EP1011295A2 - Hermetisch dichter Hörgerätewandler und Hörgeräte mit diesem Wandler - Google Patents
Hermetisch dichter Hörgerätewandler und Hörgeräte mit diesem Wandler Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1011295A2 EP1011295A2 EP99122696A EP99122696A EP1011295A2 EP 1011295 A2 EP1011295 A2 EP 1011295A2 EP 99122696 A EP99122696 A EP 99122696A EP 99122696 A EP99122696 A EP 99122696A EP 1011295 A2 EP1011295 A2 EP 1011295A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- converter
- transducer
- hearing aid
- housing
- membrane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
- H04R25/60—Mounting or interconnection of hearing aid parts, e.g. inside tips, housings or to ossicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R11/00—Transducers of moving-armature or moving-core type
- H04R11/02—Loudspeakers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2225/00—Details of deaf aids covered by H04R25/00, not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2225/021—Behind the ear [BTE] hearing aids
- H04R2225/0216—BTE hearing aids having a receiver in the ear mould
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2225/00—Details of deaf aids covered by H04R25/00, not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2225/025—In the ear hearing aids [ITE] hearing aids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2307/00—Details of diaphragms or cones for electromechanical transducers, their suspension or their manufacture covered by H04R7/00 or H04R31/003, not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2307/027—Diaphragms comprising metallic materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2460/00—Details of hearing devices, i.e. of ear- or headphones covered by H04R1/10 or H04R5/033 but not provided for in any of their subgroups, or of hearing aids covered by H04R25/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2460/15—Determination of the acoustic seal of ear moulds or ear tips of hearing devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
- H04R25/60—Mounting or interconnection of hearing aid parts, e.g. inside tips, housings or to ossicles
- H04R25/604—Mounting or interconnection of hearing aid parts, e.g. inside tips, housings or to ossicles of acoustic or vibrational transducers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
- H04R25/60—Mounting or interconnection of hearing aid parts, e.g. inside tips, housings or to ossicles
- H04R25/607—Mounting or interconnection of hearing aid parts, e.g. inside tips, housings or to ossicles of earhooks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
- H04R25/60—Mounting or interconnection of hearing aid parts, e.g. inside tips, housings or to ossicles
- H04R25/609—Mounting or interconnection of hearing aid parts, e.g. inside tips, housings or to ossicles of circuitry
Definitions
- the present invention has as its object the known disadvantages mentioned above To minimize or eliminate hearing aid converters to a large extent
- an electroacoustic transducer for hearing aids which is characterized in that an electromechanical transducer drive unit is accommodated in an all-round hermetically gas-tight, preferably metallic housing, the wall of which is designed as a flexible, preferably circular membrane, and that The converter drive unit is coupled to the housing membrane in such a way that mechanical vibrations on the output side of the converter drive unit are mechanically directly coupled to the housing membrane from the inside, thereby stimulating the membrane to produce bending vibrations which cause sound radiation outside the converter housing.
- the housing membrane provides the sound radiating to the outside
- the internal electromechanical transducer drive unit can be based on all known transducer principles, such as, in particular, piezoelectric, dielectric, electromagnetic, electrodynamic and magnetostrictive.
- the converter housing is preferably cylindrical, in particular circular cylindrical, designed, and it expediently has a housing part open on one side, the open side of the transducer membrane is hermetically sealed.
- the housing part and / or the transducer membrane can be made of a non-corrosive rustproof metal, especially stainless steel, or from a non-corrosive, rustproof and particularly body-compatible metal, in particular titanium, platinum, niobium, tantalum or their alloys.
- the housing part is preferably hermetically gas-tight with at least one pole electrical housing bushing provided, the ground potential expedient lies on the housing part.
- the housing bushing can be advantageous based on gas-tight soldered metal-ceramic connections and as an insulator Aluminum oxide ceramic and at least as an electrical feedthrough conductor have a platinum-iridium wire.
- a piezoelectric is preferably used as the electromechanical converter drive unit Ceramic disc is provided, which in particular be circular can and that on the inside of the transducer membrane as electromechanically active Element is applied and together with the transducer membrane an electromechanical represents active heteromorph composite element. It is like one Bimorph element uses the piezoelectric cross effect, only the partner of Composite here not from a second piezoelectrically active element, but from the passive transducer membrane with a geometry similar to that of the piezo element.
- the piezoelectric ceramic disc can be used on both sides with a very thin, as Electrode surface serving, electrically conductive coating and consist in particular of lead zirconate titanate.
- the disc changes due to the transverse piezo effect their geometry preferably in the radial direction.
- There an expansion or radial contraction due to the mechanical a firm bond with the passive transducer membrane is prevented, one results Deflection of the composite element, which with appropriate edge support Membrane in the middle is maximum.
- the thickness of the transducer membrane and the thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic disk are appropriately approximately the same size and are in the range of 0.05 mm to 0.15 mm. Also preferably have the transducer membrane and the piezoelectric one Ceramic disc approximately the same modulus of elasticity. A particularly simple and reliable construction is obtained if both the transducer membrane and the housing part are electrically conductive, the piezoelectric ceramic disc with the Transducer membrane electrically conductive due to an electrically conductive adhesive is connected, and the housing part one of at least two electrical transducer connections forms.
