Classifications

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  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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  • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
  • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
  • C10M105/22—Carboxylic acids or their salts
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  • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
  • C10M129/28—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M129/38—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms
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  • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
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  • C10M129/38—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms
  • C10M129/42—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms polycarboxylic
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  • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
  • C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
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  • C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/242—Hot working
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/243—Cold working
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
  • C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
  • C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
  • C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
  • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles

Definitions

• This invention relates to a waterbome lubricant for the cold plastic working of metals (referred to below simply as the waterborne lubricant) that can be used in the cold plastic working (e.g., forging, tube drawing, wire drawing, and the like) of metals such as carbon steel, stainless steel, high-alloy steel, and the like.
• the cold plastic working e.g., forging, tube drawing, wire drawing, and the like
• metals such as carbon steel, stainless steel, high-alloy steel, and the like.
• a lubricant is typically used in the cold plastic working of metals, and a variety of lubricants are used for this purpose. As a general rule, the lubricant becomes sandwiched between the tool and workpiece and functions to reduce the friction coefficient and to extend tool life by preventing metal-to-metal contact.
• Conversion coatings are used in one approach to the application of the lubricating film to the workpiece. It is known that very good working results can be obtained when the lubricant is applied to the workpiece subsequent to the execution of a conversion coating treatment on the workpiece.
• This methodology makes possible working at high working ratios and also improves tool durability (see Kinzoku Hyomen Gijutsu Benran [Title in English: Handbook of Metal Finishing Technology], page 719 (1987), edited by Kinzoku Hyomen Gijutsu Kyokai [Title in English: Metal Finishing Society of Japan], published by Nikkan Kogyo Shinbunsha).
• the lubricant can be said to include the conversion coating, but in fact the conversion coating as initially applied does not have a lubrication-improving activity.
• a fluid lubricant of which typical examples are lubricating oils and waterbome lubricants, or with a solid lubricant such as molybdenum disulfide or a metal soap.
• the conversion coating is in some cases regarded in a narrow sense as a pretreatment (Tekko Shinsen yo no J ⁇ nkatsuzai Manyuar ⁇ , Kai- teiban [Title in English: Revised Lubricant Manual for Drawing Iron and Steel Wire], page 18 (1994), edited by the Lubricant Working Group of the Wire Drawing Technology Section of Nippon Sosei Kako Gakkai [Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity]).
• the conversion coating itself will vary as a function of the material of the workpiece.
• these conversion treatments are normally carried out after pickling with a prescribed concentration of hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid to remove annealing scale and after a post-pickling water rinse.
• Reactive soap treatment was first disclosed in German Patent Number 673,405 and subsequent thereto has gone on to become very widely used in wire drawing, tube drawing, and forging for the production of lubricating films for cold plastic working.
• a treatment bath consisting mainly of the aqueous solution of an alkali metal salt of a monomeric higher fatty acid, a so-called "soap".
• the phosphate coating dissolves into the aqueous soap solution, and the metal component of the phosphate and the fatty acid participate in a metathesis reaction that produces a divalent metal (e.g., zinc or calcium) soap.
• This divalent metal soap being insoluble in the aqueous alkali metal soap solution, precipitates onto the surface of the phosphate coating to generate a lubricating film.
• the reaction equation for the reaction of zinc phosphate with sodium stearate to produce a divalent metal soap are provided below by way of example: Zn 3 (PO4) 2 «4 H 2 O + 6 NaC 17 H 35 COO - 3 Zn(C 17 H 35 COO) 2 + 2 Na 3 PO 4 + 4 H 2 O
• Treatment bath is also taken up by the workpiece as it is withdrawn from the treatment bath, and as a result reactive soap coatings are believed to be composed of the following three layers considered in sequence from the metal surface: the phosphate coating, a divalent metal, water-insoluble soap layer, and a water-soluble soap layer.
• a reactive soap treatment bath is a so-called soap, that is, the alkali metal salt of a monomeric fatty acid such as sodium stearate, a buffer and rust preventive are ordinarily also added to the bath (James, Sheet Material Industries (3) (1961)).
• soap the alkali metal salt of a monomeric fatty acid such as sodium stearate, a buffer and rust preventive are ordinarily also added to the bath (James, Sheet Material Industries (3) (1961)).
• This reference also notes that the acidity or alkalinity of the reactive soap bath governs the reactivity.
