EP0955389A1 - Quality control for thermal spraying process - Google Patents

Quality control for thermal spraying process Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0955389A1
EP0955389A1 EP99108760A EP99108760A EP0955389A1 EP 0955389 A1 EP0955389 A1 EP 0955389A1 EP 99108760 A EP99108760 A EP 99108760A EP 99108760 A EP99108760 A EP 99108760A EP 0955389 A1 EP0955389 A1 EP 0955389A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
camera
spraying
quality
spraying process
thermal spraying
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Granted
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EP99108760A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0955389B1 (en
Inventor
Peter Dipl.-Ing. Heinrich (FH)
Werner Krömmer
Klaus Prof. Dr. Landes
Christopher Dipl.Ing. Waas
Jochen Dipl.-Ing. Zierhut
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
Linde Technische Gase GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a sprayed layer on the surface of a substrate, a fused or melted filler material being passed onto the surface of the substrate to be coated using a gas or gas mixture.
  • the invention further relates to a system for producing a spray layer on the surface of a substrate by means of a thermal spraying method comprising means for supplying a melted or melted filler material and a gas or gas mixture.
  • autogenous flame spraying high-speed flame spraying, arc spraying, plasma spraying, detonation spraying or laser spraying are known as process variants of thermal spraying for coating.
  • a further thermal spray process has recently been developed, which is also referred to as cold gas spraying. It is a kind of further development of high-speed flame spraying. This method is described, for example, in European Patent EP 0 484 533 B1.
  • a filler material in powder form is used for cold gas spraying. However, the powder particles are not melted in a gas jet during cold gas spraying. Rather, the temperature of the gas jet is below the melting point of the filler material powder particles (EP 0 484 533 B1). So in the cold gas spraying process a "cold" or a comparatively colder gas is used in comparison to the conventional spraying processes. Nevertheless, the gas is heated in the same way as in the conventional processes, but generally only to temperatures below the melting point of the powder particles of the filler material.
  • the aim is to maintain the quality of the spray layer desired depending on the requirements.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of developing the method mentioned at the beginning and the system mentioned at the beginning, the quality of the spray layers produced being assessable during the spraying process should be given. If possible, the possibility should also be given of being able to intervene in a regulating manner in the spraying process. In addition, the overall spraying process and the associated system for producing the sprayed layer should be improved and / or its performance increased.
  • the object is achieved in that at least one feature of the thermal spraying process which influences the quality of the sprayed layer is recorded, checked and / or monitored by means of a digital camera.
  • a digital camera is provided in the system for recording, checking and / or monitoring at least one feature of the thermal spraying process which influences the quality of the sprayed layer.
  • the diagnosis according to the invention by recording, checking and / or monitoring features of the thermal spraying process which influence the quality of the sprayed layer leads to quality assurance for thermal spraying which is relatively simple but extremely efficient.
  • the reproducibility of spraying layers can be guaranteed by evaluating quality-defining features or parameters and / or sizes of the spraying process using image standards of this diagnosis, and the spraying layers can be opened very quickly consistent quality. It is important that any impairment of the thermal spraying process or damage to the spraying layer due to the detection, control and / or monitoring of the quality features is excluded in any case due to the purely optical access.
  • Both digital image cameras and digital video cameras can be used as digital cameras.
  • individual images and / or video images composed as sequences to a film can bring about the required acquisition, control and / or monitoring, the boundary between individual images on the one hand and film on the other being not clearly defined anyway, but as a lower limit about 16 frames per second can be viewed for the frame rate in a film due to the sluggishness of the human eye.
  • the detection, control and / or monitoring with the digital camera can advantageously be used to regulate and possibly optimize one or more parameters.
  • Digital technology makes it possible without any problems that the records used according to the invention for the detection, control and / or monitoring of the quality of the spray layer are made visible and / or evaluated directly in the running spraying process and so that an optimal regulation of spray parameters can take place.
  • the optimization of the parameters contributes to the economic efficiency of the thermal spraying process, since an ineffective high consumption of one or more substances required in the thermal spraying process (e.g. gas quantities, filler materials) can be avoided and thus savings can be achieved.
  • the images or video recordings can in principle be displayed in black and white or in color, although mixed forms with, for example, partial color display are also possible.
  • inverse representations and / or representations in gradient levels eg, gradient-emphasized representation reduced to the bit level
  • gradient levels eg, gradient-emphasized representation reduced to the bit level
  • the recording made with the aid of the digital camera can be used to document one or more features influencing the quality of the spray layer and / or the spraying process itself.
  • the invention has proven its worth in tests and trials.
  • FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 three images a), b) and c) with different carrier gas quantities and carrier gas pressures are shown using the example of plasma spraying as a thermal spray method.
  • the aim is for the powder introduced from above (ie in this case the filler material) to melt in the center of the plasma jet which runs essentially horizontally from left to right after its deflection by about 90 ° and to be prepared (in FIGS. 1 to 3 (not shown) surface of the substrate to be coated is spun. If the amount of carrier gas or the pressure of the carrier gas is too low, the filler material is kept away from the plasma jet and remains on the upper edge of the plasma jet without being able to penetrate the plasma jet sufficiently. If, on the other hand, the carrier gas quantity or the carrier gas pressure is chosen too large, the filler material is at least partially blown through the plasma jet.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)