- the radius of the transducer membrane is advantageous by a factor of 1.2 to 2.0, preferably a factor of about 1.4, larger than the radius of the piezoelectric ceramic disc.
- the electromechanical converter drive unit designed as an electromagnet arrangement, which is a component fixed with respect to the converter housing and a has a vibratable component that with the inside of the transducer membrane is coupled.
- the vibratable component of the electromagnet arrangement is preferably in the essentially fixed in the center of the transducer membrane.
- a permanent magnet that forms the vibratable component be connected while an electromagnetic coil is in the converter housing is firmly attached to the permanent magnet in vibrations offset.
- the permanent magnet can expediently be designed as a magnetic pin, and the coil may be a ring coil with a central opening into which the Immersed magnetic pen.
- a transducer arrangement with special My moving mass received the changes to that applied to the solenoid electrical signal can follow quickly and faithfully.
- the oscillating system comprising these components is coordinated that the first mechanical resonance frequency of the entire transducer is spectrally at upper end of the transmission range, advantageously in the range from 4 to 12 kHz, especially around 10 kHz.
- the converter drive unit is preferably electrically controlled so that the deflection of the transducer membrane up to first resonance frequency is impressed independent of frequency.
- a converter driver can also be accommodated in the converter housing.
- the invention further relates to a hearing aid which is the output side Sound transducer an electroacoustic transducer of the type explained above having.
- a hearing aid can in particular be used as a behind-the-ear device, in-the-ear device or glasses device.
- the electroacoustic transducer can be used together with a microphone, a power supply, signal processing and amplifying Elements as well as any other for a hearing aid function necessary components in a hearing aid housing.
- the electroacoustic can also be independent of the hearing device type Converter housed in a separate housing and by at least one bipolar electrical line connected to the actual hearing aid, which in in a conventional manner, a microphone, a power supply, signal processing and reinforcing elements as well as any other for a hearing aid function contains necessary components.
- This can be advantageous for the electroacoustic Separate housing containing transducers can be integrated into an earmold.
- the earmold containing the electroacoustic transducer can be fitted with a behind-the-ear hearing aid mechanically via a flexibly deformable coupling element be connected, the individual adaptation to the anatomy of the outer ear permitted and contains the electrical lead to the converter.
- the transducer housing is advantageously arranged so that the transducer membrane at least approximately flush with the area of the earmold or the in-the-ear device housing that faces the ear canal.
- the hearing aid is preferably equipped with an electronic converter driver, which the signal processing electronics of the hearing aid to the selected Electromechanical principle of the converter-internal converter drive unit respective objectives of the output level and frequency range accordingly adjusts.
- the converter driver can in the signal processing electronics of the Hearing aid integrated or a separate electronic module.
- the driver module in the hearing aid housing or the Transducer housing housed or between the hearing aid and the electro-acoustic Be arranged converter.
- Driver module can be expedient for the electrical supply of the driver module the electrical from the hearing aid based on the principle of phantom power Connection between the hearing aid electronics and the driver module be bipolar and a direct voltage are superimposed on a signal-containing alternating voltage, that supplies the driver module.
- the driver module can be detachable mechanical or electrical connectors with the hearing aid or the electroacoustic transducer.
- the hearing aid can be designed fully digital and a pulse width modulated Have output stage, the converter driver for connecting the pulse width modulated Output stage has an integrating function.
- Fig. 1 is the basic structure of the electroacoustic designated overall with 15 Hearing aid converter shown schematically.
- the housing or the earmold of an in-the-ear or behind-the-ear device represented by a wall 12, in which the hearing aid transducer 15 is inserted in such a way that its sound-emitting membrane 17 at least approximately as flush as possible with the housing or earmold area locks that faces the ear canal.
- the hearing aid converter 15 has a converter housing 14 that is closed on all sides, preferably a circular cylinder, whose upper side in the drawing is formed by the transducer membrane 17.
- membrane 17 hermetically seals the open side of a housing part 13 which is open on one side is gastight, except for the membrane 17 are all walls of the converter housing 14 mechanically rigid.
- the membrane 17 is in the area of the membrane center by a mechanically rigid Connecting element 18 connected to a converter drive unit 19.
- This converter drive unit 19 represents the actual electromechanical transducer, which via the Connecting element 18 excites the membrane 17 to dynamic bending vibrations lead to sound radiation on the outside of the converter housing 14.
- the Interpretation of the mechanical parameters, especially the dynamic mass fractions and the rigidity of the membrane 17, the connecting element 18 and the converter drive unit 19 expediently so that the first mechanical Resonance frequency is spectrally at the upper end of the desired transmission range (Tuning converter 15).
- With appropriate electronic control Voltage or current injection depending on the converter principle of the converter drive unit 19) is the deflection of the membrane 17 below the first resonance frequency independent of frequency.
- the electrical signal for the converter drive unit 19 is supplied via a hermetically gas-tight electrical introduced into the converter housing 14 Feedthrough 16 with electrical converter connections 16a, which are exemplary in FIG. 1 are shown bipolar.
