EP1056104B1 - High-speed control device for a high voltage connection apparatus, in particular a grounding disconnector - Google Patents

High-speed control device for a high voltage connection apparatus, in particular a grounding disconnector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1056104B1
EP1056104B1 EP00401498A EP00401498A EP1056104B1 EP 1056104 B1 EP1056104 B1 EP 1056104B1 EP 00401498 A EP00401498 A EP 00401498A EP 00401498 A EP00401498 A EP 00401498A EP 1056104 B1 EP1056104 B1 EP 1056104B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spring
link
mobile contact
protuberances
occupies
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00401498A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1056104A1 (en
Inventor
Carmelo Gimeno
Max Hauri
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Grid Solutions SAS
Original Assignee
Areva T&D SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP1056104A1 publication Critical patent/EP1056104A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1056104B1 publication Critical patent/EP1056104B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/60—Mechanical arrangements for preventing or damping vibration or shock
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/30—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using spring motor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/32—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts
    • H01H3/36—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts using belt, chain, or cord
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/60—Mechanical arrangements for preventing or damping vibration or shock
    • H01H3/605—Mechanical arrangements for preventing or damping vibration or shock making use of a fluid damper

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a rapid control device for a high-voltage connection apparatus, in particular an earthing switch, equipped with a movable contact comprising a mechanical energy storage spring, an arming mechanism of this spring comprising an electric motor arranged to drive at least one rotating part arranged to occupy two stable positions respectively corresponding to the armed spring and the disarmed spring, this cocking mechanism being provided with a rod coupled to a control mechanism of a movable contact, this connecting rod being associated with a brake damping device acting as a stop for said link in the positions it occupies when said rotating part occupies said two stable positions.
  • a device of this type is known from the French patent application published under the number 2,766,961.
  • a single damper consisting for example of a rubber abutment housed in a cylindrical sleeve and rigidly mounted in the housing of the device , cooperates with a rod coupled to the control mechanism of a movable contact to stop this rod in its two stable positions and to damp the shocks resulting therefrom.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art by providing a device for which the damping of the connecting rod coupled to the control mechanism of the movable contact is effected efficiently and economically satisfactory.
  • said damping brake device comprises at least one hydraulic damper mounted on a fixed support integral with the device housing by means of a spring member.
  • This spring member has the function of contributing to the damping of the shocks received at the abutment of said rod.
  • said spring member comprises at least one stack of Belleville washers.
  • Such a known spring member is particularly robust while being economical.
  • said brake damper device comprises two hydraulic dampers arranged in parallel and arranged to operate respectively as an abutment for said link when it occupies its positions corresponding to the two stable positions of said rotating part.
  • This type of standard commercial shock absorbers is particularly economical and resistant, which corresponds to the required requirements.
  • said mechanism for actuating a movable contact comprises a pivoting lever articulated on said link, this pivoting lever being integral with a control pin of said movable contact and carrying two bearing protuberances arranged to cooperate. respectively with two piston rods of the two hydraulic dampers.
  • Said protuberances are preferably arranged on an arm secured to the control shaft of said movable contact.
  • said arm carrying said protuberances is advantageously mounted symmetrically with respect to the control axis of said movable contact.
  • the rapid control device 10 for a high-voltage connection device and in particular for an earthing switch, equipped with a movable contact, as shown, comprises a spring 11 mechanical energy accumulation, an arming mechanism 12 of this spring comprising an electric motor arranged to drive at least one rotating part 13 arranged to occupy two stable positions respectively corresponding to the armed spring and the disarmed spring, this mechanism of armament 12 being provided with a rod 14 coupled to an actuating mechanism 15 of a movable contact.
  • the rod 14 is associated with a brake damper device 16 acting as a stop for said rod in the positions it occupies when said rotating part 13 occupies said two stable positions.
  • the brake damper device 16 comprises at least one hydraulic damper 17, respectively 18, mounted on a fixed support integral with the device housing via a spring member 19, respectively 20.
  • the spring 11 housed in a cylindrical sleeve 11a, the movable bottom 11b coupled to a chain 11c connected by a rod 11d to a part 12a which is articulated on said rotating part 13, is described in detail, as well as all the associated components, in the publication mentioned above and illustrating the prior art.
  • the actuating mechanism 15, associated with the rod 14, comprises a lever 15a which is pivotally mounted on the control shaft 15b of said movable contact (not shown). This lever is articulated at a point 15c on the rod 14. It further comprises an arm 15d, integral with this lever or rigidly fixed on the control shaft 15b, this arm being mounted symmetrically with respect to the axis 15b and bearing at its ends two bearing protuberances 15e and 15f.
  • the bearing protuberances 15e and 15f are arranged to cooperate respectively with the piston rods of two hydraulic dampers 17 and 18 of the brake damping device16.
  • a hydraulic damper 17 or 18 of the brake damper device 16 is represented in FIG. 2. It comprises a threaded body 21 of cylindrical shape screwed into a cylindrical sleeve 22, surmounted by the spring member 20, consisting of a stack of washers of Beautiful city.
  • the cylindrical sleeve 22 is engaged in a bore 23 of a bracket 24 in the form of a bracket, secured to the housing of the device by a pin 25 or other suitable fastening means.
  • a nut 26 makes the threaded body 21 of the damper integral with the cylindrical sleeve 22.
  • a double nut 27 blocks the stack of Belleville washers against the bushing 22 and bears against the support 24.
  • a piston rod 28, outgoing axially of the body of the damper, is arranged to cooperate with the protuberance 15f.