Abstract

At least one of the parameters influencing the quality of the sprayed layer is recorded, checked and/or monitored by means of a digital camera. An Independent claim is given for the apparatus used to implement the process, and which includes a digital camera.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Spritzschicht auf der Oberfläche eines Substrates, wobei ein an- oder aufgeschmolzener Zusatzwerkstoff unter Einsatz eines Gases oder Gasgemisches auf die zu beschichtende Oberfläche des Substrates geleitet wird. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner eine Anlage zur Erzeugung einer Spritzschicht auf der Oberfläche eines Substrates mittels eines thermischen Spritzverfahrens umfassend Mittel zum Zuführen eines an- oder aufgeschmolzenen Zusatzwerkstoffes und eines Gases oder Gasgemisches.The invention relates to a method for producing a sprayed layer on the surface of a substrate, a fused or melted filler material being passed onto the surface of the substrate to be coated using a gas or gas mixture. The invention further relates to a system for producing a spray layer on the surface of a substrate by means of a thermal spraying method comprising means for supplying a melted or melted filler material and a gas or gas mixture.

Als Verfahrensvarianten des thermischen Spritzens zum Beschichten sind grundsätzlich das autogene Flammspritzen, das Hochgeschwindigkeits-Flammspritzen, das Lichtbogenspritzen, das Plasmaspritzen, das Detonationsspritzen oder das Laserspritzen bekannt.Basically, autogenous flame spraying, high-speed flame spraying, arc spraying, plasma spraying, detonation spraying or laser spraying are known as process variants of thermal spraying for coating.

Thermische Spritzverfahren werden in allgemeiner Form beispielsweise in

  • Übersicht und Einführung in das "Thermische Spritzen", Peter Heinrich, Linde-Berichte aus Technik und Wissenschaft, 52/1982, Seiten 29 bis 37,
    oder
  • Thermisches Spritzen - Fakten und Stand der Technik, Peter Heinrich, Jahrbuch Oberflächentechnik 1992, Band 48, 1991, Seiten 304 bis 327, Metall-Verlag GmbH,
beschrieben.Thermal spray processes are in general form, for example in
  • Overview and introduction to " thermal spraying ", Peter Heinrich, Linde reports from technology and science, 52/1982, pages 29 to 37,
    or
  • Thermal spraying - facts and state of the art , Peter Heinrich, yearbook surface technology 1992, volume 48, 1991, pages 304 to 327, Metall-Verlag GmbH,
described.

