Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
  • E01B2/00—General structure of permanent way
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
  • E01B2/00—General structure of permanent way
  • E01B2/006—Deep foundation of tracks
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
  • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
  • E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
  • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
  • E04H12/22—Sockets or holders for poles or posts
  • E04H12/2253—Mounting poles or posts to the holder
  • E04H12/2269—Mounting poles or posts to the holder in a socket
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D2300/00—Materials
  • E02D2300/0026—Metals
  • E02D2300/0029—Steel; Iron

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a tube fundament for a mast, especially for an elec- trifying mast of a railway line, as well as a tube fundament of this kind.
• a significant problem related to the installation is caused by a rock close to the surface of the ground, which hinders a rapid progress of the installation work and increases work expenses, because it is necessary to mobilize a special work team to quarry the rock hindering the installation.
• an electrifying mast for railway lines is founded in the ground so that a hole, having a diameter of about 400 mm and a depth of about 4 m, is drilled into the ground, a steel tube element of substantially same size is introduced into the hole, the upper end of which is provided with a plate for the attachment of the electrifying mast, concrete glue is pumped into the steel tube under pressure until the concrete glue is pressed out through an aperture provided around the tube.
• a drawback related to this previously known method is that a tube to be driven into the ground as well as the driving equipment are in the practice so massive that said equipment must be installed in railway carriage, where-fore the railway line to be electrified cannot be in normal operation during the installation. For said reasons, the installation involves great total expenses also by this method.
• the invention relates also to a tube fundament for a mast, especially for an electrifying mast of a railway line, which tube fundament is characterized by at least two steel tubes driven adjacently into the ground and filled with concrete and forming a small angle with each other, an anchoring tube embedded in the concrete filled into each steel tube, whereby the upper end of the anchoring tube is provided with means for the attachment of said anchoring tube to the attachment means of the other anchoring tubes of the tube fundament as well as a plate for the attachment of the mast, which plate is attached to one of the attachment means.
• the steel tubes can be driven into the ground from railway embankment so that the passing traffic will not be disturbed.
• a significant cost saving is reached by the fact that when using a tube having a diameter of about 200 mm, it is still possible to use an eccentrical driving method, whereby it is economical to leave said steel tube direct- ly in place as fundament. Said driving method does not work in a satisfactory manner, if said tube has a diameter of approximately 400 mm, which tube size must be used in a single-tube fundament for an electrifying mast of a railway line.
• the moment directed to an electrifying mast is different in the direction of the railway line and vertically to said line, which fact can easily be taken into consideration when the fundament comprises more than one steel tube.
• the skin friction between the tubes and the ground can be utilized, whereby also the stiffness (strength) of the system can be utilized.
• the method and the tube fundament according to the present invention is suitable for all ground conditions. No excavations are needed, and each fundament can be dimensioned individually without any difficulties.
• the tube fundament is ideal for an electrifying mast of a railway line, because the length of each tube to be driven into the ground, can be determined individually in each case in accordance with the ground conditions. Therefore, it is possible to provide an individual fundament for each mast, when necessary, which enables to secure that the fundament works reliably.
• the occurrence of a rock close to the surface of the ground is especially desir- able when using the tube fundament according to our invention, because a tube driven to a depth of 0,5 metres of an unbroken rock constitutes an ideal fundament for masts of all kinds.
• the tube fundament according to the invention is well suitable also for the use as a fundament for noise barriers or other protective fences and portals.
• Fig. 1 shows a diagrammatic representation of an embodiment of a tube fundament according to the invention, intended for an electrifying mast of a railway line,
• Fig. 2 shows a side view of an anchoring tube for a steel tube to be driven into the ground vertically
• Fig. 3 shows a bottom view of the anchoring tube shown in Fig. 2,
• Fig. 4 shows a side view of an anchoring tube for a steel tube to be driven into the ground diagonally
• Fig. 5 shows a bottom view of the anchoring tube shown in Fig. 4.
• the tube fundament comprises at least two steel tubes 1 to be driven adjacently into the ground, which, after having been driven into the ground, are filled with con- Crete 2.
• a steel anchoring tube 3a, 3b is introduced or inserted into each steel tube 1 filled with the concrete 2, the upper end of said anchoring tube is provided with means 4a, 4b for the attachment of said anchoring tubes 3a, 3b to the corresponding attachment means 4b, 4a of the other anchoring tubes 3b, 3a of the tube fundament, as well as to the mast 5 to be founded.
• the position of the anchoring tubes 3a, 3b is adjusted so that the attachment means 4a and 4b will be positioned horizontally one upon another, and the attachment means 4a and 4b are attached to each other, for instance by means of bolts.
• the mast 5 to be founded can be erected and attached to an attachment plate 6 welded to an upper surface of the upper attachment means 4a.
• the consistency of the concrete 2 is such that the anchoring tubes 3a, 3b, together with the attachment means 4a, 4b thereof, remain in the accurately adjusted position during the hardening process. Due to this, the fine adjustment of the attachment means 4a, 4b can easily be carried out while introducing the bond tubes 3a, 3b into the concrete 2 in the steel tubes 1.
• ground consists of several earth layers (stratums), wherefore the ground is generally non-homogeneous, anisotropic and discontinuous. Due to the discontinuity, rules of stress-strain dependence of a material which are derived in the mechanics of solid matter, are not applicable to ground materials. The mechanical properties of ground materials are affected by various factors such as particle form, particle size distribution and the density of the ground.
• a deformation generally will comprise an elastic part and a plastic part.
• Characterizing properties of ground materials are an unlinear elastic behaviour, hysteresis and Bauschinger phenomenon.
