EP0975826B1 - Procede de revetement electrolytique de produits continus metalliques ou non metalliques et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede - Google Patents

Procede de revetement electrolytique de produits continus metalliques ou non metalliques et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0975826B1
EP0975826B1 EP98922715A EP98922715A EP0975826B1 EP 0975826 B1 EP0975826 B1 EP 0975826B1 EP 98922715 A EP98922715 A EP 98922715A EP 98922715 A EP98922715 A EP 98922715A EP 0975826 B1 EP0975826 B1 EP 0975826B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
continuous product
coating
continuous
chambers
coated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98922715A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0975826A2 (fr
Inventor
Hans De Vries
Jörg HELLER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aluminal Oberflachentechnik GmbH
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Aluminal Oberflachentechnik GmbH
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Publication of EP0975826A2 publication Critical patent/EP0975826A2/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
    • C25D7/0607—Wires
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/42—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of light metals
    • C25D3/44—Aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
    • C25D7/0614—Strips or foils
    • C25D7/0621—In horizontal cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for electrolytic Coating metallic or non-metallic Continuous products with metals or alloys in a continuous process made of aprotic, water and oxygen-free electrolytes. Another object of the invention is a device to carry out this procedure.
  • hot-dip galvanizing can also be carried out with the fire aluminum can be combined.
  • Galvanic deposition processes are another state of the art of aluminum known in aprotic water and oxygen-free electrolytes.
  • the separation takes place here of aluminum from baths, the aluminum alkyl complexes from alkali metal halides and aluminum alkyls contain.
  • Aromatic solvents are generally used as solvents or aliphatic hydrocarbons used.
  • Electrolyte solutions are used, for example, in the EP 0 402 761 A and EP 0 084 816 A.
  • DE 3023827 C2 describes a system that addresses this Benefits from the process. It consists of a closed off to the outside Tube cell through which to be treated, cathodic Contacted material in the axial direction, preferably continuously is movable along anodes. To both the unwanted Leak of the electrolyte from the tubular cell as well Preventing the entry of air is the A protective gas can be applied to the tube cell. Will continue a tubular connector on both sides of the tube cell connected, the one the longitudinal passage of the electrolyte preventing, vertically deflecting the electrolyte current Has aperture.
  • the T-shaped connectors follow each a lock arrangement consisting of several chambers, in the for the mutual sealing of the individual chambers as Sealant inert gas and / or inert liquid introduced can be.
  • JP 63227797 describes the activation of a metal sheet an electrolytic coating with aluminum also non-aqueous Solvent used.
  • the technical object of the invention is a method to provide the disadvantages mentioned above the previously known coating processes for continuous products avoids, is inexpensive and for a better coating leads.
  • the process should continue without change of the base material can be carried out, in particular at low temperatures.
  • Continuous product in the sense of the invention are metallic or understood non-metallic materials that are rolled up in or folded form and are manufactured at the coating is endless in a continuous process be moved through the plant.
  • These include, for example Wires of all thicknesses, strips and long profiles, tubes and similar products.
  • Non-aqueous electrolytes in the sense of the invention Systems called, the controlled pure separation of the Metal or the metal alloy, in particular aluminum and aluminum alloys via the electrolysis process without Intermediate or carrier layer, allow.
  • Wire in a preferred embodiment, as continuous products Wire, strips, long profiles or tubes made of metallic or non-metallic materials. It is preferred that these materials with aluminum or aluminum alloys be coated.
  • Figure 1 shows a process diagram of the inventive method.
  • FIG. 2 shows an illustration of the lock system
  • FIG. 3 shows a coating cell.
  • Figure 4 shows the contacting cell.
  • FIG. 5 shows a diagram of the overall process.
  • Figure 1 shows the individual process steps of the invention Process.
  • the continuous product for example unwound from a reel and initially over a lock sluiced into the coating system.
  • a cleaning process can be carried out by using the continuous product a gas wiping or spray nozzle is guided (see also figure 2, paragraph 11).
