EP0956918B1 - Method for producing an intermediate product for injection moulding - Google Patents

Method for producing an intermediate product for injection moulding Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0956918B1
EP0956918B1 EP99109012A EP99109012A EP0956918B1 EP 0956918 B1 EP0956918 B1 EP 0956918B1 EP 99109012 A EP99109012 A EP 99109012A EP 99109012 A EP99109012 A EP 99109012A EP 0956918 B1 EP0956918 B1 EP 0956918B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixing
powder
mixture
mixing container
paste
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP99109012A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0956918A1 (en
Inventor
Hans-Dieter Hullmann
Ulrich Schär
Ludger Schürmann
Burkhard Wulf
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Gebrueder Loedige Maschinenbau GmbH
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Gebrueder Loedige Maschinenbau GmbH
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
    • B22F3/225—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip by injection molding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/80—Falling particle mixers, e.g. with repeated agitation along a vertical axis
    • B01F25/90—Falling particle mixers, e.g. with repeated agitation along a vertical axis with moving or vibrating means, e.g. stirrers, for enhancing the mixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/70—Mixers specially adapted for working at sub- or super-atmospheric pressure, e.g. combined with de-foaming
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/90—Heating or cooling systems
    • B01F35/92—Heating or cooling systems for heating the outside of the receptacle, e.g. heated jackets or burners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
    • B22F1/148—Agglomerating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an injection-molded intermediate of metal powder or ceramic powder and at least one organic Binder.
  • the raw materials are combined with the binder within the device (kneader) Treated with the help of kneading elements by a separate heating device warmed and after melting the binder kneaded into a paste. Then the paste be removed from the device to be obtained from the "Feedstock” designated intermediate product (paste) to be produced Splash object. This still means Firing processes or sintering object to be cured Called "green body”. If necessary, the intermediate be further treated before injection molding. This further treatment can be in a granulation or a grinding the cooled paste exist.
  • the raw materials must be used to manufacture the intermediate and the binder disadvantageously between 2 and Kneaded for 20 hours.
  • the produced paste only little homogeneity. This minor or lack of homogeneity also affects the recycling process or the use of injection molding Waste products from the device again be fed. It shows that there is a big difference in the flow behavior between pure raw materials and recycled Product waste is present.
  • the insufficient homogeneity of the Paste also means that the paste may be in an extruder or has to be treated on a roller mill.
  • Carrying out the kneading treatment of a mixture of raw materials and at least one binder is dependent of the mixture used only possible if a corresponding one Mixture is selected. Not every type of kneader is suitable for any mixture, so that the mixture under Circumstances must be changed.
  • the method known from DE 36 11 271 relates to a Process for the production of metal moldings in a powder metal injection molding process.
  • Metal powders are made with a Binder mixed in a mixer or kneader, the Long chain polymer and polymer binders with a short chain length.
  • the polymers with long Chain lengths envelop the metal particles and thus protect them from corrosion, while the polymers with short chain length Fill voids between the powder particles during injection molding.
  • thermoplastic Polymer and organic filler such as. Known pieces of wood.
  • thermoplastic Polymer and organic filler mixed, wherein the thermoplastic polymer and the organic filler partially clump or agglomerate. A warming takes place during mixing. Then the Mix at a temperature above the melting point of the thermoplastic hardened and extruded.
  • EP 0 764 616 describes a plastically deformable aqueous Mixture known. Metal or ceramic powder, organic binders, plasticizers and water manue11 mixed and then a mixing container of a mixer fed where they are at room temperature or with external feed Heat mixed and plasticized.
  • EP 0 688 746 describes a method for producing a Paste made of metal or ceramic powder and one of three components existing organic binder.
  • the powder particles and the binder are in a kneader at a temperature of 100 ° C - 200 ° C to a paste mixed.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for production of a high quality, to develop injection-moldable intermediate.
  • This problem is solved by a method in which the Metal powder or ceramic powder and the organic binder in a mixing container using mixing elements that so rotate quickly that a mixing drum or A mix ring is created, first of all into a free-flowing one Powder mixture processed and then with the help of mechanical processing of the free-flowing powder mixture through the mixing elements and / or other internals (digestion tools, rod-shaped elements, knives, etc.) heated and that the organic binder by the mechanical Processing is melted in the mixing container, being from the mixture of the metal powder or ceramic powder and a paste of the at least one organic binder is produced.
  • the mixing elements are said to be one Have circumferential speed> 20 m per second.
  • the components of the mixture are either simultaneous or added to the mixing container one after the other.
  • Processing of the mixing components with the help of the mixing elements creates frictional heat that heats up the mixing components is used.
  • the heating process can in exceptional cases still supported by wall heating of the mixing container or be started. In this stage of the process there is an intensive premixing of the metal powder or the ceramic powder with the organic binder. The result is a mostly free-flowing powder mixture of high Mixing quality.
  • agglomerate or a paste as an intermediate arise that are sprayed in a form into an object can be. Both the agglomerate and the paste show great homogeneity. This mix quality also has an effect quality enhancing on the end product, which from the intermediate product can be produced.
  • the attached to a fast rotating mixing shaft Mixing elements enable the duration of the process in the limit most cases to 10 to 20 minutes.