- the electrical converter connections 16a can go directly to the Converter drive unit 19 lead or, as shown in Fig. 1, to one of the converter drive unit 19 upstream electrical or electronic converter drivers 66, which is housed in the converter housing 14 as an example in FIG. 1.
- the Converter driver 66 prepares unit 19 depending on the electromechanical conversion principle and the parameters of the driving electrical signal at terminals 16a thereof Electrical control signal on
- the converter driver 66 generally serves as an adaptation component between an electronic unit 65 of the one explained in more detail below Hearing aid 10 or 11 (Fig. 5, 6, 7 and 8) and the transducer 15.
- This electronic Adaptation component advantageously allows the use of existing ones electronic circuits of existing hearing aids, so that a completely new development of these circuits can be avoided.
- the converter driver 66 can, depending on what is used Conversion principle of the converter drive unit 19 contain components that have a further reinforcing character, the supply voltage range over Increase the corresponding DC / DC converter, an electrical impedance matching make and the like.
- the supply of the driver 66 with electrical operating energy is advantageously carried out on the principle of electrical phantom power, the a direct voltage component is superimposed on the signal-carrying line. So there is only one bipolar connection between the electronic unit 65 of the hearing aid and the Transducer element 15 necessary.
- the driver 66 can also be omitted and the corresponding electronic adjustments can be made in the hearing aid itself be carried out, so that in particular for an in-the-ear application according to FIG. 1 the volume requirement of the converter 15 can be minimized.
- FIG. 2 A preferred embodiment of the converter 15 is shown schematically in FIG. 2 This is advantageously circular and metallic housing part 13 in cross section one-sided through the likewise metallic transducer membrane 17, for example through a Welded connection, hermetically sealed gas-tight.
- a thin, piezoceramic disc On the inside of the membrane 17 sits a thin, piezoceramic disc, which is connected to the membrane 17 by means of a electrically conductive adhesive connection is in a mechanically strong connection.
- This Piezo disk represents the electromechanical transducer element and thus the transducer / drive unit 19.
- the connecting element 18 from FIG. 1 is the flat one in this case Adhesive connection between the piezo disc and the membrane.
- the piezo disc is on the one hand on the internal electrode surface contacted (represented by a schematic Wire connection 16c).
- the piezo disk is contacted on the outer electrode surface over the metallic converter housing 14, since this via the conductive adhesive to the external electrode surface of the Piezo disk is electrically connected.
- the electrical connection between one of the two Connections 16a with the metallic housing 14 are made by a conductive Contacting element 16b.
- FIG. 3 shows a further suitable embodiment of the hearing aid converter 15 shown, in which the electromechanical transducer drive unit 19 on the electromagnetic principle.
- the converter 15 in turn has a converter housing 14 with a preferably cylindrical and mechanically rigid housing part 13, on its one end face, the preferably circular, bendable membrane 17 is hermetically sealed.
- the transducer membrane 17 With the transducer membrane 17 is on the inside and in the middle a rod-shaped permanent magnet 21 mechanically firmly connected to the low Air gap in a central central opening 22a of an electromagnetic toroid 22 protrudes and which forms the converter drive unit 19 together with the coil 22.
- the sink 22 (shown in FIG. 3 as an air coil) is mechanically fixed to the converter housing 14 connected and to the poles 16a of the hermetically sealed bushing 16 electrically connected.
- the magnet 21 When an AC voltage is applied to the coil 22, the magnet 21 experiences one dynamic deflection perpendicular to the membrane plane and displaces the membrane 17 thus to mechanical bending vibrations around the rest position. This in turn leads to the desired sound radiation to the outside.
- phase response up to the first resonance frequency 23 remains flat; that is, there are no phase shifts, which also contributes significantly to the unadulterated reproduction of the amplified audio signal and thus to the overall transmission quality of the hearing aid.
- the transducer 15 is preferably arranged in a housing 12 of the hearing aid in such a way that it is located on the housing area facing the ear canal. 5 are exemplary the installation and use of the converter described in one shown schematically in total with 11 in-the-ear hearing aid. That with the hearing aid housing 12 provided in-the-ear hearing aid 11 sits in a known manner in the Concha of the outer ear 5. Sound passes through a Sound entry opening 55 into the hearing aid 11 and is inserted into a by means of a microphone 60 electrical signal converted. This signal is in an electronic unit 65 edited and reinforced. The hearing aid 11 is powered by a battery 70 with electrical Operating energy supplied.
- the processed and amplified signal is the converter 15th supplied with the transducer membrane 17 directly in the ear canal 30 facing end of the housing 12 of the in-the-ear hearing aid 11 is arranged.
- the generated by the transducer membrane 17, amplified sound signal is directly in the Ear canal 30 emitted. It vibrates the eardrum 35, which leads to a Lead auditory impression.
- the hearing aid 11 sits acoustically as close as possible in the auditory canal 30, the front transducer 15 emitted sound signal into an approximate acoustic Pressure chamber fed by the residual volume of the ear canal and the Eardrum is formed.
- the sound pressure level generated in the auditory canal 30 is also frequency-independent frequency-independent and with low ripple as required.