  • Activation of the material to be coated With the Number 3 is a flushing unit in which the material rinsed after activation.
  • Section 4 describes a deflection unit with one or more rollers. This will used to reduce the overall size of the facility and is particularly useful for small diameter continuous products meaningful.
  • the following paragraphs 5 describe individual ones Contacting cells, the numbers 6 the coating cells and the numbers 7 the aftercare.
  • the coated product is then at the end of the process on an appropriate Reel rolled up.
  • the electrolytic Coating in the plant a chemical or electrochemical Post-treatment can be carried out. This can also be associated with a simultaneous or subsequent color design within the surface structure. During the after-treatment, mechanical surface compaction takes place, which results in a very shiny surface whereby this is not influenced in the aftertreatment.
  • the entire System designed with closed regeneration cycles, and all liquids used are circulating processed, cleaned and returned. This is particularly the case for the rinsing solutions, the electrolyte solutions and the Activation solution that filters and / or distils as needed can be.
  • the continuous product through the lock system and the flushing system each led to at least three chambers, the middle Chamber B is filled with a barrier liquid and the outer Chamber A contains air and the inner chamber C contains an inert gas contains (see also Figure 2).
  • the continuous products are not gas and liquid-tight guides into the chambers, so that the liquid in the chambers partially into the Neighboring chambers are running.
  • FIG. 5 The ones designated in FIG. 5 are similar Rinsing chambers constructed, so that here, too, from those in front Do not bath any liquid or gas in the following Can reach chambers.
  • the is the chambers through the overflow or through the guides Liquid cleaned via a circulation system and into the respective Chamber returned.
  • the contacting is preferably carried out in a liquid electrolyte filled chamber that contains no anode, being the continuous product via a cathodically connected metal contact to be led.
  • the liquid level of this contacting cell is preferably lower than that of the neighboring coating cell, so that electrolyte solution through the guides get from the coating chamber into the contacting chamber can and so by the purity of the electrolytic solution impurities carried in from the contacting chamber cannot be reduced
  • the electrolytic coating in a coating chamber, which is filled with electrolytic solution, the continuous product is passed through a socket that is insulated.
  • the order the contacting and coating cells can be in any frequency, depending on the length and size of the Investment.
  • the special feature of the invention is that also in this area the wire inside the electrolyte fluid must be located, but the contact outside of the direct Coating areas is.
  • the closure of the environment takes place in addition to the inert atmosphere via flood systems, similar to the lock systems mentioned.
  • the Contacting can be carried out according to the invention via spring-loaded Contact elements are made by grinding or rolling, one flexible diameter adjustment is possible.
  • the Wire through specially designed deflection systems several times Coating units are guided, so that a low Length limited highly effective facility is possible.
  • Especially appropriate design of the system technology and The method is provided by a storage container Plant shutdown, the continuous product in its original Leave position to unlike classic Procedure to get no start-up losses.
  • the invention ensures that mechanical or physico-chemical stripping processes not uniformity or homogeneity of the applied surface layer influence.
  • it is possible to the aluminum electrodes in the coating cells without any problems exchange and resume operation immediately.
  • the auxiliary units such as filters and storage systems for Lock fluid, cleaning media and electrolytes are designed according to the invention so that a closed environmentally independent operation is possible. waste products are recyclable in a concentrated form.
  • the described method offers the invention described components the possibility of a chemical Passivation of the coating, which is a significant increase which represents corrosion resistance.
  • One according to the invention possible color nuances of the coating itself, not as an order, increases the mechanical resistance of this Coloring significantly compared to paints.
  • the procedure Selection of the coating materials on which the invention is based and electrolytes increased over those shown classical methods of corrosion resistance considerable both in the acidic and in the alkaline range.
  • the exit areas of the wire from the coating and Rinsing tract it becomes possible to dry the wire in dryer or even in thickened form in the desired colors and to receive appropriate coating requirements.