  • Processing of metal or ceramic powder and organic Binder in the device using the fast rotating mixing elements can be independent of the the mixture of metal or ceramic powders supplied to the device and binders are carried out.
  • One on the Mixing adjusted speed of the mixing shaft can by a Control of the device can be set so that the desired Premixing and heating of the mixture occurs.
  • the mixing elements can still be rigid or movable Work internals in the mixing room so that the Mixing and / or digestion and heating times can be shortened can.
  • the method according to the invention advantageously leads to a reduction in investment and operating costs and works also the service life of a device to perform the procedure positively.
  • the binding agent is machined in the mixing container melted, the mixture of Metal or ceramic powder and the at least one organic Binder a paste is generated.
  • the powder particles can create a viscous mass with the binder particles of doughy consistency.
  • the connection of the powder particles and binder particles results in a flowable Intermediate.
  • the malleable paste is through its processing also highly homogenized by means of the mixing elements.
  • the paste can be cooled and agglomerated to to process an agglomerate with an injection molding machine.
  • the process can be used to manufacture intermediates used for powder injection molding (PIM) technology are suitable.
  • PIM powder injection molding
  • Organic binders into consideration with the Metal or ceramic powder react and / or the compound the powder particles can accelerate with each other.
  • the Organic binders can provide adequate fluidity care in the injection molding machine and the injected and hardened blank (green body) great dimensional stability give.
  • the binder can be removed from the green body by burning or sintering can be removed.
  • the inventive method is equally for MIM (Metal Injection Molding) and CIM (Ceramic Injection Molding) usable.
  • the figure shows a side view of a mixing container with rapidly rotating mixing elements for the production of an injection-moldable intermediate.
  • a device 1 has for carrying out a method for the production of an injection-moldable intermediate product Metal or ceramic powders and at least one organic Binder a vertically arranged, a feed direction 2 and a mixing container 4 having a removal direction 3 on.
  • the mixing container 4 the metal or ceramic powder and the at least one organic binder in the feed direction 2 can be initiated.
  • the intermediate product created can leave the mixing container 4 in the removal direction 3.
  • the metal or ceramic powder can be in the mixing container 4 be stored before processing begins. at high binder content becomes part of the binder recharged.
  • the metal or ceramic powder topped up to the mixture of metal or Affect ceramic powder and binder.
  • the mixing container 4 has a bottom 5 and a lid 6 on.
  • a rotatable shaft 7 is arranged in the mixing container 4, which penetrates a bearing 8 in the floor area.
  • the Bearing 8 is on the one hand on the mixing container 4 and on the other hand flanged to the machine frame 9.
  • the gas and product tight lockable cover 6 can be pivoted in the direction of arrow 10.
  • On the cover 6 there is a product entry nozzle 11, a gas discharge port 12 and a liquid addition port 13 provided.
  • the mixing container 4 has also via a double jacket 15, which in connection with Stub 16, 17 stands and the side walls of the mixing container 4 surrounds.
  • the double jacket 15 can optionally for Temperature control of the mixing room or for cooling the manufactured one Find intermediate product by using fluids over the nozzle 16, 17 can flow into the double jacket 15.
  • Mixing elements 18 to 18 '' 'on shaft 6 are exemplary attached to a located in the mixing container 4 Multi-component mixture of metal or ceramic powder and to be able to process organic binders.
  • the shaft 7 by a motor 20, preferably one Electric motor that is driven is the mixture of the Metal or ceramic powder and the at least one organic Binder first premixed and homogenized.
  • the material located in the mixing container 4 is the rotation of the Shaft 7 positively moved in the direction of arrow 19.
  • the shaft 7 rotates at high speed so that the mixture inside the mixing container 4 a material flow or a Can form a mixture ring. Due to the fast rotation of the Shaft 7 can generate frictional heat between the mixing elements 18 up to 18 '' 'and powder particles and / or binder particles be transmitted. Surfaces of binder particles can are melted down so that they can be melted together with the Raw material particles form an agglomerate.
  • the binder can be processed in the mixing container 4 also heated in such a way with the mixing elements 18 to 18 '' ' be that it will reach the binder melting point can come. In this case, it is created in the mixing container 4 a flowable paste through an intimate connection the powder particles with each other and with the binder particles. Due to the rotary movement of the shaft 7, an amount of energy from 0.5 to 1.5 [KW / (kg of mixed material)] become. The speed of the shaft 7 can be controlled of the motor 20 continuously adjustable. Even the manufactured one Paste can over the product discharge nozzle 14 in the removal direction 3 are removed from the mixing container 4.
  • the paste produced can also be in the mixing container 4 with the help of the double jacket 15 designed as a cooling jacket be cooled so that an agglomerate again from the paste can be won.
  • the agglomerate can then be used accordingly removed from the mixing container 4 and processed further become.
  • a process for making an injection moldable intermediate made of metal or ceramic powder and at least an organic binder is in a mixing container 4th feasible.
  • mixing elements 18 up to 18 '' 'the metal or ceramic powder and the minimum an organic binder first becomes a free-flowing Powder mixture processed, which then with With the help of mechanical processing of the powder mixture the mixing elements 18 to 18 '' 'and / or other internals is heated and processed into the intermediate product.
  • the process enables the most effective production possible a high-quality, injection-moldable intermediate in a significantly shorter working time.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Silicon Compounds (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Dental Preparations (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines spritzgußfähigen Zwischenprodukts aus Metallpulver oder Keramikpulver und mindestens einem organischen Bindemittel.The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an injection-molded intermediate of metal powder or ceramic powder and at least one organic Binder.

