EP0989245B1 - Control device for an earth-moving machine - Google Patents

Control device for an earth-moving machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0989245B1
EP0989245B1 EP99420194A EP99420194A EP0989245B1 EP 0989245 B1 EP0989245 B1 EP 0989245B1 EP 99420194 A EP99420194 A EP 99420194A EP 99420194 A EP99420194 A EP 99420194A EP 0989245 B1 EP0989245 B1 EP 0989245B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
locking
console
control
control device
levers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99420194A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0989245A1 (en
Inventor
Henri Marchetta
Jacques Fournier
André Maslankiewicz
Roger Caillieret
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Volvo Compact Equipment SAS
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Volvo Compact Equipment SAS
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Publication date
Application filed by Volvo Compact Equipment SAS filed Critical Volvo Compact Equipment SAS
Publication of EP0989245A1 publication Critical patent/EP0989245A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0989245B1 publication Critical patent/EP0989245B1/en
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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/24Safety devices, e.g. for preventing overload
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2004Control mechanisms, e.g. control levers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of public works machinery. More specifically, it relates to an improvement of the control device prohibiting the unintentional actuation of the gear drive controls when the driver has left his driving position.
  • a public works machine is generally equipped with a self-propelled chassis and work equipment.
  • the driving position includes a number of controls to control the movement of the machine on the ground and the deployment and orientation of the work equipment.
  • the control device thus has a control circuit in translation of the self-propelled frame, actuated by the movement of articulated levers which can be in the form of manual manipulators, and / or pedals located at the floor of the driving position.
  • This control circuit actuates, by means of a set of linkages or cables, the control of the hydraulic propulsion motor (s) and the rotation of the various axles or tracks, possibly in a differentiated manner from one side to the other of the machine .
  • the driver has at his disposal a number of manipulators acting on the hydraulic circuit of the various cylinders mounted on the work equipment. These manipulators also allow, in the case where the machine has a pivoting turret, to rotate it relative to the self-propelled chassis.
  • the various manipulators controlling the hydraulic circuit of the work equipment and the turret are mounted on a console located laterally relative to the driver. When he wants to leave the seat of the driving position, he must pivot or retract the console carrying the manipulators to get off the machine.
  • a problem to be solved by the invention is that of ensuring complete safety by avoiding any unexpected control of the hydraulic motor or motors of the chassis when the driver has left his driving position.
  • This device is characterized in that it further comprises means for blocking the movement of the articulated levers of the control circuit in translation, said means being actuated when the pivoting console goes into the retracted position, even in the case where the control levers are in a position different from the neutral position, said means being capable of ensuring the blocking of the movement of the levers as soon as they move to the neutral position.
  • the invention consists in ensuring the locking of the levers or control pedals in translation when the driver raises the console carrying the control manipulators of the work equipment.
  • the driver prepares to get out of his machine, he automatically locks both the two control circuits of the equipment working and moving the machine, in a single maneuver that he is obliged to realize if he wants to get off the driving position.
  • This blocking of the movement of the control levers in translation is independent of the very nature of the control circuit in translation which can be done by linkage, cable, or even by an electrical or hydraulic circuit.
  • the locking means are nevertheless actuated, but produce their positive effects locking the levers as soon as the levers are in the neutral position. It is therefore impossible for the driver to leave the machine in a state where the control lever is slightly engaged, which results in a movement of the machine as soon as the power circuit is restarted, since the simple contact of the lever it ensures passage through its neutral position, and therefore according to the invention to its locking in position.
  • the pivoting of the console causes the introduction of the locking member in a portion of the control lever in translation so that it is then impossible to maneuver following this lock.
  • the control mechanism of the locking means comprises a tension spring providing a return force of the mechanical relay in the locking position when the console is in the retracted position .
  • the portion of the end of the lever capable of coming into contact with the mechanical relay is designed so that the locking member penetrates inside the housing regardless of the position of the control lever. This prevents the control lever from being locked in the engaged position due to the action of the mechanical relay.
  • the housing formed on the lever in translation has a flared opening, so as to guide the engagement of the locking member.
  • the finger is allowed to enter the locking housing, regardless of the position of the manipulator in the vicinity of the rest position.
  • the translational control manipulator may have a neutral position that varies slightly. In this way, the flared shape compensates for these small offsets.
  • the mechanical relay further comprises a torsion spring, ensuring a return force of the mechanical relay in the rest position.
  • the relay is automatically placed in the rest position, not to permanently block the operation of the control lever in translation.
  • the receiving housing of the locking member is formed by at least one fork open towards said member.
  • the invention relates to a control device of a driving station of public works machinery for ensuring the locking of the controls in translation simultaneously with the blocking of the controls of the hydraulic circuit of the work equipment.
  • the control of the hydraulic circuit is provided by a manipulator (2), mounted on a console (3) forming an armrest, and generally placed to the right or left of the driver, between the latter and the area of access to the driving position.
  • the console (3) has an ergonomic shape, the armrest allowing the driver to have the forearm rested when operating the manipulator (2).
  • This manipulator (2) is connected in known manner to the hydraulic control circuit of the work equipment and turret not shown, and known as such, so that it is not necessary to describe it here more in detail.
  • the console (3) supporting the manipulator (2) is pivotally mounted relative to an axis (4).
  • the pivoting of the console (3) causes by a known device not shown, the power cut of the hydraulic control circuit of the work equipment and the turret. In this way, when the driver lifts the armrest (3), the manipulator (2) becomes inoperative and can not cause by a shock or an unexpected maneuver, the movement of the turret or the work equipment.
  • the public works machine can be caused to move on the ground by the action of the control lever in translation, illustrated in Figure 1 by a manual manipulator (10), but which can, without leaving the frame of the invention, be replaced or supplemented by a pedal located at the floor of the driving position.
  • This lever (10) is mounted on a support case (11). It is articulated with respect to an axis (12) and extends below this axis by a lower portion (13). On this lower portion (13), is connected to a linkage (14) or a cable connected to the engine, or more generally to the mechanism causing the advance or the translation of the vehicle.
  • the lower end (13) of the lever (10) for translational control has a flared fork (16) open on the bottom.
  • the housing (11) for supporting the lever (10) for translational control has, in accordance with the invention, a mechanical relay (20) mounted hinged by an axis (21) parallel to the axis (12) of pivoting of the lever.
  • This mechanical relay (20) comprises two arms (22,23) as seen in detail in Figure 3. These two arms (22,23) are substantially in a right angle configuration.
  • the arm (22) has in its upper part (25) a notch (26) for hooking and securing to the control means of the locking device described below.
  • the other arm (23) has a notch (28) semi-cylindrical for receiving the locking member itself constituted by a rod (30) for entering the fork (16).
  • the mechanical relay (20) is coupled to the console (3) by the control means illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • this control mechanism is constituted by a cable ( 40) connected by one of its ends (41) to the bracket, while its opposite end (42) is connected, via a tension spring (45) to the notch (26) of the arm (22). ) of the mechanical relay (20).
  • the path of the cable (40) follows the arrangement of the driving position.
  • the end of the cable (41) connected to the console is secured to a cam (50) mounted near the axis of rotation (4) of the console (3) relative to the rest of the driving position .
  • This cam (50) has a cylindrical outer surface and advantageously has a groove in which is housed the cable when the cam pivots.
  • FIGS 1 and 2 illustrate the device according to the invention in its two extreme positions, respectively working and locking.
  • this relay (20) pivots with respect to the axis (21) and that consequently the locking pin (30) penetrates inside the fork (16) forming the low end of the lever .
  • the shape of the fork (16) is slightly flared to allow engagement of the locking finger (30) of the relay (20) even if the lever (10) for translational control is slightly offset from the theoretical neutral position. Indeed, it is known that due to the manufacturing tolerances, and especially the inherent play in the use of hydraulic distributors, the neutral position can cover a certain angular range. The use of this flared shape thus makes it possible to overcome these different tolerances and offsets.
  • the end of the cable (42) located near the translational control lever is equipped with a tension spring (45).
  • a tension spring (45) is provided.
  • the lever (10) of translation control is removed from its neutral position, the pivoting of the mechanical relay (20) is blocked by the ends of the fork (16).
  • the retraction of the console (3) is still possible, thanks to the extension capacity of the characteristic spring (45).
  • the characteristic spring (45) allows the mechanical relay (20) to pivot and the locking pin to enter ( 30) in the fork (16), and therefore the locking in the neutral position of the control lever (10).
  • the lower end of the lever (10) is designed so that the locking finger (30) can not escape the fork (16) when the spring (45) exerts its action. In this way, it is impossible for the lever (10) to be kept locked in the engaged position under the effect of the mechanical relay (20).
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1 in which the retraction of the console is transmitted mechanically to the mechanical relay, but obviously it covers the various variants in which the control mechanism blocking means is electrically, for example with an electromagnet associated with the mechanical relay and whose power depends on the position of the console.
  • the control mechanism blocking means is electrically, for example with an electromagnet associated with the mechanical relay and whose power depends on the position of the console.
  • a return spring ensures the return of the mechanical relay in the unlocked position to avoid the inadvertent blocking of the control lever (10).
  • FIG. 6 Another variant is illustrated in FIG. 6 in which the mechanical relay (20) is actuated by a hydraulic cylinder (60) equipped with a return spring (61).
  • the hydraulic cylinder is powered by a hydraulic circuit (62) which is cut, like the main circuit, during pivoting of the console (3).
  • a hydraulic circuit (62) which is cut, like the main circuit, during pivoting of the console (3).
  • this hydraulic variant of the control mechanism of the locking means may also be equipped with a spring equivalent to the referenced spring (45) in FIGS. 1 and 2.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Control Devices (AREA)
  • Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)

