Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
  • B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
  • B32B3/14—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a face layer formed of separate pieces of material which are juxtaposed side-by-side
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
  • B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
  • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
  • B32B3/30—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
  • B65D81/24—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants
  • B65D81/26—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants with provision for draining away, or absorbing, or removing by ventilation, fluids, e.g. exuded by contents; Applications of corrosion inhibitors or desiccators
  • B65D81/264—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants with provision for draining away, or absorbing, or removing by ventilation, fluids, e.g. exuded by contents; Applications of corrosion inhibitors or desiccators for absorbing liquids
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/70—Other properties
  • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/70—Other properties
  • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
  • B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable

Definitions

• the present invention relates to sheet materials which are suitable for protecting a supporting surface from various articles and/or substances placed thereon and vice-versa.
• the present invention further relates to such sheet materials which are also capable of absorbing various liquids which may be carried by or exuded from such various articles and/or substances and optionally neutralizing noxious or undesirable properties of such fluids.
• Sheet-like materials for use in protecting objects or substances from a supporting surface, and/or protecting supporting surfaces from objects or substances, are well known in the art. Such materials can be utilized to provide a permanent form of protection, but most commonly are situation- or task-oriented and are only required or utilized for a limited period of time and then disposed of.
• Protective sheet materials in this scenario may provide dual protective functions in protecting the food item from soiling and other contamination from a supporting surface such as a countertop as well as protecting the countertop from soiling due to blood, water, and other fluids and substances present on the surface of the food item.
• Protective sheet materials may also protect a supporting surface from physical damage such as impact from a sharp object or cutting device such as a knife or cleaver used in such food preparation.
• Protective sheet materials intended for use in these environments often typically comprise a sheet of an absorbent paper-type product which may include an impervious backing layer or coating. Such materials are relatively inexpensive and intended for a relative short period of usage followed by disposal. While such materials do form an intervening barrier between a substance or object and a supporting surface, their performance is less than desirable since the substance or object remains in continuous contact with the absorbent material which has absorbed fluids carried by or exuded from the object or substance placed thereon. Moreover, such materials are also comparatively susceptible to damage from sharp objects or cutting devices and in turn do not typically provide adequate protection to the supporting surface from these types of potential damage.
• the present invention provides a multi-purpose sheet material comprising an absorbent layer having opposing first and second surfaces, a substantially non-absorbent, substantially fluid-impervious standoff system associated with and extending transversely across the first surface, and a substantially fluid-impervious barrier layer substantially continuously covering the second surface.
• the standoff system may comprise a plurality of discrete standoff elements or may comprise a continuous standoff network, and may be formed in any desired configuration.
• Optional adhesive layers or elements on the surface of the barrier layer facing a supporting surface may provide for enhanced stability in use.
• the standoff system may be unitarily formed with or directly contacting the barrier layer such that forces applied to the standoff system are transmitted to the barrier layer, bypassing the absorbent layer.
• Figure 1 is a partially-segmented perspective view of an embodiment of a multipurpose absorbent and protective sheet material according to the present invention
• Figure 2 is a partially-segmented perspective view of another embodiment of a multi-purpose absorbent and protective sheet material according to the present invention.
• Figure 3 is a partially-segmented perspective view of another embodiment of a multi-purpose absorbent and protective sheet material according to the present invention.
• Figure 4 is a partially-segmented perspective view of another embodiment of a multi-purpose absorbent and protective sheet material according to the present invention.
• Figure 5 is a partially-segmented perspective view of another embodiment of a multi-purpose absorbent and protective sheet material according to the present invention.
• Figure 6 is a partially-segmented perspective view of another embodiment of a multi-purpose absorbent and protective sheet material according to the present invention.
• Figure 7 is a partially-segmented perspective view of another embodiment of a multi-purpose absorbent and protective sheet material according to the present invention.
• Figure 8 is a partially-segmented perspective view of another embodiment of a multi-purpose absorbent and protective sheet material according to the present invention.
• Figure 9 is a partially-segmented perspective view of another embodiment of a multi-purpose absorbent and protective sheet material according to the present invention.