- the hearing aid housing 12 of the Hearing aid 11 seals tightly and the transducer 15 itself through the transducer membrane 17th is hermetically sealed, no dirt or ear wax can escape from the Ear canal 30 penetrate into hearing aid 11 or transducer 15.
- Against humidity is basically the converter 15 due to the hermetically gastight embodiment protected.
- the transducer membrane 17 can be wiped with damp media can be easily cleaned.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 show the possible installation of the transducer 15 in a behind-the-ear hearing device (BTE) 10 shown schematically.
- BTE behind-the-ear hearing device
- the principally necessary components 55, 60, 65 and 70 correspond to those of the embodiment of FIG. 5.
- Die Transducer membrane 17 of transducer 15, which in turn is at the end of hearing aid housing 12 is arranged, in this case the acoustic signal radiates into an open channel Carrying hook 20.
- a sheathing line hose 50 is mechanical on these carrying hooks 20 connected, which leads the amplified sound signal to the ear canal. This is in Fig. 6 shown schematically.
- the formwork line hose 50 opens into a mostly individual shaped earmold 25 (earmold) that is as acoustically tight as possible in the inlet opening of the ear canal sits.
- the sound signal is transmitted through a hole in the otoplastic 25 the ear canal behind and the eardrum.
- FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment of a behind-the-ear hearing device 10 under Use of the present converter type is shown schematically.
- the converter 15 itself is housed in the earmold 25, which in its design known earmolds of a behind-the-ear hearing aid or the shape of a housing In-the-ear device corresponds to the individual anatomical conditions of the Outer ear 5 is adjusted.
- the transducer 15 is inserted into the earmold 25 that the sound-emitting transducer membrane 17 again at the outer end of the fitting 25 lies, which faces the ear canal 30 and thus the eardrum 35.
- the line 40 in one is advantageous mechanical lead piece 45 out, which is conveniently made of plastic and is geometrically permanently deformable to allow individual adaptation to the outer ear anatomy to enable.
- Another practical, advantageous embodiment of this type of supply line can consist in that the lead piece 45 is not connected to the hearing device 10 and / or the converter 15 is mechanically and electrically firmly connected, but detachable plug connections 46 having. In the event of a possibly necessary replacement, you can then simply Only the transducer 15, or the transducer 15 and the earmold 25, or only that Supply piece 45 or all components are replaced.
- the detachable plug connections 46 can in a particularly advantageous manner in the EP-A-0 811 397 known manner.
- FIG. 8 The embodiment described with reference to FIG. 8 has compared to that in FIGS. 6 and 7 Form shown the advantage that the transducer 15, the processed sound signal as in 5 radiates directly into the auditory canal 30 and thus the known acoustic defects of a supply hose 50 (see FIG. 6) avoided become. Nevertheless, the advantage of a behind-the-ear design with a larger one remains Volume for the electronic signal processing unit 65 and the corresponding Battery 70 received.
- FIGS. 9 to 11 show examples of possible implementation variants of the electronic signal processing of a hearing aid using the described Converter 15 shown.
- the hearing aid includes the microphone 60 which electronic unit 65, which processes and amplifies the microphone signal, the battery 70 to energize the entire hearing aid, an external, wireless or wired unit 67, with the system-related and patient-specific (Adjustment) parameters in the hearing aid changed analog or digital and long-term stable can be stored, as well as the described hearing aid converter 15.
- Different is the arrangement of the electronic in Figures 9, 10 and 11 Converter driver 66. As described, this unit 66 is an adaptive electronic Interface between the actual hearing aid electronics 65 and the electromechanical Converter drive unit 19 is provided in converter 15.
- the converter driver 66 is part of the signal processing electronics 65 of the hearing aid. For example, it is in an electronic circuit Integrated chip level.
- the driver unit 66 is neither within the signal processing electronics 65 of the hearing aid still in the converter 15, but it is connected between these two units.
- This implementation variant can mean that the driver electronics 66 is implemented and integrated as a separate chip and together with the signal processing hearing aid electronics 65 according to the applied microelectronic construction technology within the hearing aid is housed.
- Another implementation variant according to FIG. 10 can consist in that the converter driver circuit 66 is outside the behind-the-ear or in-the-ear hearing aid 10 or 11 and the converter 15 is positioned and for service reasons the two modules hearing aid and transducer via suitable mechanical / electrical Connector is connected. This variant comes for example for the hearing aid arrangement corresponding to FIG. 8.
- the electronic converter driver 66 contains all the necessary electronic ones and mechanical components that are required to meet the current application a behind-the-ear or in-the-ear hearing aid depending on the requirement selected electromechanical drive principle of the converter 15 to satisfy.
- These can be other audio amplifiers, DC / DC converters of all kinds electronic realizations (among other things, known switch-capacitor converter, inductor-based switching regulators etc.), impedance converters, level limiting Elements and other components that, for example, electromagnetic compatibility serve.
- an integrating component can be in the driver unit 66 to be included, for example, a piezoelectric transducer 15 according to FIG digital, pulse width modulated signal processing output stage without a D / A converter to be able to connect fully digital hearing aids.