In jüngerer Zeit wurde darüber hinaus ein weiteres thermisches Spritzverfahren entwickelt, welches auch als Kaltgasspritzen bezeichnet wird. Es handelt sich dabei um eine Art Weiterentwicklung des Hochgeschwindigkeits-Flammspritzens. Dieses Verfahren ist beispielsweise in der europäischen Patentschrift EP 0 484 533 B1 beschrieben. Beim Kaltgasspritzen kommt ein Zusatzwerkstoff in Pulverform zum Einsatz. Die Pulverpartikel werden beim Kaltgasspritzen jedoch nicht im Gasstrahl geschmolzen. Vielmehr liegt die Temperatur des Gasstrahles unterhalb des Schmelzpunktes der Zusatzwerkstoffpulverpartikel (EP 0 484 533 B1). Im Kaltgasspritzverfahren wird also ein im Vergleich zu den herkömmlichen Spritzverfahren "kaltes" bzw. ein vergleichsweise kälteres Gas verwendet. Gleichwohl wird das Gas aber ebenso wie in den herkömmlichen Verfahren erwärmt, aber in der Regel lediglich auf Temperaturen unterhalb des Schmelzpunktes der Pulverpartikel des Zusatzwerkstoffes.In addition, a further thermal spray process has recently been developed, which is also referred to as cold gas spraying. It is a kind of further development of high-speed flame spraying. This method is described, for example, in European Patent EP 0 484 533 B1. A filler material in powder form is used for cold gas spraying. However, the powder particles are not melted in a gas jet during cold gas spraying. Rather, the temperature of the gas jet is below the melting point of the filler material powder particles (EP 0 484 533 B1). So in the cold gas spraying process a "cold" or a comparatively colder gas is used in comparison to the conventional spraying processes. Nevertheless, the gas is heated in the same way as in the conventional processes, but generally only to temperatures below the melting point of the powder particles of the filler material.

In allen diesen erwähnten thermischen Spritzverfahren wird die Einhaltung der je nach Anforderung erwünschten Qualität der Spritzschicht angestrebt.In all of the thermal spray processes mentioned, the aim is to maintain the quality of the spray layer desired depending on the requirements.

Eine zerstörungsfreie Prüfung der Spritzschichten ist mit erheblichen Einschränkungen verbunden und mit großen Schwierigkeiten behaftet. Diese Art der Untersuchung als Qualitätssicherung kommt daher nicht in Betracht.A non-destructive inspection of the spray coatings is associated with considerable restrictions and is very difficult. This type of inspection as a quality assurance is therefore out of the question.

Es wird daher versucht, die Reproduzierbarkeit, die Erfüllung von Qualitätsansprüchen und die Einhaltung vorgegebener Qualitätsanforderungen durch Erfassung, Kontrolle und/oder Überwachung der Einflußparameter beim thermischen Spritzen gewährleisten zu können. Das bedeutet, relevante Prozeßparameter werden gemessen, geregelt und gegebenenfalls auch dokumentiert. Derartige Parameter sind beispielsweise die Gasflüsse (Trägergas und/oder gegebenenfalls Brenngas), die Stromstärken, der Spritzabstand, der Spritzwinkel (Winkel zwischen Spritzstrahl und Substratoberfläche), die Relativgeschwindigkeit des Spritzstrahls zur Substratoberfläche, die Einbringung des Zusatzwerkstoffes, die Menge des Spritzpulvers bzw. die Drahtvorschubgeschwindigkeiten etc.An attempt is therefore made to be able to ensure reproducibility, the fulfillment of quality requirements and compliance with specified quality requirements by recording, checking and / or monitoring the influencing parameters in thermal spraying. This means that relevant process parameters are measured, regulated and, if necessary, also documented. Such parameters are, for example, the gas flows (carrier gas and / or possibly fuel gas), the current intensities, the spraying distance, the spraying angle (angle between spray jet and substrate surface), the relative speed of the spray jet to the substrate surface, the introduction of the filler material, the amount of the spray powder or the Wire feed speeds etc.

Es ist prinzipiell möglich, mittels einer Hochgeschwindigkeitskamera den thermischen Spritzprozeß aufzunehmen und damit Informationen über die Qualität der Spritzschicht beeinflussenden Merkmale des thermischen Spritzprozesses zu gewinnen. Allerdings ist die Handhabung von Hochgeschwindigkeitskameras nicht unproblematisch. So treten in der Regel Überbelichtungen auf. Der entscheidende Nachteil liegt aber darin, daß zunächst eine Entwicklung der Aufnahmen erforderlich ist und daher keine Möglichkeit zur Qualitätsanpassung während oder im Laufe der Erzeugung der Spritzschicht gegeben ist.In principle, it is possible to record the thermal spraying process by means of a high-speed camera and thus to obtain information about features of the thermal spraying process which influence the quality of the sprayed layer. However, handling high-speed cameras is not without problems. Overexposures usually occur. The decisive disadvantage, however, lies in the fact that a development of the recordings is initially necessary and therefore there is no possibility of quality adjustment during or during the production of the spray layer.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, das eingangs genannte Verfahren und die eingangs genannte Anlage weiterzubilden, wobei eine Bewertbarkeit der Qualität der erzeugten Spritzschichten während des Spritzprozesses gegeben sein sollte. Wenn möglich sollte zusätzlich die Möglichkeit, regulierend in den Spritzprozeß eingreifen zu können, gegeben sein. Außerdem sollte insgesamt das Spritzverfahren und die zugehörige Anlage zur Erzeugung der Spritzschicht verbessert und/oder deren Leistungsfähigkeit vergrößert werden.The present invention is therefore based on the object of developing the method mentioned at the beginning and the system mentioned at the beginning, the quality of the spray layers produced being assessable during the spraying process should be given. If possible, the possibility should also be given of being able to intervene in a regulating manner in the spraying process. In addition, the overall spraying process and the associated system for producing the sprayed layer should be improved and / or its performance increased.

