EP0963596B1 - Elektromechanisches schaltgerät - Google Patents
Elektromechanisches schaltgerät Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0963596B1 EP0963596B1 EP98910592A EP98910592A EP0963596B1 EP 0963596 B1 EP0963596 B1 EP 0963596B1 EP 98910592 A EP98910592 A EP 98910592A EP 98910592 A EP98910592 A EP 98910592A EP 0963596 B1 EP0963596 B1 EP 0963596B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- switching
- sensor
- switching device
- inductance
- magnetic field
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
- H01H2071/048—Means for indicating condition of the switching device containing non-mechanical switch position sensor, e.g. HALL sensor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electromagnetic Switching device with at least one movable contact and associated drive in a device housing, with at least a magnetic field sensor means for contactless Detection of the switching status at a suitable point arranged inside and / or outside of the device housing are and each with one of several switching states linked magnetic field values, the device housing has a control handle intended for manual release, whose position is monitored.
- Switching states of electromechanical protective switching devices are characterized by triggering the switch mechanism and can therefore be determined by detecting the change in position Components such as the control handle the magnet armature usually present or an associated one Bimetallic, and the associated appearance more powerful Magnetic fields can be detected in the event of overcurrent or short circuit.
- magnetically sensitive sensors such as D ifferential- H general E FFECT (DHE) sensor, G iant- M agneto- R esistive (GMR) sensor and A nisotropic- M agneto (AMR intended to detect R esistive sensor, in particular movement of the shift handle of a circuit breaker from its accompanying rotary movement of the drive strap -).
- DHE D ifferential- H general E FFECT
- GMR G iant- M agneto- R esistive
- AMR A nisotropic- M agneto
- the latter DHE, GMR and AMR sensors each contain one integrated electronics and supply standardized output signals, with a GMR sensor in particular an additional differential amplifier needed.
- the GMR sensors in particular still have the peculiarity of poor stability of the sensor properties against magnetic overload. Overall are the previously known sensors are comparatively complex and expensive.
- the object of the invention is a switching device with robust and inexpensive sensor elements for position monitoring to create magnetic field-carrying parts.
- the Magnetic field sensor is a miniature inductor that comes with Ferrite core forms an inductance sensor with which the Position of the control handle or one coupled to it Part is monitored and especially the flowing in the switching device Current is detected, the permeability of the ferrite core the miniature inductance through the action of external Magnetic fields is changed. Especially with pronounced The axial geometry of the miniature inductor is clear Field direction sensitivity before.
- Miniature inductors used according to the invention are from State of the art known per se, for example from DE 40 20 305 A1. Surprisingly, such are known Miniature inductors for the application of state detection suitable for switchgear.
- the variable inductance the miniature inductance can preferably be with a Oscillator circuit can be evaluated.
- FIG. 1 shows the selected on a test facility, spatial arrangement of a sensor system for a circuit breaker, where the sensors are outside the switch housing is located at a short distance from the housing side wall and is shown in projection on the switching device:
- a switch housing 1 At a switch housing 1 are terminals in a known manner 2 and 3, a contact arrangement of fixed contact 4 and Moving contact 5, associated connections with a bimetal as Line connection 7 and a solenoid 8 available and reproduced in a simplified representation.
- the fixed contact 4 is located on a rigid contact carrier 40, the moving contact 5 on a movable contact carrier 50 which over a drive bracket 51 made of ferromagnetic material and a turning handle 52 can be activated.
- under is the movable one Contact carrier 50 attached a permanent magnet 11, the one Inductance sensor 60 with electrical connections 61, 62 assigned.
- the permanent magnet 11 has a field-strengthening Iron sheet 12 provided.
- the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 11 coupled onto the drive bracket 51 and for strengthening the iron sheet 12 on the from Drive bracket 51 facing away from the permanent magnet applied, which the inductance sensor 60 approximately up to whose center towers over.
- the inductance sensor 60 is located between the approximately parallel legs of a U-shaped Magnetic circuit from drive bracket 51 and sheet iron 12, the Cross leg is formed by the permanent magnet 11.
- the direction of magnetization is chosen so that the Magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of Figure 1 from the Permanent magnet 11 exits.
- a Rectangle generator 101 with an amplitude of, for example ⁇ 15 V, a frequency ⁇ 1 MHz and a current consumption - 1 mA a signal circuit and the output signal via a Differential amplifier 111 processed further.
- the measuring circuit contains, in addition to the actual measuring branch, a compensation branch for determining the zero differential voltage. Both measuring branches are largely constructed identically in order to avoid a temperature drift of the output voltage, which is dependent on the diode properties.
- L is the variable inductance of inductance sensor 60.