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- Neurosurgery (AREA)
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- Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)
- Headphones And Earphones (AREA)
- Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
- Die Lautsprecher (Hörer) der überwiegenden Mehrheit aller Hörgeräte beruhen aus Gründen des elektrischen Wirkungsgrades und der daraus resultierenden Optimierung der Batterielebensdauer auf dem elektromagnetischen Wandlungsprinzip. Daraus folgt ein unvermeidliches Auftreten nichtlinearer Verzerrungen insbesondere bei hohen Wandlerströmen und zugehörigen Ausgangspegeln, die zu Lasten der übertragenen Klangqualität gehen.
- Weiterhin liegt die erste mechanische Resonanzfrequenz dieser Wandler meist in der Mitte des spektralen Übertragungsbereiches; daraus und aus weiteren physikalischen und konstruktionsbedingten Gründen resultiert ein nicht ebener Frequenzgang und damit eine Welligkeit des Ausgangsschalldruckpegels. Durch diese Resonanzen innerhalb des Übertragungsbereiches sind prinzipiell auch Phasendrehungen bedingt; beide Aspekte tragen zur Minderung der Übertragungsgüte bei.
- Die Wandler (Hörer) sind aufgrund des zu übertragenden akustischen Schallsignals
mechanisch ausgangsseitig
- Insbesondere bei den In-dem-Ohr-Geräten führt aufgrund der örtlichen Anordnung des Hörers im äußeren oder (bei maximal miniaturisierten Geräten) inneren Gehörgang die Verschmutzung des akustischen Zugangskanals durch Ohrenschmalz, der das Produkt eines natürlichen Reinigungsprozesses des Gehörgangs ist, zu Beinträchtigungen bzw. Ausfällen des Hörers und damit des Hörgerätes.
- Fig. 1
- einen schematischen Längsschnitt, der den prinzipiellen Aufbau eines erfindungsgemäßen Hörgerätewandlers erkennen läßt;
- Fig. 2
- einen schematischen Längsschnitt eines Hörgerätewandlers mit piezoelektrischer Antriebseinheit;
- Fig. 3
- einen schematischen Längsschnitt eines Hörgerätewandlers mit elektromagnetischer Antriebseinheit,
- Fig. 4
- ein Beispiel für die Mittelpunktsauslenkung der Wandlermembran eines erfindungsgemäßen Hörgerätewandlers über der Frequenz;
- Fig. 5
- schematisch ein mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Hörgerätewandler ausgestattetes In-dem-Ohr-Hörgerät;
- Fign. 6 und 7
- schematisch ein mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Hörgerätewandler ausgestattetes Hinter-dem-Ohr-Hörgerät;
- Fig. 8
- schematisch eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform eines mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Hörgerätewandler ausgestatteten Hinter-dem-Ohr-Hörgerätes; sowie
- Fign. 9 bis 11
- drei Ausführungsbeispiele für die elektronische Signalaufbereitung von erfindungsgemäßen Hörgeräten.
Claims (43)
- Elektroakustischer Wandler für Hörgeräte, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in einem allseitig hermetisch gasdichten Gehäuse (14), dessen eine Wandung als biegefähige Membran (17) ausgeführt ist, eine elektromechanische Wandler-Antriebseinheit (19) untergebracht ist, und daß die Wandler-Antriebseinheit mit der Gehäusemembran derart gekoppelt ist, daß ausgangsseitige mechanische Schwingungen der Wandler-Antriebseinheit von innen an die Gehäusemembran mechanisch direkt angekoppelt sind und dadurch die Membran zu Biegeschwingungen angeregt wird, die eine Schallabstrahlung außerhalb des Wandlergehäuses bewirken.
- Wandler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die in dem Wandlergehäuse (14) untergebrachte elektromechanische Wandler-Antriebseinheit (19) auf dem elektromagnetischen, elektrodynamischen, dielektrischen, piezoelektrischen oder magnetostriktiven Wandlerprinzip basiert.
- Wandler nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Wandlergehäuse (14) zylinderförmig, insbesondere kreiszylindrisch, gestaltet ist.
- Wandler nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die schallabstrahlende Wandlermembran (17) kreisförmig ausgebildet ist.
- Wandler nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Wandlergehäuse (14) ein einseitig offenes Gehäuseteil (13) aufweist, dessen offene Seite von der Wandlermembran (17) hermetisch gasdicht verschlossen ist.
- Wandler nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuseteil (13) metallisch ausgeführt ist.
- Wandler nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wandlermembran (17) metallisch ausgeführt ist.
- Wandler nach Ansprüchen 6 und 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuseteil (13) und/oder die Wandlermembran (17) aus einem nichtkorrosiven, rostfreien Metall, insbesondere Edelstahl, gefertigt sind.
- Wandler nach Ansprüchen 6 und 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuseteil (13) und/oder die Wandlermembran (17) aus einem nichtkorrosiven, rostfreien und besonders körperverträglichen Metall, insbesondere Titan, Platin, Niob, Tantal oder deren Legierungen, gefertigt sind.
- Wandler nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuseteil (13) mit einer hermetisch gasdichten elektrischen Gehäusedurchführung (16) versehen ist.