• the English-language abstract for German Patent Application Number 256,804 describes a lubricant for the cold plastic working of metals that comprises an insoluble but water-dispersible soap, inorganic additive, polyvinyl alcohol, and surfactant.
• the polyvinyl alcohol is derivatized by 0.2 to 3 % modification with oxidant, and the lubricant composition contains a keto, carboxyl, and/or carboxylate modified salt.
• the English-language abstract for Russian Patent Application SU 279,841 describes a lubricant for the cold plastic working of metals that comprises alkali metal soap which is 25 to 50 % oleic acid, 15 to 20 % linoleic acid, and 5 to 10 % dihydroxystearic acid, and the lubricant also contains some triglycerides and other esters of these acids.
• Japanese Patent Application Laid Open [Kokai or Unexamined] Number Sho 57-40200 [40,200/1982] teaches the addition of an aqueous borax solution or a lime soap solution to a 2 to 5 % emulsion of ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer.
• the lime soap solution used here comprises quicklime, metal soap, aluminum stearate, and water.
• Japanese Patent Application Laid Open [Kokai or Unexamined] Number Hei 5- 156279 [156,279/1993] teaches a waterbome lubricant (reactive soap) for the plastic working of metals that characteristically contains (a) alkali metal salt of C 8 to C 22 saturated fatty acid and (b) alkali metal salt of C 8 to C 22 unsaturated fatty acid, wherein the quantity of the alkali metal salt of unsaturated fatty acid (b) is from 5 to 25 weight % of (a) + (b).
• This lubricant reportedly results in low dust generation during the working operation as well as little lubricant adhesion to the tool.
• the object of the present invention is to provide a waterbome lubricant for the cold plastic working of metals that has a lubrication performance at least as good as prior lubricants, but which also has a long bath life and generates little dust during cold plastic working operations.
• the present invention relates to:
• waterbome lubricants for the cold plastic working of metals that characteristically comprise, preferably consist essentially of, or more preferably consist of, water and (A) alkali metal salt(s) of dimer(s) and/or trimer(s) of C 10 to C 24 unsaturated fatty acid(s) having at least one double bond;
• waterbome lubricants as described in (1) or (2) that also contain a rust- preventive agent that is not part of alkali metal salt types (A) or (B) as described above; and/or (4) waterbome lubricants as described in (1) that also contain a buffer that is not an alkali metal salt of type (A) as described above; waterbome lubricants as described in (2) that also contain a buffer that is not an alkali metal salt of type (A) or of type (B) as described above; and waterbome lubricants as described in (3) that also contain a buffer that is not an alkali metal salt of type (A) or of type (B) as described above or a rust-preventive agent.
• dimer denotes an acid with at least two carboxyl groups per molecule afforded by vinylic addition oligomerization of two molecules of at least one unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid such as an unsaturated fatty acid containing a carbon-carbon double bond.
• Trimmer similarly refers to an acid with at least three carboxyl groups afforded by the oligomerization of three such molecules.
• the alkali metal salt component (A) is preferably constituted of alkali metal salt(s) of dimer(s) and/or trimer(s) of one or more C 10 to C 24 and particularly C 16 to C 20 monounsaturated fatty acid(s); independently, the said alkali metal salt component (B) is preferably constituted of alkali metal salt(s) of one or more C 16 to C 20 saturated fatty acid(s); and independently the concentration of alkali metal salt (A) + alkali metal salt (B) is preferably at least, with increasing preference in the order given, 5, 7, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, 9.5, or 9.9 weight % of the total waterbome lubricant and independently preferably, primarily for reasons of economy, is not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 17, 14.0, 13.0, 12.0, 11.5, 11.0, 10.5 or 10.1 weight % of the total waterbome lubricant.
• a monomeric unsaturated fatty acid molecule that is to be oligomerized to provide an anion for component (A) as described above must contain at least one double bond and preferably contains not more than four double bonds, more preferably not more than three double bonds, and most preferably exactly one double bond.
• This unsaturated fatty acid molecule must contain from 10 to 24 carbon atoms, but preferably contains 16 to 20 carbon atoms and most preferably contains 18 carbon atoms.
• the lubricating performance is poor at fewer than 10 carbons, while exceeding 24 carbons provides no additional improvement in lubricating performance while at the same time leading to increased amounts of dust.