  • Another object of the invention is a device for electrolytic coating of metallic or non-metallic Continuous products with metals or metal alloys in a continuous process from aprotic water and oxygen free Electrolytes, consisting of a coating system with at least one lock system 1, at least a contacting cell 5, at least one coating cell 6, these assemblies in any number are connected in series and the entire device is encapsulated airtight.
  • the coating system draws are characterized in that they have an activation unit 2 and a Rinsing unit 3 includes in this order and an unwinding unit for the uncoated continuous product outside of encapsulated coating system is arranged.
  • Such Device also serves to carry out the invention Process.
  • Figure 2 shows a view of the lock system 1.
  • the middle chamber B has a liquid overflow 16 and chambers A and C are designed as overflow chambers are.
  • Chambers A, B and C particularly preferably have one Drain 20, 22 and 23, with the middle chamber in addition has an inlet 21 through which the in the chambers A and C collected barrier liquid into the middle chamber B can be traced back.
  • the number 14 designates one Storage tank, the number 15 a corresponding pump. With the Number 9 denotes the wire guide, number 17 denotes Chamber A, Section 18 Chamber B and Section 19 Chamber C.
  • Numeral 12 denotes the continuous product, that is passed through the chamber and number 11 is preferred used gas wiping or spray nozzle for additional Cleaning the surface of the through the plant led continuous product 12.
  • the numbers 24 and 25 are designated the inner chamber walls, number 13 a removable plate for sockets. This makes it possible To use continuous products of different diameters, whereby then the corresponding socket can also be used got to.
  • Numeral 10 denotes the liquid level.
  • Figure 3 shows a coating cell.
  • Figures 3a, 3b and 3d show different views of the one in the cell Carrier 28 for the continuous product 12.
  • Figure 3a shows one Front view
  • Figure 3b is a side view
  • Figure 3d a At sight.
  • Figure 3c is a perspective view of the entire coating cell 6.
  • Section 27 shows the ceramic bushing divided into two parts. This is opposite to the direction of the imported continuous product arranged removably from the insulating material and can, for example, against sockets with a modified Diameter can be exchanged.
  • Figure 3c shows the entire coating cell 6 with the anode plates 26 and the carrier 28 arranged in the middle and the socket 27.
  • the coating cell 6 preferably has guides for guidance of the continuous product 12, which are designed so that a uniform distance between those in the coating cell arranged anodes 26 and the continuous product to be coated 12 is guaranteed.
  • the coating cell has an overflow and an inlet for electrolyte.
  • the guides in the coating cells consist of a Carrier 28 made of insulating material which pierces in the middle is, bushings 27 are arranged in the through bore, which can only be inserted on one side and in a preferred manner Made of ceramic material and for easy interchangeability for continuous products of different diameters are divided.
  • Figure 4 shows an image of the contacting cell 5.
  • Figure 4a represents an enlargement of the contact area as Side view.
  • Figure 4b shows a perspective view the contacting cell 5.
  • the Section 12 designates the continuous product. This is between a metal roller 29 which is under cathodic voltage and passed through a non-conductive ceramic tension roller 30, with the number 32 the notches in the metal rollers are designated for better guidance of the continuous product 12. With the number 33 are the holding elements for the metal rollers and the ceramic tension rollers.
  • Figure 4a shows one enlarged section of the contact area.
  • the digit 29 shows the metal roller, number 31 a bronze bushing Power supply, section 12 the continuous product and section 30 are the ceramic tensioners. With these the preload set via springs or set screws for the continuous product.
  • the contacting cell 5 is preferably designed such that that in it a metal roller or a sliding contact is arranged, via which the continuous product is connected cathodically becomes.
  • one or more ceramic tensioners can be used for setting the preload in the contacting cell be arranged.
  • the metal roller has a notch over which the continuous product is led.
  • an overflow is preferably arranged so that from the electrolysis cell urgent electrolytes in a collection system can be dissipated.
  • FIG. 5 shows a view of the coating cell 6 Contacting cell 5 and the rinsing units 3.