Abstract

The control system for a self-propelled civil engineering vehicle with working implements consists of one circuit with control levers (10) for the movement of the chassis, and another with a tilting console (3) and handle (2) for the hydraulic circuit controlling the implements. It has a locking mechanism for the control levers (10) which is actuated automatically by a spring (45) when the console is pivoted into its retracted position and comprises a cable (40) linked to the console, and a mechanical relay (20) with a locking member on one arm which engages with a notch (16) in the lever end.

Description

Domaine TechniqueTechnical area

L'invention se rattache au domaine des engins de travaux publics. Plus précisément, elle concerne un perfectionnement du dispositif de commande interdisant l'actionnement involontaire des commandes de translation de l'engin lorsque le conducteur a quitté sa poste de conduite.The invention relates to the field of public works machinery. More specifically, it relates to an improvement of the control device prohibiting the unintentional actuation of the gear drive controls when the driver has left his driving position.

Techniques antérieuresPrevious techniques

Comme on le sait, un engin de travaux publics est généralement équipé d'un châssis automoteur et d'un équipement de travail. Le poste de conduite comporte un certain nombre de commandes permettant de contrôler le déplacement de l'engin sur le sol ainsi que le déploiement et l'orientation de l'équipement de travail. Le dispositif de commande présente donc un circuit de commande en translation du châssis automoteur, actionné par le mouvement de leviers articulés qui peuvent se présenter sous la forme de manipulateurs manuels, et/ou de pédales situées au niveau du plancher du poste de conduite. Ce circuit de commande actionne, par un jeu de tringleries ou de câbles, le contrôle du ou des moteurs hydrauliques de propulsion et la rotation des différents essieux ou des chenilles, éventuellement de façon différenciée d'un côté à l'autre de l'engin.As is known, a public works machine is generally equipped with a self-propelled chassis and work equipment. The driving position includes a number of controls to control the movement of the machine on the ground and the deployment and orientation of the work equipment. The control device thus has a control circuit in translation of the self-propelled frame, actuated by the movement of articulated levers which can be in the form of manual manipulators, and / or pedals located at the floor of the driving position. This control circuit actuates, by means of a set of linkages or cables, the control of the hydraulic propulsion motor (s) and the rotation of the various axles or tracks, possibly in a differentiated manner from one side to the other of the machine .

