EP1045984B1 - Systeme d'injection de carburant - Google Patents

Systeme d'injection de carburant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1045984B1
EP1045984B1 EP99941118A EP99941118A EP1045984B1 EP 1045984 B1 EP1045984 B1 EP 1045984B1 EP 99941118 A EP99941118 A EP 99941118A EP 99941118 A EP99941118 A EP 99941118A EP 1045984 B1 EP1045984 B1 EP 1045984B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
diaphragm
pressure
injection system
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99941118A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1045984A1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas R. Schaenzer
Charles Wilson Braun
Thaddeus Joseph Grey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Delphi Technologies Inc
Original Assignee
Delphi Technologies Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/136,090 external-priority patent/US6135092A/en
Application filed by Delphi Technologies Inc filed Critical Delphi Technologies Inc
Publication of EP1045984A1 publication Critical patent/EP1045984A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1045984B1 publication Critical patent/EP1045984B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/04—Means for damping vibrations or pressure fluctuations in injection pump inlets or outlets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/02—Conduits between injection pumps and injectors, e.g. conduits between pump and common-rail or conduits between common-rail and injectors
    • F02M55/025—Common rails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/46—Details, component parts or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus covered by groups F02M69/02 - F02M69/44
    • F02M69/462—Arrangement of fuel conduits, e.g. with valves for maintaining pressure in the pipes after the engine being shut-down
    • F02M69/465—Arrangement of fuel conduits, e.g. with valves for maintaining pressure in the pipes after the engine being shut-down of fuel rails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/46—Details, component parts or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus covered by groups F02M69/02 - F02M69/44
    • F02M69/54—Arrangement of fuel pressure regulators

Definitions

  • This invention relates to fuel injection systems for use with automotive vehicle engines and the like.
  • EP-A-0427977 discloses a high pressure fuel manifold body with an elongated compact internal cavity having at one end a central fuel inlet connector and surrounding fuel outlet connectors.
  • US-A-5447140 discloses a central injection system having multiple fuel injectors mounted in a fuel metering body and connected through flexible fuel lines with pressure pulse actuated poppet nozzles for spraying fuel into engine intake manifold runners or intake ports.
  • Neither document discloses providing flexible fuel lines connecting inlet port or runner mounted fuel injectors with a compact chamber of a fuel body that includes pulsation damping means for minimizing pressure variations in the chamber.
  • the present invention provides a simplified fuel injection system including a fuel body having a compact fuel chamber connected through individual flexible fuel tubes with separate fuel injectors mounted to the separate cylinder inlet passages of an engine.
  • the system may have an integral fuel pressure regulator or the regulator may be located separately, for example with the fuel pump in the vehicle fuel tank.
  • the pressure regulator may include a unitized diaphragm and valve assembly which may be dropped into a housing with a valve seat in the fuel body and enclosed by cover and spring means to form an integrated system.
  • the unitized assembly can also be used in other applications.
  • Pulsation damping if needed may be provided by a flexible wall of the fuel chamber.
  • the flexible wall may be the pressure regulator diaphragm or another resilient wall designed for the purpose.
  • Outlet connectors may optionally be equally spaced about a symmetrical wall of the fuel chamber to maintain uniform flow conditions if needed.
  • the system of the invention eliminates the common rail and significantly reduces the number of parts and the mass compared to a traditional fuel rail system.
  • the complexity caused in engine design by having to package around a rigid rail is avoided as the flexible tubes may be routed around any interfering components.
  • the fuel pump delivers a nearly constant pressure with virtually all the pressure drop occurring at the injectors and providing equal fuel delivery.
  • lower fuel pump pressures are required as compared to central injection systems which must provide constant pressure drop across the injectors and an additional pressure drop at the nozzle valves to avoid vapor formation in the tubes.
  • Central injection systems also need fuel tubes of equal length which are not required with the present system.
  • FIG. 10 generally indicates a first embodiment of fuel injection system according to the invention.
  • System 10 is intended for use in an automotive vehicle and may be installed within the interior of a conventional engine intake manifold or, if desired, on the exterior thereof.
  • Fuel injection system 10 includes a fuel body 12 which internally defines a compact fuel chamber 14 connected with an inlet connector 16.
  • Connector 16 is connected by a fuel line 18 with an external pressure fuel supply 20, for example a fuel pump located in the fuel tank of an associated vehicle, not shown.