Ein solches Verfahren ist beispielsweise durch die DE 36 11 271 bekannt geworden.Such a method is described, for example, by DE 36 11 271 became known.

Es ist bekannt, spritzgußfähige Zwischenprodukte durch Kneten von Rohstoffen und einem Bindemittel in einer Vorrichtung herzustellen.It is known to make injection-moldable intermediates by kneading of raw materials and a binder in one device manufacture.

Bei dem bekannten Verfahren werden die Rohstoffe zusammen mit dem Bindemittel innerhalb der Vorrichtung (Kneter) mit Hilfe von Knetelementen behandelt, durch eine separate Heizeinrichtung erwärmt und nach dem Aufschmelzen des Bindemittels zu einer Paste verknetet. Anschließend kann die Paste der Vorrichtung entnommen werden, um aus dem gewonnenen, als "Feedstock" bezeichneten Zwischenprodukt (Paste) einen herzustellenden Gegenstand zu spritzen. Dieser noch mittels Brennprozessen oder Sintern auszuhärtende Gegenstand wird "Grünling" genannt. Gegebenenfalls muß das Zwischenprodukt vor dem Spritzgießen noch weiterbehandelt werden. Diese Weiterbehandlung kann in einer Granulation oder einem Vermahlen der abgekühlten Paste bestehen.In the known process, the raw materials are combined with the binder within the device (kneader) Treated with the help of kneading elements by a separate heating device warmed and after melting the binder kneaded into a paste. Then the paste be removed from the device to be obtained from the "Feedstock" designated intermediate product (paste) to be produced Splash object. This still means Firing processes or sintering object to be cured Called "green body". If necessary, the intermediate be further treated before injection molding. This further treatment can be in a granulation or a grinding the cooled paste exist.

Zur Herstellung des Zwischenprodukts müssen die Rohstoffe und das Bindemittel nachteiligerweise zwischen 2 und 20 Stunden geknetet werden. The raw materials must be used to manufacture the intermediate and the binder disadvantageously between 2 and Kneaded for 20 hours.

Aufgrund der geringen Mischwirkung des Kneters besitzt die hergestellte Paste nur eine geringe Homogenität. Diese geringe bzw. fehlende Homogenität wirkt sich auch auf den Recyclingprozeß bzw. die Verwendung von beim Spritzgießen entstehenden Abfallprodukten aus, die erneut der Vorrichtung zugeführt werden. Es zeigt sich, daß ein starker Unterschied im Fließverhalten zwischen reinen Rohstoffen und recycelten Produktabfällen vorliegt. Die ungenügende Homogenität der Paste führt auch dazu, daß die Paste ggf. in einem Extruder oder auf einem Walzenstuhl nachbehandelt werden muß.Due to the low mixing effect of the kneader, the produced paste only little homogeneity. This minor or lack of homogeneity also affects the recycling process or the use of injection molding Waste products from the device again be fed. It shows that there is a big difference in the flow behavior between pure raw materials and recycled Product waste is present. The insufficient homogeneity of the Paste also means that the paste may be in an extruder or has to be treated on a roller mill.

Die Durchführung der Knetbehandlung einer Mischung aus Rohstoffen und mindestens einem Bindemittel ist in Abhängigkeit von der verwendeten Mischung nur möglich, wenn eine entsprechende Mischung gewählt wird. Nicht jede Bauart eines Kneters ist für jede Mischung geeignet, so daß die Mischung unter Umständen geändert werden muß.Carrying out the kneading treatment of a mixture of raw materials and at least one binder is dependent of the mixture used only possible if a corresponding one Mixture is selected. Not every type of kneader is suitable for any mixture, so that the mixture under Circumstances must be changed.