• a monomeric unsaturated fatty acid molecule that is to be oligomerized to provide an anion for component (A) as described above preferably contains only one carboxyl group.
• Suitable C 10 to C 24 monounsaturated fatty acids are specifically exemplified by decenoic acids (e.g., obtusilic acid), dodecenoic acids (e.g., linderic acid, lauroleic acid), tetradecenoic acids (e.g., tsuzuic acid, physeteric acid, and myristoleic acid), hexadecenoic acids (e.g., gaidic acid, palmitoleic acid), octadecenoic acids (e.g., oleic acid, elaidic acid, vaccenic acid, petroselinic acid), eicosenoic acids (e.g., gadoleic acid, gadelaidic acid), docosenoic acids (e.g., erucic acid, brassidic acid, cetoleic acid), and tetracosenoic acids (e.g., nervonic acid).
• the most preferred dimers and trimers among the aforesaid C 10 to C 24 mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids are the dimers and trimers, particularly the trimers, of C 18 unsaturated fatty acids, most preferably oleic acid.
• the alkali metal in the subject alkali metal salt(s) of dimeric and/or trimeric acid(s) (A) is exemplified by sodium, potassium, and lithium, with sodium being preferred.
• the alkali metal salt can be the monoalkali metal salt or dialkali metal salt, with the dialkali metal salt being preferred.
• the alkali metal salt can be the monoalkali metal salt, the dialkali metal salt, or the trialkali metal salt, with the trialkali metal salt being preferred.
• the present invention can use a single selection or a freely selected combination from the subject alkali metal salts of dimeric and trimeric acids that provide the anions of component (A).
• a portion of the alkali metal salt of dimeric or trimeric acid (A), i.e., more than 0 weight % but no more than 95 weight % and preferably no more than 90 weight %, can be replaced by the (B) alkali metal salt of C 10 to C 24 , preferably C 16 to C 20 , and particularly preferably C 18 saturated fatty acid.
• the desired object can be achieved even making this substitution.
• the benefit of the present invention from the presence of the said alkali metal salt(s) of dimeric and/or trimer acid(s) (A) essentially can not be achieved when the replacement rate with (B) exceeds 95 weight %.
• a saturated fatty acid molecule that is to provide an anion for component (B) as described above preferably contains only one carboxyl group.
• the subject C 10 to C 24 saturated fatty acids are specifically exemplified by capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, and lignoceric acid.
• the alkali metal in alkali metal salt component (B) is exemplified by sodium, potassium, and lithium, with sodium being preferred. Sodium stearate is the most preferred constituent for component (B).
• the present invention can use a single selection or a freely selected combination from the subject alkali metal salt(s) of saturated fatty acid(s) component (B).
• concentration of the alkali metal salt(s) of dimeric and/or trimeric acid(s) (A) plus alkali metal salt of saturated fatty acid (B) in the waterbome lubricant according to the present invention for the cold plastic working of metal is preferably 5 to 40 weight % as A + B and more preferably 5 to 20 weight % as A + B. Little desired effect is obtained at below 5 weight %, while values in excess of 40 weight % provide no additional improvement in lubricating performance to compensate for their necessarily higher cost.
• rust may be produced on the surface of the workpiece after it has been treated with the waterbome lubricant and dried. Rust generation runs the risk of impairing the appearance of the workpiece and reducing the performance of the lubricating film. In such cases the addition of a rust-preventive agent is therefore indicated.
• This rust-preventive agent can take the form of the rust preventives (often alternatively called "additives") heretofore used with reactive soap treatment baths.
• Optimal rust-preventive agents are exemplified by nitrite salts (sodium nitrite and the like), tungstate salts (sodium tungstate and the like), molybdate salts (sodium molybdate and the like), and organic amines (triethanolamine and the like).
• nitrite salts sodium nitrite and the like
• tungstate salts sodium tungstate and the like
• molybdate salts sodium molybdate and the like
• organic amines triethanolamine and the like
• the rust-preventive agent need not be present when the workpiece is a highly rust-resistant material such as stainless steel or high-alloy steel.
• the rust-preventive agent is preferably used at from 1 to 10 weight % and more preferably at from 2 to 5 weight %, in each case based on the total weight of the alkali metal salt(s) of dimeric and/or trimeric acid(s) (A) plus any alkali metal salt of saturated fatty acid (B).