- the RC elements are used for signal integration.
- Figure 4 shows the associated measurement oscillogram with the temporal Course of the sensor signal Is and its influence by the magnetic field of the electrical flowing in the switch Current.
- an iron shield for example with 0.8 mm iron sheet on the outside to provide the sensor device. From the oscillogram it can be seen that the magnetic field is the field of the permanent magnet superimposed and the position signal of the inductance sensor 60 modulated.
- the evaluation circuit according to Figure 3 is such modified that a differential circuit of two inductance sensors 60a and 60b with inductors L1 and L2, one of the sensors 60a and 60b each having a capacitance 104 connected to one of the evaluation branches with C1 ⁇ 6.8 nF is. Otherwise the arrangement corresponds to that in FIG 1 described arrangement.
- Such a differential inductance sensor delivers a significantly smaller interference signal from the im Switch of flowing electrical current.
- Miniature circuit breakers with about 100 A reach the interference signal of the differential inductance sensor 60 'about half Signal swing between on and off position.
- the magnetic field influence mainly stems from the trip coil forth what in detail from the oscillograms according to the figures 7 to 9 can be derived.
- the magnetic field sensitivity of in particular magnetic preloaded inductance sensors can also be used for a rough Current measurement can be used.
- FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 shows the geometric arrangement of the switching device Figure 1 reproduced, in the area of the solenoid 8th an inductance sensor 60 'at a distance of 2 mm from the outside of the housing is arranged. Is assigned to the inductance sensor 60 'in turn a permanent magnet 11' with a field-strengthening Iron plate 12 '. It is particularly clear from FIG. 11 that with the inductance sensor 60 'by the magnetic field determination A rough current measurement is possible at the trigger coil is because of the magnetic bias of the sensor Sensitivity is increased.
- FIG. 15 shows the geometric assignment in detail of an inductance sensor 60 ′′ to a rotatably mounted one Permanent magnet 11 ''.
- the sensor's inductance signal 60 ′′ can be processed further by the evaluation circuit in FIG. 3 and is shown as an oscillogram in Figure 16.
- Figure 16 shows the oscillographically measured voltage signal Ws depending on the angle of rotation.
- the sensor signal is from Distance between sensor 60 '' and permanent magnet 11 'depending and its period is 180 ° of the angle of rotation. For the half period The angle of rotation and the sensor signal are therefore 90 ° clearly assigned to each other.
- the measurement signal curve in FIG. 16 is influenced by the tuning of the evaluation circuit and has approximately a sine square curve.
- the sensitive measuring range extends over a rotation angle range of approximately 25 °. While the measurement signal in the interval from 60 to 120 ° according to Figure 16 deviates strongly from the sinusoidal curve, the sensor inductance shows a monotonically increasing curve between L 0 ⁇ 185 ⁇ H to L 90 ⁇ 90 ⁇ H in the interval from 0 to 90 ° rotation angle. Due to the strong permanent magnetic field and the resulting large voltage swing of the measurement signal of 2 V, the sensitivity to interference from external magnetic fields is relatively low.
- the one built with the described miniature inductor Angle sensor can therefore be used to detect a switching state Motor protection switch are used, the switching position and the short-circuit release by the angle of rotation position of the associated waves are marked.
- the evaluation circuits in FIGS. 3 and 5 show that the electronic effort in the applications described the miniature inductors is low and in the essentially on a square wave generator with high frequency and Constant amplitude at low current load and one Differential amplifier for generating a 0 V related Output signal relates. This is a switchgear with Position monitoring realized that only a minor additional effort required.
Landscapes
- Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)
- Breakers (AREA)
- Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Figur 1
- ein Schaltgerät mit einem Induktivitätssensor und zugehörigen Permanentmagneten, die beide außerhalb des Schaltergehäuses angebracht sind.
- Figur 2
- eine Explosionszeichnung der Sensoranordnung und des Antriebsbügels aus Figur 1 zur Verdeutlichung der Positionserfassung,
- Figur 3
- eine Auswerteschaltung zur Messung der Induktivitätsänderung des in Figur 1 verwendeten Induktivitätssensors,
- Figur 4
- ein Oszillogramm zur Handausschaltung eines Leitungsschutzschalters,
- Figur 5
- eine symmetrische Auswerteschaltung zur Messung der Induktivitätsänderung eines Differenz-Induktivitätssensors,
- Figur 6
- ein Oszillogramm der Handausschaltung eines Leitungsschutzschalters mit einem Differenz-Induktivitätssensor,
- Figuren 7 bis 9
- verschiedene Oszillogramme zur Verdeutlichung des Schaltverhaltens,
- Figur 10
- ein Schaltgerät entsprechend Figur 1, bei dem ein Induktivitätssensor und zugehöriger Permanentmagneten mit feldverstärkendem Eisenblech außerhalb des Schaltgerätes zur Strommessung in der Schaltspule angebracht sind,
- Figur 11
- eine Explosionszeichnung zur Verdeutlichung von Figur 10,
- Figuren 12 bis 14
- Oszillogramme des Schaltverhaltens beim Schaltgerät gemäß Figur 10,
- Figur 15
- die Anordnung einer Miniaturinduktivität mit Permanentmagnet als Winkel- oder Näherungssensor und
- Figur 16
- ein Oszillogramm zur Erläuterung der Wirkung von Figur 15.