Das aus der DE 36 11 271 bekannte Verfahren betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Metallformteilen in einem Pulvermetallspritzgußverfahren. Metallpulver werden mit einem Binder in einem Mischer oder Kneter vermischt, wobei das Bindemittel aus Polymeren mit langer Kettenlänge und Polymeren mit kurzer Kettenlänge besteht. Die Polymere mit langen Kettenlängen umhüllen die Metallpartikel und schützen sie so vor Korrosion, während die Polymere mit kurzer Kettenlänge beim Spritzgießen Hohlräume zwischen den Pulverteilchen füllen.The method known from DE 36 11 271 relates to a Process for the production of metal moldings in a powder metal injection molding process. Metal powders are made with a Binder mixed in a mixer or kneader, the Long chain polymer and polymer binders with a short chain length. The polymers with long Chain lengths envelop the metal particles and thus protect them from corrosion, while the polymers with short chain length Fill voids between the powder particles during injection molding.

Aus der US 4,228,166 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von formbaren Platten durch Strangpressen von Mischungen aus einem thermoplastischen Polymer und organischem Füllmaterial wie z.B. Holzstücken bekannt. Dazu werden das thermoplastische Polymer und das organische Füllmaterial gemischt, wobei sich das thermoplastische Polymer und das organische Füllmaterial teilweise zusammenballen bzw. agglomerieren. Eine Erwärmung erfolgt während des Mischens. Anschließend wird die Mischung bei einer Temperatur oberhalb des Schmelzpunktes des Thermoplasts ausgehärtet und stranggepreßt.No. 4,228,166 describes a process for the production of malleable sheets by extrusion of mixtures from one thermoplastic polymer and organic filler such as. Known pieces of wood. To do this, the thermoplastic Polymer and the organic filler mixed, wherein the thermoplastic polymer and the organic filler partially clump or agglomerate. A warming takes place during mixing. Then the Mix at a temperature above the melting point of the thermoplastic hardened and extruded.

Aus der EP 0 764 616 ist eine plastisch deformierbare wässrige Mischung bekannt. Dabei werden Metall- oder Keramikpulver, organische Bindemittel, Plastifizierer und Wasser manue11 vermischt und dann einem Mischbehälter eines Mischers zugeführt, wo sie bei Raumtemperatur oder unter Zufuhr externer Wärme vermischt und plastifiziert werden.EP 0 764 616 describes a plastically deformable aqueous Mixture known. Metal or ceramic powder, organic binders, plasticizers and water manue11 mixed and then a mixing container of a mixer fed where they are at room temperature or with external feed Heat mixed and plasticized.

In der EP 0 688 746 ist ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Paste aus Metall- oder Keramikpulver und einem aus drei Bestandteilen bestehenden organischen Bindemittel beschrieben. Die Pulverpartikel und das Bindemittel werden in einem Kneter bei einer Temperatur von 100°C - 200°C zu einer Paste vermischt.EP 0 688 746 describes a method for producing a Paste made of metal or ceramic powder and one of three components existing organic binder. The powder particles and the binder are in a kneader at a temperature of 100 ° C - 200 ° C to a paste mixed.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zur möglichst effektiven Herstellung eines qualitativ hochwertigen, spritzgußfähigen Zwischenprodukts zu entwickeln.The object of the present invention is to provide a method for production of a high quality, to develop injection-moldable intermediate.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren gelöst, bei dem das Metallpulver oder Keramikpulver und das organische Bindemittel in einem Mischbehälter mittels Mischelementen, die so schnell rotieren, daß im Mischbehälter eine Mischtrombe oder ein Mischgutring entsteht, zunächst zu einer rieselfähigen Pulvermischung verarbeitet und anschließend mit Hilfe der mechanischen Bearbeitung der rieselfähigen Pulvermischung durch die Mischelemente und/oder weiterer Einbauten (Aufschlußwerkzeuge, stabförmige Elemente, Messer, etc.) erwärmt werden und daß das organische Bindemittel durch die mechanische Bearbeitung in dem Mischbehälter aufgeschmolzen wird, wobei aus der Mischung des Metallpulvers oder Keramikpulvers und des mindestens einen organischen Bindemittels eine Paste erzeugt wird.This problem is solved by a method in which the Metal powder or ceramic powder and the organic binder in a mixing container using mixing elements that so rotate quickly that a mixing drum or A mix ring is created, first of all into a free-flowing one Powder mixture processed and then with the help of mechanical processing of the free-flowing powder mixture through the mixing elements and / or other internals (digestion tools, rod-shaped elements, knives, etc.) heated and that the organic binder by the mechanical Processing is melted in the mixing container, being from the mixture of the metal powder or ceramic powder and a paste of the at least one organic binder is produced.

