EP1027245B1 - Rail vehicle system - Google Patents

Rail vehicle system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1027245B1
EP1027245B1 EP98956898A EP98956898A EP1027245B1 EP 1027245 B1 EP1027245 B1 EP 1027245B1 EP 98956898 A EP98956898 A EP 98956898A EP 98956898 A EP98956898 A EP 98956898A EP 1027245 B1 EP1027245 B1 EP 1027245B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
units
rail vehicle
train
vehicle system
bogies
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP98956898A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1027245A1 (en
Inventor
Michael Baier
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Mercedes Benz Group AG
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DaimlerChrysler AG
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Priority claimed from DE19819094A external-priority patent/DE19819094A1/en
Application filed by DaimlerChrysler AG filed Critical DaimlerChrysler AG
Publication of EP1027245A1 publication Critical patent/EP1027245A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
    • B61C3/00—Electric locomotives or railcars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D3/00—Wagons or vans
    • B61D3/10—Articulated vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D3/00—Wagons or vans
    • B61D3/10—Articulated vehicles
    • B61D3/12—Articulated vehicles comprising running gear interconnected by loads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F3/00—Types of bogies
    • B61F3/12—Types of bogies specially modified for carrying adjacent vehicle bodies of articulated trains
    • B61F3/125—Types of bogies specially modified for carrying adjacent vehicle bodies of articulated trains with more than one axle or wheel set

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rail vehicle system, the functional units to form a train.
  • the functions are sub-functions of transport speed generation "Driving” and "Braking".
  • the acceleration forces of the "Drive” function are only transmitted via the locomotive's wheel / rail contact Brakes are additionally applied to the brakes with their wagon wheel / rail contacts.
  • the locomotive drive can brake in electrically powered units be used as a generator, with the energy gained in the network is fed back or destroyed via a braking resistor. Even with diesel or diesel-electric driven units is in principle a (recovery) recovery of electrical energy realizable.
  • the train brake works pneumatically / mechanically and does not allow energy recovery. It is heavy wear exposed and causes high operating costs.
  • the first tendencies are towards another Functional division recognizable, For example, for the first time, "drive turned parts" are used, but not consistently across the entire Train are distributed.
  • the ICE3 has non-driven axles and therefore needs a strong pneumatic locomotive / train brake system.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a rail vehicle system, the one universal, demand-dependent and changeable during the operating time Train construction allows and improvements in energy requirements and the operating costs can be expected
  • the rail vehicle system has functional units that can be assembled in a modular manner Connecting bogies and functional units, control units that can be placed on them and transport units. Take over the connecting bogies in addition to the carrying function of control, supply or transport units both the drive and brake function as well as a clutch function true. That with it
  • the proposed modular train system has a number of advantages.
  • the functional units can be combined as required into a train, whereby all wheel sets are electrically driven or braked.
  • the motorization of the connecting bogies can be implemented in series for different outputs depending on the load become.
  • Link bogies of different capacities can be combined.
  • There are different types of transport units on the connecting bogies can be arranged. Transport units for people and goods can be combined in one train.
  • the transport units for goods can differ in the usual way after container transport, bulk transport and other transport.
  • Control units can be arranged at the beginning and / or end of the train, the control units regardless of the type of train and the drive power.
  • the connecting bogies are designed such that the connection of two connecting bogie halves mechanical, magnetic / electromagnetic or can also take place in a contact-free and drive-controlled manner.
  • further units such as supply units, control units and / or transport units on the corresponding connecting bogie halves is also advantageously possible while driving.
  • Fig. 1 shows a modular train 1, in the connection bogies 2 supply units 3 control units 4 and transport units 5 are attached.
  • the connecting bogies 2 each have at least two axes each an electric drive / brake unit. They are designed to be divisible so that they assume a coupling function. Such connecting bogies 2 are with different drive / braking powers provided. As a special module in the sense of a train kit, connecting bogies are also possible at where only one of the axes is driven or braked.
  • the supply units 3 contain the necessary facilities, such as pantographs 6, transformer and power converter for drawing current from a catenary and to return energy to the overhead contact line or to convert fossil fuels Energy in electrical energy.
  • the supply units 3 are also in the rail vehicle system provided for different services.
  • Universal Control units 4 that can be used, on the other hand, can be independent of load or power be executed.
  • Transport units 5 are designed differently depending on the transport of people or goods and also according to the type of goods to be transported.
  • a train formed in this way generally contains only electrically driven and braked axles, which enables increased energy recovery.
  • the overall energy balance of a rail system is significantly improved.
  • Pneumatic or mechanical brakes are also required, but their use is significantly reduced. Small dimensions and wear reduction can be achieved.
  • the drive power can be easily adapted to the actual temporary requirement.
  • a performance rating of the connecting bogies and supply units in the In terms of a series design it allows operating times that are difficult to transport for people Carrying freight transport elements in the passenger train association. It is conceivable that control units after any at any point of the train set performed train separation - possibly even while driving - with the so Proceed part trains separately to different destination stations or with other, similarly designed partial trains to new mixed groups could be coupled. This can increase the transport capacity of individual routes optimized and improved train route planning enabled.
  • decentralized controllers control units integrated in the individual connecting bogies 2 decentralized controllers (control units) integrated.
  • a central vehicle control computer is located in a control unit 4.
  • the current load on the individual axles of the connecting bogies 2 is detected via load sensors and the corresponding decentralized controller communicated.
  • Each of the decentralized controllers is thus able to communicate with the central vehicle control computer via a bus system individual axes individually, depending on the current load case and train condition to regulate according to need, i.e. to drive or slow down. Farther this enables a drive-coupled train system in which all units, such as supply units 3, control units 4 and transport units 5 drive-controlled without direct need of a mechanical or electromagnetic Drive clutch one after the other.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Platform Screen Doors And Railroad Systems (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Handcart (AREA)