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird hinsichtlich des Verfahrens dadurch gelöst, daß mittels einer digitalen Kamera zumindest ein die Qualität der Spritzschicht beeinflussendes Merkmal des thermischen Spritzprozesses erfaßt, kontrolliert und/oder überwacht wird.With regard to the method, the object is achieved in that at least one feature of the thermal spraying process which influences the quality of the sprayed layer is recorded, checked and / or monitored by means of a digital camera.

In der Anlage ist entsprechend eine digitale Kamera zur Erfassung, Kontrolle und/oder Überwachung zumindest eines die Qualität der Spritzschicht beeinflussenden Merkmals des thermischen Spritzprozesses vorgesehen.Correspondingly, a digital camera is provided in the system for recording, checking and / or monitoring at least one feature of the thermal spraying process which influences the quality of the sprayed layer.

Die Qualität der Spritzschicht beeinflussende Merkmale des thermischen Spritzprozesses sind dem Fachmann bekannt. Dies können entweder Parameter des Spritzprozesses selbst und/oder mit einem oder mehreren Parametern korrespondierende und/oder daraus abgeleitete Größen sein. Beispielsweise sind dies:

  • Die Einbringung des Spritzzusatzwerkstoffes in die Brenngas-Sauerstoff-Flamme beim Flammspritzen oder in das Plasma beim Plasmaspritzen,
  • die Charakteristik der Aufschmelzzone (Größe, Intensität, etc.).
Features of the thermal spraying process which influence the quality of the sprayed layer are known to the person skilled in the art. These can either be parameters of the spraying process itself and / or variables corresponding to and / or derived from one or more parameters. For example, these are:
  • The introduction of the spray additive into the fuel gas-oxygen flame during flame spraying or into the plasma during plasma spraying,
  • the characteristics of the melting zone (size, intensity, etc.).

Die erfindungsgemäße Diagnostik durch Erfassung, Kontrolle und/oder Überwachung von die Qualität der Spritzschicht beeinflussenden Merkmalen des thermischen Spritzprozesses führt zu einer vom Aufwand her relativ einfachen aber außerordentlich effizienten Qualitätssicherung für das thermische Spritzen. So kann beispielsweise in Betrieben, welche das thermische Spritzen einsetzen, gleichzeitig aber häufig wechselnde Spritzanwendungen auftreten, die Reproduzierbarkeit von Spritzschichten anhand einer Bewertung von qualitätsprägenden Merkmalen bzw. von Parametern und/oder Größen des Spritzprozesses über Bildstandards dieser Diagnostik gewährleistet und die Spritzschichten sehr schnell auf gleichbleibende Qualität gebracht werden. Dabei ist wichtig, daß eine Beeinträchtigung des thermischen Spritzprozesses oder eine Beschädigung der Spritzschicht durch die Erfassung, Kontrolle und/oder Überwachung der Qualitätsmerkmale aufgrund des rein optischen Zugangs auf jeden Fall ausgeschlossen ist. Andererseits kann beispielsweise aber auch nach längerer Zeit gewährleistet werden, daß die gleiche Anwendung mit gleicher Spritzqualität gespritzt wird, wenn beispielsweise die Charakteristik des Bildes in der Zone des Aufschmelzens identisch mit der früheren ist.The diagnosis according to the invention by recording, checking and / or monitoring features of the thermal spraying process which influence the quality of the sprayed layer leads to quality assurance for thermal spraying which is relatively simple but extremely efficient. For example, in companies that use thermal spraying, but at the same time frequently changing spraying applications occur, the reproducibility of spraying layers can be guaranteed by evaluating quality-defining features or parameters and / or sizes of the spraying process using image standards of this diagnosis, and the spraying layers can be opened very quickly consistent quality. It is important that any impairment of the thermal spraying process or damage to the spraying layer due to the detection, control and / or monitoring of the quality features is excluded in any case due to the purely optical access. On the other hand, for example, even after a long time it can be ensured that the same application is sprayed with the same spraying quality if, for example, the characteristic of the image in the melting zone is identical to the previous one.