Unter schnell rotierenden Mischelementen wird eine derartige Bewegung der Mischelemente verstanden, daß innerhalb der Vorrichtung eine Mischtrombe oder ein umlaufender Mischgutring, erzeugt werden kann. Die Mischelemente sollen eine Umfangsgeschwindigkeit > 20 m pro Sekunde aufweisen.Such is the case with rapidly rotating mixing elements Movement of the mixing elements understood that within the Device a mixing drum or a rotating mix ring, can be generated. The mixing elements are said to be one Have circumferential speed> 20 m per second.

Die Komponenten der Mischung werden entweder gleichzeitig oder nacheinander in den Mischbehälter gegeben. Infolge der Bearbeitung der Mischkomponenten mit Hilfe der Mischelemente entsteht Reibungswärme, die zum Aufheizen der Mischkomponenten benutzt wird. Der Aufheizvorgang kann in Ausnahmefällen noch durch eine Wandbeheizung des Mischbehälters unterstützt oder in Gang gesetzt werden. In diesem Verfahrensabschnitt kommt es zu einer intensiven Vorvermischung des Metallpulvers oder des Keramikpulvers mit dem organischen Bindemittel. Es entsteht eine meist rieselfähige Pulvermischung hoher Mischgüte.The components of the mixture are either simultaneous or added to the mixing container one after the other. As a result of Processing of the mixing components with the help of the mixing elements creates frictional heat that heats up the mixing components is used. The heating process can in exceptional cases still supported by wall heating of the mixing container or be started. In this stage of the process there is an intensive premixing of the metal powder or the ceramic powder with the organic binder. The result is a mostly free-flowing powder mixture of high Mixing quality.

Aus der Pulvermischung kann in demselben Mischbehälter entweder ein Agglomerat oder eine Paste als Zwischenprodukt entstehen, das in einer Form zu einem Gegenstand gespritzt werden kann. Sowohl das Agglomerat als auch die Paste weisen eine große Homogenität auf. Diese Mischgüte wirkt sich auch qualitätssteigernd auf das Endprodukt aus, das aus dem Zwischenprodukt herstellbar ist. From the powder mixture can either in the same mixing container an agglomerate or a paste as an intermediate arise that are sprayed in a form into an object can be. Both the agglomerate and the paste show great homogeneity. This mix quality also has an effect quality enhancing on the end product, which from the intermediate product can be produced.

Die an einer schnell drehenden Mischwelle angebrachten Mischelemente ermöglichen es, die Verfahrensdauer in den meisten Fällen auf 10 bis 20 Minuten zu beschränken.The attached to a fast rotating mixing shaft Mixing elements enable the duration of the process in the limit most cases to 10 to 20 minutes.

Die Bearbeitung des Metall- oder Keramikpulvers und des organischen Bindemittels in der Vorrichtung mit Hilfe der schnell rotierenden Mischelemente kann unabhängig von der der Vorrichtung zugeführten Mischung von Metall- oder Keramikpulvern und Bindemittel durchgeführt werden. Eine auf die Mischung angepaßte Drehzahl der Mischwelle kann durch eine Steuerung der Vorrichtung so eingestellt werden, daß die gewünschte Vorvermischung und Aufheizung der Mischung eintritt. Die Mischelemente können noch mit starren oder beweglichen Einbauten im Mischraum zusammenarbeiten, damit die Misch- und/oder Aufschluß- und Erwärmungszeit verkürzt werden kann.Processing of metal or ceramic powder and organic Binder in the device using the fast rotating mixing elements can be independent of the the mixture of metal or ceramic powders supplied to the device and binders are carried out. One on the Mixing adjusted speed of the mixing shaft can by a Control of the device can be set so that the desired Premixing and heating of the mixture occurs. The mixing elements can still be rigid or movable Work internals in the mixing room so that the Mixing and / or digestion and heating times can be shortened can.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren führt vorteilhafterweise zu einer Senkung der Investitions- und Betriebskosten und wirkt sich auch auf die Standzeiten des Betriebs einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens positiv aus.The method according to the invention advantageously leads to a reduction in investment and operating costs and works also the service life of a device to perform the procedure positively.

