EP1022404A1 - Prefabricated reinforced and pretensioned concrete roofing system for building construction - Google Patents
Prefabricated reinforced and pretensioned concrete roofing system for building construction Download PDFInfo
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- EP1022404A1 EP1022404A1 EP00400127A EP00400127A EP1022404A1 EP 1022404 A1 EP1022404 A1 EP 1022404A1 EP 00400127 A EP00400127 A EP 00400127A EP 00400127 A EP00400127 A EP 00400127A EP 1022404 A1 EP1022404 A1 EP 1022404A1
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- roofing system
- beams
- prefabricated
- prefabricated roofing
- reinforced concrete
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
- E04B7/12—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation formed in bays, e.g. sawtooth roofs
Definitions
- the invention consists of a prefabricated concrete roofing system reinforced and prestressed for the realization of buildings.
- This cover is of several types: without light crossing point, shed or with openings for vertical lighting.
- the width of the halls, or the length of the beams, and the center distance longitudinal posts are elements that also characterize the different types of covers.
- This last type of cover is called in the jargon of the prefabrication cover ⁇ with wings ⁇ or ⁇ pleated ⁇ because the elements of large span are made of prestressed reinforced concrete components with thin sails tilted like the wings of an airplane or a flying bird, whose transverse profile is deformable (see Figure 1).
- the roofing system which is the subject of this invention belongs to the families 1c) e 2b).
- the installation of the membrane involves high costs and the result is unreliable. Indeed, in the in most cases, the upper surface of the beam is sealed by placing the membrane perpendicular to its longitudinal axis, the amount of joints is therefore important. The membrane being exposed to UVA rays, after several years the joints degrade and let the rain pass.
- Fire resistance is usually another weak point of covers ⁇ with wings ⁇ or ⁇ pleated ⁇
- the beams being very few thick, fire resistance is low and tends to become almost zero for very long components. Indeed, under the operating load, the concrete and steel stresses are already very high. In case fire, since the thicknesses are small, the temperature increases almost uniformly over the entire cross-section cross beams. The materials therefore degrade over their entire thickness, resulting in rapid collapse of the cover.
- the too large dimension of the prefabricated covers currently on the market is another negative architectural element
- the plate rests on the upper surface of the secondary beam, which has his turn is based on the upper surface of the supporting beam.
- the thickness of the coverage is therefore equivalent to the sum of the thicknesses of its components.
- roofs made of beams ⁇ to wings ⁇ or ⁇ pleated ⁇ are fairly diffused, for two reasons: a) the market offers nothing better; b) they are accessible to all prefabricators because relatively simple to make.
- the building cladding can be made of prefabricated panels (8) or in masonry.
- the system which is the subject of this invention is reliable, light and resistant. he aims to eliminate the drawbacks discussed above while improving aesthetics.
- the coverage is made up of approximately 60% elements (4) fully compressed instead of elements subjected to a bending force.
- One of the weak points of covers ⁇ with wings ⁇ or ⁇ pleated ⁇ current resides in the plates in fiber cement or profiled sheet located between the secondary beams.
- the traditional prefabricated buildings all consist of a assembly of components placed at the ends.
- the traditional scheme is as follows: beams supported at the ends, i.e. elements subjected to a bending force having the upper surface compressed and the lower surface in traction.
- the soles connecting the secondary beams are components in an arc (4) supported at the ends (9). Their shape is such that external loads produce in the plate simple compressions for use complete and optimal of its section.
- the semicircular soles (4) cause on the secondary beams tubular (3) vertical actions (weight + snow load and tightness) and horizontal. These are however easily absorbed by the concrete plate (10) constituting the upper surface of the beam secondary tubular.
- systems ⁇ with wings ⁇ or ⁇ pleated ⁇ are very sensitive to horizontal actions. Their components have a cross section open which means that the parts subject to cuts do not are not related to each other. The application of horizontal actions would cause intolerable collapse or deformation.
- the form geometric of the beam (3) is innovative insofar as it is schematically made up of a very rigid triangular tube both at the flexion than torsion due to its shape. Its rigidity increases at the ends when adding transverse closures (11) of a thickness important. All of this greatly reduces distortion and stresses on the materials, giving the system great reliability.
- the secondary beam (3) is supported on crows (12) projecting by relative to the supporting beam (2).
- These crows (12) have a surface horizontal of large dimensions to guarantee the realization of a stable assembly and prevent the secondary beam (3) from tipping over during handling or once the structure is finished.
- the supporting beams (2) in turn rest on the top of the posts (1). It is shaped so that it can fix the end of the beams at the same pole and also allow the passage of water rain.
- the flanges (4) connecting the secondary beams are arcs of a circle whose lower end (13) rests on the secondary beam (3) and the upper end (14) serves to support the panel for the insertion of joinery (6).
- the semicircular soles (4) have the same behavior as beams, they are elements subjected to a bending force. From where the need for them to have a slightly greater thickness for be able to withstand external loads.
- the reinforced concrete panel for the insertion of joinery (6) constitutes not only a passage for outside light but also a support stable for the semicircular sole. It can be endowed, during its manufacture of fixed or automatic opening joinery for allow ventilation according to the regulations in force.
- the structure which is the subject of this invention solves all the problems architectural and those related to the heterogeneity of materials, mentioned in the section entitled: ⁇ Disadvantages of structures current ⁇ .