Par ailleurs, le conducteur a à sa disposition un certain nombre de manipulateurs agissant sur le circuit hydraulique des différents vérins montés sur l'équipement de travail. Ces manipulateurs permettent également, dans le cas où l'engin présente une tourelle pivotante, d'en assurer la rotation par rapport au châssis automoteur.Moreover, the driver has at his disposal a number of manipulators acting on the hydraulic circuit of the various cylinders mounted on the work equipment. These manipulators also allow, in the case where the machine has a pivoting turret, to rotate it relative to the self-propelled chassis.

On conçoit que les manoeuvres accidentelles ou involontaires de l'équipement de travail et/ou de la tourelle peuvent provoquer des dégâts importants lorsqu'elles ne sont pas contrôlées. C'est pourquoi, aucun mouvement inopiné de la tourelle ni des équipements de travail ne doit avoir lieu lorsque le conducteur a quitté le poste de conduite. Ainsi, la plupart des engins actuels sont équipés d'un dispositif de blocage des commandes de l'équipement de travail lorsque le conducteur quitte le poste de conduite.Accidental or unintentional maneuvers of work equipment and / or turret can be expected to cause significant damage when not controlled. Therefore, no unexpected movement of the turret or work equipment shall take place when the driver has left the driving position. Thus, most current gear is equipped with a device for locking the controls of the work equipment when the driver leaves the driving position.

En pratique, les différents manipulateurs commandant le circuit hydraulique de l'équipement de travail et de la tourelle sont montés sur une console située latéralement par rapport au conducteur. Lorsque celui-ci souhaite quitter le siège du poste de conduite, il doit pivoter ou escamoter la console portant les manipulateurs pour descendre de l'engin.In practice, the various manipulators controlling the hydraulic circuit of the work equipment and the turret are mounted on a console located laterally relative to the driver. When he wants to leave the seat of the driving position, he must pivot or retract the console carrying the manipulators to get off the machine.

De façon connue et tel que décrit dans le document DE-A-197 29 873, le mouvement d'escamotage ou le pivotement de la console provoque grâce à un organe approprié, la coupure du circuit de commande hydraulique de l'équipement de travail et/ou de la tourelle. De la sorte, tant que le conducteur se trouve à l'extérieur du poste de conduite, il est impossible que l'équipement de travail ne se déploie inopinément.In known manner and as described in DE-A-197 29 873, the retraction movement or pivoting of the console causes, thanks to an appropriate member, the cutting of the hydraulic control circuit of the work equipment and / or turret. In this way, as long as the driver is outside the driving position, it is impossible for the work equipment to unfold unexpectedly.

Un problème que se propose de résoudre l'invention est celui d'assurer une sécurité totale en évitant toute commande inopinée du ou des moteurs hydrauliques du châssis lorsque le conducteur a quitté son poste de conduite.A problem to be solved by the invention is that of ensuring complete safety by avoiding any unexpected control of the hydraulic motor or motors of the chassis when the driver has left his driving position.

On a déjà proposé pour résoudre ce problème d'équiper les leviers de commande en translation de systèmes de blocage par un système mécanique de fourche pivotante que le conducteur doit rabattre sur le levier avant de quitter sa machine. Malheureusement, un tel dispositif est indépendant du dispositif de coupure du circuit hydraulique de l'équipement de travail, et contrairement à ce dernier, le conducteur doit effectuer une manoeuvre volontaire pour verrouiller les commandes en translation.It has already been proposed to solve this problem of equipping the control levers in translation locking systems by a mechanical system of pivoting fork that the driver must fold down on the lever before leaving his machine. Unfortunately, such a device is independent of the cut-off device of the hydraulic circuit of the work equipment, and unlike the latter, the driver must perform a deliberate operation to lock the controls in translation.

On conçoit donc aisément qu'une telle solution est extrêmement imparfaite, car elle ne permet pas de se prémunir d'un oubli du conducteur dont elle n'assure donc pas une sécurité totale.It is therefore easy to see that such a solution is extremely imperfect, because it does not prevent the driver from being forgotten and does not provide total safety.

Exposé de l'inventionPresentation of the invention

L'invention concerne donc un dispositif de commande d'un engin de travaux public comportant un châssis automoteur et un équipement de travail, présentant :

  • un circuit de commande en translation du châssis automoteur, actionné par le mouvement de leviers articulés ;
  • un circuit de commande hydraulique de l'équipement de travail, actionné par au moins un manipulateur monté sur une console apte à pivoter entre une position de travail et une position escamotée, le circuit hydraulique étant équipé d'un organe apte à le couper lorsque la console pivotante passe en position escamotée.
The invention therefore relates to a control device of a public works machine comprising a self-propelled chassis and work equipment, presenting:
  • a control circuit in translation of the self-propelled chassis, actuated by the movement of articulated levers;
  • a hydraulic control circuit of the work equipment, actuated by at least one manipulator mounted on a console capable of pivoting between a working position and a retracted position, the hydraulic circuit being equipped with a member adapted to cut when the pivoting console goes into the retracted position.

Ce dispositif se caractérise en ce qu'il comprend en outre des moyens de blocage du mouvement des leviers articulés du circuit de commande en translation, lesdits moyens étant actionnés lorsque la console pivotante passe en position escamotée, même dans le cas où les leviers de commande sont dans une position différente de la position neutre, lesdits moyens étant aptes à assurer le blocage du mouvement des leviers dès que ces derniers passent en position neutre.This device is characterized in that it further comprises means for blocking the movement of the articulated levers of the control circuit in translation, said means being actuated when the pivoting console goes into the retracted position, even in the case where the control levers are in a position different from the neutral position, said means being capable of ensuring the blocking of the movement of the levers as soon as they move to the neutral position.