Als Digitalkamera können sowohl digitale Bildkameras wie auch digitale Videokameras eingesetzt werden. Es können also einerseits Einzelbilder und/oder als Sequenzen zu einem Film zusammengesetzte Videobilder die geforderte Erfassung, Kontrolle und/oder Überwachung bringen, wobei die Grenze zwischen Einzelbildern auf der einen Seite und Film auf der anderen Seite ohnehin nicht scharf definiert ist, aber als Untergrenze für die Bildfrequenz bei einem Film aufgrund der Trägheit des menschlichen Auges etwa 16 Bilder pro Sekunde betrachtet werden können.Both digital image cameras and digital video cameras can be used as digital cameras. Thus, on the one hand, individual images and / or video images composed as sequences to a film can bring about the required acquisition, control and / or monitoring, the boundary between individual images on the one hand and film on the other being not clearly defined anyway, but as a lower limit about 16 frames per second can be viewed for the frame rate in a film due to the sluggishness of the human eye.

Mit Vorteil kann die Erfassung, Kontrolle und/oder Überwachung mit der digitalen Kamera zur Regelung und gegebenenfalls zur Optimierung eines oder mehrerer Parameter verwendet werden. Die Digitaltechnik ermöglicht es problemlos, daß die erfindungsgemäß zur Erfassung, Kontrolle und/oder Überwachung der Qualität der Spritzschicht dienenden Aufzeichnungen unmittelbar im laufenden Spritzprozeß sichtbar gemacht und/oder ausgewertet werden und so eine optimierende Regelung von Spritzparametern stattfinden kann. Die Optimierung der Parameter trägt zur Wirtschaftlichkeit des thermischen Spritzprozesses bei, da ein uneffektiv hoher Verbrauch eines oder mehrerer im thermischen Spritzverfahren benötigter Stoffe (z.B. Gasmengen, Zusatzwerkstoffe) vermieden werden und somit eine Ersparnis erzielt werden kann.The detection, control and / or monitoring with the digital camera can advantageously be used to regulate and possibly optimize one or more parameters. Digital technology makes it possible without any problems that the records used according to the invention for the detection, control and / or monitoring of the quality of the spray layer are made visible and / or evaluated directly in the running spraying process and so that an optimal regulation of spray parameters can take place. The optimization of the parameters contributes to the economic efficiency of the thermal spraying process, since an ineffective high consumption of one or more substances required in the thermal spraying process (e.g. gas quantities, filler materials) can be avoided and thus savings can be achieved.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung kann das ganze Vielfalt der Darstellungsmöglichkeiten, welche die Digitaltechnik eröffnet, ausgenutzt werden. Selbstverständlich können je nach Einzelfall unterschiedliche Darstellungsvarianten - auch beispielsweise rechnerisch überarbeitete oder verfremdete - bestimmte Vorteile mit sich bringen.Within the scope of the invention, the whole variety of display options that digital technology opens up can be used. Of course, depending on the individual case, different display variants - including, for example, arithmetically revised or alienated - can bring certain advantages.

Die Darstellung der Bilder oder Videoaufzeichnungen kann dabei grundsätzlich schwarzweiß oder farbig erfolgen, wobei auch Mischformen mit beispielsweise teilweiser farbiger Darstellung möglich sind. Neben einer normalen Darstellung können beispielsweise auch inverse Darstellungen und/oder Darstellungen in Gradientenstufen (z.B. gradientenbetonte auf Bitebene reduzierte Darstellung) zum Einsatz kommen.The images or video recordings can in principle be displayed in black and white or in color, although mixed forms with, for example, partial color display are also possible. In addition to a normal representation, for example, inverse representations and / or representations in gradient levels (eg, gradient-emphasized representation reduced to the bit level) can also be used.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann die mit Hilfe der digitalen Kamera angefertigte Aufzeichnung zur Dokumentation eines oder mehrerer die Qualität der Spritzschicht beeinflussenden Merkmale und/oder des Spritzprozesses an sich verwendet werden.In a development of the invention, the recording made with the aid of the digital camera can be used to document one or more features influencing the quality of the spray layer and / or the spraying process itself.