  • Figure 5a shows the supervision of these cells and
  • Figure 5b is a side view.
  • the rinsing units 3 in a similar way are designed like the ones described above Lock systems in Figure 2. They also have one Overflow, as well as neighboring overflow chambers, the middle Chamber is filled with liquid. This can run through the impervious guides into the neighboring chambers and is collected through appropriate processes and in the rinsing chambers returned.
  • the number 5 are the contacting cells described. These are preferably the coating cells 6 adjacent and filled with electrolyte.
  • the number 6 shows the coating cells with the anodes 26 and the carriers 28 made of insulating material with those therein Ceramic bushings 29 for guiding the continuous products 12 in the coating cells.
  • the coating cells are too filled with electrolyte and have an overflow, one Drain and an inlet through which the respective electrolyte liquids circulated, cleaned and returned can.
  • the device according to the invention has considerable advantages on previously known devices for metallization of continuous products. So the wire is over non-conductive Pipes and roller guides inside the device, specifically but in the electric field of the coating cell 6, stable positioning. It is through this stable guidance possible, several parallel strands of continuous products, for example several wires, also in a vertical arrangement to lead through the device without causing undesirable electrical contacts and an even distance to the anode is guaranteed.
  • rinsing units 3 and Contacting cells 5 is an electrical intermediate contact outside the area of effect of the anode material possible, with the continuous product remaining in the electrolyte.
  • the transmission of electrical energy in the contacting cells 5 can both form sliding contacts of flexible contact pins, which are spring-loaded, as well as via resilient contact rollers.
  • the continuous product can remain in the chambers without an overreaction on the Surface, such as over-pickling or one-sided over-coating, can take place, while maintaining the inert atmosphere in the system the reaction media in the intermediate containers be stored outside the reaction spaces.
  • an exchange of the anode material in the Standstill can take place without the material to be coated to remove from the system.
  • inventive method and the inventive It is possible to manufacture continuous products in an industrial device procedure to be carried out and a corresponding Coating device with metals, in particular aluminum.
  • the inventive method and the inventive Device thus replace the previously used Process of hot-dip aluminizing, hot-dip galvanizing and electrolytic Coating in aqueous media.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Wire Processing (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Printed Wiring (AREA)

Claims (28)

  1. Procédé de revêtement électrolytique de produits continus métalliques ou non métalliques de métaux ou d'alliages, à savoir en continu d'électrolytes aprotiques exempts d'eau et d'oxygène, le produit continu étant mené par un système à écluse (1) dans une installation étanche de revêtement se trouvant sous l'atmosphère de gaz inerte, et les étapes suivantes y étant réalisées à des températures ≤ 120° C dans l'ordre suivant :
    activer le produit continu à revêtir
    rincer le produit continu à revêtir
    contacter le produit continu à revêtir
    revêtement électrolytique du produit continu à revêtir de métal ou d'un alliage métallique
    sécher le produit continu revêtu
    sortie du produit continu revêtu de l'installation par un système à écluse
    caractérisé par le fait que le produit continu non revêtu est mené de l'extérieur par un système à écluse (1) dans l'installation étanche de revêtement, et que l'activation et le rinçage du produit continu à revêtir sont réalisés eux aussi dans l'installation étanche.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'on utilise du fil, des rubans, des profilés longs ou des tuyaux en matériaux métalliques ou non métalliques comme produits continus.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que le revêtement est réalisé avec de l'aluminium ou avec des alliages d'aluminium.
  4. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait qu'un processus de nettoyage est effectué lors de l'introduction dans le système à écluse (1) en menant le produit continu (12) sur une buse à enlever le gaz ou sur un pulvérisateur (11).
  5. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait qu'un traitement ultérieur chimique ou électrochimique est effectué après le revêtement électrolytique dans l'installation.
  6. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que l'ensemble de l'installation est réalisée de manière fermée par des cycles de régénération, et que tous les liquides utilisés sont préparés, purifiés et recyclés en circulation.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que les liquides sont des solutions de rinçage, des solutions électrolytiques et des solutions d'activation.