• Figure 10 is a partially-segmented perspective view of another embodiment of a multi-purpose absorbent and protective sheet material according to the present invention.
• FIG. 1 depicts one embodiment of a multi-purpose sheet material 10 in accordance with the present invention.
• Sheet material 10 includes a fluid absorbent layer 20, a fluid-impervious backing layer 30, and a standoff system comprising a plurality of individual standoff strips 40.
• Sheet material 10 is shown in an orientation suitable for placement upon a supporting surface (not shown), such as a countertop or table, with the backing layer 30 in contact with the supporting surface and the standoff strips facing outwardly from the supporting surface.
• Sheet material 10 in the embodiment shown, also includes an optional adhesive system 35 on the outwardly-facing surface of the barrier or backing layer 30 which would be placed in contact with a supporting surface.
• the sheet material 10 comprises a generally planar sheet-like structure of the desired planar dimensions and having two opposed principal surfaces which are likewise substantially planar. "Layers" of such a sheet material are also typically substantially planar and/or define planes of contacting surfaces.
• Backing layer 30 fully covers one surface of the absorbent layer 20, such that any fluids contained therein cannot pass through the backing layer 30 and onto any supporting surface upon which the sheet material 10 is placed. Standoff strips 40 extend across the surface of the absorbent layer 20 opposite from the backing layer 30, in the embodiment shown forming generally parallel lines.
• the absorbent layer may be formed from any material or materials suitable for absorbing and/or containing any fluid(s) of interest. Suitable materials include fibrous webs or sheets of material formed from fibers of natural (cellulosic, etc.) and/or synthetic origin, including hollow fibers and capillary channel fibers, absorbent polymeric foams, absorbent polymeric gelling materials, hydrogels, natural starches and gums, etc. Materials of particular interest include cellulosic substrates such as paperboard.
• the absorbent layer may comprise one monolithic layer of material or may comprise a laminate structure having multiple layers of the same or diverse composition. In addition, the absorbent layer may comprise a carrier web that itself may or may not be absorbent, but may carry an absorbent material.
• the role of the absorbent layer in the sheet materials of the present invention is to absorb and sequester fluids such that the sheet material remains functional, supportive, and protective even after acquisition of some fluids has taken place and the object or substance placed upon the standoff system remains separated from fluids residing with the absorbent layer.
• the backing layer may be formed from any material or materials suitable for forming a continuous layer or coating on a surface of the absorbent layer which is impervious to fluids of interest. Suitable materials include polymeric films bonded or laminated to the absorbent layer, thermoplastic resins directly cast or extruded onto the absorbent layer, metallic foils, or other impervious coatings printed, sprayed, or otherwise topically applied, etc.
• the backing layer may comprise one monolithic layer of material or may comprise a laminate structure having multiple layers of the same or diverse composition.
• the standoff strips may be formed from any material or materials suitable for forming strips of the desired size, shape, and spacing.
• the standoff strips are substantially non-absorbent and substantially impervious to the fluid(s) of interest.
• the standoff strips are formed from a hydrophobic material which tends to repel the fluids of interest rather than being wetted by them.
• Suitable materials include strips of polymeric film bonded or laminated to the absorbent layer, thermoplastic, thermoset, or crosslinked resins or thermoset foams directly cast or extruded onto the absorbent layer, strips of coated paper or cardboard bonded to the absorbent layer by adhesives or the like, etc.
• the standoff strips may comprise one monolithic layer of material or may comprise a laminate structure having multiple layers of the same or diverse composition.
• Standoff systems may have any desired caliper suitable for a particular application. Calipers of between about 1.5 and about 100 mils have proven suitable for use. Standoff widths of between about 0.010 and about 0.150 inches have proven suitable, as have standoff spacings (between adjacent standoff elements or members) of between about 0.030 and about 0.500 inches. While the standoff system may comprise elements of differing size, shape, and/or caliper, or elements which vary in caliper, it is presently preferred that the standoff system provide a substantially planar surface which substantially parallels the major plane of the sheet material.