Landscapes

  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)
  • Switches With Compound Operations (AREA)
  • Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Mechanisms For Operating Contacts (AREA)

Abstract

The fast acting earthing unit (10) has a spring (11) and armament mechanism (12) with electrical motor engaging a rotating section (13). The arming mechanism has a rod (14) coupled to an action mechanism (15). The rod has a damper mechanism (16) with hydraulic damper (17,18) mounted on the solid box support by a spring unit (19,20).

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de commande rapide pour un appareil de connexion à haute tension, notamment un sectionneur de terre, équipé d'un contact mobile comportant un ressort d'accumulation d'énergie mécanique, un mécanisme d'armement de ce ressort comprenant un moteur électrique agencé pour entraîner au moins une pièce rotative agencée pour occuper deux positions stables correspondant respectivement au ressort armé et au ressort désarmé, ce mécanisme d'armement étant pourvu d'une biellette couplée à un mécanisme de commande d'un contact mobile, cette biellette étant associée à un dispositif amortisseur frein agissant comme une butée pour ladite biellette dans les positions qu'elle occupe lorsque ladite pièce rotative occupe lesdites deux positions stables.The present invention relates to a rapid control device for a high-voltage connection apparatus, in particular an earthing switch, equipped with a movable contact comprising a mechanical energy storage spring, an arming mechanism of this spring comprising an electric motor arranged to drive at least one rotating part arranged to occupy two stable positions respectively corresponding to the armed spring and the disarmed spring, this cocking mechanism being provided with a rod coupled to a control mechanism of a movable contact, this connecting rod being associated with a brake damping device acting as a stop for said link in the positions it occupies when said rotating part occupies said two stable positions.

Un dispositif de ce type est connu par la demande de brevet français publiée sous le numéro 2 766 961. Sur ce dispositif un amortisseur unique, constitué par exemple d'une butée en caoutchouc logée dans une douille cylindrique et montée rigidement dans le boîtier du dispositif, coopère avec une biellette couplée au mécanisme de commande d'un contact mobile pour arrêter cette biellette dans ses deux positions stables et pour amortir les chocs qui en résultent.A device of this type is known from the French patent application published under the number 2,766,961. On this device a single damper, consisting for example of a rubber abutment housed in a cylindrical sleeve and rigidly mounted in the housing of the device , cooperates with a rod coupled to the control mechanism of a movable contact to stop this rod in its two stable positions and to damp the shocks resulting therefrom.

Ce dispositif ne donne pas entière satisfaction en ce qui concerne l'amortisseur qui subit des chocs violents en absorbant brutalement les décélérations de la biellette.This device is not entirely satisfactory with regard to the shock absorber which undergoes violent shocks by abruptly absorbing the decelerations of the link.

Le but de la présente invention est de pallier les inconvénients de l'art antérieur en réalisant un dispositif pour lequel l'amortissement de la biellette couplée au mécanisme de commande du contact mobile s'effectue de manière efficace et économiquement satisfaisante.The object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art by providing a device for which the damping of the connecting rod coupled to the control mechanism of the movable contact is effected efficiently and economically satisfactory.