  • the fuel body 12 may be provided with a cylindrical side wall 22 of circular cross section, although other forms of symmetrical or non-symmetrical side walls could be utilized if desired.
  • the inlet connector 16 communicates with the fuel chamber 14 through the side wall 22 wherein are provided a plurality of distribution ports 24.
  • Ports 24 are connected by connectors, not shown, with flexible fuel tubes 26 which connect between the fuel chamber 14 and a plurality of individual fuel injectors 28.
  • the system includes six equally spaced distribution ports 24, only two of which are shown, connecting with six fuel tubes 26 each of which connects with one of six fuel injectors 28, only three of which are shown.
  • the injectors 28 are preferably of the electrically actuated or solenoid type which include an electrically actuated injection valve directly feeding a spray nozzle not shown.
  • the injectors are preferably mounted on inlet passages of an associated intake manifold or cylinder head to directly feed the inlet ports of an associated engine not shown.
  • a fuel pressure regulator 30 is integrated with the fuel body 12.
  • the construction of the fuel pressure regulator 30 is best shown in FIG. 3.
  • the fuel chamber 14 includes an open upper end having a flange 32 with an annular recess 34 for receiving a unitized diaphragm and valve assembly generally indicated by numeral 36 and shown separately in FIG. 4.
  • Assembly 36 includes a pressure regulator diaphragm 38 having a circular outer periphery.
  • An inner retention member 40 includes a first flange 42 engaging the outer periphery of the diaphragm on the lower, or inner, side thereof.
  • An open ended tubular mounting portion 44 extends inwardly from the inner edge of flange 42 into engagement with the side wall 22 of the fuel chamber.
  • Tubular portion 44 engages an O-ring seal 46 received in a groove of the wall 22 for sealing the connection against the escape of fuel.
  • Angled projection means 48 bent out from the tubular portion 44 engage recesses or an annular groove in the side wall 22 of the fuel chamber for retaining the diaphragm and valve assembly 36 in its installed position.
  • Assembly 36 further includes an outer retention member 50 having a second flange 52 sealingly engaging the upper, or outer side, of the outer periphery of diaphragm 38.
  • An open ended tubular portion 54 extends upward, or outward, from an inner edge of the second flange 52.
  • flange 42 In order to retain the diaphragm between the flanges 42, 52, one of them, in this case flange 42, is bent around the outer peripheries of the diaphragm 38 and the other flange 52 and is crimped against flange 52 to form an integral assembly.
  • a valve member 58 is pivotally retained in a socket of a valve carrier 60 that is carried by the center or central portion of the diaphragm 38 for movement of the valve together with the central portion of the diaphragm.
  • a spring seat 64 carried on the upper side of the diaphragm central portion, engages an extension of the valve carrier 60 to retain both elements in position on the diaphragm.
  • the spring seat 64 connects outwardly with a tubular axial extension 66.
  • a coil type biasing spring 68 is compressed between the spring seat 64 and an upper spring retainer 70.
  • a cover 72 encloses the biasing spring and seats upon the flange 32 of the fuel body to capture the crimped flanges of the diaphragm and valve assembly 36 in the recess 34 and retain the assembly in its assembled position.
  • a retainer guide 74 is mounted in a central portion of the cover 72 and carries an adjusting screw 76 which engages the upper spring retainer 70 and may be adjusted to set the desired spring force.
  • the fuel body 12 further includes a central post 78 extending upward from a lower wall of the fuel chamber 14 and carrying a valve seat 80 at its upper end.
  • An outlet orifice 82 in the valve seat connects with an outlet passage 84 extending through the post and an external nipple 86, to which a return fuel tube, not shown, may be connected for returning bypass fuel to the vehicle fuel tank.
  • pressurized fuel is delivered from the fuel supply 20 to the fuel chamber 14 wherein the pressure is controlled to a predetermined constant level by action of the fuel pressure regulator 30.
  • Valve member 58 seats against the valve seat 80, closing the outlet orifice 82 until the pressure within the chamber 14 reaches the desired level.
  • the diaphragm 38 is forced upward by the fuel pressure against the bias of spring 68, opening the valve 58 and allowing excess fuel to pass through the orifice 82 and passage 84 for return to the fuel tank.
  • the flow is varied as required by the diaphragm valve in order to maintain an essentially constant pressure within the fuel chamber 14.