En d'autres termes, l'invention consiste à assurer le verrouillage des leviers ou pédales de commande en translation lorsque le conducteur relève la console portant les manipulateurs de commande de l'équipement de travail. De la sorte, lorsque le conducteur se prépare à sortir de sa machine, il verrouille automatiquement à la fois les deux circuits de commande de l'équipement de travail et de déplacement de l'engin, en une seule manoeuvre qu'il est obligé de réaliser s'il veut descendre du poste de conduite. Ce blocage du mouvement des leviers de commande en translation est indépendant de la nature même du circuit de commande en translation qui peut s'effectuer par tringlerie, par câble, voire même par un circuit électrique ou hydraulique.In other words, the invention consists in ensuring the locking of the levers or control pedals in translation when the driver raises the console carrying the control manipulators of the work equipment. In this way, when the driver prepares to get out of his machine, he automatically locks both the two control circuits of the equipment working and moving the machine, in a single maneuver that he is obliged to realize if he wants to get off the driving position. This blocking of the movement of the control levers in translation is independent of the very nature of the control circuit in translation which can be done by linkage, cable, or even by an electrical or hydraulic circuit.

Conformément à l'invention, dans les cas de figures où lorsque le conducteur relève la console et que les leviers ne sont pas exactement en position neutre, mais dans une position légèrement engagée, les moyens de blocage sont néanmoins actionnés, mais produisent leurs effets positifs de blocage des leviers dès que les leviers se trouvent en position neutre. Il est donc impossible que le conducteur laisse l'engin dans un état où le levier de commande serait légèrement enclenché, ce qui se traduit par un mouvement de l'engin dès la remise en marche du circuit de puissance, puisque le simple contact du levier lui assure un passage par sa position neutre, et donc conformément à l'invention à son blocage en position.According to the invention, in the cases where the driver lifts the console and the levers are not exactly in the neutral position, but in a slightly engaged position, the locking means are nevertheless actuated, but produce their positive effects locking the levers as soon as the levers are in the neutral position. It is therefore impossible for the driver to leave the machine in a state where the control lever is slightly engaged, which results in a movement of the machine as soon as the power circuit is restarted, since the simple contact of the lever it ensures passage through its neutral position, and therefore according to the invention to its locking in position.

En pratique, les moyens de blocage des leviers de commande en translation sont constitués par :

  • un mécanisme de commande des moyens de blocage, actionnés par le pivotement de la console, et comportant, à proximité des leviers de commande en translation, un élément dont la position est fonction de la position de la console ;
  • un relais mécanique monté pivotant autour d'un axe entre une position de repos et une position de verrouillage, ledit relais étant constitué de deux bras, l'extrémité libre du premier bras étant solidaire de l'élément du mécanisme de commande, de sorte que le relais mécanique est pivoté en position de verrouillage lorsque la console passe en position escamotée, l'extrémité libre de l'autre bras portant un organe de blocage apte à venir s'enclencher dans un logement prévu à cet effet sur le levier de commande en translation, lorsque le relais est pivoté en position de verrouillage.
In practice, the locking means of the translation control levers are constituted by:
  • a mechanism for controlling the locking means, actuated by the pivoting of the console, and comprising, near the control levers in translation, an element whose position is a function of the position of the console;
  • a mechanical relay pivotally mounted about an axis between a rest position and a locking position, said relay being constituted by two arms, the free end of the first arm being integral with the element of the control mechanism, so that the mechanical relay is pivoted in the locking position when the console goes into the retracted position, the free end of the other arm carrying a locking member adapted to engage in a housing provided for this purpose on the control lever in translation, when the relay is pivoted to the locking position.

Autrement dit, le pivotement de la console provoque l'introduction de l'organe de blocage dans une partie du levier de commande en translation de sorte qu'il est ensuite impossible de le manoeuvrer suite à ce verrouillage.In other words, the pivoting of the console causes the introduction of the locking member in a portion of the control lever in translation so that it is then impossible to maneuver following this lock.

Pour permettre un blocage du levier de commande en translation lorsque celui-ci est légèrement manoeuvré, le mécanisme de commande des moyens de blocage comporte un ressort de traction assurant un effort de rappel du relais mécanique en position de verrouillage lorsque la console est en position escamotée.To allow a locking of the control lever in translation when it is slightly operated, the control mechanism of the locking means comprises a tension spring providing a return force of the mechanical relay in the locking position when the console is in the retracted position .

De la sorte, dès que la console est relevée, le ressort de traction agit sur le relais pour le forcer à s'enclencher dans le levier de commande en translation dès que l'organe de blocage vient en regard du logement.In this way, as soon as the console is raised, the tension spring acts on the relay to force it to engage in the control lever in translation as soon as the locking member comes opposite the housing.

En outre, la partie de l'extrémité du levier susceptible de venir au contact du relais mécanique est dessinée de telle sorte que l'organe de blocage pénètre à l'intérieur du logement quelle que soit la position du levier de commande. Cela évite ainsi que le levier de commande reste bloqué en position enclenchée à cause de l'action du relais mécanique.In addition, the portion of the end of the lever capable of coming into contact with the mechanical relay is designed so that the locking member penetrates inside the housing regardless of the position of the control lever. This prevents the control lever from being locked in the engaged position due to the action of the mechanical relay.

En pratique, le mécanisme de commande des moyens de blocage peut être constitué :

  • soit par un câble relié à la console,
  • soit par un circuit électrique alimentant un électroaimant, la position de l'équipage mobile de l'électroaimant étant fonction de la position de la console ;
  • soit par un vérin hydraulique associé à un ressort de rappel, la chambre dudit vérin hydraulique étant alimentée par le circuit hydraulique de commande de l'équipement de travail, et la position du piston du vérin étant fonction de la position de la console.
In practice, the control mechanism of the locking means may consist of:
  • either by a cable connected to the console,
  • either by an electric circuit supplying an electromagnet, the position of the mobile unit of the electromagnet being a function of the position of the console;
  • or by a hydraulic cylinder associated with a return spring, the chamber of said hydraulic cylinder being fed by the hydraulic control circuit of the work equipment, and the position of the cylinder piston being a function of the position of the console.