Ce but est atteint par un dispositif tel que décrit en préambule, caractérisé en ce que ledit dispositif amortisseur frein comporte au moins un amortisseur hydraulique monté sur un support fixe solidaire du boîtier du dispositif par l'intermédiaire d'un organe ressort. Cet organe ressort a pour fonction de contribuer à l'amortissement des chocs encaissés lors de l'arrivée en butée de ladite biellette. De ce fait, la fixation de l'amortisseur proprement dit et la stabilité de son montage sur son support à l'intérieur du boîtier du dispositif sont rendus sûrs et fiables.This object is achieved by a device as described in the preamble, characterized in that said damping brake device comprises at least one hydraulic damper mounted on a fixed support integral with the device housing by means of a spring member. This spring member has the function of contributing to the damping of the shocks received at the abutment of said rod. As a result, the attachment of the shock absorber itself and the stability of its mounting on its support inside the housing of the device are made safe and reliable.

Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, ledit organe ressort comporte au moins un empilement de rondelles de Belleville. Un tel organe ressort connu est particulièrement robuste tout en étant économique.According to a preferred embodiment, said spring member comprises at least one stack of Belleville washers. Such a known spring member is particularly robust while being economical.

Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, ledit dispositif amortisseur frein comporte deux amortisseurs hydrauliques disposés parallèlement et agencés pour opérer respectivement comme butée pour ladite biellette lorsque celle-ci occupe ses positions correspondant aux deux positions stables de ladite pièce rotative. Ce type d'amortisseurs standards du commerce est particulièrement économique et résistant, ce qui correspond aux exigences requises.According to an advantageous embodiment, said brake damper device comprises two hydraulic dampers arranged in parallel and arranged to operate respectively as an abutment for said link when it occupies its positions corresponding to the two stable positions of said rotating part. This type of standard commercial shock absorbers is particularly economical and resistant, which corresponds to the required requirements.

Selon une forme de réalisation préférée, ledit mécanisme d'actionnement d'un contact mobile comporte un levier pivotant articulé sur ladite biellette, ce levier pivotant étant solidaire d'un axe de commande dudit contact mobile et portant deux protubérances d'appui agencées pour coopérer respectivement avec deux tiges de piston des deux amortisseurs hydrauliques.According to a preferred embodiment, said mechanism for actuating a movable contact comprises a pivoting lever articulated on said link, this pivoting lever being integral with a control pin of said movable contact and carrying two bearing protuberances arranged to cooperate. respectively with two piston rods of the two hydraulic dampers.

Lesdites protubérances sont de préférence disposées sur un bras solidaire de l'axe de commande dudit contact mobile.Said protuberances are preferably arranged on an arm secured to the control shaft of said movable contact.

De façon avantageuse, ledit bras portant lesdites protubérances est avantageusement monté symétriquement par rapport à l'axe de commande dudit contact mobile.Advantageously, said arm carrying said protuberances is advantageously mounted symmetrically with respect to the control axis of said movable contact.

La présente invention et ses avantages seront mieux compris en référence à la description d'une forme de réalisation préférée du dispositif selon l'invention et aux dessins annexés, donnés à titre d'exemple non limitatif, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe illustrant les principaux composants du dispositif selon l'invention, et
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe axiale d'un amortisseur monté dans le dispositif de l'invention.
The present invention and its advantages will be better understood with reference to the description of a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention and to the accompanying drawings, given by way of non-limiting example, in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view illustrating the main components of the device according to the invention, and
  • Figure 2 is an axial sectional view of a damper mounted in the device of the invention.

En référence aux figures, et plus particulièrement à la figure 1, le dispositif 10 de commande rapide pour appareil de connexion à haute tension, et notamment pour un sectionneur de terre, équipé d'un contact mobile, tel que représenté, comporte un ressort 11 d'accumulation d'énergie mécanique, un mécanisme d'armement 12 de ce ressort comprenant un moteur électrique agencé pour entraîner au moins une pièce rotative 13 agencée pour occuper deux positions stables correspondant respectivement au ressort armé et au ressort désarmé, ce mécanisme d'armement 12 étant pourvu d'une biellette 14 couplée à un mécanisme d'actionnement 15 d'un contact mobile. La biellette 14 est associée à un dispositif amortisseur frein 16 agissant comme une butée pour ladite biellette dans les positions qu'elle occupe lorsque ladite pièce rotative 13 occupe lesdites deux positions stables. Le dispositif amortisseur frein 16 comporte au moins un amortisseur hydraulique 17, respectivement 18, monté sur un support fixe solidaire du boîtier du dispositif par l'intermédiaire d'un organe ressort 19, respectivement 20.With reference to the figures, and more particularly to FIG. 1, the rapid control device 10 for a high-voltage connection device, and in particular for an earthing switch, equipped with a movable contact, as shown, comprises a spring 11 mechanical energy accumulation, an arming mechanism 12 of this spring comprising an electric motor arranged to drive at least one rotating part 13 arranged to occupy two stable positions respectively corresponding to the armed spring and the disarmed spring, this mechanism of armament 12 being provided with a rod 14 coupled to an actuating mechanism 15 of a movable contact. The rod 14 is associated with a brake damper device 16 acting as a stop for said rod in the positions it occupies when said rotating part 13 occupies said two stable positions. The brake damper device 16 comprises at least one hydraulic damper 17, respectively 18, mounted on a fixed support integral with the device housing via a spring member 19, respectively 20.