• the optional adhesive system 35 may comprise a zonal, patterned, discrete, or continuous coating or layer of a pressure sensitive adhesive or any other adhesive system known in the art to provide for an adhesive force between the sheet material 10 and a supporting surface. This optional feature provides additional lateral stability over and above the coefficient of friction between the backing layer and the supporting surface. Release liners or other configurations may be desired depending upon the tack of the adhesive and/or the construction of the sheet material. Other configurations may utilize a non-adherent but comparatively high coefficient of friction material which resists sliding upon most typical supporting surfaces.
• One approach of interest is the construction of a selectively-activatible adhesive system integrally with the backing layer which activates to render the outer surface of the backing layer tacky when compressed.
• Such materials comprise a polymeric or other sheet material which is embossed/debossed to form a pattern of raised "dimples" on at least one surface which serve as stand-offs to prevent a substance (adhesive) therebetween or therein from contacting external surfaces until the stand-offs are deformed to render the structure more two-dimensional.
• Representative structures include those disclosed in commonly assigned, co-pending (allowed) U.S. Patent Application Serial Nos.
• the sheet material is placed upon a supporting surface such as a countertop, tabletop, or floor surface and an object or substance is placed thereon.
• the object or substance may be a food item or any other item of interest which is to be manipulated or otherwise handled or treated during the course of any operation.
• the sheet material could also be utilized for storage of an object to collect residual fluids.
• the object or substance is supported by the standoff strips, which prevent the object or substance from substantially directly contacting the absorbent layer and thus becoming contaminated or wetted by fluids contained therein. After use or when the absorbent layer has become sufficiently contaminated or saturated with fluids, the sheet material may be disposed of in a responsible manner.
• the sheet material is preferably sufficiently flexible and conformable such that it will conform to somewhat irregular or profiled supporting surfaces.
• the absorbent layer or any other elements of the sheet material of the present invention may contain or incorporate certain active materials which act upon the object or substance placed upon the sheet material, and/or upon the fluids carried by or exuded from the object or substance.
• actives may comprise agents intended to neutralize, sequester, disinfect, or otherwise modify the properties of solid or liquid materials or the atmospheric environment surrounding the sheet material during use.
• agents of interest would be those which modify the behavior of fluids such as aqueous fluids, blood-based fluids, oils, etc.
• Typical properties which may be desirable for certain applications are deodorant properties, antimicrobial properties, coagulating properties, etc.
• Exemplary materials include baking soda, fibrinogen, and other materials in suitable form for inclusion.
• a color-changing feature to the protective sheet to indicate a change in condition of the sheet occurring during use.
• a color-changing composition in the sheet whereby the absorbent layer changes color when it absorbs fluid.
• colors of respective sheet elements may be selected such that the standoff system and absorbent layer are initially the same color, such as white, until the absorbent layer changes to a contrasting color, such as red.
• a food grade additive such as a powered, flavored drink mix commercially available under the brand name KoolAid® or other pigmented powder, either within or underneath the absorbent layer.
• the standoff system is designed such that the spacing between adjacent supporting strips, elements, or regions is sufficiently small such that the object or substance placed thereon is prevented from substantially contacting the absorbent layer under forces normally encountered in use.
• the standoff system is also preferably substantially deformation-resistant under such typical forces such that a separation between the substance or object and the underlying absorbent layer is maintained.
• Materials utilized to form the standoff system may additionally be resilient such that some slight degree of deformation may be encountered in use but that the deformation is temporary in nature and the standoff system returns to its substantially undeformed state when the externally-applied forces are removed from the substance or object.
• the sheet material 10 of Figure 1 When subjected to impact from a sharp object or cutting implement such as a knife having an elongated, substantially linear edge, the sheet material 10 of Figure 1 is preferably oriented such that the standoff strips 40 are positioned in a direction substantially perpendicular to the impacting edge. Such an orientation helps to ensure that the impacting edge will contact at least one, and preferably more than one, standoff strip to distribute the impact force and ensure that the impacting edge will not contact the comparatively more vulnerable absorbent layer and barrier layer underneath.
• the standoff system is preferably formed from a material which is durable in use, resilient, cut-resistant, and/or scuff/abrasion-resistant.