  • Constant pressure from the fuel chamber 14 is supplied through flexible fuel tubes 26 to the injectors 28, pressure in the fuel tubes being maintained at essentially the same pressure as in the fuel chamber 14.
  • each injector is actuated to spray fuel into its respective cylinder inlet port.
  • fuel from the fuel chamber 14 passes into the respective fuel tube 26 to maintain the fuel supply pressure to the injector constant until it is again closed and one of the other injectors is opened.
  • the injectors are provided with an essentially constant inlet pressure, providing a predetermined pressure drop through the injector which gives the desired equality of flow through the several injectors.
  • the lines may be of any desired length in order to connect the fuel chamber 14 with each of the various injectors without having an adverse effect on the amount of fuel delivered by the various injectors to their respective cylinders.
  • System 90 is in most respects the same as that of system 10 previously described, so that like numerals identify like components and features.
  • System 90 differs in providing a bypass outlet connector 92 which extends at a right angle to the outlet passage 84 in the post 78 from which the bypass outlet connector 92 extends.
  • a mounting base 94 is provided on the lower portion of the fuel body 96 for mounting the body on a suitable portion of an associated engine, not shown. Otherwise, the structure of fuel system 90 is essentially the same as that of fuel system 10 previously described.
  • System 100 has injectors and fuel tubes identical with those of system 10 so that like reference numerals identify like parts.
  • System 10 differs in that it is connected with a controlled pressure fuel supply 102 which may be, for example, a fuel pump combined with a pressure regulator mounted within the fuel tank of an associated vehicle.
  • Fuel supply 102 connects through a feed line 18 with an inlet tube 16 that feeds the controlled pressure fuel to a fuel chamber 104 of a fuel body 106.
  • the fuel body may be a compact structure having a cylindrical wall 108 with spaced distribution ports 24 extending through the wall 108 as in the first described embodiment.
  • the bottom of the wall may be flat as shown or of any other suitable configuration.
  • An open upper end of the enclosed fuel chamber 104 is closed by a cover 110 which is designed to flex in response to variations or pulsations in the fuel chamber 104. This flexing provides a damping effect that damps out pulsations without their having a significant effect on the fuel pressure delivered to the individual injectors.
  • the pulsation damping is provided by the action of the pressure regulator diaphragm 38 which varies slightly the volume of the fuel chamber 14 in response to such pressure pulsations.
  • the cover 110 flexes to provide the pressure pulsation damping accomplished by the diaphragm of the other described embodiments.
  • the main objects in designing a fuel chamber for a returnless fuel system are incorporating enough compliance and not over stressing the material. Removal of the regulator removes a large percentage of the system's compliance. To compensate for this compliance loss, the fuel body must be designed with a geometry that provides the compliance and limits the maximum stresses to a manageable level. It should be noted here that the fuel body can be made of a resilient metal such as steel or, if the proper geometry is used, a composite material (material changes will drive dimensional differences). The following discussion will aid in the understanding of the relation between pressure pulsations and the geometry of the fuel body in a returnless fuel system.
  • the wave speed is equal to the square root of the bulk modulus of the fluid divided by its density. This assumes that the only change in system volume arises from the slight compression of the fuel in the wave front. If some small amount of wall flexing of the duct occurs, the system volume also changes and results in a reduction of the wave speed.
  • the new value for wave speed is dependent on the conduit or duct size, geometry, thickness and material. The following equation models the modified wave speed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Système d'injection de carburant (10, 90, 100) pour une utilisation avec une source de carburant sous pression (20, 102), ledit système d'injection de carburant comprenant un corps de carburant (12, 92, 106) définissant une chambre de carburant compacte (14, 104) pour recevoir du carburant à une pression commandée, ledit corps ayant un connecteur d'entrée (16) et des connecteurs de sortie multiples (24) ; et
       une pluralité d'injecteurs de carburant (28) pouvant être montés sur des passages d'entrée de forme ronde d'un moteur à combustion interne pour distribuer directement le carburant à des ports d'entrée séparés du moteur à combustion interne, dans lequel ledit système est caractérisé par :
    une pluralité de tubes de carburant flexibles (26) reliant lesdits injecteurs de carburant à ceux desdits connecteurs de sortie qui sont séparés pour distribuer le carburant auxdits injecteurs de carburant à ladite pression commandée ; et en ce que
    ladite chambre de carburant (14) comprend un moyen d'amortissement de pulsations (30, 110).