Claims (8)
- Elektromechanisches Schaltgerät mit wenigstens einem beweglichen Kontakt (5) und zugehörigem Antrieb in einem Gerätegehäuse (1) mit wenigstens einen Magnetfeldsensor (60) umfassenden Mitteln (11, 60) zur berührungslosen Erkennung des Schaltzustandes, die an geeigneter Stelle innerhalb und/oder außerhalb des Gerätegehäuses (1) angeordnet sind und die mit jeweils einem von mehreren Schaltzuständen verknüpfte Magnetfeldwerte erfassen, wobei das Gerätegehäuse (1) einen zur Handauslösung bestimmten Schaltgriff (52) aufweist, dessen Position überwacht wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Magnetfeldsensor eine hochempfindliche Miniatur-Induktivität (60, 60a, 60b, 60', 60'') ist, die mit einem Ferritkern einen Induktivitätssensor bildet, mit dem die Position des Schaltgriffes, (52) oder eines damit gekoppelten Teiles (51) überwacht und insbesondere der im Schaltgerät fließende Strom erfaßt wird, wobei die Permeabilität des Ferritkerns der Miniatur-Induktivität (60, 60a, 60b, 60', 60'') durch die Wirkung von äußeren Magnetfeldern verändert wird.
- Schaltgerät nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei ausgeprägter axialer Geometrien der Miniatur-Induktivität (60, 60a, 60b, 60', 60'') eine deutliche Feldrichtungsempfindlichkeit des Sensors vorliegt.
- Schaltgerät nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Auswerteschaltung (100) vorhanden ist, mit welcher der Induktivitätswert (L, L1, L2) der Miniatur-Induktivität (60, 60a, 60b) mit einer Oszillatorschaltung (100) ausgewertet wird.
- Schaltgerät nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Induktivitätssensor (60) mit einem zugeordneten Permanentmagneten (11) und einem zusätzlichen Eisenblech (12) zur Feldverstärkung zwecks Erfassung des Ein-/Ausschaltzustandes des Schaltgriffes (52) neben einem ferromagnetischen Antriebsbügel (51) für den Schaltgriff (52) angeordnet ist.
- Schaltgerät nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auswerteschaltung (100) durch einen Rechteckgenerator (101) gespeist wird und daß das Ausgangssignal über einen Differenzverstärker (111) weiterverarbeitet wird.
- Schaltgerät nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Differenzschaltung zweier Induktivitätssensoren (60a, 60b) vorhanden ist.
- Elektromechanisches Schaltgerät nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei eine Magnetspule als Auslösemittel vorhanden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Magnetfeldempfindlichkeit der Miniaturinduktivität (60'') für eine Strommessung in der Auslösespule (8) ausgenutzt wird.