- Wandler nach Ansprüchen 6 und 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gehäusedurchführung (16) mindestens einpolig ist und das Massepotential auf dem Gehäuseteil (13) liegt.
- Wandler nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gehäusedurchführung (16) auf gasdicht verlöteten Metall-Keramik-Verbindungen basiert.
- Wandler nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gehäusedurchführung (16) als Isolator eine Aluminium-Oxid-Keramik und als elektrischen Durchführungsleiter mindestens einen Platin-Iridium-Draht aufweist.
- Wandler nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als elektromechanische Wandler-Antriebseinheit (19) eine vorzugsweise kreisförmig ausgebildete piezoelektrische Keramikscheibe vorgesehen ist, die auf die Innenseite der Wandlermembran (17) als elektromechanisch aktives Element aufgebracht ist und zusammen mit der Wandlermembran ein elektromechanisch aktives Heteromorph-Verbundelement darstellt.
- Wandler nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die piezoelektrische Keramikscheibe (19) aus Blei-Zirkonat-Titanat besteht.
- Wandler nach Anspruch 14 oder 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dicke der Wandlermembran (17) und die Dicke der piezoelektrischen Keramikscheibe (19) annähernd gleich groß sind und im Bereich von 0,025 mm bis 0,15 mm liegen.
- Wandler nach einem der Ansprüche 14 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wandlermembran (17) und die piezoelektrische Keramikscheibe (19) annähernd den gleichen E-Modul haben.
- Wandler nach einem der Ansprüche 14 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sowohl die Wandlermembran (17) als auch das Gehäuseteil (13) elektrisch leitend sind, daß die piezoelektrische Keramikscheibe (19) mit der Wandlermembran durch eine elektrisch leitfähige Verklebung elektrisch leitend verbunden ist, und daß das Gehäuseteil einen von mindestens zwei elektrischen Wandleranschlüssen (16a) bildet.
- Wandler nach einem der Ansprüche 14 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Radius der Wandlermembran (17) um den Faktor 1,2 bis 2,0, vorzugsweise einen Faktor von etwa 1,4, größer ist als der Radius der piezoelektrischen Keramikscheibe (19).
- Wandler nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektromechanische Wandler-Antriebseinheit (19) als Elektromagnetanordnung (21, 22) ausgebildet ist, die ein mit Bezug auf des Wandlergehäuse (14) fixiertes Bauteil (22) sowie ein schwingfähiges Bauteil (21) aufweist, das mit der Innenseite der Wandlermembran (17) gekoppelt ist.
- Wandler nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das schwingfähige Bauteil (21) im wesentlichen im Zentrum der Wandlermembran (17) befestigt ist.
- Wandler nach Anspruch 20 oder 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mit der Innenseite der Wandlermembran (17) ein das schwingfähige Bauteil bildender Permanentmagnet (21) verbunden ist und daß eine elektromagnetische Spule (22) in dem Wandlergehäuse (14) fest angebracht ist, um den Permanentmagneten in Schwingungen zu versetzen.
- Wandler nach Anspruch 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Permanentmagnet (21) als Magnetstift ausgebildet ist und die Spule (22) eine Ringspule mit einer Mittelöffnung (22a) ist, in welche der Magnetstift eintaucht.
- Wandler nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß durch Wahl der mechanischen Eigenschaften der Wandlermembran (17) und der Wandler-Antriebseinheit (19) das diese Bauteile umfassende schwingfähige System so abgestimmt ist, daß die erste mechanische Resonanzfrequenz des gesamten Wandlers (15) spektral am oberen Ende des Übertragungsbereiches liegt.
- Wandler nach Anspruch 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erste mechanische Resonanzfrequenz des gesamten Wandlers (15) im Bereich von 4 bis 12 kHz, insbesondere bei etwa 10 kHz, liegt.
- Wandler nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in dem Wandlergehäuse (14) zusätzlich ein Wandlertreiber (66) untergebracht ist.
- Wandler nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wandler-Antriebseinheit (19) elektrisch so angesteuert ist, daß die Auslenkung der Wandlermembran (17) bis zur ersten Resonanzfrequenz frequenzunabhängig eingeprägt ist.
- Hörgerät, das als ausgangsseitigen Schallwandler einen elektroakustischen Wandler (15) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche aufweist.
- Hörgerät nach Anspruch 28, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als Hinter-dem-Ohr-Gerät (10), In-dem-Ohr-Gerät (11) oder Brillengerät ausgebildet ist.
- Hörgerät nach Anspruch 28 oder 29, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß unabhängig vom Hörgerätetyp der elektroakustische Wandler (15) zusammen mit einem Mikrofon (60), einer Stromversorgungsquelle (70), signalverarbeitenden und -verstärkenden Elementen (65, 66) sowie allen etwaigen weiteren für eine Hörgerätefunktion notwendigen Bauteilen in einem Hörgerätegehäuse (12) untergebracht ist.