• Typical materials which are known in the art as exhibiting such properties may be utilized, including those which typically exhibit a high degree of toughness, interlocked molecular structure of comparatively high molecular weight material, and comparatively high coefficient of sliding friction.
• Suitable materials include polymeric materials, such as EVA, high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), polyvinyl choloride (PVC), plastisols, polypropylene (PP), and polyurethanes, densified paper materials, etc.
• Figure 2 depicts another embodiment of a sheet material 10 in accordance with the present invention.
• the standoff strips of the embodiment of Figure 1 are replaced by a continuous standoff network 50 to form a standoff system.
• the standoff network 50 may be unitarily formed or formed from an overlapping and intersecting pattern of discrete strips joined to one another to form a contiguous structure.
• the standoff system is similar to the system of Figure 1, but provides for omnidirectional protection from impacting edges such as knives or sharp objects. Accordingly, the sheet material 10 of Figure 2 may be oriented in any desired direction with regard to an impacting edge and yet provide protection for the absorbent layer and barrier layer from direct contact with such an edge.
• FIG. 3 Another embodiment of a sheet material 10 according to the present invention is shown in Figure 3.
• a plurality of discrete absorbent elements 60 replace the continuous absorbent layer 20 of the embodiments of Figures 1 and 2.
• Absorbent elements 60 comprise discrete deposits or members of an absorbent material such as the materials identified as being suitable for forming a continuous absorbent layer, and are associated with the spaces within the continuous standoff network 50. Accordingly, the surface formed by the surfaces of adjacent absorbent elements is periodically interrupted by the standoff system which extends outwardly therefrom. As shown in Figure 3, the standoff system is in direct contact with the barrier layer such that forces applied to the outer surface of the standoff system are transmitted to the barrier layer, bypassing the absorbent layer. Such a configuration therefore reduces the likelihood of fluid being forced from the absorbent layer onto the object or substance of interest.
• a compartmentalized absorbent material arrangement such as that of Figure 3 tends to confine fluids to the vicinity of initial fluid deposition, since migration of fluid between adjacent absorbent elements is effectively prevented by the impervious backing layer and the non-absorbent, impervious continuous standoff network. Although for some applications a compartmentalized absorbent material distribution may be desirable, it is presently preferred for most applications to utilize a continuous absorbent layer so as to provide for the maximum level of absorbency.
• Figure 4 depicts another embodiment of a sheet material 10 in accordance with the present invention which is generally similar to that of Figure 3, but in which the continuous standoff network 50 is integrally, and preferably unitarily, formed with the barrier layer 30.
• Such a configuration provides additional integrity and stability to the resulting overall structure by reducing the number of independent elements which may move relative to one another under the influence of external forces, particularly shear forces.
• the embodiment of Figure 4 also, as with that of Figure 3, ensures that forces applied to the outer surface of the standoff system are transmitted to the barrier layer, bypassing the absorbent layer.
• the standoff system comprises a continuous standoff network 50.
• the sheet material 10 of Figure 5 includes a continuous standoff network 50 which comprises a comparatively thin layer or structure which is superimposed upon a correspondingly- shaped supporting member 70.
• Supporting member 70 may be formed from the same material as the standoff network 50, the same material as the absorbent layer 20, or a different material than either adjoining element.
• a configuration such as that shown in Figure 5 permits the use of a thinner material for the standoff network, which may prove more economical, yet still provides the desired degree of standoff between the object or substance placed upon the sheet material and the absorbent layer via the supporting member 70.
• Figure 6 depicts another presently preferred embodiment of a sheet material 10 according to the present invention.
• the embodiment of Figure 6 is generally similar to that of Figure 5, but differs in that the supporting member for the comparatively thin standoff network 50 is integrally and unitarily formed with the absorbent layer 20 and takes the form of the profiled portion 25 of the absorbent layer 20.
• the profiled portion 25 has a planform within the plane of the sheet material which is substantially similar to that of the standoff network 50.
• a presently preferred process utilizes a profiled forming structure to form a fibrous, cellulose-based absorbent layer such as the processes disclosed in commonly-assigned U.S. Patents No.