Le ressort 11 logé dans une douille cylindrique 11 a, dont le fond mobile 11b couplé à une chaîne 11c reliée par une tige 11d à une pièce 12a qui est articulée sur ladite pièce rotative 13, est décrite en détail, ainsi que tous les composants associés, dans la publication mentionnée ci-dessus et illustrant l'art antérieur.The spring 11 housed in a cylindrical sleeve 11a, the movable bottom 11b coupled to a chain 11c connected by a rod 11d to a part 12a which is articulated on said rotating part 13, is described in detail, as well as all the associated components, in the publication mentioned above and illustrating the prior art.

Le mécanisme d'actionnement 15, associé à la biellette 14, comporte un levier 15a qui est monté pivotant sur l'axe de commande 15b dudit contact mobile (non représenté). Ce levier est articulé en un point 15c sur la biellette 14. Il comporte par ailleurs un bras 15d, solidaire de ce levier ou rigidement fixé sur l'axe de commande 15b, ce bras étant monté symétriquement par rapport à l'axe 15b et portant à ses extrémités deux protubérances d'appui 15e et 15f. Les protubérances d'appui 15e et 15f sont agencées pour coopérer respectivement avec les tiges de piston de deux amortisseurs hydrauliques 17 et 18 du dispositif amortisseur frein16.The actuating mechanism 15, associated with the rod 14, comprises a lever 15a which is pivotally mounted on the control shaft 15b of said movable contact (not shown). This lever is articulated at a point 15c on the rod 14. It further comprises an arm 15d, integral with this lever or rigidly fixed on the control shaft 15b, this arm being mounted symmetrically with respect to the axis 15b and bearing at its ends two bearing protuberances 15e and 15f. The bearing protuberances 15e and 15f are arranged to cooperate respectively with the piston rods of two hydraulic dampers 17 and 18 of the brake damping device16.

Un amortisseur hydraulique 17 ou 18 du dispositif amortisseur frein 16 est représenté par la figure 2. Il comporte un corps fileté 21 de forme cylindrique vissé dans une douille cylindrique 22, surmonté par l'organe ressort 20, constitué d'un empilement de rondelles de Belleville. La douille cylindrique 22 est engagée dans un alésage 23 d'un support 24 en forme de potence, rendue solidaire du boîtier du dispositif par une goupille 25 ou tout autre moyen de fixation approprié. Un écrou 26 rend le corps fileté 21 de l'amortisseur solidaire de la douille cylindrique 22. Un double écrou 27 bloque l'empilement de rondelles de Belleville contre la douille 22 et en appui contre le support 24. Une tige de piston 28, sortant axialement du corps de l'amortisseur, est agencée pour coopérer avec la protubérance 15f.A hydraulic damper 17 or 18 of the brake damper device 16 is represented in FIG. 2. It comprises a threaded body 21 of cylindrical shape screwed into a cylindrical sleeve 22, surmounted by the spring member 20, consisting of a stack of washers of Beautiful city. The cylindrical sleeve 22 is engaged in a bore 23 of a bracket 24 in the form of a bracket, secured to the housing of the device by a pin 25 or other suitable fastening means. A nut 26 makes the threaded body 21 of the damper integral with the cylindrical sleeve 22. A double nut 27 blocks the stack of Belleville washers against the bushing 22 and bears against the support 24. A piston rod 28, outgoing axially of the body of the damper, is arranged to cooperate with the protuberance 15f.

Grâce à ce montage, les chocs dus à la mise en contact brutal des protubérances 15e et 15f avec les tiges de piston des amortisseurs hydrauliques 17 et 18, sont doublement amortis, une première fois par les rondelles de Belleville et une deuxième fois par les pistons des amortisseurs hydrauliques eux-mêmes.Thanks to this arrangement, the shocks due to the abrupt contacting of the protuberances 15e and 15f with the piston rods of the hydraulic dampers 17 and 18 are doubly damped, a first time by the Belleville washers and a second time by the pistons hydraulic dampers themselves.