  8. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé par le fait que le produit continu (12) est guidé par des unités de renvoi (4) afin de permettre des vitesses élevées de passage dans le cas d'installations courtes.
  9. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que le produit continu (12) est mené à travers le système à écluse (1) et l'unité de rinçage (3) se composant respectivement d'au moins 3 chambres (17, 18 et 19), la chambre de milieu B (18) étant remplie d'un liquide de blocage et la chambre extérieure A (17) contenant de l'air et là chambre intérieure C (19) contenant un gaz inerte.
  10. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé par le fait que les produits continus sont guidés dans les chambres par des guidages (9) non étanches à l'air et au liquide, de sorte que le liquide se trouvant dans les chambres coule en partie dans les chambres voisines.
  11. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé par le fait que les liquides s'écoulant par le trop-plein (16) ou les guidages (9) sont purifiés par un système de circulation et sont ramenés dans les chambres.
  12. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé par le fait que les guidages (9) sont des douilles ou rouleaux.
  13. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé par le fait que le contactage se fait dans une cellule de contactage (5) remplie d'électrolytes liquides, qui ne contient pas d'anode, le produit continu (12) étant guidé sur un contact métallique (29) connecté de façon cathodique.
  14. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé par le fait que le revêtement électrolytique est réalisé dans une cellule de revêtement (6) qui est remplie de solution électrolytique, le produit continu (12) étant mené à travers une douille (27) qui est isolée.
  15. Dispositif destiné au revêtement électrolytique de produits continus métalliques ou non métalliques (12) de métaux ou d'alliages métalliques, à savoir en continu d'électrolytes aprotiques exempts d'eau et d'oxygène, se composant d'une installation de revêtement avec au moins un système à écluse (1), d'au moins une cellule de contactage (5), d'au moins une cellule de revêtement (6), ces sous-groupes étant montés en série et l'ensemble de l'installation de revêtement étant étanche, caractérisé par le fait que l'installation de revêtement comprend une unité d'activation (2) et une unité de rinçage (3) dans cet ordre et qu'une unité de déroulement pour le produit continu non revêtu est disposée à l'extérieur de l'installation étanche de revêtement.
  16. Dispositif selon la revendication 15, caractérisé par le fait que le système à écluse (1) se compose d'au moins trois chambres A, B et C (17, 18, 19), la chambre de milieu B (18) présentant un trop-plein de liquide et les chambres A et C (17, 19) étant réalisées comme chambres de trop-plein.
  17. Dispositif selon les revendications 15 ou 16, caractérisé par le fait que les chambres A, B et C (17, 18, 19) disposent d'un déchargeoir (20, 22, 23) et que la chambre de milieu B (18) présente en sus une amenée (21) à travers laquelle le liquide de blocage recueilli dans les chambres A, C (17, 19) est ramené dans la chambre de milieu B (18).
  18. Dispositif selon les revendications 15 à 17, caractérisé par le fait qu'une buse à enlever le gaz ou un pulvérisateur (11) est disposé(e) dans la chambre C (19).
  19. Dispositif selon les revendications 15 à 18, caractérisé par le fait que la chambre de milieu B (18) du système à écluse (1) possède un trop-plein (16).
  20. Dispositif selon les revendications 15 à 19, caractérisé par le fait qu'un rouleau métallique (29) ou un contact frottant est disposé dans, la cellule de contactage (5), par lequel le produit continu (12) est connecté de façon cathodique.
  21. Dispositif selon les revendications 14 à 20, caractérisé par le fait qu'un ou plusieurs rouleaux de tension en céramique (30) destiné(s) à régler la précontrainte sont disposés dans la cellule de contactage (5).
  22. Dispositif selon les revendications 15 à 21, caractérisé par le fait que le rouleau métallique (29) présente une entaille (32) sur laquelle le produit continu (12) est guidé.