• a gap appearing behind the tube fundament and local collapsing of the ground are the main reasons for unlinear load-dislocation behaviour.
• the hysteresis phenomenon means a non-uniform load and release stress-strain path.
• the Bauschinger phenomenon means the fall of yield stress when the direction of load changes .
• Side capacity of the tube fundament means the greatest horizontal load resistance of the tube fundament, which corresponds to the collapse load of the ground or the yield moment of the tube fundament.
• the side capacity comprises the resistance of the surrounding ground and the flexural strength of the tube fundament.
• the permiss- ible side capacity is often determined by the permissible horizontal dislocation, because deformations may grow significantly much before the side capacity corresponding to the collapse load of the ground or of the pile is exceeded.
• the flexural strength of the tube fundament according to the invention is extremely good, especially at the upper end of the tube fundament, due to the strength of the system, which is achieved by the cooperation of the steel tubes 1, the concrete 2 casted to said tubes 1, the anchoring tubes 3a, 3b and the attachment means 4a, 4b.
• the tube fundament according to the invention comprising two adjacent steel tubes, it is possible rea- sonably to utilize the knowledge that the moment directed to an electrifying mast in the direction of the line differs from the moment directed to it perpendicularly to the line. Due to this, the steel tubes 1 are driven into the ground as shown in figure 1 so that the steel tubes 1 of each fundament, after they have been driven down into the proper position, are located on opposite sides of the mast line to be erected, whereby said tubes are directed so that a small angle is formed between them.
• the first steel tube 1 is driven down entirely vertically into the embankment of the railway line, outside the mast line to be erected, and the other steel tube 1 is driven down into the embankment in the area between the railway line and the mast line to be erected, whereby this other tube is driven down slightly diagonally, preferably at an angle of about 10 degrees to about 20 degrees with respect to the vertical level, so that the lower end of the steel tube 1 extends below the railway line.
• the anchoring tube 3b shown in Figs. 4 and 5, which is provided with the attachment means 4b, is introduced into the diagonally positioned steel tube 1 filled with concrete 2.
• Said attachment means 4b having a shape of an upwards open U-beam, is welded to the upper end of the anchoring tube 3b so that said attachment means 4b, when the anchoring tube 3b is properly positioned in the diagonally positioned steel tube 1, will be positioned entirely horizontally, when directed towards the verti- cally positioned steel tube 1.
• the anchoring tube 3a shown in Figs. 2 and 3, which is provided with the attachment means 4a, is introduced into the vertically positioned steel tube 1 filled with concrete 2 so that the attachment means 4a will be positioned upon the attachment means 4b.
• the attachment means 4a has a shape of a downwards open U-beam and is entirely perpendicularly welded to the upper end of the anchoring tube 3a.
• the attachment means 4a is so much broader than the attachment means 4b that said prior installed attachment means 4b fits into the attachment means 4a.
• the plate 6 for the attachment of the mast 5 is welded to the upper surface of the attachment means 4a. After the installation and the fine adjustment of both anchoring tubes 3a and 3b, the attachment means 4a and 4b are attached to each other, for instance by means of bolts.
• the attachment means 4b is provided preferably with three centrically located threaded fixing holes 7, and the attachment means 4a is provided correspondingly with three centrically situated fixing apertures 8, through which the bolts to be screwed into the attachment holes 8 are brought, and due to which apertures 8 the mutual position of the attachment means 4a and 4b can practically be regulated in accordance with the mutual distance of the installed steel tubes 1 of the tube fundament.
• the plate 6 for the attachment of an electrifying mast has preferably a rectangular shape and is provided with holes ( 9 ) or corresponding means for the attachment of the electrifying mast 5 to the tube fundament, for instance by means of bolts.
• the surfaces of the attachment means 4a and 4b and the upper ends the bond tubes 3a and 3b are treated. Suitable surface treatment is for instance hot galvanizing.
• a cutter shoe In order to facilitate the driving of the steel tube 1 into the ground, a cutter shoe, known as such, is attacted to the lower end of the steel tube.
• the steel tube 1 to be driven into the ground may have a length of between 1 500 mm to 6 000 mm, a diameter of between 114 mm to 273 mm and a wall thickness of between 4 mm to 12 mm.
• the anchoring tube 3a and 3b may have a length of between 1 000 mm to 2 000 mm, a diameter of between 85 mm to 170 mm and a wall thickness of between 5 mm to 25 mm.
• the plate 6 for the attachment of the mast 5 is to be dimensioned in accordance with the bottom plate of the mast 5 to be erected, and may e.g. for an electrifying mast 5 of a railway line have a rectangular shape and a length of 524 mm, a width of 400 mm and a thickness of 20 mm.
• a steel tube 1 to be driven into the ground, used in the double-tube fundament for an electrifying mast 5 of a railway line has a diameter of 193 mm and a wall thickness of 4 mm.
• an additional thick- walled steel tube 11 having a diameter of 168 mm and a wall thickness of 10 mm, is first embedded in the concrete, and only thereafter the bond tube 3a respectively 3b together with their attachment means 4a respectively 4b, are introduced into the concrete.
• the steel tubes 1 are first driven into the ground for the tube fundaments for all masts 5 to be erected and only after the driving works are carried out, the steel tubes 1 are filled with concrete 2 and the other parts 11, 3a, 3b of the tube fundament are introduced and installed in the manner described above.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

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• 1997
  • 1997-01-17 FI FI970017U patent/FI2894U1/fi active
• 1998
  • 1998-01-19 EP EP98900871A patent/EP0960241A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1998-01-19 WO PCT/FI1998/000039 patent/WO1998031877A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1999
  • 1999-07-16 NO NO993506A patent/NO993506L/no not_active Application Discontinuation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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