Dans une forme particulière de réalisation, le logement ménagé sur le levier en translation présente une ouverture évasée, de manière à guider l'enclenchement de l'organe de blocage.In a particular embodiment, the housing formed on the lever in translation has a flared opening, so as to guide the engagement of the locking member.

De la sorte, on permet au doigt de pénétrer dans le logement de blocage, quelle que soit la position du manipulateur au voisinage de la position de repos.In this way, the finger is allowed to enter the locking housing, regardless of the position of the manipulator in the vicinity of the rest position.

En effet, compte tenu des tolérances de fabrication ainsi que des différents décalages observés dans les distributeurs, le manipulateur de commande en translation peut avoir une position neutre qui varie légèrement. De la sorte, la forme évasée permet de compenser ces petits décalages.Indeed, given the manufacturing tolerances as well as the different offsets observed in the distributors, the translational control manipulator may have a neutral position that varies slightly. In this way, the flared shape compensates for these small offsets.

Dans une variante de réalisation, le relais mécanique comporte en outre un ressort de torsion, assurant un effort de rappel du relais mécanique en position de repos. De la sorte, dans le cas où le mécanisme de commande des moyens de blocage viendraient à être défaillants, par exemple s'il s'agit d'un câble si celui-ci est coupé, le relais se place automatiquement en position de repos, pour ne pas bloquer définitivement la manoeuvre du levier de commande en translation.In an alternative embodiment, the mechanical relay further comprises a torsion spring, ensuring a return force of the mechanical relay in the rest position. In this way, in the case where the control mechanism of the locking means would fail, for example if it is a cable if it is cut, the relay is automatically placed in the rest position, not to permanently block the operation of the control lever in translation.

En pratique, le logement de réception de l'organe de blocage est formé par au moins une fourche ouverte en direction dudit organe.In practice, the receiving housing of the locking member is formed by at least one fork open towards said member.

Description des figuresDescription of figures

La manière de réaliser l'invention, ainsi que les avantages qui en découlent, ressortiront bien de la description des modes de réalisation qui suivent, à l'appui des figures annexées dans lesquelles :

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique de côté de l'ensemble formé par la console supportant le manipulateur de commande de l'équipement de travail, ainsi que du levier de commande en translation, relié par le mécanisme de commande des moyens de blocage, le tout montré en position de travail.
  • la figure 2 montre les éléments de la figure 1 en position de blocage ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue de côté du relais mécanique ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue de côté de détail d'une partie du relais mécanique de la figure 3, montrant les deux bras ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue de dessus du relais mécanique de la figure 3 ;
  • la figure 6 est une vue de coté identique à la figure 1, dans laquelle le mécanisme de commande des moyens de blocage sont réalisés par un vérin hydraulique associé à un ressort de rappel.
The manner of carrying out the invention, as well as the advantages which result therefrom, will emerge from the description of the embodiments which follow, in support of the appended figures in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of the assembly formed by the console supporting the control manipulator of the work equipment, as well as of the control lever in translation, connected by the control mechanism of the locking means, the all shown in working position.
  • Figure 2 shows the elements of Figure 1 in the locking position;
  • Figure 3 is a side view of the mechanical relay;
  • Figure 4 is a detail side view of a portion of the mechanical relay of Figure 3 showing the two arms;
  • Figure 5 is a top view of the mechanical relay of Figure 3;
  • Figure 6 is a side view identical to Figure 1, wherein the control mechanism of the locking means are formed by a hydraulic cylinder associated with a return spring.

Manière de réaliser l'inventionWay of realizing the invention

Comme déjà dit, l'invention concerne un dispositif de commande d'un poste de conduite d'engins de travaux publics permettant d'assurer le blocage des commandes en translation simultanément au blocage des commandes du circuit hydraulique de l'équipement de travail.As already stated, the invention relates to a control device of a driving station of public works machinery for ensuring the locking of the controls in translation simultaneously with the blocking of the controls of the hydraulic circuit of the work equipment.

Ainsi, comme on le voit à la figure 1, la commande du circuit hydraulique est assurée par un manipulateur (2), monté sur une console (3) formant accoudoir, et généralement placée à droite ou à gauche du conducteur, entre ce dernier et la zone d'accès au poste de conduite. La console (3) épouse une forme ergonomique, l'accoudoir permettant au conducteur d'avoir l'avant-bras reposé lorsqu'il actionne le manipulateur (2). Ce manipulateur (2) est relié de façon connue au circuit hydraulique de commande de l'équipement de travail et de la tourelle non représentée, et connu en tant que tel, de sorte qu'il n'est pas nécessaire de le décrire ici plus en détail.Thus, as seen in Figure 1, the control of the hydraulic circuit is provided by a manipulator (2), mounted on a console (3) forming an armrest, and generally placed to the right or left of the driver, between the latter and the area of access to the driving position. The console (3) has an ergonomic shape, the armrest allowing the driver to have the forearm rested when operating the manipulator (2). This manipulator (2) is connected in known manner to the hydraulic control circuit of the work equipment and turret not shown, and known as such, so that it is not necessary to describe it here more in detail.

De façon connue, la console (3) supportant le manipulateur (2) est montée pivotante par rapport à un axe (4). De manière connue, le pivotement de la console (3) provoque par un dispositif connu non représenté, la coupure d'alimentation du circuit hydraulique de commande de l'équipement de travail et de la tourelle. De la sorte, lorsque le conducteur relève l'accoudoir (3), le manipulateur (2) devient inopérant et ne peut causer par un choc ou une manoeuvre inopinée, le déplacement de la tourelle ou de l'équipement de travail.In known manner, the console (3) supporting the manipulator (2) is pivotally mounted relative to an axis (4). In known manner, the pivoting of the console (3) causes by a known device not shown, the power cut of the hydraulic control circuit of the work equipment and the turret. In this way, when the driver lifts the armrest (3), the manipulator (2) becomes inoperative and can not cause by a shock or an unexpected maneuver, the movement of the turret or the work equipment.