• Figure 6 also illustrates a different shape of the continuous standoff network within the plane of the sheet material from the configurations shown in Figures 2-5.
• the continuous standoff network may be constructed in any desired configuration having sufficient open area for fluid acquisition into the absorbent layer.
• Figure 7 depicts a sheet material 10 according to the present invention having a plurality of discrete standoff elements 40 which may, if desired, be unitarily formed with the backing layer 30 and may formed in a solid or hollow configuration, as shown in Figure 7.
• the embodiment of Figure 8 comprises a sheet material 10 which includes a standoff system in the form of a plurality of discrete standoff elements 90 similar to those of Figure 7, but being unitarily formed from a cover sheet 80 which overlies the absorbent layer 20 on the side opposite from the backing layer 30.
• the cover sheet 80 and/or the standoff elements 90 are provided with a plurality of drainage apertures 100 of any desired shape, spacing, and arrangement.
• the absorbent layer comprises a comparatively planar layer which lies between the cover sheet and the backing layer.
• the standoff elements which as shown in Figure 8 may be hollow and unitarily formed from the cover sheet, empty and substantially non-supported internally.
• Figure 9 presents an alternative embodiment substantially similar to that of Figure 8 but wherein the hollow standoff elements 90 are filled with a portion of the absorbent layer 20 which extends upwardly into the hollow side of the standoff elements.
• Such a configuration provides for additional absorbent capacity beyond that provided by a substantially planar absorbent layer.
• Figure 10 illustrates another embodiment of a sheet material 10 in accordance with the present invention similar to that of Figures 8 and 9, but having the standoff system formed as a continuous standoff network via cover sheet 80 which includes depressions 95 rather than discrete standoff elements 90.
• Apertures 100 are provided as desired in the cover sheet and/or in the base of the depressions 95, which form natural collection points for fluids impinging upon the sheet material.
• Sheet materials in accordance with the present invention may be deployed in a wide variety of scenarios and be utilized for a wide variety of functions.
• Representative products made from such sheet materials and corresponding uses include, but are not limited to, place mats, food preparation mats, mats for draining washed or cooked food, floor mats, drawer and shelf liners, etc.
• Objects of interest may include food items such as cuts of meat, produce, baked goods, etc.
• Substances of interest would include substances having sufficient integrity to bridge the standoff system, such as cookie dough, etc.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
• Wrappers (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=26675917

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (21)

Families Citing this family (7)

Family Cites Families (12)

• 1998
  • 1998-08-10 SK SK263-2000A patent/SK2632000A3/sk unknown
  • 1998-08-10 IL IL13461398A patent/IL134613A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1998-08-10 AU AU84583/98A patent/AU737290B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1998-08-10 CA CA002301550A patent/CA2301550A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-08-10 HU HU0003530A patent/HU223501B1/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1998-08-10 CN CN98808513A patent/CN1116982C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1998-08-10 EP EP98935244A patent/EP1007350A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1998-08-10 BR BR9812000-0A patent/BR9812000A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1998-08-10 TR TR2000/00508T patent/TR200000508T2/xx unknown
  • 1998-08-10 JP JP2000507524A patent/JP2001514126A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 1998-08-10 PL PL98338900A patent/PL338900A1/xx unknown
  • 1998-08-10 WO PCT/IB1998/001218 patent/WO1999010164A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1998-08-10 KR KR1020007001972A patent/KR20010023335A/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 1998-08-10 ID IDW20000513A patent/ID25915A/id unknown
  • 1998-08-14 TW TW087113425A patent/TW375580B/zh active
  • 1998-08-24 PE PE1998000764A patent/PE50499A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1998-08-26 MY MYPI98003914A patent/MY115762A/en unknown
  • 1998-08-26 CO CO98048799A patent/CO4810386A1/es unknown
  • 1998-08-26 AR ARP980104251A patent/AR016641A1/es unknown
• 2000
  • 2000-02-24 NO NO20000905A patent/NO20000905L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2000-03-24 NZ NZ503590A patent/NZ503590A/en unknown

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