- the height of the roof is very small since the beams load-bearing (2) and the secondary beams (3) are coplanar (their upper surface and lower surface are at the same level). In addition to being pleasant to the eye, this lowers the costs of heating and air conditioning because the cover is more compact than those which are used in current systems.
- edge plate (5) is flat.
- the semicircular soles (4) are set back relative to the facade and consequently the cladding (8) of the building may have a lower height than traditional systems. This constitutes a further reduction in building construction costs.
- the secondary beams (3) are produced in successive phases.
- the closures (11) have a double role: a) they constitute the support of the secondary beam (3) on the supporting beam (2); b) they give to the beam (3) additional rigidity to resist deformation.
- the upper surface (10) of the secondary beam (3) can be produced in two technologies: a) concrete pouring on a material basis thermally insulating (18) shaped correctly; b) pose and assembly of a horizontal prefabricated plate on the shaped body of ⁇ V ⁇ of the beam (3).
- Case a has the advantage of achieving thermal insulation of the beam during the construction phase, which significantly reduces the costs of insulation during on-site work and shorten times sealing performance.
- the supporting beams (2) are produced in a single phase. Their ends can be closed in case of high stresses due to cutting and twisting forces, the internal cavity (19) is made in insulating material. Like the secondary beams (3), this gives them a high degree of thermal resistance.
- the most vulnerable beam in the event of fire is the secondary beam (3) because its thickness is reduced.
- its geometric shape with ⁇ tube triangular ⁇ is a great advantage over beams ⁇ with wings ⁇ or ⁇ pleated ⁇ usual.
- the sound temperature upper surface (10) remains practically constant and identical to that outside temperature.
- the increase in temperature in the building does not cause degradation of mechanical characteristics of the beam which has an intrinsic fire resistance greater than that of ⁇ wing ⁇ or ⁇ pleated ⁇ beams currently on the market.
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Abstract
Description
L'invention consiste en un système de couverture préfabriquée en béton armé et précontraint pour la réalisation de bâtiments. Cette couverture est de plusieurs types : sans point de passage de la lumière, à shed ou avec des ouvertures permettant un éclairage vertical.The invention consists of a prefabricated concrete roofing system reinforced and prestressed for the realization of buildings. This cover is of several types: without light crossing point, shed or with openings for vertical lighting.
Le marché des structures préfabriquées pour les bâtiments industriels et
commerciaux se compose de quatre secteurs principaux :
Le système qui fait l'objet de cette invention appartenant uniquement aux deux premiers secteurs, nous limiterons donc notre analyse de la situation actuelle des techniques de préfabrication des couvertures à ces secteurs.The system which is the subject of this invention belonging only to first two sectors, so we will limit our analysis of the situation techniques of prefabrication of roofs to these sectors.
La largeur des halles, ou la longueur des poutres, et l'entre-axe longitudinal des poteaux sont des éléments qui caractérisent également les différents types de couvertures.The width of the halls, or the length of the beams, and the center distance longitudinal posts are elements that also characterize the different types of covers.
Synthétiquement, les principales familles des systèmes actuels comprennent des :In summary, the main families of current systems include:
Ce dernier type de couverture est appelé dans le jargon de la préfabrication couverture 〈〈 à ailes 〉〉 ou 〈〈 plissée 〉〉 car les éléments de grande portée sont constitués de composants en béton armé précontraint à voiles minces inclinés comme les ailes d'un avion ou d'un oiseau en vol, dont le profil transversal est déformable (voir figure 1).This last type of cover is called in the jargon of the prefabrication cover 〈〈 with wings 〉〉 or 〈〈 pleated 〉〉 because the elements of large span are made of prestressed reinforced concrete components with thin sails tilted like the wings of an airplane or a flying bird, whose transverse profile is deformable (see Figure 1).
Le système de couverture faisant l'objet de cette invention appartient aux familles 1c) e 2b).The roofing system which is the subject of this invention belongs to the families 1c) e 2b).
La réglementation et les normes techniques en vigueur ne couvrent pas de manière exhaustive la conception et le comportement des structures de grande portée à voiles minces dont la section transversale est déformable. Au niveau de l'UE, un groupe de travail du CEN a commencé à étudier une norme (Special precast concrete roof elements) dont l'objectif est d'établir les tensions de travail des matériaux, les déformations instantanées et différées, etc.Current regulations and technical standards do not cover comprehensively the design and behavior of structures large span with thin webs whose cross section is deformable. At EU level, a CEN working group has started studying a standard (Special precast concrete roof elements) including the objective is to establish the working tensions of the materials, the instantaneous and delayed deformations, etc.
Aujourd'hui, chaque producteur de structures préfabriquées adapte la réglementation en vigueur sur les poutres ordinaires à ses propres besoins. Les plus scrupuleux d'entre eux font des essais de charge sur des prototypes grandeur nature pour vérifier leurs études. En pratique, le concepteur de la structure modifie ses propres calculs pour compenser les différences entre les résultats empiriques des essais et le modèle mathématique utilisé. Cependant, ces essais ne nous renseignent pas sur le comportement de la structure lorsqu'elle est soumise à des charges permanentes, comme c'est le cas dans la réalité, ce qui implique de sérieux doutes quant à la fiabilité de leurs résultats. Today, each producer of prefabricated structures adapts the current regulations on ordinary beams at its own needs. The most scrupulous of them carry out load tests on life-size prototypes to verify their studies. In practice, the structure designer modifies his own calculations to compensate differences between the empirical test results and the model mathematics used. However, these tests do not tell us about the behavior of the structure when it is subjected to loads permanent, as is the case in reality, which involves serious doubts about the reliability of their results.