Die Erfindung hat sich in Tests und Versuchen bestens bewährt.The invention has proven its worth in tests and trials.

Im folgenden soll die Erfindung anhand eines Beispiels näher erläutert werden.In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail using an example.

Hierbei zeigen

Fig. 1:
eine normale Darstellung eines Plasmaspritzprozesses mit unterschiedlichem Trägergasfluß,
Fig. 2:
eine inverse Darstellung desselben Plasmaspritzprozesses mit unterschiedlichem Trägergasfluß und
Fig. 3:
eine gradientenbetonte auf Bitebene reduzierte Darstellung desselben Plasmaspritzprozesses mit unterschiedlichem Trägergasfluß.
Show here
Fig. 1 :
a normal representation of a plasma spraying process with different carrier gas flow,
Fig. 2 :
an inverse representation of the same plasma spraying process with different carrier gas flow and
Fig. 3 :
a gradient-emphasized representation of the same plasma spraying process with a different carrier gas flow.

In den Figuren 1, 2 und 3 sind am Beispiel des Plasmaspritzens als thermisches Spritzverfahren jeweils drei Bilder a), b) und c) mit unterschiedlichen Trägergasmengen bzw. Trägergasdrücken dargestellt.In FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, three images a), b) and c) with different carrier gas quantities and carrier gas pressures are shown using the example of plasma spraying as a thermal spray method.

Angestrebt wird, daß das von oben eingebrachte Pulver (d.h. in diesem Fall der Zusatzwerkstoff) im Zentrum des in den dargestellten Bildern im wesentlichen horizontal von links nach rechts verlaufenden Plasmastrahls nach seiner Umlenkung um etwa 90° aufgeschmolzen und auf die vorbereitete (in den Figuren 1 bis 3 nicht gezeigte) Oberfläche des zu beschichtenden Substrates geschleudert wird. Ist die Trägergasmenge bzw. der Trägergasdruck zu gering, wird der Zusatzwerkstoff vom Plasmastrahl abgehalten und bleibt an der Oberkante des Plasmastrahls, ohne ausreichend in den Plasmastrahl eindringen zu können. Ist auf der anderen Seite die Trägergasmenge bzw. der Trägergasdruck zu groß gewählt, wird der Zusatzwerkstoff zumindest teilweise durch den Plasmastrahl hindurchgeblasen.The aim is for the powder introduced from above (ie in this case the filler material) to melt in the center of the plasma jet which runs essentially horizontally from left to right after its deflection by about 90 ° and to be prepared (in FIGS. 1 to 3 (not shown) surface of the substrate to be coated is spun. If the amount of carrier gas or the pressure of the carrier gas is too low, the filler material is kept away from the plasma jet and remains on the upper edge of the plasma jet without being able to penetrate the plasma jet sufficiently. If, on the other hand, the carrier gas quantity or the carrier gas pressure is chosen too large, the filler material is at least partially blown through the plasma jet.

In den Figuren 1, 2 und 3 ist jeweils

  • im Teilbild a) ein optimaler Trägergasfluß,
  • im Teilbild b) ein zu geringer Trägergasfluß und
  • im Teilbild c) ein zu hoher Trägergasfluß
dargestellt.In Figures 1, 2 and 3, respectively
  • in sub-picture a) an optimal carrier gas flow,
  • in sub-picture b) too little carrier gas flow and
  • in sub-picture c) an excessively high carrier gas flow
shown.

Die gezeigten Darstellungsvarianten

  • mit einer normalen (unveränderten, dem Sichtbaren entsprechenden), schwarzweißen Darstellung in Figur 1,
  • mit einer inversen Darstellung mit einer gegenüber Figur 1 Vertauschung von schwarz und weiß in Figur 2 und
  • schließlich mit einer gradientenbetonten auf Bitebene reduzierten Darstellung der Bilder aus Figur 2 in Figur 3
geben einen Eindruck von den Möglichkeiten, die in unterschiedlichen Darstellungen liegen.The display variants shown
  • with a normal (unchanged, corresponding to the visible), black and white representation in Figure 1 ,
  • with an inverse representation with a swapping of black and white compared to FIG. 1 in FIGS. 2 and
  • finally with a gradient-emphasized representation of the images from FIG. 2 in FIG. 3 reduced to the bit level
give an impression of the possibilities that lie in different representations.