• A dimeric and/or trimeric acid(s)
• B saturated fatty acid
• a waterbome lubricant according to the present invention preferably contains a buffer (i.e, a component that reacts with any acidic or alkaline material that may be added to the lubricant in such a way as to resist changes from the initial pH value for the lubricant).
• a buffer i.e, a component that reacts with any acidic or alkaline material that may be added to the lubricant in such a way as to resist changes from the initial pH value for the lubricant.
• This buffer is used in order to prevent the decline in the reactivity of the reactive soap that can be caused by variations in bath pH due to the admixture into the reactive soap bath of components from the pickling bath used as pretreatment or from the phosphate coating treatment bath.
• This buffer can be those buffers heretofore used in reactive soap treatment baths.
• Optimal buffers are exemplified by the alkali metal salts (sodium salt, potassium salt, and the like) of boric acid, wherein the preferred alkali metal borate is sodium tetraborate decahydrate (Japanese common name: hosha, English common name: borax).
• the buffer is preferably used at from 1 to 10 weight % and particularly preferably at from 2 to 5 weight %, in each case referred to the total weight of the alkali metal salt(s) of dimeric and/or trimeric acid(s) (A) plus the alkali metal salt of saturated fatty acid (B).
• the use of less than 1 weight % can lead to a too weak pH buffering activity, while the use of more than 10 weight % does not lead to any additional improvements in the buffering activity.
• the method for preparing the waterbome lubricant according to the present invention is not critical, and any method can be used that provides a waterbome lubricant that satisfies the various parameters and conditions described above.
• the subject waterbome lubricant can be prepared by first dissolving the alkali metal of salt(s) of dimeric acid(s) and/or trimeric acid(s) (A) and any optional alkali metal salt of saturated fatty acid (B) in water and thereafter adding the optional rust-preventive agent and/or buffer.
• a waterbome lubricant according to the present invention can be used as the lubricant in the cold plastic working (e.g., tube drawing, wire drawing, forging) of stock, e.g., tube stock, wire stock, or bar stock, made of a metal such as carbon steel, stainless steel, or high-alloy steel (e.g., chromium/molybdenum steel).
• the subject waterbome lubricant can be used in particular as lubricant in the drawing of steel tube and pipe.
• the waterbome lubricant according to the present invention is a type of reactive soap
• application of the waterbome lubricant will as a general rule be preceded by execution of a conversion coating treatment, e.g., phosphate or oxalate.
• a conversion coating treatment e.g., phosphate or oxalate.
• the relationship of this conversion coating treatment to application of the waterbome lubricant according to the present invention is not critical, and the conversion treatment can be run in the present case in the same manner as in the heretofore used technologies.
• the workpiece should be rinsed with water and the waterbome lubricant according to the present invention can then be applied to the workpiece.
• a waterbome lubricant according to the present invention can be applied to the conversion-treated metal stock by dipping.
• the treatment temperature is not critical, but temperatures of 70 °C to 90 °C are suitable.
• the treatment time is also not critical, but times from about 3 to 20 minutes are appropriate.
• the coating should be thoroughly dried, for example, using a drying oven at 100 °C to 140 °C. A thorough drying is important, as residual moisture can prevent the development of the anticipated lubrication performance.
• film weight or “coating weight” for brevity
• film weight will vary as a function of the degree of working and other factors, but the film weight will generally be from 1 to 20 grams per square meter (hereinafter usually abbreviated as "g/m 2 ”) and will preferably be from 2 to 10 g/m 2 .
• An insufficient lubricating film weight results in an elevated friction coefficient and hence requires a higher-than-necessary working force.
• waterbome lubricant according to the present invention in general provides a good lubricating performance even at lubricating film weights smaller than those for the use of prior-art reactive soaps.
• the subject lubricant also produces little dust during working operations.
• the usual cold plastic working methods can be used to process metal stock car- rying the coating formed by treatment as described above with a waterbome lubricant according to the present invention.
• Reference Example 1 1.5 kilogram (hereinafter usually abbreviated as "kg") of the dimer of oleic acid was heated to 70 °C and then combined with a 1.5 kg aqueous solution (at 30 °C) con- taining an amount of sodium hydroxide stoichiometrically just sufficient to neutralize all of the carboxyl groups of the dimeric acid. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour while maintaining a temperature of 90 °C in order to obtain a thorough mixing of the dimeric acid and sodium hydroxide. Cooling then yielded an aqueous solution of the disodium salt of the dimer of oleic acid.