Par ailleurs, l'engin de travaux publics peut être amené à se déplacer sur le sol par l'action du levier de commande en translation, illustré dans la figure 1 par un manipulateur manuel (10), mais qui peut, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, être remplacé ou complété par une pédale située au niveau du plancher du poste de conduite.Furthermore, the public works machine can be caused to move on the ground by the action of the control lever in translation, illustrated in Figure 1 by a manual manipulator (10), but which can, without leaving the frame of the invention, be replaced or supplemented by a pedal located at the floor of the driving position.

Ce levier (10) est monté sur un boîtier de support (11). Il est articulé par rapport à un axe (12) et se prolonge en dessous de cet axe par une portion basse (13). Sur cette portion basse (13), vient se connecter une tringlerie (14)ou un câble relié au moteur, ou plus généralement au mécanisme provoquant l'avancée ou la translation de l'engin.This lever (10) is mounted on a support case (11). It is articulated with respect to an axis (12) and extends below this axis by a lower portion (13). On this lower portion (13), is connected to a linkage (14) or a cable connected to the engine, or more generally to the mechanism causing the advance or the translation of the vehicle.

Selon un mode préféré de l'invention, l'extrémité basse (13) du levier (10) de commande en translation présente une fourche évasée (16) ouverte sur le bas.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the lower end (13) of the lever (10) for translational control has a flared fork (16) open on the bottom.

En outre, le boîtier (11) de support du levier (10) de commande en translation présente, conformément à l'invention, un relais mécanique (20) monté articulé par un axe (21) parallèle à l'axe (12) de pivotement du levier. Ce relais mécanique (20) comporte deux bras (22,23) comme on le voit en détail à la figure 3. Ces deux bras (22,23) se trouvent sensiblement en configuration à angle droit. Le bras (22) présente dans sa partie haute (25) une encoche (26) permettant l'accrochage et la solidarisation aux moyens de commande du dispositif de blocage décrits ci-après. L'autre bras (23) présente une encoche (28) semi-cylindrique destinée à recevoir l'organe de blocage proprement dit constitué par une tige (30), destinée à pénétrer dans la fourche (16).In addition, the housing (11) for supporting the lever (10) for translational control has, in accordance with the invention, a mechanical relay (20) mounted hinged by an axis (21) parallel to the axis (12) of pivoting of the lever. This mechanical relay (20) comprises two arms (22,23) as seen in detail in Figure 3. These two arms (22,23) are substantially in a right angle configuration. The arm (22) has in its upper part (25) a notch (26) for hooking and securing to the control means of the locking device described below. The other arm (23) has a notch (28) semi-cylindrical for receiving the locking member itself constituted by a rod (30) for entering the fork (16).

Selon un mode préféré de l'invention, le relais mécanique (20) est accouplé à la console (3) par les moyens de commande illustrés aux figures 1 et 2. Dans la forme représentée, ce mécanisme de commande est constitué par un câble (40) relié par une de ses extrémités (41) à la console, tandis que son extrémité opposée (42) est reliée, par l'intermédiaire d'un ressort de traction (45) à l'encoche (26) du bras (22) du relais mécanique (20). Le cheminement du câble (40) suit l'agencement du poste de conduite.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mechanical relay (20) is coupled to the console (3) by the control means illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. In the form shown, this control mechanism is constituted by a cable ( 40) connected by one of its ends (41) to the bracket, while its opposite end (42) is connected, via a tension spring (45) to the notch (26) of the arm (22). ) of the mechanical relay (20). The path of the cable (40) follows the arrangement of the driving position.

Plus précisément, l'extrémité du câble (41) relié à la console est solidaire d'une came (50) montée à proximité de l'axe de rotation (4) de la console (3) par rapport au reste du poste de conduite. Cette came (50) présente une surface extérieure cylindrique et possède avantageusement une gorge dans laquelle vient se loger le câble lorsque la came pivote.More specifically, the end of the cable (41) connected to the console is secured to a cam (50) mounted near the axis of rotation (4) of the console (3) relative to the rest of the driving position . This cam (50) has a cylindrical outer surface and advantageously has a groove in which is housed the cable when the cam pivots.

Les figures 1 et 2 illustrent le dispositif conforme à l'invention dans ses deux positions extrêmes, respectivement de travail et de blocage.Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the device according to the invention in its two extreme positions, respectively working and locking.

Ainsi, comme on le voit à la figure 1, lorsque la console (3) est en position de travail, c'est-à-dire horizontale, le câble (40) est relâché, c'est-à-dire repoussé dans sa gaine. Le relais mécanique (20) qui est monté pivotant par rapport à l'axe (21), se voit repoussé dans la position illustrée à la figure 1 par un ressort de torsion situé au niveau de l'axe (21) et non représenté.Thus, as seen in Figure 1, when the console (3) is in the working position, that is to say horizontal, the cable (40) is released, that is to say pushed back in its sheath. The mechanical relay (20) which is pivotally mounted relative to the axis (21), is pushed back into the position shown in Figure 1 by a torsion spring located at the axis (21) and not shown.

Il s'ensuit que l'organe de blocage (30) se trouve décalé en partie basse et hors de portée du logement que forme la fourche (16) de l'extrémité basse du levier. A l'inverse, comme illustré à la figure 2, lorsque la console (3) est escamotée, ou relevée, la came (50) est pivotée et exerce une traction sur le câble (40) du mécanisme de commande. Ce câble (40) se trouve donc tiré à l'intérieur de sa gaine, et son extrémité (42) tire donc sur le bras (22) du relais mécanique (20).It follows that the locking member (30) is offset at the bottom and out of reach of the housing that forms the fork (16) of the lower end of the lever. Conversely, as illustrated in Figure 2, when the bracket (3) is retracted or raised, the cam (50) is pivoted and exerts traction on the cable (40) of the control mechanism. This cable (40) is thus pulled inside its sheath, and its end (42) thus pulls on the arm (22) of the mechanical relay (20).