- Schaltgerät nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Miniaturinduktivitäten (60'') als Näherungs- und/oder Winkelsensor verwendbar sind, wenn als Geberelement ein Permanentmagnet (11'') vorhanden ist, der mit dem zu überwachenden Bauteil des Schaltgerätes (1) verbunden ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19707724 | 1997-02-26 | ||
DE19707724 | 1997-02-26 | ||
PCT/DE1998/000357 WO1998038666A1 (de) | 1997-02-26 | 1998-02-09 | Elektromechanisches schaltgerät |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0963596A1 EP0963596A1 (de) | 1999-12-15 |
EP0963596B1 true EP0963596B1 (de) | 2002-09-11 |
Family
ID=7821565
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98910592A Expired - Lifetime EP0963596B1 (de) | 1997-02-26 | 1998-02-09 | Elektromechanisches schaltgerät |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6104592A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0963596B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4358308B2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59805512D1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1998038666A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102010043744A1 (de) * | 2010-11-11 | 2012-05-16 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Schaltungsanordnung sowie Verfahren zur Überwachung des Schaltens einer Energiequelle zur Versorgung eines Elektroantriebs |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6741158B2 (en) * | 2002-07-18 | 2004-05-25 | Honeywell International Inc. | Magnetically sensed thermostat control |
US20050246114A1 (en) * | 2004-04-29 | 2005-11-03 | Rannow Randy K | In-line field sensor |
DE102004044378A1 (de) * | 2004-09-10 | 2006-03-30 | Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh | Schaltereinheit |
JP4918993B2 (ja) * | 2005-07-22 | 2012-04-18 | 横河電機株式会社 | 角度センサ |
US8344724B2 (en) | 2009-11-06 | 2013-01-01 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Non-intrusive monitoring of power and other parameters |
US8299798B2 (en) * | 2010-06-29 | 2012-10-30 | National Instruments Corporation | Relay test system and method |
JP6321592B2 (ja) * | 2015-08-20 | 2018-05-09 | ファナック株式会社 | 誘導形近接センサを用いた二重化タッチスイッチ |
CN109045428B (zh) * | 2016-10-03 | 2021-06-29 | 捷普科技(上海)有限公司 | 药剂分配器 |
GB2591796A (en) * | 2020-02-07 | 2021-08-11 | Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd | Circuit breaker and method for operating a circuit breaker |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3121234C1 (de) * | 1981-05-27 | 1983-02-24 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Verfahren und Schaltungsanordnung zur Messung eines Magnetfeldes,insbesondere des Erdmagnetfeldes |
DE3226266C1 (de) * | 1982-07-14 | 1983-12-29 | Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | Ausfall-Warnvorrichtung für elektrische Verbraucher |
US4698621A (en) * | 1984-09-25 | 1987-10-06 | Masot Oscar V | Circuit breaker panels with alarm system |
IN161314B (de) * | 1984-09-25 | 1987-11-07 | Oscar Vila Masot | |
JPS61102712A (ja) * | 1984-10-26 | 1986-05-21 | Kyocera Corp | チツプ型コイル素子 |
DE3738455A1 (de) * | 1986-11-25 | 1988-06-01 | Landis & Gyr Ag | Anordnung zum messen eines flussarmen magnetfeldes |
US5115197A (en) * | 1990-03-26 | 1992-05-19 | Giusseppe Brandolino | Fluxgate sensor having adjustable core extending beyond a coil winding and a gradiometer incorporating a pair of sensors |
WO1991018299A1 (fr) * | 1990-05-19 | 1991-11-28 | Nkk Corporation | Dispositif detecteur de magnetisme |
DE4020305A1 (de) * | 1990-06-26 | 1992-01-09 | Siemens Ag | Spule zur oberflaechenmontage |
JP3027242B2 (ja) * | 1990-10-04 | 2000-03-27 | ヴェルナー トゥルク ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング ウント コンパニー コマンディトゲゼルシャフト | 誘導近接スイッチ |
EP0685866B1 (de) * | 1994-06-01 | 1997-10-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Überwachungsgerät zur Zustandserfassung bei elektromechanischen Schutzschaltern |
DE4430382A1 (de) * | 1994-08-26 | 1996-02-29 | Siemens Ag | Elektromechanisches Schaltgerät |
DE19511795A1 (de) * | 1994-08-26 | 1996-10-02 | Siemens Ag | Elektromechanisches Schaltgerät |
US5617023A (en) * | 1995-02-02 | 1997-04-01 | Otis Elevator Company | Industrial contactless position sensor |
DE19529385C2 (de) * | 1995-08-10 | 1999-12-30 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Elektrischer Schalter |
DE19707729C2 (de) * | 1996-02-26 | 2000-05-11 | Siemens Ag | Elektromechanisches Schaltgerät |
US5754387A (en) * | 1996-06-13 | 1998-05-19 | Eaton Corporation | Method of monitoring contactor operation |
DE19741367C1 (de) * | 1997-09-19 | 1999-02-25 | Siemens Ag | Elektrischer Schalter |
-
1998
- 1998-02-09 DE DE59805512T patent/DE59805512D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-02-09 EP EP98910592A patent/EP0963596B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-02-09 JP JP53715498A patent/JP4358308B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-02-09 WO PCT/DE1998/000357 patent/WO1998038666A1/de active IP Right Grant
-
1999
- 1999-08-26 US US09/383,869 patent/US6104592A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102010043744A1 (de) * | 2010-11-11 | 2012-05-16 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Schaltungsanordnung sowie Verfahren zur Überwachung des Schaltens einer Energiequelle zur Versorgung eines Elektroantriebs |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1998038666A1 (de) | 1998-09-03 |
JP4358308B2 (ja) | 2009-11-04 |
DE59805512D1 (de) | 2002-10-17 |
US6104592A (en) | 2000-08-15 |
EP0963596A1 (de) | 1999-12-15 |
JP2001513251A (ja) | 2001-08-28 |
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