• Reference Example 2 An aqueous solution of the trisodium salt of the trimer of oleic acid was prepared as described in Reference Example 1 , but in this case starting from 1.5 kg of the trimer acid of oleic acid instead of from the dimer acid of oleic acid and using an amount of sodium hydroxide just sufficient stoichiometrically to neutralize all of the carboxyl groups of the trimer of oleic acid.
• Example 1 A commercial sodium stearate was mixed into an aqueous solution containing an amount of the disodium salt of the dimer of oleic acid (this salt being hereinafter usually denoted briefly as "DSDAOA") that was prepared in Reference Example 1 so as to provide a value of 1/9 for the DSDAOA/sodium stearate weight ratio.
• the waterbome lubricant was then prepared by the addition of 0.3 weight % sodium nitrite and 0.3 weight % sodium tetraborate, both of these percentages being based on the weight of total DSDAOA+sodium stearate content.
• the content of the disodium dimer acid salt + sodium stearate in this waterbome lubricant was 10 weight %.
• Example 2 A waterbome lubricant was prepared as in Example 1 , except for using a value of 2/8 for the DSDAOA/sodium stearate weight ratio. The content of the disodium dimer acid salt + sodium stearate in this waterbome lubricant was 10 weight %.
• Example 3 A waterbome lubricant was prepared as in Example 1 , except for using a value of 3/7 for the DSDAOA/sodium stearate weight ratio. The content of the disodium dimer acid salt + sodium stearate in this waterbome lubricant was 10 weight %.
• Example 4 A commercial sodium stearate was mixed into an aqueous solution (500 g as trimer acid) of the trisodium salt of the trimer of oleic acid (this salt being hereinafter usually abbreviated as "TSTAOA") that was prepared in Reference Example 2 so as to provide a value of 1/9 for the trisodium trimer acid salt/sodium stearate weight ratio
• the waterbome lubricant was then prepared by the addition of 0.3 weight % sodium nitrite and 0.3 weight % sodium tetraborate, both of these percentages being based on the weight of total TSTAOA+sodium stearate content.
• the content of the trisodium trimer acid salt + sodium stearate in this waterbome lubricant was 10 weight %.
• Example 5 A waterbome lubricant was prepared as in Example 4, but in the present case using a value of 2/8 for the trisodium trimer acid salt/sodium stearate weight ratio. The content of the trisodium trimer acid salt + sodium stearate in this waterbome lubricant was 10 weight %.
• Example 6 An aqueous solution of the TSTAOA prepared in Reference Example 2 was used directly as the waterbome lubricant. The content of the trisodium trimer acid salt in this waterbome lubricant was 10 weight %.
• Example 7 An aqueous solution of the TSTAOA prepared in Reference Example 2 was used directly as the waterbome lubricant. The content of the trisodium trimer acid salt in this waterbome lubricant was 10 weight %.
• Example 7 An aqueous solution of the TSTAOA prepared in Reference Example 2 was used directly as the waterbome lubricant. The content of the trisodium trimer acid salt in this waterbome lubricant was 10 weight %.
• g 500 grams (hereinafter usually abbreviated as "g") of the trimer of nervonic acid was heated to 70 °C and then combined with a 500 g aqueous solution (at 30 °C) containing an amount of sodium hydroxide that was stoichiometrically just sufficient to neutralize all of the carboxyl groups of the trimeric acid. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour while maintaining a temperature of 90 °C in order to obtain a thorough mixing of the trimeric acid and sodium hydroxide. Cooling then yielded an aqueous solution of the trisodium salt of the trimer acid of nervonic acid (this salt being hereinafter usually abbreviated as "TSTANA").
• the waterbome lubricant was prepared by mixing commercial sodium stearate into this aqueous solution so as to provide a value of 2/8 for the trisodium trimer acid salt/sodium stearate weight ratio.
• the content of the trisodium trimer acid salt + sodium stearate in this waterbome lubricant was 10 weight %.
• a waterbome lubricant was prepared by dissolving commercial sodium stearate in water and adding 0.3 weight % sodium nitrite and 0.3 weight % sodium tetraborate with mixing, both of these percentages being based on the weight of total
• TSTAOA+sodium stearate content The sodium stearate content in this waterbome lubricant was 10 weight %.