Il s'ensuit que ce relais (20) pivote par rapport à l'axe (21) et que par conséquent, le doigt de blocage (30) pénètre à l'intérieur de la fourche (16) formant l'extrémité basse du levier.It follows that this relay (20) pivots with respect to the axis (21) and that consequently the locking pin (30) penetrates inside the fork (16) forming the low end of the lever .

De la sorte, le levier (10) se trouve bloqué en position neutre et toute manoeuvre qui entraînerait le déplacement de l'engin est impossible.In this way, the lever (10) is locked in the neutral position and any maneuver that would cause the movement of the machine is impossible.

Selon un mode préféré de l'invention, la forme de la fourche (16) est légèrement évasée pour permettre l'enclenchement du doigt de blocage (30) du relais (20) même si le levier (10) de commande en translation est légèrement décalé par rapport à la position neutre théorique. En effet, on sait que de par les tolérances de fabrication, et surtout les jeux inhérents à l'utilisation de distributeurs hydrauliques, la position neutre peut recouvrir une certaine plage angulaire. L'utilisation de cette forme évasée permet donc de s'affranchir de ces différentes tolérances et décalages.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the shape of the fork (16) is slightly flared to allow engagement of the locking finger (30) of the relay (20) even if the lever (10) for translational control is slightly offset from the theoretical neutral position. Indeed, it is known that due to the manufacturing tolerances, and especially the inherent play in the use of hydraulic distributors, the neutral position can cover a certain angular range. The use of this flared shape thus makes it possible to overcome these different tolerances and offsets.

Conformément à une caractéristique préférée de l'invention, l'extrémité du câble (42) située à proximité du levier de commande en translation, est équipée d'un ressort de traction (45). En effet, dans le cas où le levier (10) de commande en translation est écarté de sa position neutre, le pivotement du relais mécanique (20) est bloqué par les extrémités de la fourche (16). L'escamotage de la console (3) reste néanmoins possible, grâce à la capacité d'allongement du ressort caractéristique (45). Ainsi, lorsque par la suite, le levier de commande en translation (10) revient en position neutre, l'effort exercé par le ressort caractéristique (45) permet le pivotement du relais mécanique (20) et l'entrée du doigt de blocage (30) dans la fourche (16), et partant, le blocage en position neutre du levier de commande (10).According to a preferred feature of the invention, the end of the cable (42) located near the translational control lever, is equipped with a tension spring (45). Indeed, in the case where the lever (10) of translation control is removed from its neutral position, the pivoting of the mechanical relay (20) is blocked by the ends of the fork (16). The retraction of the console (3) is still possible, thanks to the extension capacity of the characteristic spring (45). Thus, when subsequently, the translational control lever (10) returns to a neutral position, the force exerted by the characteristic spring (45) allows the mechanical relay (20) to pivot and the locking pin to enter ( 30) in the fork (16), and therefore the locking in the neutral position of the control lever (10).

De plus l'extrémité basse du levier (10) est dessinée pour que le doigt de blocage (30) ne puisse pas échapper à la fourche (16) lorsque le ressort (45) exerce son action. De la sorte, il est impossible que le levier (10) soit maintenu bloqué en position enclenchée sous l'effet du relais mécanique (20).In addition the lower end of the lever (10) is designed so that the locking finger (30) can not escape the fork (16) when the spring (45) exerts its action. In this way, it is impossible for the lever (10) to be kept locked in the engaged position under the effect of the mechanical relay (20).

Bien évidemment, l'invention ne se limite pas à la forme de réalisation illustrée à la figure 1 dans laquelle l'escamotage de la console est transmis mécaniquement au relais mécanique, mais bien évidemment, elle couvre les différentes variantes dans lesquelles le mécanisme de commande des moyens de blocage se fait électriquement, par exemple avec un électroaimant associé au relais mécanique et dont l'alimentation dépend de la position de la console. Dans ce cas, en cas de panne du système de commande de l'électroaimant, un ressort de rappel assure le retour du relais mécanique en position déverrouillée pour éviter le blocage inopiné du levier de commande (10).Obviously, the invention is not limited to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1 in which the retraction of the console is transmitted mechanically to the mechanical relay, but obviously it covers the various variants in which the control mechanism blocking means is electrically, for example with an electromagnet associated with the mechanical relay and whose power depends on the position of the console. In this case, in the event of failure of the control system of the electromagnet, a return spring ensures the return of the mechanical relay in the unlocked position to avoid the inadvertent blocking of the control lever (10).

Une autre variante est illustrée à la figure 6 dans laquelle le relais mécanique (20) est actionné par un vérin hydraulique (60) équipé d'un ressort de rappel (61).Another variant is illustrated in FIG. 6 in which the mechanical relay (20) is actuated by a hydraulic cylinder (60) equipped with a return spring (61).

Plus précisément, le vérin hydraulique est alimenté par un circuit hydraulique (62) qui est coupé, à l'instar du circuit principal, lors du pivotement de la console (3). De la sorte, lorsque l'alimentation du vérin (60) cesse, la pression dans la chambre (64) de ce dernier chute et sous l'effet de l'action du ressort (61) en compression, le piston (65) exerce l'effort sur le bras (23) du relais mécanique (20) pour provoquer le pivotement de ce dernier et l'enclenchement du doigt de blocage (30) dans la fourche (16) du levier (10).More specifically, the hydraulic cylinder is powered by a hydraulic circuit (62) which is cut, like the main circuit, during pivoting of the console (3). In this way, when the supply of the cylinder (60) ceases, the pressure in the chamber (64) of the latter drops and under the effect of the action of the spring (61) in compression, the piston (65) exerts the force on the arm (23) of the mechanical relay (20) to cause the pivoting of the latter and the engagement of the locking finger (30) in the fork (16) of the lever (10).

Bien évidemment, cette variante hydraulique du mécanisme de commande des moyens de blocage peut également être équipée d'un ressort équivalent au ressort référencé (45) dans les figures 1 et 2.Of course, this hydraulic variant of the control mechanism of the locking means may also be equipped with a spring equivalent to the referenced spring (45) in FIGS. 1 and 2.