Das Bindemittel wird durch die mechanische Bearbeitung in dem Mischbehälter aufgeschmolzen, wobei aus der Mischung der Metall- oder Keramikpulver und des mindestens einen organischen Bindemittels eine Paste erzeugt wird. Die Pulverpartikel können mit den Bindemittelteilchen eine zähflüssige Masse von teigiger Konsistenz bilden. Die Verbindung der Pulverpartikel und Bindemittelteilchen führt zu einem fließfähigen Zwischenprodukt. Die formbare Paste ist durch ihre Bearbeitung mittels der Mischelemente ebenfalls hochgradig homogenisiert. The binding agent is machined in the mixing container melted, the mixture of Metal or ceramic powder and the at least one organic Binder a paste is generated. The powder particles can create a viscous mass with the binder particles of doughy consistency. The connection of the powder particles and binder particles results in a flowable Intermediate. The malleable paste is through its processing also highly homogenized by means of the mixing elements.

Die Paste kann abgekühlt und dabei agglomeriert werden, um ein Agglomerat mit einer Spritzgußmaschine weiterzuverarbeiten.The paste can be cooled and agglomerated to to process an agglomerate with an injection molding machine.

Das Verfahren kann zur Herstellung von Zwischenprodukten verwendet werden, die für die Powder Injection Moulding (PIM)-Technologie geeignet sind. Hierbei stellt eine modifizierte Kunststoff-Spritzgußmaschine aus einem Pulver-Bindemittelgemisch den sogenannten Grünling her. Der gespritzte und ausgehärtete Grünling kann dann anschließend auf unterschiedliche Weise weiterverarbeitet werden.The process can be used to manufacture intermediates used for powder injection molding (PIM) technology are suitable. This represents a modified Plastic injection molding machine made from a powder / binder mixture the so-called green body. The sprayed and then cured green body can then be applied to different Be processed further.

Es kommen organische Bindemittel in Betracht, die mit dem Metall- oder Keramikpulver reagieren und/oder die Verbindung der Pulverpartikel untereinander beschleunigen können. Das organische Bindemittel kann für eine ausreichende Fließfähigkeit in der Spritzgußmaschine sorgen und dem gespritzten und ausgehärteten Rohling (Grünling) eine große Formstabilität geben. Das Bindemittel kann aus dem Grünling durch Brennen oder Sintern entfernt werden.There are organic binders into consideration with the Metal or ceramic powder react and / or the compound the powder particles can accelerate with each other. The Organic binders can provide adequate fluidity care in the injection molding machine and the injected and hardened blank (green body) great dimensional stability give. The binder can be removed from the green body by burning or sintering can be removed.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist gleichermaßen für MIM (Metal Injection Moulding) und CIM (Ceramic Injection Moulding) verwendbar.The inventive method is equally for MIM (Metal Injection Molding) and CIM (Ceramic Injection Molding) usable.

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung, die erfindungswesentliche Einzelheiten zeigt, und aus den Ansprüchen. Die einzelnen Merkmale können je einzeln für sich oder zu mehreren in beliebiger Kombination bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung verwirklicht sein. Further features and advantages of the invention result from the following description of an embodiment the invention with reference to the drawing, the essential to the invention Shows details, and from the claims. The single ones Features can be used individually or in groups any combination in one embodiment of the invention be realized.

Die Figur zeigt eine Seitenansicht eines Mischbehälters mit schnell rotierenden Mischelementen zur Herstellung eines spritzgußfähigen Zwischenprodukts.The figure shows a side view of a mixing container with rapidly rotating mixing elements for the production of an injection-moldable intermediate.

Die Erfindung ist in der Figur schematisch dargestellt, so daß die wesentlichen Merkmale der Erfindung gut zu erkennen sind. Die Darstellung ist nicht notwendigerweise maßstäblich zu verstehen.The invention is shown schematically in the figure, so that the essential features of the invention can be seen well are. The presentation is not necessarily to scale to understand.

Eine Vorrichtung 1 weist zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens zur Herstellung eines spritzgußfähigen Zwischenprodukts aus Metall- oder Keramikpulvern und mindestens einem organischen Bindemittel einen vertikal angeordneten, eine Zuführrichtung 2 und eine Entnahmerichtung 3 aufweisenden Mischbehälter 4 auf. In den Mischbehälter 4 können das Metall- oder Keramikpulver und das mindestens eine organische Bindemittel in Zuführrichtung 2 eingeleitet werden. Das erzeugte Zwischenprodukt kann den Mischbehälter 4 in Entnahmerichtung 3 verlassen. Die Metall- oder Keramikpulver können in den Mischbehälter 4 vor Beginn der Bearbeitung eingelagert werden. Bei hohem Bindemittelanteil wird ein Teil des Bindemittels nachchargiert. Ebenso können auch die Metall- oder Keramikpulver nachgefüllt werden, um die Mischung aus Metall- oder Keramikpulver und Bindemittel zu beeinflussen.A device 1 has for carrying out a method for the production of an injection-moldable intermediate product Metal or ceramic powders and at least one organic Binder a vertically arranged, a feed direction 2 and a mixing container 4 having a removal direction 3 on. In the mixing container 4, the metal or ceramic powder and the at least one organic binder in the feed direction 2 can be initiated. The intermediate product created can leave the mixing container 4 in the removal direction 3. The metal or ceramic powder can be in the mixing container 4 be stored before processing begins. at high binder content becomes part of the binder recharged. Likewise, the metal or ceramic powder topped up to the mixture of metal or Affect ceramic powder and binder.