La forme géométrique des composants actuels est de moins en moins adaptée à l'évolution du marché. Celui-ci impose, la plupart du temps, la réalisation de grandes halles d'environ 30 m de longueur et dont l'entre-axe des poteaux est supérieur à 10 m. La fiabilité des couvertures 〈〈 à ailes 〉〉 ou 〈〈 plissées 〉〉 diminue avec l'augmentation de la portée des composants. En effet, la surface réduite de la zone comprimée, l'importante sollicitation des matériaux, le manque de parallélisme de l'axe neutre par rapport aux axes principaux d'inertie, et la faible rigidité à la torsion rendent peu fiable leur utilisation. Tous ces facteurs se manifestent par d'importantes déformations tant longitudinales que transversales.The geometric shape of current components is less and less adapted to market developments. This imposes, most of the time, the realization of large halls of about 30 m in length and whose center distance posts is greater than 10 m. The reliability of the covers 〈〈 to wings 〉〉 or 〈〈 pleated 〉〉 decreases with increasing range of components. Indeed, the reduced surface of the compressed area, the heavy use of materials, the lack of parallelism of the axis neutral with respect to the main axes of inertia, and the low rigidity at torsion make their use unreliable. All of these factors manifest by significant deformations both longitudinal and transverse.
Pour des raisons de poids et de coûts, ces éléments ont une épaisseur très réduite. De ce fait, les contraintes dues aux efforts tranchants et de torsion accusent des valeurs élevées difficilement déterminables avec les modèles mathématiques actuellement utilisés. Ceci aggrave encore davantage les déformations dont il a été question au paragraphe précédent.For reasons of weight and cost, these elements have a thickness very small. As a result, the stresses due to shear forces and torsion have high values which are difficult to determine with the mathematical models currently in use. This further aggravates more the deformations which were discussed in the paragraph previous.
La durabilité et la fiabilité de l'étanchéité - et dans les couvertures à shed l'étanchéité des menuiseries à l'air et à la pluie - constituent un autre point faible des structures actuelles. Les déformations importantes peuvent déchirer les membranes d'étanchéité ou rendre inutilisables les menuiseries. Parfois, la déformation longitudinale due à la charge est tellement élevée que le milieu de la poutre se trouve à un niveau inférieur à celui des appuis d'extrémité, avec pour conséquence l'accumulation de l'eau de pluie (pounding).Durability and reliability of waterproofing - and in shed blankets airtightness and rain tightness of carpentry - another point weak of the current structures. Significant deformations can tear the waterproofing membranes or render them unusable joinery. Sometimes the longitudinal deformation due to the load is so high that the middle of the beam is at a lower level to that of the end supports, with the consequence of the accumulation of rainwater (pounding).
Toujours en ce qui concerne l'étanchéité, la pose de la membrane implique des coûts élevés et le résultat est peu fiable. En effet, dans la plupart des cas, l'extrados de la poutre est étanchéifié en disposant la membrane perpendiculairement à son axe longitudinal, la quantité de joints est donc importante. La membrane étant exposée aux rayons UVA, après plusieurs années les joints se dégradent et laissent passer la pluie.Still with regard to waterproofing, the installation of the membrane involves high costs and the result is unreliable. Indeed, in the in most cases, the upper surface of the beam is sealed by placing the membrane perpendicular to its longitudinal axis, the amount of joints is therefore important. The membrane being exposed to UVA rays, after several years the joints degrade and let the rain pass.
Il existe un autre type d'étanchéité constituée de plaques planes ou courbes en fibrociment ou en tôle profilée. Ces plaques présentent d'autres inconvénients : en général, la faible inclinaison de l'extrados des composants et la superposition des plaques contiguës sur de petites largeurs pour des raisons de coûts ne garantissent pas l'étanchéité à l'eau par temps de pluie associé au vent.There is another type of seal consisting of flat plates or fiber cement or profiled sheet curves. These plaques feature other disadvantages: in general, the low inclination of the upper surface of the components and the overlapping of adjoining plates on small widths for cost reasons do not guarantee watertightness in rainy weather associated with wind.
La résistance au feu constitue généralement un autre point faible des couvertures 〈〈 à ailes 〉〉 ou 〈〈 plissées 〉〉 Les poutres étant très peu épaisses, la résistance au feu est faible et tend à devenir presque nulle pour les composants très longs. En effet, sous la charge d'exploitation, les contraintes du béton et de l'acier sont déjà très élevées. En cas d'incendie, dans la mesure où les épaisseurs sont faibles, la température augmente de façon quasi uniforme sur la totalité de la section transversale des poutres. Les matériaux se dégradent donc sur toute leur épaisseur, avec pour conséquence l'effondrement rapide de la couverture.Fire resistance is usually another weak point of covers 〈〈 with wings 〉〉 or 〈〈 pleated 〉〉 The beams being very few thick, fire resistance is low and tends to become almost zero for very long components. Indeed, under the operating load, the concrete and steel stresses are already very high. In case fire, since the thicknesses are small, the temperature increases almost uniformly over the entire cross-section cross beams. The materials therefore degrade over their entire thickness, resulting in rapid collapse of the cover.