- Hörgerät nach Anspruch 28 oder 29, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß unabhängig vom Hörgerätetyp der elektroakustische Wandler (15) in einem separaten Gehäuse untergebracht und durch eine mindestens zweipolige elektrische Leitung (40) mit dem Hörgerät (10, 11) verbunden ist, das ein Mikrofon (60), eine Stromversorgungsquelle (70), signalverarbeitende und -verstärkende Elemente (65, 66) sowie alle etwaigen weiteren für eine Hörgerätefunktion notwendigen Bauteile enthält.
- Hörgerät nach Anspruch 31, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das separate Gehäuse, das den elektroakustischen Wandler (15) enthält, in ein Ohrpaßstück (25) integriert ist.
- Hörgerät nach Anspruch 32, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das den elektroakustischen Wandler (15) enthaltende Ohrpaßstück (25) mit einem Hinter-dem-Ohr-Hörgerät (10) über ein flexibel verformbares Koppelelement (45) mechanisch verbunden ist, das eine individuelle Anpassung an die Anatomie des Außenohres gestattet und die elektrische Zuleitung (40) zum Wandler enthält.
- Hörgerät nach einem der Ansprüche 28 bis 33, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Einbau des elektroakustischen Wandlers (15) in ein Ohrpaßstück (25) oder direkt in ein In-dem-Ohr-Gerät (11) das Wandlergehäuse (14) so angeordnet ist, daß die Wandlermembran (17) mindestens näherungsweise bündig mit dem Bereich des Ohrpaßstückes oder des In-dem-Ohr-Gerät-Gehäuses abschließt, der dem Gehörgang zugewandt ist.
- Hörgerät nach einem der Ansprüche 28 bis 33, gekennzeichnet durch einen elektronischen Wandlertreiber (66), welcher die signalverarbeitende Elektronik des Hörgerätes (10, 11) an das gewählte elektromechanische Prinzip der wandlerinternen Wandler-Antriebseinheit (19) den jeweiligen Zielsetzungen des Ausgangspegels und Frequenzbereiches entsprechend anpaßt.
- Hörgerät nach Anspruch 35, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Hörgerät (10, 11) volldigital ausgelegt ist und eine pulsweitenmodulierte Ausgangsstufe aufweist, und daß der Wandlertreiber (66) für den Anschluß der pulsweitenmodulierten Ausgangsstufe eine integrierende Funktion hat.
- Hörgerät nach Anspruch 35 oder 36, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wandlertreiber (66) in der signalverarbeitenden Elektronik (65) des Hörgerätes (10, 11) mitintegriert ist.
- Hörgerät nach Anspruch 35 oder 36, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wandlertreiber (66) ein eigenes elektronisches Modul ist.
- Hörgerät nach Anspruch 38, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Treibermodul (66) mit in dem Hörgerätegehäuse (12) untergebracht ist.
- Hörgerät nach Anspruch 38, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Treibermodul (66) zwischen dem Hörgerät und dem elektroakustischen Wandler (15) angeordnet ist.
- Hörgerät nach Anspruch 38, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Treibermodul (66) in dem Wandlergehäuse (14) untergebracht ist.
- Hörgerät nach Anspruch 40 oder 41, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur elektrischen Versorgung des Treibermoduls (66) vom Hörgerät (10, 11) aus nach dem Prinzip der Phantomspeisung die elektrische Verbindung zwischen der Hörgeräteelektronik (65) und dem Treibermodul zweipolig ist und einer signalbeinhaltenden Wechselspannung eine Gleichspannung überlagert ist, die das Treibermodul versorgt.
- Hörgerät nach einem der Ansprüche 40 bis 42, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Treibermodul (66) über lösbare mechanische bzw. elektrische Steckverbindungen mit dem Hörgerät (10, 11) bzw. dem elektroakustischen Wandler (15) verbunden ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19858399A DE19858399C2 (de) | 1998-12-17 | 1998-12-17 | Elektroakustischer Wandler für Hörgeräte zur Luftschallabstrahlung in den äußeren Gehörgang |
DE19858399 | 1998-12-17 |
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EP1011295A2 true EP1011295A2 (de) | 2000-06-21 |
EP1011295A3 EP1011295A3 (de) | 2006-05-24 |
EP1011295B1 EP1011295B1 (de) | 2011-03-09 |
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EP99122696A Expired - Lifetime EP1011295B1 (de) | 1998-12-17 | 1999-11-15 | Hermetisch dichter Hörgerätewandler und Hörgeräte mit diesem Wandler |
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US (1) | US6600825B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1011295B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE501602T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19858399C2 (de) |
DK (1) | DK1011295T3 (de) |
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EP1439737A3 (de) * | 2003-01-15 | 2009-10-14 | Med-El Elektromedizinische Geräte Ges.m.b.h. | Implantierbarer elektromechanischer Wandler |