Der Mischbehälter 4 weist einen Boden 5 und einen Deckel 6 auf. In dem Mischbehälter 4 ist eine rotierbare Welle 7 angeordnet, die ein Lager 8 im Bodenbereich durchdringt. Das Lager 8 ist einerseits am Mischbehälter 4 und andererseits am Maschinengestell 9 angeflanscht. Der gas- und produktdicht verschließbare Deckel 6 ist in Pfeilrichtung 10 verschwenkbar. Am Deckel 6 ist ein Produkteintragsstutzen 11, ein Gasaustragsstutzen 12 und ein Flüssigkeitszugabestutzen 13 vorgesehen. Im Bereich des Bodens ist ein Produktaustragsstutzen 14 ausgebildet. Der Mischbehälter 4 verfügt ferner über einen Doppelmantel 15, der in Verbindung mit Stutzen 16, 17 steht und der Seitenwände des Mischbehälters 4 umgibt. Der Doppelmantel 15 kann gegebenenfalls zur Temperierung des Mischraums bzw. zur Kühlung des hergestellten Zwischenprodukts Verwendung finden, indem Fluide über die Stutzen 16, 17 in den Doppelmantel 15 einströmen können.The mixing container 4 has a bottom 5 and a lid 6 on. A rotatable shaft 7 is arranged in the mixing container 4, which penetrates a bearing 8 in the floor area. The Bearing 8 is on the one hand on the mixing container 4 and on the other hand flanged to the machine frame 9. The gas and product tight lockable cover 6 can be pivoted in the direction of arrow 10. On the cover 6 there is a product entry nozzle 11, a gas discharge port 12 and a liquid addition port 13 provided. There is a product discharge nozzle in the area of the floor 14 trained. The mixing container 4 has also via a double jacket 15, which in connection with Stub 16, 17 stands and the side walls of the mixing container 4 surrounds. The double jacket 15 can optionally for Temperature control of the mixing room or for cooling the manufactured one Find intermediate product by using fluids over the nozzle 16, 17 can flow into the double jacket 15.

An der Welle 6 sind Mischelemente 18 bis 18 ''' beispielhaft angebracht, um eine sich in dem Mischbehälter 4 befindliche Mehrkomponentenmischung aus Metall- oder Keramikpulver und organischen Bindemitteln bearbeiten zu können.Mixing elements 18 to 18 '' 'on shaft 6 are exemplary attached to a located in the mixing container 4 Multi-component mixture of metal or ceramic powder and to be able to process organic binders.

Wenn die Welle 7 durch einen Motor 20, vorzugsweise einen Elektromotor, angetrieben wird, wird die Mischung aus dem Metall- oder Keramikpulver und dem mindestens einen organischen Bindemittel zunächst vorgemischt und homogenisiert. Das im Mischbehälter 4 befindliche Gut wird bei Rotation der Welle 7 in Pfeilrichtung 19 zwangsbewegt. Die Welle 7 rotiert mit einer hohen Drehzahl, so daß die Mischung innerhalb des Mischbehälters 4 eine Materialtrombe oder einen Mischgutring ausbilden kann. Durch die schnelle Rotation der Welle 7 kann Reibungswärme zwischen den Mischelementen 18 bis 18''' und Pulverpartikeln und/oder Bindemittelteilchen übertragen werden. Oberflächen von Bindemittelteilchen können dabei angeschmolzen werden, so daß sie zusammen mit den Rohstoffpartikeln ein Agglomerat bilden.If the shaft 7 by a motor 20, preferably one Electric motor that is driven is the mixture of the Metal or ceramic powder and the at least one organic Binder first premixed and homogenized. The material located in the mixing container 4 is the rotation of the Shaft 7 positively moved in the direction of arrow 19. The shaft 7 rotates at high speed so that the mixture inside the mixing container 4 a material flow or a Can form a mixture ring. Due to the fast rotation of the Shaft 7 can generate frictional heat between the mixing elements 18 up to 18 '' 'and powder particles and / or binder particles be transmitted. Surfaces of binder particles can are melted down so that they can be melted together with the Raw material particles form an agglomerate.