Abstract

A rail vehicle system that has connecting bogies, supply units, control units, and transportation units, which can be placed on said connecting bogies in order to form a train with a modular construction. The connecting bogies contain at least two axles, one of which is equipped with an electrical drive/brake unit, and which are configured so that they can be separated in a clutch-like manner. The supply units may contain vital devices such as current collectors, transformers and power converters for extracting power form a contact line and feeding it back into the contract line or converters of primary energy or electrical energy. The control units can be configured to be independent of current and load. The transportation units may differ according to whether they are for transporting passengers or goods and according to the type of goods being transported. The interfaces of all of the units are uniform and are configured in such a way that the units can be interchanged quickly and easily. The resulting consistent division of train into functional units enables the driving power to be better adapted to the load, creates possibilities for generating and using energy and reduces operating/maintenance costs.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Schienenfahrzeugsystem, das Funktionseinheiten zur Bildung eines Zuges aufweist.The invention relates to a rail vehicle system, the functional units to form a train.

Übliche Schienenfahrzeugkonzepte beruhen auf einer Funktionsaufteilung zwischen "Transportgeschwindigkeit erzeugen", realisiert durch eine Lokomotive (Lok) und "Transportgut aufnehmen", realisiert durch Waggons. Basierend auf dieser starren Funktionsaufteilung sind unterschiedliche Lok-/Zugtypen entstanden.Common rail vehicle concepts are based on a division of functions between "Generate transport speed", realized by a locomotive (locomotive) and "Pick up transport goods", realized by wagons. Based on this rigid The division of functions has resulted in different locomotive / train types.