WO2010034337A1 (en) * | 2008-09-23 | 2010-04-01 | Phonak Ag | Hearing system and method for operating such a system |
EP1522208B1 (de) * | 2002-06-21 | 2010-09-01 | Mxm | Teilplantierbares hörhilfegerät |
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US7751580B2 (en) * | 2002-09-10 | 2010-07-06 | Auditory Licensing Company, Llc | Open ear hearing aid system |
DE10344032A1 (de) * | 2003-09-23 | 2005-06-23 | Schlegel, Udo D. | Hörsystem verwendbar für schwerhörige Personen |
DE102004036860B3 (de) * | 2004-07-29 | 2006-01-19 | Bruckhoff Apparatebau Gmbh | Hörgerät und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
DE102004049010A1 (de) | 2004-10-05 | 2006-04-20 | Bruckhoff Apparatebau Gmbh | Hörgerät |
DE102004055753A1 (de) | 2004-11-18 | 2006-06-01 | Siemens Audiologische Technik Gmbh | Hörgerät und entsprechendes Verfahren zum Einsetzen des Hörgeräts |
DE102005008319B3 (de) * | 2005-02-23 | 2006-08-17 | Siemens Audiologische Technik Gmbh | Hörvorrichtung zum Tragen am Ohr |
WO2007011806A2 (en) * | 2005-07-18 | 2007-01-25 | Soundquest, Inc. | Behind-the-ear auditory device |
US20070127757A2 (en) * | 2005-07-18 | 2007-06-07 | Soundquest, Inc. | Behind-The-Ear-Auditory Device |
ITBS20070113A1 (it) * | 2007-07-30 | 2009-01-31 | Sonoelettronica Di Angeloni An | Protesi acustica |
DE102009015758A1 (de) * | 2009-04-01 | 2010-06-02 | Siemens Medical Instruments Pte. Ltd. | Hörhilfegerät |
AU2010206088A1 (en) * | 2009-09-21 | 2011-04-07 | Oticon A/S | A listening device with a rechargeable energy source adapted for being charged through an ITE-unit or a connector connectable to a BTE-unit |
US8958590B2 (en) * | 2009-09-21 | 2015-02-17 | Oticon A/S | Listening device with a rechargeable energy source adapted for being charged through an ITE-unit, or a connector connectable to, or a connector of, a BTE-unit |
DE102013005105A1 (de) * | 2013-03-23 | 2014-09-25 | Bernhard Holldack | Schallwandler für die Signaltonerzeugung in industriellen Anwendungen und für die Fahrzeugkommunikation als Lautsprecher. |
US10887706B2 (en) | 2015-06-29 | 2021-01-05 | Hear-Wear Technologies LLC | Transducer modules for auditory communication devices and auditory communication devices |
US10477308B2 (en) | 2016-12-30 | 2019-11-12 | Sonion Nederland B.V. | Circuit and a receiver comprising the circuit |
US10674244B2 (en) * | 2018-02-21 | 2020-06-02 | Bose Corporation | Audio device |
EP3739904A1 (de) * | 2019-05-14 | 2020-11-18 | FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Akustisches biegewandlersystem und akustische vorrichtung |
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DE4221866A1 (de) * | 1992-07-03 | 1994-01-05 | Guenter Hortmann | Hörgerät zur Anregung des Innenohres |
EP0590903A1 (de) * | 1992-09-30 | 1994-04-06 | Exar Corporation | Ausgangsbegrenzer für einen Klasse-D BICMOS-Hörgeräteausgangsverstärker |
US5624376A (en) * | 1993-07-01 | 1997-04-29 | Symphonix Devices, Inc. | Implantable and external hearing systems having a floating mass transducer |
EP0831673A2 (de) * | 1996-09-18 | 1998-03-25 | IMPLEX GmbH Spezialhörgeräte | Implantierbares Mikrofon |
EP0984663A2 (de) * | 1998-09-03 | 2000-03-08 | IMPLEX GmbH Spezialhörgeräte | Wandleranordnung für teil- oder vollimplantierbare Höhrgeräte |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1522208B1 (de) * | 2002-06-21 | 2010-09-01 | Mxm | Teilplantierbares hörhilfegerät |
EP1439737A3 (de) * | 2003-01-15 | 2009-10-14 | Med-El Elektromedizinische Geräte Ges.m.b.h. | Implantierbarer elektromechanischer Wandler |
WO2010034337A1 (en) * | 2008-09-23 | 2010-04-01 | Phonak Ag | Hearing system and method for operating such a system |
US8873783B2 (en) | 2010-03-19 | 2014-10-28 | Advanced Bionics Ag | Waterproof acoustic element enclosures and apparatus including the same |
US9204229B2 (en) | 2010-03-19 | 2015-12-01 | Advanced Bionics Ag | Waterproof acoustic element enclosures and apparatus including the same |
US9132270B2 (en) | 2011-01-18 | 2015-09-15 | Advanced Bionics Ag | Moisture resistant headpieces and implantable cochlear stimulation systems including the same |
US9973867B2 (en) | 2011-01-18 | 2018-05-15 | Advanced Bionics Ag | Moisture resistant headpieces and implantable cochlear stimulation systems including the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1011295B1 (de) | 2011-03-09 |
DE19858399C2 (de) | 2003-02-20 |
DK1011295T3 (da) | 2011-06-06 |
DE19858399A1 (de) | 2000-07-06 |
EP1011295A3 (de) | 2006-05-24 |
ATE501602T1 (de) | 2011-03-15 |
US6600825B1 (en) | 2003-07-29 |
DE59915256D1 (de) | 2011-04-21 |
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