Il ressort de ce qui précède que le dispositif de commande conforme à l'invention présente les avantages suivants :

  • le blocage simultané du circuit de commande de l'équipement de travail et du circuit de commande en translation ;
  • la commande simultanée de la coupure du circuit hydraulique de commande de l'équipement de travail et de l'entraînement en translation de l'engin ;
  • le blocage automatique sans manoeuvre particulière, dès que le conducteur relève la console supportant le manipulateur ;
  • l'insensibilité aux différentes tolérances de fabrication des pièces mécaniques et aux différents décalages inhérent à l'utilisation de distributeurs hydrauliques ;
  • un retour en position de blocage du manipulateur de commande en translation même si ce dernier est hors de la position neutre lorsque la console portant un manipulateur de commande de circuit hydraulique est relevée;
  • l'impossibilité d'un blocage du levier de commande en translation dans une position enclenchée lorsque la console est relevée;
  • l'impossibilité d'un blocage intempestif, et donc d'immobilisation de la machine en cas de déficience du mécanisme de commande des moyens de blocage, par exemple une rupture de câble, ou un manque de source d'énergie.
It follows from the foregoing that the control device according to the invention has the following advantages:
  • simultaneous blocking of the control circuit of the work equipment and the control circuit in translation;
  • simultaneous control of the cut-off of the hydraulic control circuit of the work equipment and the translational drive of the machine;
  • automatic blocking without particular maneuver, as soon as the driver raises the console supporting the manipulator;
  • the insensitivity to the different manufacturing tolerances of the mechanical parts and the different offsets inherent to the use of hydraulic distributors;
  • a return to the locked position of the translational control manipulator even if the latter is out of the neutral position when the console carrying a hydraulic circuit control manipulator is raised;
  • the impossibility of locking the control lever in translation in an engaged position when the console is raised;
  • the impossibility of inadvertent blocking, and thus immobilization of the machine in case of deficiency of the control mechanism of the locking means, for example a cable break, or a lack of energy source.

Claims (9)

  1. A control device for an earth-moving machine comprising a carrier and a working implement having:
    - a circuit to control translational movement of the carrier actuated by the movement of levers (10) articulated around a neutral position;
    - a hydraulic control circuit for the working implement actuated by at least one handle (2) mounted on a console (3) capable of swivelling between a working position and a retracted position, the hydraulic circuit being equipped with a device capable of switching it off when swivelling console (3) moves to its retracted position,
    characterised in that it also comprises means of locking movement of articulated levers (10) of the translational movement control circuit, said means being actuated when swivelling console (3) moves to its retracted position, even if the control levers are in a position other than their neutral position, said means being capable of ensuring locking of movement of the levers as soon as the latter move to their neutral position.
  2. A control device as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the means of locking the articulated levers in position consist up of:
    - a mechanism (40) to control the means of locking, actuated by swivelling of console (3) and comprising, in the vicinity of translational movement control levers (10), a component (42), the position of which depends on the position of the console;
    - a mechanical relay (20) rotatably mounted around a shaft (21) between an idle position and a locking position, said relay (20) consisting of two arms (22, 23), the free end (25) of first arm (22) being joined to component (42) of the control mechanism so that mechanical relay (20) is swivelled into the locking position when console (3) moves to its retracted position, the free end of the other arm (23) supporting a locking device (30) capable of engaging in a recess (16) provided for this purpose on translational movement control lever (10) when relay (20) is swivelled into the locking position.
  3. A control device as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that the control mechanism of the means of locking comprises an extension spring (45) exerting a restoring force on mechanical relay (20) in the locking position when console (3) is in its retracted position.
  4. A control device as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that the mechanism for controlling the means of locking consists of a cable (40) connected to the console.
  5. A control device as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that recess (16) on the translational movement lever has a flared opening so as to guide engagement of locking device (30).
  6. A control device as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that mechanical relay (20) also comprises a torsion spring exerting a restoring force on the relay in its idle position.
  7. A control device as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that the recess is formed by at least one fork (16) which opens in the direction of the locking device.
  8. A control device as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that the means of locking consist of an electrical circuit that powers an electromagnet, the position of the moving element of the electromagnet varying as a function of the position of the console.
  9. A control device as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that the means of controlling the means of locking consist of a hydraulic cylinder (60) associated with a return spring (61), the chamber (64) of said hydraulic cylinder being fed by the hydraulic circuit (62) for controlling the working implement and the position of the piston (65) of the cylinder varying as a function of the position of console (3).
EP99420194A 1998-09-22 1999-09-14 Control device for an earth-moving machine Expired - Lifetime EP0989245B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9811976A FR2783539B1 (en) 1998-09-22 1998-09-22 CONTROL DEVICE FOR A PUBLIC WORKS MACHINE
FR9811976 1998-09-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0989245A1 EP0989245A1 (en) 2000-03-29
EP0989245B1 true EP0989245B1 (en) 2007-02-28

Family

ID=9530820

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99420194A Expired - Lifetime EP0989245B1 (en) 1998-09-22 1999-09-14 Control device for an earth-moving machine

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0989245B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE355420T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69935293T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2783539B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2574699B1 (en) * 2011-09-30 2014-04-30 Caterpillar, Inc. Security blocking of cabin exit

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60144431A (en) * 1983-12-30 1985-07-30 Toyoda Autom Loom Works Ltd Prevention mechanism for maloperation of pedal for loading operation in skid stair loader
JP2560922B2 (en) * 1991-03-18 1996-12-04 株式会社豊田自動織機製作所 Locking device for stepping pedal in cargo handling vehicle
KR980009677A (en) * 1996-07-31 1998-04-30 김무 Safety lever device for heavy equipment
KR0165960B1 (en) * 1996-09-16 1999-10-01 대우중공업주식회사 Loader pedal locker

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2783539A1 (en) 2000-03-24
EP0989245A1 (en) 2000-03-29
ATE355420T1 (en) 2006-03-15
FR2783539B1 (en) 2000-10-20
DE69935293T2 (en) 2007-12-20
DE69935293D1 (en) 2007-04-12

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