Unterfunktionen der Transportgeschwindigkeitserzeugung sind die Funktionen "Antreiben" and "Bremsen". Die Beschleunigungskräfte der Funktion "Antreiben" werden ausschließlich über den Rad/Schiene-Kontakt der Lok übertragen, zum Bremsen wird zusätzlich die Bremse mit ihren Waggon-Rad/Schiene-Kontakten hinzugezogen. Der Lokantrieb kann bei elektrisch angetriebenen Einheiten im Bremsbetrieb generatorisch genutzt werden, wobei die gewonnene Energie in das Netz zurückgespeist oder über einen Bremswiderstand vernichtet wird. Auch bei diesel- bzw. dieselelektrisch angetriebenen Einheiten ist prinzipiell eine (Rück)gewinnung von elektrischer Energie realisierbar. Die Zugbremse arbeitet dagegen pneumatisch/mechanisch und ermöglicht keine Energierückspeisung. Sie ist starkem Verschleiß ausgesetzt und verursacht hohe Betriebskosten. The functions are sub-functions of transport speed generation "Driving" and "Braking". The acceleration forces of the "Drive" function are only transmitted via the locomotive's wheel / rail contact Brakes are additionally applied to the brakes with their wagon wheel / rail contacts. The locomotive drive can brake in electrically powered units be used as a generator, with the energy gained in the network is fed back or destroyed via a braking resistor. Even with diesel or diesel-electric driven units is in principle a (recovery) recovery of electrical energy realizable. The train brake, on the other hand, works pneumatically / mechanically and does not allow energy recovery. It is heavy wear exposed and causes high operating costs.

Im Personenbeförderungsbereich sind erste Tendenzen in Richtung einer anderen Funktionsaufteitung erkennbar, Im ICE3 werden beispielsweise erstmals "Antriebsdrehgesteile" zum Einsatz kommen, die jedoch nicht konsequent über den gesamten Zug verteilt sind. Beim ICE3 gibt es nichtangetriebene Achsen und damit Bedarf an einem stark ausgeprägten pneumatischen Lok-/Zugbremssystem.In the area of passenger transport, the first tendencies are towards another Functional division recognizable, For example, for the first time, "drive turned parts" are used, but not consistently across the entire Train are distributed. The ICE3 has non-driven axles and therefore needs a strong pneumatic locomotive / train brake system.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Schienenfahrzeugsystem anzugeben, das einen universellen, bedarfsabhängigen und während der Betriebszeit veränderbaren Zugaufbau ermöglicht und dabei Verbesserungen bezüglich des Energiebedarfs und der Betriebskosten erwarten läßt,The invention has for its object to provide a rail vehicle system, the one universal, demand-dependent and changeable during the operating time Train construction allows and improvements in energy requirements and the operating costs can be expected

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Schienenfahrzeugsystem mit modularen Funktionseinheiten gemäß dem Anspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in weiteren Ansprüchen angegeben.This task is accomplished by a rail vehicle system with modular functional units solved according to claim 1. Advantageous configurations are in others Claims specified.

Das Schienenfahrzeugsystem weist als modular zusammensetzbare Funktionseinheiten Verbindungsdrehgestelle und darauf aufsetzbare Funktionseinheiten, Steuereinheiten und Transporteinheiten auf. Die Verbindungsdrehgestelle übernehmen neben der Tragefunktion von Steuer-, Versorgungs- oder Transporteinheiten sowohl die Antriebs- und Bremsfunktion als auch eine Kupplungsfunktion wahr. Das damit vorgeschlagene Zugbaukastensystem weist eine Reihe von Vorteilen auf. Die Funktionseinheiten sind beliebig zu einem Zug zusammenstellbar, wobei a!le Radsätze elektrisch angetrieben bzw. gebremst sind. Die Motorisierung der Verbindungsdrehgestelle kann lastabhängig in Baureihen für unterschiedliche Leistungen realisiert werden. Es sind Verbindungsdrehgestelle unterschiedlicher Leistung kombinierbar. Auf den Verbindungsdrehgestellen sind Transporteinheiten unterschiedlicher Art anordenbar. Transporteinheiten für Personen und für Güter sind in einem Zug kombinierbar. Die Transporteinheiten für Güter können sich in üblicher Weise unterscheiden nach Containertransport, Schüttgut-Transport und anderem Transport. Steuereinheiten sind am Zuganfang und/oder Zugende anordenbar, wobei die Steuereinheiten unabhängig von der Zugart und der Antriebsleistung sein kännen. The rail vehicle system has functional units that can be assembled in a modular manner Connecting bogies and functional units, control units that can be placed on them and transport units. Take over the connecting bogies in addition to the carrying function of control, supply or transport units both the drive and brake function as well as a clutch function true. That with it The proposed modular train system has a number of advantages. The functional units can be combined as required into a train, whereby all wheel sets are electrically driven or braked. The motorization of the connecting bogies can be implemented in series for different outputs depending on the load become. Link bogies of different capacities can be combined. There are different types of transport units on the connecting bogies can be arranged. Transport units for people and goods can be combined in one train. The transport units for goods can differ in the usual way after container transport, bulk transport and other transport. Control units can be arranged at the beginning and / or end of the train, the control units regardless of the type of train and the drive power.

In Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die Verbindungsdrehgestelle so ausgeführt, daß die Verbindung zweier Verbindungsdrehgestellhälften mechanisch, magnetisch/elektromagnetisch oder auch berührungsfrei und antriebsgesteuert erfolgen kann. Ein An- oder Abkoppeln weiterer Einheiten, wie Versorgungseinheiten, Steuereinheiten und/oder Transporteinheiten auf den entsprechenden Verbindungsdrehgestellhälften ist vorteilhaft auch während der Fahrt möglich.In an embodiment of the invention, the connecting bogies are designed such that the connection of two connecting bogie halves mechanical, magnetic / electromagnetic or can also take place in a contact-free and drive-controlled manner. On Coupling or uncoupling further units, such as supply units, control units and / or transport units on the corresponding connecting bogie halves is also advantageously possible while driving.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile ergeben sich aus der nachstehenden Erläuterung eines in der Zeichnung beispielhaft dargestellten Zuges.Further details and advantages result from the explanation below a train shown as an example in the drawing.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen modular zusammengesetzten Zug 1, bei dem auf Verbindungsdrehgestellen 2 Versorgungseinheiten 3 Steuereinheiten 4 und Transporteinheiten 5 aufgesetzt sind.Fig. 1 shows a modular train 1, in the connection bogies 2 supply units 3 control units 4 and transport units 5 are attached.

Die Verbindungsdrehgestelle 2 weisen jeweils wenigstens zwei Achsen mit jeweils einer elektrischen Antriebs/Bremseinheit auf. Sie sind teilbar ausgeführt, so daß sie eine Kupplungsfunktion übernehmen. Solche Verbindungsdrehgestelle 2 werden mit unterschiedlichen Antriebs/Bremsleistungen zur Verfügung gestellt. Als Sondermodul im Sinne eines Zugbaukastens sind auch Verbindungsdrehgestelle möglich, bei denen nur eine der Achsen angetrieben bzw. gebremst ist.The connecting bogies 2 each have at least two axes each an electric drive / brake unit. They are designed to be divisible so that they assume a coupling function. Such connecting bogies 2 are with different drive / braking powers provided. As a special module in the sense of a train kit, connecting bogies are also possible at where only one of the axes is driven or braked.

Die Versorgungseinheiten 3 enthalten die notwendigen Einrichtungen, wie Stromabnehmer 6, Transformator und Stromrichter zur Stromentnahme aus einer Fahrleitung und zur Energierücklieferung in die Fahrleitung oder zur Wandlung von fossiler Energie in elektrische Energie. Auch die Versorgungseinheiten 3 werden im Schienenfahrzeugsystem für unterschiedliche Leistungen zur Verfügung gestellt. Universell einsetzbare Steuereinheiten 4 können dagegen last- oder leistungsunabhängig ausgeführt sein.The supply units 3 contain the necessary facilities, such as pantographs 6, transformer and power converter for drawing current from a catenary and to return energy to the overhead contact line or to convert fossil fuels Energy in electrical energy. The supply units 3 are also in the rail vehicle system provided for different services. Universal Control units 4 that can be used, on the other hand, can be independent of load or power be executed.