Pour réduire le poids des couvertures, la plupart des préfabricateurs laissent un espace entre les poutres secondaires et le comblent avec des plaques en fibrociment ou en métal thermiquement isolé. Cette solution mixte, poutres en béton armé et plaques en fibrociment ou en métal, présente des risques. En effet, en cas de neige abondante les plaques peuvent s'effondrer comme cela a déjà eu lieu par le passé. D'autre part, du fait des différents coefficients de dilatation des matériaux, les connexions entre les poutres et les plaques tendent à se relâcher mettant ainsi en péril la durabilité et l'étanchéité de la couverture.To reduce the weight of blankets, most prefabricators leave a space between the secondary beams and fill it with fiber cement or thermally insulated metal plates. This solution mixed, reinforced concrete beams and fiber cement or metal plates, presents risks. Indeed, in case of heavy snow the plates may collapse as has happened in the past. On the other hand, due to the different expansion coefficients of the materials, the connections between beams and plates tend to loosen putting thus jeopardizing the durability and tightness of the cover.
En outre, très souvent les plaques sont mal raccordées aux poutres ce qui crée des zones d'ombre et forme des réceptacles à poussière. Ce manque d'harmonie est également préjudiciable à l'esthétique de la couverture dans la mesure où la forme géométrique de la poutre ne coïncide pas avec celle de la plaque.In addition, very often the plates are poorly connected to the beams which creates shadow areas and forms dust receptacles. This lack of harmony is also detrimental to the aesthetics of the coverage since the geometric shape of the beam does not does not coincide with that of the plate.
La trop grande dimension des couvertures préfabriquées actuellement sur le marché constitue un autre élément architectural négatif En règle générale, la plaque s'appuie sur l'extrados de la poutre secondaire, qui a son tour s'appuie sur l'extrados de la poutre porteuse. L'épaisseur de la couverture est donc équivalente à la somme des épaisseurs de ses composants.The too large dimension of the prefabricated covers currently on the market is another negative architectural element As a rule general, the plate rests on the upper surface of the secondary beam, which has his turn is based on the upper surface of the supporting beam. The thickness of the coverage is therefore equivalent to the sum of the thicknesses of its components.
Malgré tous ces inconvénients, les couvertures constituées de poutres 〈〈 à ailes 〉〉 ou 〈〈 plissées 〉〉 sont assez diffusées, et ce pour deux raisons : a) le marché ne propose rien de mieux ; b) elles sont à la portée de tous les préfabricateurs car relativement simples à réaliser. Despite all these drawbacks, roofs made of beams 〈〈 to wings 〉〉 or 〈〈 pleated 〉〉 are fairly diffused, for two reasons: a) the market offers nothing better; b) they are accessible to all prefabricators because relatively simple to make.
La structure est particulièrement adaptée à la réalisation des bâtiments à hautes performances structurelles. Elle est compétitive à partir d'une trame de 20 m x 10 m (largeur halles x entre-axe des poteaux) qui peut aller jusqu'à 30 m x 13 m voire plus. Elle est constituée des principaux éléments suivants :
- poteaux (1)
- poutres porteuses (2)
- poutres secondaires tubulaires (3)
- semelles en arc de cercle (couverture privée de lumière, à éclairage vertical ou à shed) (4)
- plaques de bord (5) (couverture privée de lumière, à éclairage vertical ou à shed)
- panneaux pour l'insertion des menuiseries (couverture à shed) (6)
- poutres de bord (7)
- posts (1)
- load-bearing beams (2)
- tubular secondary beams (3)
- semicircular soles (lightless, vertical or shed lighting) (4)
- edge plates (5) (lightless, vertical or shed cover)
- panels for the insertion of joinery (shed cover) (6)
- edge beams (7)
Le bardage du bâtiment peut être réalisé en panneaux préfabriqués (8) ou en maçonnerie.The building cladding can be made of prefabricated panels (8) or in masonry.
Le système faisant l'objet de cette invention est fiable, léger et résistant. Il a pour objectif d'éliminer les inconvénients dont il a été question plus haut tout en améliorant l'esthétique.The system which is the subject of this invention is reliable, light and resistant. he aims to eliminate the drawbacks discussed above while improving aesthetics.
Tous les composants du système ont une forme géométrique et un schème statique répondant pleinement à la réglementation en vigueur.All system components have a geometric shape and a static scheme fully meeting the regulations in force.
Leur calcul est simple et réalisable avec les codes de calcul automatiques habituels que l'on trouve sur le marché. Ceci permet de prévoir en toute sécurité leur comportement y compris lorsqu'ils sont soumis à des charges permanentes.Their calculation is simple and achievable with automatic calculation codes common ones found on the market. This makes it possible to plan in all safety their behavior including when subjected to permanent charges.
Comme nous en parlerons plus en détails par la suite, la couverture est constituée à environ 60% d'éléments (4) entièrement comprimés au lieu d'éléments soumis à un effort de flexion. L'un des points faibles des couvertures 〈〈 à ailes 〉〉 ou 〈〈 plissées 〉〉 actuelles réside dans les plaques en fibrociment ou en tôle profilée situées entre les poutres secondaires.As we will discuss in more detail later, the coverage is made up of approximately 60% elements (4) fully compressed instead of elements subjected to a bending force. One of the weak points of covers 〈〈 with wings 〉〉 or 〈〈 pleated 〉〉 current resides in the plates in fiber cement or profiled sheet located between the secondary beams.