  2. Système d'injection de carburant (10, 90, 100) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel lesdits injecteurs de carburant (28) ont des vannes d'injection à commande par électro-aimant.
  3. Système d'injection de carburant (10, 90, 100) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite chambre de carburant (14) est généralement symétrique.
  4. Système d'injection de carburant (10, 90, 100) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les dimensions intérieures desdits connecteurs de sortie (24) et desdits tubes de carburant (26) sont sélectionnées pour minimiser la chute de pression pendant la circulation du carburant depuis la chambre de carburant (14) jusqu'aux injecteurs respectifs (28).
  5. Système d'injection de carburant (10, 90, 100) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit moyen d'amortissement comprend une paroi sensible à la pression (38, 110) de ladite chambre de carburant (14, 104) fonctionnant pour amortir les pulsations de pression agissant sur ladite paroi en faisant varier le volume de la chambre en réponse à ces pulsations de pression.
  6. Système d'injection de carburant (10, 90, 100) selon la revendication 5, dans lequel ladite paroi sensible à la pression (38, 110) est formée en tant que membrane supportée par un bord (38, 110) réalisée à partir d'un matériau relativement rigide.
  7. Système d'injection de carburant (100) selon la revendication 6, dans lequel ledit matériau relativement rigide est choisi parmi le groupe constitué par les métaux et les plastiques résilients.
  8. Système d'injection de carburant (10, 90) selon la revendication 5, dans lequel ladite paroi sensible à la pression (38) comprend un diaphragme régulateur de pression de carburant (38).
  9. Système d'injection de carburant (10, 90) selon la revendication 8, dans lequel ledit diaphragme (38) ouvre une vanne de purge (58) en réponse à une pression excessive dans la chambre de carburant (14), moyennant quoi les pulsations de pression à l'intérieur sont encore plus amorties.
  10. Système d'injection de carburant (10, 90) selon la revendication 9, dans lequel ledit diaphragme (38) forme une partie d'un assemblage de diaphragme et de soupape unitaire (36) comprenant en outre :
    un élément de rétention interne (40) ayant une première bride (42) s'emboítant de façon étanche avec une périphérie externe du diaphragme (38) sur un côté de celui-ci et une partie de montage tubulaire (44) s'étendant depuis un bord interne de la bride (42) axialement vers l'intérieur à distance du diaphragme (38) et appuyée dans une paroi périphérique (22) de ladite chambre ;
    un élément de rétention externe (50) ayant une seconde bride (52) s'emboítant de façon étanche avec ladite périphérie externe du diaphragme (38) sur un côté opposé de celui-ci et une partie externe tubulaire (54) s'étendant depuis un bord interne de la seconde bride axialement vers l'extérieur ;
    l'une desdites première et seconde brides (42, 52) étant fléchie autour de ladite périphérie externe du diaphragme (38) et sertie contre l'autre desdites première et seconde brides (42, 52) pour retenir de façon étanche ladite périphérie du diaphragme entre les première et seconde brides (42, 52) ;
    un élément formant vanne (58) porté sur une partie centrale (60) dudit diaphragme (38) sur le même côté que ledit élément de rétention interne (40) pour un déplacement avec ladite partie centrale du diaphragme axialement par rapport auxdites parties tubulaires (44, 54) ; et
    un siège de ressort (64) porté sur ladite partie centrale du diaphragme sur le même côté que ledit élément de rétention externe (50) pour un déplacement avec ladite partie centrale du diaphragme, ledit siège de ressort étant raccordé vers l'extérieur à une extension tubulaire axiale (66) adaptée pour recevoir un ressort de polarisation (68) en prise avec le siège de ressort.
  11. Système d'injection de carburant (10, 90) selon la revendication 10, dans lequel ledit élément de rétention interne (40) comprend des parties en projection (48) pouvant s'emboíter avec des évidements dans ladite paroi périphérique (22) pour maintenir ledit assemblage de diaphragme et de soupape (36) appuyé dans ladite paroi périphérique de la chambre (22).
  12. Système d'injection de carburant (10, 90) selon la revendication 10, comprenant un couvercle (72) monté sur ladite paroi périphérique (22) de la chambre (14) et enfermant à l'extérieur ledit assemblage de diaphragme et de soupape (36) et un ressort de polarisation (68) comprimé entre ledit siège de ressort (64) et ledit couvercle (72) et poussant ledit élément formant vanne (58) contre un siège de soupape (80) à l'intérieur de ladite chambre (14) pour commander le réglage de la pression de carburant au moyen dudit assemblage de diaphragme et de soupape (36).