Transporteinheiten 5 sind unterschiedlich ausgeführt je nach Personen- oder Gütertransport und auch nach der Art des zu transportierenden Gutes. Transport units 5 are designed differently depending on the transport of people or goods and also according to the type of goods to be transported.

Es sind mehrere Versorgungseinheiten 3 im Zug anordenbar zur Anpassung an die jeweilige Antriebsleistung und um den Zug teilbar auszuführen.
Ein so gebildeter Zug enthält in der Regel ausschließlich elektrisch angetriebene und gebremste Achsen, wodurch eine gesteigerte Energierückspeisung ermöglicht ist. Die Gesamtenergiebilanz eines Bahnsystems wird erheblich verbessert. Pneumatisch bzw. mechanisch wirkende Bremsen sind zwar zusätzlich erforderlich, ihr Einsatz ist jedoch wesentlich verringert. Eine Geringerdimensionierung und Verschleißreduktion können verwirklicht werden. Die Antriebsleistung läßt sich gut an den tatsächlichen temporär bedingten Bedarf anpassen.Several supply units 3 can be arranged in the train to adapt to the respective drive power and to make the train divisible.
A train formed in this way generally contains only electrically driven and braked axles, which enables increased energy recovery. The overall energy balance of a rail system is significantly improved. Pneumatic or mechanical brakes are also required, but their use is significantly reduced. Small dimensions and wear reduction can be achieved. The drive power can be easily adapted to the actual temporary requirement.

Eine Leistungsstufung der Verbindungsdrehgestelle und Versorgungseinheiten im Sinne einer Baureihengestaltung erlaubt es, in personentransportschwachen Betriebszeiten Gütertransportelemente im Personenzugverband mitzuführen. Es ist denkbar, daß Steuereinheiten nach einer an einer beliebigen Stelle des Zugverbandes durchgeführten Zugtrennung - eventuell sogar während der Fahrt - mit den so entstandenen Teilzügen separat zu unterschiedlichen Zielbahnhöfen weiterfahren bzw. mit anderen, in gleicher Weise konzipierten Teilzügen zu neuen Mischverbänden gekoppelt werden könnten. Dadurch kann die Transportkapazität einzelner Trassen optimiert und eine verbesserte Zuglaufplanung ermöglicht werden.A performance rating of the connecting bogies and supply units in the In terms of a series design, it allows operating times that are difficult to transport for people Carrying freight transport elements in the passenger train association. It is conceivable that control units after any at any point of the train set performed train separation - possibly even while driving - with the so Proceed part trains separately to different destination stations or with other, similarly designed partial trains to new mixed groups could be coupled. This can increase the transport capacity of individual routes optimized and improved train route planning enabled.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Schienenfahrzeugsystemes sind in die einzelnen Verbindungsdrehgestelle 2 dezentrale Controller (Steuereinheiten) integriert. In einer Steuereinheit 4 befindet sich ein zentraler Fahrzeugsteuerungsrechner. Die aktuelle Belastung der einzelnen Achsen der Verbindungsdrehgestelle 2 wird über Lastsensoren erfaßt und dem entsprechenden dezentralen Controller mitgeteilt. Jeder der dezentralen Controller ist damit in die Lage versetzt, in Kommunikation mit dem zentraler Fahrzeugsteuerungsrechner über ein Bussystem die einzeinen Achsen individuell, in Abhängigkeit vom aktuellen Belastungsfall und Zugzustand bedarfsgerecht zu regeln, also anzutreiben oder abzubremsen. Weiterhin wird dadurch ein antriebsgekoppeiter Zugverbund ermöglicht, bei dem alle Einheiten, wie Versorgungseinheiten 3, Steuereinheiten 4 und Transporteinheiten 5 antriebsgeregelt ohne direkten Bedarf einer mechanischen oder elektromagnetischen Kupplung hintereinander fahren.In a further embodiment of the rail vehicle system according to the invention in the individual connecting bogies 2 decentralized controllers (control units) integrated. A central vehicle control computer is located in a control unit 4. The current load on the individual axles of the connecting bogies 2 is detected via load sensors and the corresponding decentralized controller communicated. Each of the decentralized controllers is thus able to communicate with the central vehicle control computer via a bus system individual axes individually, depending on the current load case and train condition to regulate according to need, i.e. to drive or slow down. Farther this enables a drive-coupled train system in which all units, such as supply units 3, control units 4 and transport units 5 drive-controlled without direct need of a mechanical or electromagnetic Drive clutch one after the other.