Das Bindemittel kann in dem Mischbehälter 4 durch die Bearbeitung mit den Mischelementen 18 bis 18''' auch derart aufgeheizt werden, daß es zum Erreichen des Bindemittelschmelzpunktes kommen kann. In diesem Fall entsteht in dem Mischbehälter 4 eine fließfähige Paste durch eine innige Verbindung der Pulverpartikel untereinander und mit den Bindemittelteilchen. Durch die Drehbewegung der Welle 7 kann ein Energiebetrag von 0,5 bis 1,5 [KW / (Kg Mischgut)] übertragen werden. Die Drehzahl der Welle 7 läßt sich über eine Steuerung des Motors 20 stufenlos regeln. Auch die hergestellte Paste kann über den Produktaustragsstutzen 14 in Entnahmerichtung 3 dem Mischbehälter 4 entnommen werden.The binder can be processed in the mixing container 4 also heated in such a way with the mixing elements 18 to 18 '' ' be that it will reach the binder melting point can come. In this case, it is created in the mixing container 4 a flowable paste through an intimate connection the powder particles with each other and with the binder particles. Due to the rotary movement of the shaft 7, an amount of energy from 0.5 to 1.5 [KW / (kg of mixed material)] become. The speed of the shaft 7 can be controlled of the motor 20 continuously adjustable. Even the manufactured one Paste can over the product discharge nozzle 14 in the removal direction 3 are removed from the mixing container 4.

Die hergestellte Paste kann in dem Mischbehälter 4 aber auch mit Hilfe des als Kühlmantel ausgebildeten Doppelmantels 15 abgekühlt werden, so daß aus der Paste wiederum ein Agglomerat gewonnen werden kann. Das Agglomerat kann dann entsprechend dem Mischbehälter 4 entnommen und weiterverarbeitet werden.The paste produced can also be in the mixing container 4 with the help of the double jacket 15 designed as a cooling jacket be cooled so that an agglomerate again from the paste can be won. The agglomerate can then be used accordingly removed from the mixing container 4 and processed further become.

Im oberen Bereich des Mischbehälters können weitere Einbauten vorgesehen sein, die als zusätzliche Lüftungsstutzen, Zugabestutzen und/oder Einbauten genutzt werden können.In the upper area of the mixing tank there are other internals be provided as additional ventilation sockets, Additions and / or internals can be used.

Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines spritzgußfähigen Zwischenprodukts aus Metall- oder Keramikpulver und mindestens einem organischen Bindemittel, ist in einem Mischbehälter 4 durchführbar. Mittels schnell rotierender Mischelemente 18 bis 18''' werden das Metall- oder Keramikpulver und das mindestens eine organische Bindemittel zunächst zu einer rieselfähigen Pulvermischung verarbeitet, die anschließend mit Hilfe der mechanischen Bearbeitung der Pulvermischung durch die Mischelemente 18 bis 18''' und/oder weitere Einbauten erwärmt und zu dem Zwischenprodukt verarbeitet wird. Das Verfahren ermöglicht eine möglichst effektive Herstellung eines qualitativ hochwertigen, spritzgußfähigen Zwischenprodukts in einer erheblich verkürzten Arbeitszeit.A process for making an injection moldable intermediate made of metal or ceramic powder and at least an organic binder, is in a mixing container 4th feasible. By means of rapidly rotating mixing elements 18 up to 18 '' 'the metal or ceramic powder and the minimum an organic binder first becomes a free-flowing Powder mixture processed, which then with With the help of mechanical processing of the powder mixture the mixing elements 18 to 18 '' 'and / or other internals is heated and processed into the intermediate product. The The process enables the most effective production possible a high-quality, injection-moldable intermediate in a significantly shorter working time.

Claims (2)

  1. Method for producing an intermediate product, which is suitable for injection molding, of metal powder or ceramic powder and at least one organic binding agent, characterized in that the metal powder or ceramic powder and the organic binding agent are processed in a mixing container (4) by means of mixing elements (18, 18', 18", 18"'), which rotate at such a high speed that a mixing spout or a ring of mixed substance is formed in the mixing container (4), into a pourable powder mixture, and is subsequently heated through mechanical processing of the pourable powder mixture by at least the mixing elements (18 to 18"') and that the organic binding agent is molten through the mechanical treatment in the mixing container (4) wherein a paste is produced from the mixture of metal powder or ceramic powder and the at least one organic binding agent.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the paste is cooled in the mixing container (4) and agglomerated.
EP99109012A 1998-05-12 1999-05-06 Method for producing an intermediate product for injection moulding Expired - Lifetime EP0956918B1 (en)

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DE19821072A DE19821072C2 (en) 1998-05-12 1998-05-12 Process for the production of an injection-moldable intermediate
DE19821072 1998-05-12

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EP0956918A1 (en) 1999-11-17
US6234660B1 (en) 2001-05-22
DE19821072C2 (en) 2000-09-21
ES2181334T3 (en) 2003-02-16
IL129822A0 (en) 2000-02-29
DE19821072A1 (en) 1999-11-25

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