Or dans le système faisant l'objet de l'invention, elles sont en béton armé et constituent l'élément le plus résistant grâce à leur schéma statique novateur.However, in the system which is the subject of the invention, they are made of reinforced concrete. and constitute the most resistant element thanks to their static diagram innovative.
Dans la mesure où la couverture présente de grandes surfaces planes (10), (17), il est possible d'y installer et d'y entretenir facilement des équipements.Insofar as the cover has large flat surfaces (10), (17), it is possible to install and maintain there easily equipment.
Bien que le système soit particulièrement bien adapté à de hautes performances structurelles (portée importante et réduction des points porteurs intermédiaires dans les aires d'activité), son poids est extrêmement réduit. Dans le cas d'un éclairage vertical avec un pourcentage de lumière de 12%, pour une trame de 30 m x 13 m (1 poteau tous les 390 m2), le poids total de la structure est d'environ 325 kg / m2. En comparaison, une couverture traditionnelle en béton, avec des poutres à hauteur variable, un pourcentage de lumière de 11% et une trame de 20 m x 12 m (1 poteau tous les 240 m2), pèse autour de 305 kg / m2. Cela constitue une différence de seulement 8 mm/m2 de béton uniformément distribué.Although the system is particularly well suited to high structural performance (large range and reduction of intermediate bearing points in activity areas), its weight is extremely reduced. In the case of vertical lighting with a light percentage of 12%, for a frame of 30 mx 13 m (1 post every 390 m 2 ), the total weight of the structure is approximately 325 kg / m 2 . In comparison, a traditional concrete roof, with beams with variable height, a light percentage of 11% and a frame of 20 mx 12 m (1 post every 240 m 2 ), weighs around 305 kg / m 2 . This is a difference of only 8 mm / m 2 of uniformly distributed concrete.
Les avantages mis en évidence dans le point précédent ne sont réalisables que si la couverture est constituée à environ 60% d'éléments uniformément comprimés. Cette particularité n'existe que dans la structure faisant l'objet de cette invention.The advantages highlighted in the previous point are not achievable only if the cover is made up of approximately 60% of elements evenly compressed. This peculiarity only exists in the structure which is the subject of this invention.
Les bâtiments préfabriqués traditionnels sont tous constitués d'un assemblage de composants posés aux extrémités. Le schéma traditionnel est le suivant : des poutres appuyées aux extrémités c'est-à-dire des éléments soumis à un effort de flexion ayant l'extrados comprimé et l'intrados en traction.The traditional prefabricated buildings all consist of a assembly of components placed at the ends. The traditional scheme is as follows: beams supported at the ends, i.e. elements subjected to a bending force having the upper surface compressed and the lower surface in traction.
Dans le système faisant l'objet de cette invention, les semelles reliant les poutres secondaires sont des composants en arc de cercle (4) appuyés aux extrémités (9). Leur forme est telle que les charges externes produisent dans la plaque de simples compressions pour une utilisation complète et optimale de sa section.In the system which is the subject of this invention, the soles connecting the secondary beams are components in an arc (4) supported at the ends (9). Their shape is such that external loads produce in the plate simple compressions for use complete and optimal of its section.
Les semelles en arc de cercle (4) provoquent sur les poutres secondaires tubulaires (3) des actions verticales (poids + charge de neige et étanchéité) et horizontales. Ces dernières sont cependant facilement absorbées par la plaque de béton (10) constituant l'extrados de la poutre secondaire tubulaire.The semicircular soles (4) cause on the secondary beams tubular (3) vertical actions (weight + snow load and tightness) and horizontal. These are however easily absorbed by the concrete plate (10) constituting the upper surface of the beam secondary tubular.
Au contraire, les systèmes 〈〈 à ailes 〉〉 ou 〈〈 plissés 〉〉 sont très sensibles aux actions horizontales. Leurs composants ont une section transversale ouverte ce qui signifie que les parties soumises à des compressions ne sont pas liées les unes aux autres. L'application d'actions horizontales entraínerait un effondrement ou des déformations intolérables. La forme géométrique de la poutre (3) est novatrice dans la mesure où elle est schématiquement constituée d'un tube triangulaire très rigide tant à la flexion qu'à torsion du fait à sa forme. Sa rigidité augmente aux extrémités lorsqu'on y ajoute des fermetures transversales (11) d'une épaisseur importante. Tout cela réduit énormément les déformations et les sollicitations sur les matériaux, conférant au système une grande fiabilité.On the contrary, systems 〈〈 with wings 〉〉 or 〈〈 pleated 〉〉 are very sensitive to horizontal actions. Their components have a cross section open which means that the parts subject to cuts do not are not related to each other. The application of horizontal actions would cause intolerable collapse or deformation. The form geometric of the beam (3) is innovative insofar as it is schematically made up of a very rigid triangular tube both at the flexion than torsion due to its shape. Its rigidity increases at the ends when adding transverse closures (11) of a thickness important. All of this greatly reduces distortion and stresses on the materials, giving the system great reliability.