Claims (5)

  1. A rail vehicle system which, in order to form a train (1), comprises functional units which can be fitted together in modular form: connecting bogies (2) and, adapted to be placed thereon, supply units (3), control units (4) and transport units (5), whereby
    the connecting bogies (2) are of divisible construction, each having two axles of which at least one is fitted with an electrically operated drive/braking unit and whereby connecting bogies (2) having different drive/braking outputs are available
    the supply units (3) contain the necessary equipment such as current collectors (6), transformers and power converters to draw current from and return it to a contact line and whereby the supply units (3) are available for different electricity outputs or are also constructed to be compatible with diesel/diesel electric units,
    the control units are independent of load or output and are constructed to be universally usable,
    the transport units (5) are differently constructed for transporting passengers or freight and also in accordance with the nature of the freight being transported, and
    control units (4), supply units (3) and transport units (5) in the train (1) are in each case connected to one another by connecting bogies (2), and whereby
    the interfaces of the supply, control and transport units are uniform and are so configured that simple and rapid interchange is possible.
  2. A rail vehicle system according to claim 1, characterised in that the connecting bogies (2) are so constructed that the connection of two connecting bogey halves can be mechanical, magnetic/electromagnetic or also contactless and drive/controlled.
  3. A rail vehicle system according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that a unit for converting primary energy into electrical energy such as for example a generator driven by a diesel engine, is available which generates electrical drive energy for the connecting bogey drives whereby energy recovered during braking can be intermediately stored in a supply unit (3) fitted with energy stores or can be fed to a network.
  4. A rail vehicle system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that integrated into the connecting bogies (2) are decentral controllers to which the present load detected by load sensors in respect of the individual axles can be communicated and which drive or brake the individual axles individually and according to need as a function of the loading at any one time.
  5. A rail vehicle system according to claim 4, characterised in that the central vehicle control computer is provided in a control unit (4) and which is in communication with the decentral controllers via a bus system.
EP98956898A 1997-11-05 1998-10-30 Rail vehicle system Expired - Lifetime EP1027245B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19748732 1997-11-05
DE19748732 1997-11-05
DE19819094A DE19819094A1 (en) 1997-11-05 1998-04-29 Rail vehicle system
DE19819094 1998-04-29
PCT/EP1998/006886 WO1999024304A1 (en) 1997-11-05 1998-10-30 Rail vehicle system

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP1027245A1 EP1027245A1 (en) 2000-08-16
EP1027245B1 true EP1027245B1 (en) 2001-12-19

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US (2) US6474242B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1027245B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2001522758A (en)
AT (1) ATE211090T1 (en)
AU (1) AU740384B2 (en)
DK (1) DK1027245T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2170539T3 (en)
NO (1) NO20002197D0 (en)
WO (1) WO1999024304A1 (en)

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US6474242B1 (en) 2002-11-05
WO1999024304A1 (en) 1999-05-20
EP1027245A1 (en) 2000-08-16
ES2170539T3 (en) 2002-08-01
ATE211090T1 (en) 2002-01-15
AU740384B2 (en) 2001-11-01
NO20002197L (en) 2000-04-27
DK1027245T3 (en) 2002-04-02
US6860210B2 (en) 2005-03-01
JP2001522758A (en) 2001-11-20
US20030084814A1 (en) 2003-05-08
AU1337399A (en) 1999-05-31
NO20002197D0 (en) 2000-04-27

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