• PALUBE® 235 concentrate a commercial reactive soap concentrate from Nihon Parkerizing Company, Limited, was diluted with water to 7 weight % as the sodium salt of fatty acid, Comparative Example 3
• PALUBE® 4618 concentrate a commercial reactive soap concentrate from Nihon Parkerizing Company, Limited, was diluted with water to 7 weight % as the sodium salt of fatty acid.
• compositions of the soaps in the preceding examples and in comparative example 1 are summarized and reported in Table 1 below.
• Carbon steel tubing for machine structural applications (STKM13A(S) stock ac- cording to Japanese Industrial Standard, hereinafter usually abbreviated as "JIS”, G- 3445) was used.
• JIS Japanese Industrial Standard
• G- 3445 Carbon steel tubing for machine structural applications
• the lubricating film weight was evaluated on steel tubing with an outside diameter of 25 4 millimeters (hereinafter usually abbreviated as "mm"), wall thickness of 3 mm, and length of 100 mm
• the performance was evaluated on steel tubing having the same outside diameter and wall thickness and a length of 2,000 mm (2) Treatment procedure
• the steel tubing was dipped in 15 % hydrochloric acid for 10 minutes to remove the annealing scale and then thoroughly rinsed with water After the water rinse the tubing was dipped for 10 minutes in a bath prepared by diluting PALBOND® 181X concentrate to 90 g/L with water The bath temperature was 80 °C PALBOND® 181 X con- centrate is a zinc phosphate-type conversion coating agent from Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd. The phosphate treatment was followed by a thorough rinse with water, and the tubing was then dipped for 7 minutes in the particular waterbome lubricant of the example or comparative example, heated to 80 °C to produce the lubricating film, (3) Measurement of the lubricating film weights
• the characteristic values of the lubricating film are defined as follows. W1 £ weight of film per unit area on the steel tubing after the lubricating film treatment, in g/m 2 . W2 .-- weight of film per unit area, in g/m 2 , after the lubricating film-treated steel tubing referenced in the preceding item has been dipped for 30 minutes in distilled water at 90 °C to 95 °C, then dried in an oven, and finally cooled to ambient temperature.
• a mixed solvent consisting of isopropyl alcohol, n-heptane, and ethyl CellosolveTM in a volume ratio to one another of 6 : 3 : 1 , heated to 70 °C in a reservoir and then cooled to ambient temperature in a reflux column containing the steel tubing and the solvent vapors (until the vapors condense to liquid again).
• W4 weight of film per unit area, in g/m 2 , after the steel tubing subjected to the W3 treatment has been dipped for 15 minutes in 5 % (weight in grams/volume in deciliters) aqueous chromic acid solution at 80 °C, rinsed with water, dried, and cooled.
• the lubricating film weights were calculated from the following equations: soluble soap weight (W1 - W2) insoluble metal soap weight (W2 - W3) zinc phosphate film weight (W3 - W4) (4) Lubrication performance testing and evaluation
• the drawing rate was 17.8 meters/minute, a 20 mm cross-sectional diameter KD die and a 16.0 mm cross sectional diameter MB plug were used, and drawing was run to yield an average cross-sectional area reduction ratio of about 46 %.
• the die load and plug load were measured during the drawing operation, and the lubricating performance was evaluated based on the size of these loads. Higher loads are indicative of a higher (less preferred) friction coefficient for the lubricating film during the working operation. In addition, after the drawing operation, the dust generated in front of the die was collected and weighed.
• the waterbome lubricant of Example 4 was substituted into the lubrication treatment line in a stainless steel pipe drawing operation. Specifically, the waterbome lubricant of Example 4 was substituted for a solution of PALUBE® 235 concentrate in a pro- cess that used FERRBOND® A (product of Nihon Parkerizing Company, Limited) for the base coating and PALUBE® 235 reactive soap concentrate (product of Nihon Parkerizing Company, Limited) for the lubricating film treatment. The service life was examined in the pipe drawing process by monitoring the time until the frequent occurrence of scratching during drawing.

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• 1996
  • 1996-08-29 JP JP24709396A patent/JP3935230B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1997
  • 1997-08-29 WO PCT/US1997/014824 patent/WO1998008922A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1997-08-29 EP EP97938533A patent/EP0958339A4/de not_active Withdrawn
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