La poutre secondaire (3) est appuyée sur des corbeaux (12) en saillie par rapport à la poutre porteuse (2). Ces corbeaux (12), ont une surface horizontale de grandes dimensions pour garantir la réalisation d'un assemblage stable et éviter que la poutre secondaire (3) ne bascule durant la manutention ou une fois la structure terminée.The secondary beam (3) is supported on crows (12) projecting by relative to the supporting beam (2). These crows (12) have a surface horizontal of large dimensions to guarantee the realization of a stable assembly and prevent the secondary beam (3) from tipping over during handling or once the structure is finished.
Les poutres porteuses (2) s'appuient à leur tour sur le sommet des poteaux (1). Celui-ci est façonné de manière à pouvoir fixer l'extrémité des poutres au poteau même et permettre également le passage des eau pluviales.The supporting beams (2) in turn rest on the top of the posts (1). It is shaped so that it can fix the end of the beams at the same pole and also allow the passage of water rain.
Dans ce type de structure, les semelles (4) reliant les poutres secondaires sont des arcs de cercle dont l'extrémité inférieure (13) s'appuie sur la poutre secondaire (3) et l'extrémité supérieure (14) sert d'appui au panneau pour l'insertion des menuiseries (6).In this type of structure, the flanges (4) connecting the secondary beams are arcs of a circle whose lower end (13) rests on the secondary beam (3) and the upper end (14) serves to support the panel for the insertion of joinery (6).
Dans ce cas, les semelles en arc de cercle (4) ont le même comportement que les poutres, ce sont des éléments soumis à un effort de flexion. D'où la nécessité qu'elles aient une épaisseur un peu plus importante pour pouvoir résister aux charges externes.In this case, the semicircular soles (4) have the same behavior as beams, they are elements subjected to a bending force. From where the need for them to have a slightly greater thickness for be able to withstand external loads.
Le panneau en béton armé pour l'insertion des menuiseries (6), constitue non seulement un passage pour la lumière extérieure mais aussi un appui stable pour la semelle en arc de cercle. Il peut être doté, lors de sa fabrication, de menuiseries fixes ou à ouverture automatique pour permettre une ventilation selon la réglementation en vigueur.The reinforced concrete panel for the insertion of joinery (6), constitutes not only a passage for outside light but also a support stable for the semicircular sole. It can be endowed, during its manufacture of fixed or automatic opening joinery for allow ventilation according to the regulations in force.
La structure faisant l'objet de cette invention résout tous les problèmes architecturaux et ceux qui sont liés à l'hétérogénéité des matériaux, évoqués dans la section intitulée : 〈〈 Inconvénients des structures actuelles 〉〉.The structure which is the subject of this invention solves all the problems architectural and those related to the heterogeneity of materials, mentioned in the section entitled: 〈〈 Disadvantages of structures current 〉〉.
Bien qu'entièrement en béton, comme nous l'avons dit précédemment, cette structure est très légère grâce à l'application d'une idée innovante qui consiste à remplacer la plupart des composants de la couverture par des éléments comprimés. Le fait qu'elle soit entièrement en béton permet d'éviter les problèmes liés à la dilatation différentielle et la forme géométrique des semelles (4) est telle que les liaisons mécaniques entre elles et les poutres (3) ne sont pas nécessaires, alors qu'elles le sont dans les systèmes traditionnels.Although entirely made of concrete, as we said before, this structure is very light thanks to the application of an innovative idea which consists of replacing most of the components of the cover with compressed elements. The fact that it is entirely made of concrete allows avoid problems related to differential expansion and shape geometry of the soles (4) is such that the mechanical connections between they and the beams (3) are not necessary, whereas they are in traditional systems.
Il existe une harmonie entre les formes des composants comme le montrent clairement les dessins ci-joints. Les raccords (15) entre les semelles en arc de cercle (4) et les poutres secondaires (3) sont conçus de telle manière que, d'en bas, l'oeil ne perçoit pas de discontinuité mais au contraire une continuité très agréable. La forme géométrique de la poutre secondaire (3) a été étudiée de façon à ce que les voiles inclinés (16) soient rectilignes et en même temps tangents à l'extrémité de la semelle en arc de cercle (4). Cela permet de modifier la hauteur de la poutre secondaire tout en conservant l'harmonie des formes (voir figures 13 et 14). En outre, la continuité (15) entre l'intrados des semelles et le côté incliné de la poutre empêche la stagnation de la poussière, caractéristique très appréciable pour des bâtiments destinés à l'industrie alimentaire.There is a harmony between the forms of the components like the clearly show the attached drawings. The connections (15) between the semicircular soles (4) and the secondary beams (3) are designed in such a way that, from below, the eye does not perceive a discontinuity but on the contrary, a very pleasant continuity. The geometric shape of the secondary beam (3) has been studied so that the inclined sails (16) are rectilinear and at the same time tangent to the end of the semicircular sole (4). This allows you to change the height of the secondary beam while maintaining the harmony of the forms (see figures 13 and 14). In addition, the continuity (15) between the underside of the soles and the inclined side of the beam prevents stagnation of dust, very significant characteristic for buildings intended for industry food.
La hauteur de la couverture est très réduite dans la mesure où les poutres porteuses (2) et les poutres secondaires (3) sont coplanaires (leur extrados et leur intrados sont au même niveau). En plus d'être agréable à l'oeil, cela permet de baisser les coûts liés au chauffage et à la climatisation car la couverture est plus compacte que celles qui sont utilisées dans les systèmes actuels.The height of the roof is very small since the beams load-bearing (2) and the secondary beams (3) are coplanar (their upper surface and lower surface are at the same level). In addition to being pleasant to the eye, this lowers the costs of heating and air conditioning because the cover is more compact than those which are used in current systems.