  23. Dispositif selon les revendications 15 à 22, caractérisé par le fait qu'un trop-plein (16) est disposé dans la cellule de contactage (5), de sorte que l'électrolyte venant de la cellule de revêtement (6) peut être transporté dans un système collecteur.
  24. Dispositif selon les revendications 15 à 23, caractérisé par le fait que des guidages (27) pour le guidage du produit continu (12) sont disposés dans la cellule de revêtement (6).
  25. Dispositif selon les revendications 15 à 24, caractérisé par le fait que des anodes (26) sont disposées dans la cellule de revêtement (6).
  26. Dispositif selon les revendications 15 à 25, caractérisé par le fait que la cellule de revêtement (6) présente un trop-plein (16) et une amenée (21).
  27. Dispositif selon les revendications 15 à 26, caractérisé par le fait que les guidages (9) dans la cellule de revêtement (6) se composent d'un support en matière isolante (28) qui est percé au milieu, des douilles (27) qui ne peuvent être introduites qu'à une extrémité étant disposées dans le perçage.
  28. Dispositif selon les revendications 15 à 27, caractérisé par le fait que les douilles (27) se composent dune matière céramique et sont séparées pour être plus facilement échangeables.
EP98922715A 1997-04-19 1998-04-15 Procede de revetement electrolytique de produits continus metalliques ou non metalliques et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede Expired - Lifetime EP0975826B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19716493A DE19716493C2 (de) 1997-04-19 1997-04-19 Verfahren zum elektrolytischen Beschichten von metallischen oder nichtmetallischen Endlosprodukten und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE19716493 1997-04-19
PCT/EP1998/002196 WO1998048081A2 (fr) 1997-04-19 1998-04-15 Procede de revetement electrolytique de produits continus metalliques ou non metalliques et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0975826A2 EP0975826A2 (fr) 2000-02-02
EP0975826B1 true EP0975826B1 (fr) 2002-07-03

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EP98922715A Expired - Lifetime EP0975826B1 (fr) 1997-04-19 1998-04-15 Procede de revetement electrolytique de produits continus metalliques ou non metalliques et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede

Country Status (9)

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US (1) US6340422B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0975826B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4411397B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE220130T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU7525798A (fr)
CA (1) CA2287179C (fr)
DE (2) DE19716493C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998048081A2 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA983275B (fr)

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US9149990B2 (en) * 2007-03-30 2015-10-06 Airbus Operations Gmbh Apparatus for the forming of a lay-up of fibre composite material
US9157160B2 (en) 2013-08-22 2015-10-13 Ashworth Bros., Inc. System and method for electropolishing or electroplating conveyor belts

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JPS63227797A (ja) * 1987-03-16 1988-09-22 Nisshin Steel Co Ltd 電気Ａｌめつきにおける金属板活性化処理法および処理液
DE3919069A1 (de) * 1989-06-10 1990-12-13 Studiengesellschaft Kohle Mbh Aluminiumorganische elektrolyte und verfahren zur elektrolytischen abscheidung von aluminium
EP0504704A1 (fr) * 1991-03-20 1992-09-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Prétraitement pour matériaux métalliques pour la déposition de métaux par électrolyse
US5779961A (en) * 1996-07-26 1998-07-14 General Electric Company Method of making a fiber reinforced thermoplastic extrusion

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DE19716493C2 (de) 2001-11-29
CA2287179C (fr) 2003-11-18
ATE220130T1 (de) 2002-07-15
JP4411397B2 (ja) 2010-02-10
DE19716493A1 (de) 1998-10-22
AU7525798A (en) 1998-11-13
US6340422B1 (en) 2002-01-22
JP2001521581A (ja) 2001-11-06
DE59804675D1 (de) 2002-08-08
WO1998048081A3 (fr) 1999-02-11
EP0975826A2 (fr) 2000-02-02
WO1998048081A2 (fr) 1998-10-29
ZA983275B (en) 1998-11-04
CA2287179A1 (fr) 1998-10-29

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