Claims (6)

  1. Rapid control device (10) for a high voltage connection apparatus, particularly an earthing switch, equipped with a mobile contact having a mechanical energy accumulation spring (11), a mechanism (12) for arming said spring comprising an electric motor driving at least one rotary part (13) able to occupy two stable positions respectively corresponding to an armed spring and an unarmed spring, said arming mechanism being provided with a link (14) coupled to a mechanism (15) for actuating a mobile contact, said link being associated with a brake damper device (16) acting as an abutment for said link in the positions which it occupies when said rotary part occupies said two stable positions, characterized in that said brake damper device (16) has at least one hydraulic damper (17, 18) mounted on a fixed support integral with the casing of the device by means of a spring member (19, 20).
  2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said spring member (19, 20) incorporates at least one stack of cupped washers.
  3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said brake damper device (16) incorporates two hydraulic dampers (17, 18) arranged in parallel so as to respectively operate as an abutment for said link (14) when the latter occupies its positions corresponding to the two stable positions of said rotary part (13).
  4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that said mechanism (15) for actuating a mobile contact incorporates a pivoting lever (15a) articulated on said link (14), said pivoting lever being integral with a control pin (15b) of said mobile contact and carrying two bearing protuberances (15e and 15f) able to respectively cooperate with the piston rods (28) of the two hydraulic dampers (17, 18).
  5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that said protuberances (15e, 15f) are placed on an arm (15d) integral with the control pin (15b) of said mobile contact.
  6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that said arm (15d) carrying said protuberances (15e, 15f) is mounted symmetrically with respect to the control pin (15b) of said mobile contact.
EP00401498A 1999-05-28 2000-05-16 High-speed control device for a high voltage connection apparatus, in particular a grounding disconnector Expired - Lifetime EP1056104B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9907114A FR2794278B1 (en) 1999-05-28 1999-05-28 QUICK CONTROL DEVICE FOR A HIGH VOLTAGE CONNECTION APPARATUS, IN PARTICULAR AN EARTH ISOLATOR
FR9907114 1999-05-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1056104A1 EP1056104A1 (en) 2000-11-29
EP1056104B1 true EP1056104B1 (en) 2006-07-19

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EP00401498A Expired - Lifetime EP1056104B1 (en) 1999-05-28 2000-05-16 High-speed control device for a high voltage connection apparatus, in particular a grounding disconnector

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US6355898B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1056104B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2000353459A (en)
AT (1) ATE333704T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2309794A1 (en)
DE (1) DE60029386T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2794278B1 (en)

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FR2907596B1 (en) * 2006-10-18 2009-01-23 Areva T & D Sa DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING AN ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
DE102008032143A1 (en) * 2008-07-08 2010-01-14 Abb Technology Ag Hydraulic spring accumulator drive
US8058580B2 (en) * 2009-09-16 2011-11-15 Eaton Corporation Electrical switching apparatus and linking assembly therefor
KR200475886Y1 (en) 2010-12-29 2015-01-09 엘에스산전 주식회사 Spring housing unit of motor spring operator
CN102360983B (en) * 2011-09-30 2014-01-01 福州天一同益电气有限公司 Circuit breaker control device
KR101336337B1 (en) 2011-10-20 2013-12-06 원신이엔지(주) DC power short-circuit switch
CN103441016B (en) * 2013-08-30 2015-09-09 石家庄八五零电子有限公司 A kind of power type microswitch

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US4915354A (en) * 1989-04-10 1990-04-10 Colt Industries Inc. Cushioned valve seat
US5263694A (en) * 1992-02-24 1993-11-23 General Motors Corporation Upper mount assembly for a suspension damper
DE4446664C1 (en) * 1994-12-16 1996-03-07 Siemens Ag Spring drive for electric load switch
FR2766961B1 (en) * 1997-07-31 1999-09-24 Gec Alsthom T & D Ag QUICK CONTROL DEVICE FOR A HIGH VOLTAGE CONNECTION APPARATUS, IN PARTICULAR AN EARTH ISOLATOR

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6355898B1 (en) 2002-03-12
DE60029386T2 (en) 2007-07-12
CA2309794A1 (en) 2000-11-28
FR2794278A1 (en) 2000-12-01
DE60029386D1 (en) 2006-08-31
EP1056104A1 (en) 2000-11-29
ATE333704T1 (en) 2006-08-15
JP2000353459A (en) 2000-12-19
FR2794278B1 (en) 2001-08-10

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