Un autre point en faveur du système faisant l'objet de cette invention est que la plaque de bord (5) est plane. Pour réaliser la structure dans les dimensions exactes demandées par le client, que ce soit transversalement ou longitudinalement, l'on fabrique des plaques de compensation planes ou profilées comme le montrent les dessins ci-joints.Another point in favor of the system which is the subject of this invention is that the edge plate (5) is flat. To realize the structure in exact dimensions requested by the client, whether transversely or longitudinally, we manufacture plates of compensation planar or profiled as shown in the attached drawings.
Ainsi, les semelles en arc de cercle (4) se trouvent en retrait par rapport à la façade et en conséquence le bardage (8) du bâtiment peut avoir une hauteur inférieure à celle des systèmes traditionnels. Cela constitue une réduction supplémentaire des coûts de construction du bâtiment.Thus, the semicircular soles (4) are set back relative to the facade and consequently the cladding (8) of the building may have a lower height than traditional systems. This constitutes a further reduction in building construction costs.
La présence de gravier sur toutes les parties planes de la couverture permet d'y marcher. Le risque de chute dans le vide est minimal car le système à éclairage vertical ne comporte pas de plaques opaques ou translucides sans éléments porteurs sous-jacents, comme c'est le cas dans les systèmes traditionnels. Cette innovation permet de marcher sur la couverture sans risque d'accident.The presence of gravel on all flat parts of the roof lets walk there. The risk of falling into a vacuum is minimal because the vertical lighting system does not have opaque plates or translucent without underlying supporting elements, as is the case in traditional systems. This innovation makes it possible to walk on accident-free coverage.
Nous rappellerons l'originalité et le côté novateur du système faisant l'objet de cette invention sans entrer spécifiquement dans le processus de production.We will recall the originality and the innovative side of the system the object of this invention without specifically entering into the process of production.
Les poutres secondaires (3) sont produites selon des phases successives.The secondary beams (3) are produced in successive phases.
Dans la première phase, on réalise l'intrados et les voiles inclinés (16) et dans la seconde les fermetures d'extrémité (11) et l'extrados (10).In the first phase, we make the lower surface and the inclined sails (16) and in the second the end closures (11) and the upper surface (10).
Les fermetures (11) ont un double rôle : a) elles constituent l'appui de la poutre secondaire (3) sur la poutre porteuse (2) ; b) elles donnent à la poutre (3) une rigidité supplémentaire pour résister aux déformations.The closures (11) have a double role: a) they constitute the support of the secondary beam (3) on the supporting beam (2); b) they give to the beam (3) additional rigidity to resist deformation.
Aucun des composants 〈〈 à ailes 〉〉 ou 〈〈 plissés 〉〉 ayant une section transversale constante présents sur le marché ne possède de fermetures apportant un supplément de rigidité.None of the components 〈〈 with wings 〉〉 or 〈〈 pleated 〉〉 having a cross-section constant crossover present on the market does not have closures providing additional rigidity.
L'extrados (10) de la poutre secondaire (3) peut être réalisé selon deux technologies : a) coulée de béton sur une base de matériaux thermiquement isolants (18) façonnés correctement ; b) pose et assemblage d'une plaque préfabriquée horizontale sur le corps en forme de 〈〈 V 〉〉 de la poutre (3).The upper surface (10) of the secondary beam (3) can be produced in two technologies: a) concrete pouring on a material basis thermally insulating (18) shaped correctly; b) pose and assembly of a horizontal prefabricated plate on the shaped body of 〈〈 V 〉〉 of the beam (3).
Le cas a) présente l'avantage de réaliser l'isolation thermique de la poutre en phase de construction, ce qui permet de réduire sensiblement les coûts de l'isolation lors des travaux sur site et de raccourcir les temps d'exécution de l'étanchéité.Case a) has the advantage of achieving thermal insulation of the beam during the construction phase, which significantly reduces the costs of insulation during on-site work and shorten times sealing performance.
Les poutres porteuses (2) sont fabriquées en une seule phase. Leurs extrémités peuvent être fermées en cas de contraintes élevées dues aux efforts tranchants et de torsion, la cavité interne (19) est réalisée en matériel isolant. A l'instar des poutres secondaires (3), cela leur confère un degré élevé de résistance thermique.The supporting beams (2) are produced in a single phase. Their ends can be closed in case of high stresses due to cutting and twisting forces, the internal cavity (19) is made in insulating material. Like the secondary beams (3), this gives them a high degree of thermal resistance.
Grâce à la forme géométrique des composants du système, la réalisation de l'étanchéité a un coût réduit et celle-ci s'avère plus fiable que celle des systémes communément utilisés.Thanks to the geometric shape of the system components, the realization sealing at a reduced cost and this proves to be more reliable than that of commonly used systems.
