |
CN1231999C (en) | 2005-12-14 |
HK1035441A1 (en) | 2001-11-23 |
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