  13. Système d'injection de carburant (10, 90, 100) pour une utilisation avec une source de carburant sous pression (20, 102), ledit système d'injection de carburant comprenant un corps de carburant (12, 96, 106) définissant une chambre de carburant compacte (14, 104) pour recevoir du carburant à une pression commandée, ledit corps ayant un connecteur d'entrée (16) et des connecteurs de sortie multiples (24) ; et
       une pluralité d'injecteurs de carburant (28) pouvant être montés sur des passages d'entrée de forme ronde d'un moteur à combustion interne pour distribuer directement le carburant à des ports d'entrée séparés du moteur à combustion interne, dans lequel ledit système est caractérisé par :
    une pluralité de tubes de carburant flexibles (26) reliant lesdits injecteurs de carburant à ceux desdits connecteurs de sortie qui sont séparés pour distribuer le carburant auxdits injecteurs de carburant à ladite pression commandée ; et
    un moyen unitaire d'amortissement de pulsations et de réglage de pression (36, 110) disposé à l'intérieur de ladite chambre de carburant (14).
  14. Système d'injection de carburant (10, 90) selon la revendication 13, dans lequel ledit moyen unitaire de réglage de pulsations et de pression (36) comprend :
    un diaphragme (38) disposé en prise étanche avec une paroi (22) de la chambre de carburant (14), ledit diaphragme faisant varier le volume de ladite chambre de carburant (14) en réponse à des pulsations de pression à l'intérieur ; et
    un élément formant vanne de réglage de pression (58) porté par ledit diaphragme (38), ledit élément formant vanne réglant une pression de carburant à l'intérieur de ladite chambre de carburant.
EP99941118A 1998-08-18 1999-08-13 Systeme d'injection de carburant Expired - Lifetime EP1045984B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/136,090 US6135092A (en) 1997-10-29 1998-08-18 Fuel injection system
US136090 1998-08-18
PCT/US1999/018434 WO2000011344A1 (fr) 1998-08-18 1999-08-13 Systeme d'injection de carburant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1045984A1 EP1045984A1 (fr) 2000-10-25
EP1045984B1 true EP1045984B1 (fr) 2004-11-03

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EP99941118A Expired - Lifetime EP1045984B1 (fr) 1998-08-18 1999-08-13 Systeme d'injection de carburant

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EP (1) EP1045984B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU5483399A (fr)
DE (1) DE69921610T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000011344A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE50200727D1 (de) * 2001-05-09 2004-09-09 Siemens Ag Speichereinspritzsystem mit erhöhter Bauteilfestigkeit von hochdruckführenden Komponenten
GB2474658B (en) * 2009-10-20 2014-01-29 Gm Global Tech Operations Inc Fuel delivery injection system
FR3043732B1 (fr) * 2015-11-13 2019-06-28 Renault S.A.S. Rampe de carburant avec un amortissement de pulsations
FR3044049B1 (fr) * 2015-11-25 2021-10-15 Renault Sas Dispositif amortisseur de pulsations d'alimentation en liquide d'un organe de vehicule

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2957682A (en) * 1957-05-13 1960-10-25 Holley Carburetor Co Fuel system
IT1238509B (it) * 1989-11-07 1993-08-18 Weber Srl Collettore di carburante ad elevata pressione atto ad essere inserito tra una pompa di alimentazione del carburante ed almeno una valvola di iniezione del carburante azionata elettromagneticamente
US5579739A (en) * 1994-01-14 1996-12-03 Walbro Corporation Returnless fuel system with demand fuel pressure regulator
DE19650784A1 (de) * 1996-12-06 1998-06-10 Bosch Gmbh Robert Vorrichtung für eine Kraftstoffversorgungsanlage
JPH10196482A (ja) * 1997-01-16 1998-07-28 Isuzu Motors Ltd ディーゼル機関の燃料噴射装置

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DE69921610T2 (de) 2005-10-20
EP1045984A1 (fr) 2000-10-25
WO2000011344A1 (fr) 2000-03-02
AU5483399A (en) 2000-03-14
DE69921610D1 (de) 2004-12-09

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