En deux mots, les éléments les plus novateurs sont les suivants:
La poutre la plus vulnérable en cas d'incendie est la poutre secondaire (3) car son épaisseur est réduite. Cela étant, sa forme géométrique à 〈〈 tube triangulaire 〉〉 constitue un formidable avantage par rapport aux poutres 〈〈 à ailes 〉〉 ou 〈〈 plissées 〉〉 habituelles.The most vulnerable beam in the event of fire is the secondary beam (3) because its thickness is reduced. However, its geometric shape with 〈〈 tube triangular 〉〉 is a great advantage over beams 〈〈 with wings 〉〉 or 〈〈 pleated 〉〉 usual.
En cas d'incendie, grâce à la forme de la poutre, la température de son extrados (10) reste pratiquement constante et identique à celle la température extérieure. L'augmentation de la température dans le bâtiment n'entraíne pas la dégradation des caractéristiques mécaniques de la poutre qui a une résistance intrinsèque au feu supérieure à celle des poutres 〈〈 à ailes 〉〉 ou 〈〈 plissées 〉〉 actuellement présentes sur le marché.In the event of a fire, thanks to the shape of the beam, the sound temperature upper surface (10) remains practically constant and identical to that outside temperature. The increase in temperature in the building does not cause degradation of mechanical characteristics of the beam which has an intrinsic fire resistance greater than that of 〈〈 wing 〈〈 or 〈〈 pleated 〉〉 beams currently on the market.
Claims (15)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ITMI990085 IT1306966B1 (en) | 1999-01-19 | 1999-01-19 | PREFABRICATED COVERING SYSTEM FOR INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS |
ITMI990085 | 1999-01-19 |
Publications (1)
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EP1022404A1 true EP1022404A1 (en) | 2000-07-26 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP00400127A Withdrawn EP1022404A1 (en) | 1999-01-19 | 2000-01-19 | Prefabricated reinforced and pretensioned concrete roofing system for building construction |
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EP (1) | EP1022404A1 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1306966B1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ITBO20080655A1 (en) * | 2008-10-27 | 2010-04-28 | Borgioni Prefabbricati S R L | COVER FOR INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS |
EP4227472A1 (en) * | 2022-02-10 | 2023-08-16 | Paolo Borgioni | A building materials group for realising a building covering |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109518952B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2023-10-20 | 云南建投第二建设有限公司 | Be used for assembled building primary and secondary beam node to support, location, template device |
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FR1022385A (en) * | 1950-06-22 | 1953-03-04 | Jean Prouve Atel | prefabricated roof element |
CH541688A (en) * | 1972-04-13 | 1973-09-15 | Buergin Bernhard | Roofing constructions - with bridging elements of glass polyester plastics or sheet metal |
DE2363433A1 (en) * | 1973-12-20 | 1975-06-26 | Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag | Curved-reinforced-concrete-panel shell roof insulation - with foamed insulating layer overlapping structure ends to join wall layer |
EP0250020A2 (en) * | 1986-06-20 | 1987-12-23 | DLC S.r.L. | Prefabricated reinforced concrete self-bearing roofing elements for building construction |
EP0521431A1 (en) * | 1991-07-01 | 1993-01-07 | ITALCASE PREFABBRICATI S.r.L. | Covering device for buildings in general and for industrial and/or commercial buildings in particular |
EP0727536A1 (en) * | 1995-02-17 | 1996-08-21 | DLC S.r.L. | Improved roofing system comprising tiles alternating with roofing beam members |
-
1999
- 1999-01-19 IT ITMI990085 patent/IT1306966B1/en active
-
2000
- 2000-01-19 EP EP00400127A patent/EP1022404A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR1022385A (en) * | 1950-06-22 | 1953-03-04 | Jean Prouve Atel | prefabricated roof element |
CH541688A (en) * | 1972-04-13 | 1973-09-15 | Buergin Bernhard | Roofing constructions - with bridging elements of glass polyester plastics or sheet metal |
DE2363433A1 (en) * | 1973-12-20 | 1975-06-26 | Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag | Curved-reinforced-concrete-panel shell roof insulation - with foamed insulating layer overlapping structure ends to join wall layer |
EP0250020A2 (en) * | 1986-06-20 | 1987-12-23 | DLC S.r.L. | Prefabricated reinforced concrete self-bearing roofing elements for building construction |
EP0521431A1 (en) * | 1991-07-01 | 1993-01-07 | ITALCASE PREFABBRICATI S.r.L. | Covering device for buildings in general and for industrial and/or commercial buildings in particular |
EP0727536A1 (en) * | 1995-02-17 | 1996-08-21 | DLC S.r.L. | Improved roofing system comprising tiles alternating with roofing beam members |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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"Dokumentationsblätter. Untersuchungen über die Baukosten von Industrieflachbauten.", DEUTSCHE BAUZEITSCHRIFT, vol. 11, no. 2, February 1963 (1963-02-01), pages 226 - 240, XP002134984 * |
RÜHLE, KÜHN, WEISBACH, ZEIDLER: "Räumliche Dachtragwerke. Konstruktion und Ausführung. Band 1", 1969, VEB VERLAG FÜR BAUWESEN, BERLIN, XP002134985, 700532 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ITBO20080655A1 (en) * | 2008-10-27 | 2010-04-28 | Borgioni Prefabbricati S R L | COVER FOR INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS |
EP4227472A1 (en) * | 2022-02-10 | 2023-08-16 | Paolo Borgioni | A building materials group for realising a building covering |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ITMI990085A1 (en) | 2000-07-19 |
IT1306966B1 (en) | 2001-10-11 |
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