Claims (10)

Verfahren zum thermischen Spritzen zur Erzeugung einer Spritzschicht auf der Oberfläche eines Substrates, wobei ein gegebenenfalls an- oder aufgeschmolzener Zusatzwerkstoff unter Einsatz eines Gases oder Gasgemisches auf die zu beschichtende Oberfläche des Substrates geleitet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mittels einer digitalen Kamera zumindest ein die Qualität der Spritzschicht beeinflussendes Merkmal des thermischen Spritzprozesses erfaßt, kontrolliert und/oder überwacht wird.Process for thermal spraying to produce a spray layer on the surface of a substrate, an optionally fused or fused additive being passed onto the surface of the substrate to be coated using a gas or gas mixture, characterized in that at least one of the quality is used by means of a digital camera the feature of the thermal spraying process influencing the spraying layer is detected, checked and / or monitored. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Kamera eine digitale Bildkamera oder eine digitale Videokamera eingesetzt wird.Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that a digital image camera or a digital video camera is used as the camera. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Erfassung, Kontrolle und/oder Überwachung mit der digitalen Kamera zur Regelung und gegebenenfalls zur Optimierung eines oder mehrerer Parameter verwendet wird.Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the detection, control and / or monitoring with the digital camera is used to regulate and optionally to optimize one or more parameters. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bilder oder Videoaufzeichnungen schwarzweiß und/oder farbig dargestellt werden.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the images or video recordings are displayed in black and white and / or in color. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bilder oder Videoaufzeichnungen invers dargestellt werden.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the images or video recordings are displayed inversely. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bilder oder Videoaufzeichnungen in Gradientenstufen dargestellt werden.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the images or video recordings are displayed in gradient stages. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die mit Hilfe der digitalen Kamera angefertigte Aufzeichnung zur Dokumentation eines oder mehrerer die Qualität der Spritzschicht beeinflussenden Merkmale und/oder des Spritzprozesses an sich verwendet wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the recording made with the aid of the digital camera is used to document one or more features and / or the spraying process influencing the quality of the spray layer. Anlage zur Erzeugung einer Spritzschicht auf der Oberfläche eines Substrates mittels eines thermischen Spritzverfahrens umfassend Mittel zum Zuführen eines gegebenenfalls an- oder aufgeschmolzenen Zusatzwerkstoffes und eines Gases oder Gasgemisches, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine digitale Kamera zur Erfassung, Kontrolle und/oder Überwachung zumindest eines die Qualität der Spritzschicht beeinflussenden Merkmals des thermischen Spritzprozesses vorgesehen ist.Plant for producing a spray layer on the surface of a substrate by means of a thermal spraying process comprising means for supplying an optionally melted or melted filler material and a gas or gas mixture, characterized in that a digital camera for recording, checking and / or monitoring at least one of the quality the feature of the thermal spray process influencing the spray layer is provided. Anlage nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine digitale Bildkamera oder eine digitale Videokamera vorgesehen ist.System according to claim 8, characterized in that a digital image camera or a digital video camera is provided. Anlage nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Mittel zur Regelung und gegebenenfalls zur Optimierung eines oder mehrerer Parameter anhand der Bilder oder Videoaufzeichnungen vorhanden sind.System according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that means for regulating and possibly for optimizing one or more parameters on the basis of the images or video recordings are present.
EP99108760A 1998-05-06 1999-05-03 Quality control for thermal spraying process Expired - Lifetime EP0955389B1 (en)

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WO2000031313A1 (en) * 1998-11-25 2000-06-02 Joma Chemical As Material for producing a corrosion- and wear-resistant layer by thermal spraying
AU776428B2 (en) * 1999-03-11 2004-09-09 Linde Ag Quality assurance during thermal spray coating by means of computer processing or encoding of digital images
EP1036856A1 (en) * 1999-03-11 2000-09-20 Linde Technische Gase GmbH Quality control during thermal spraying by computer processing of digital images
US7043069B1 (en) 1999-03-11 2006-05-09 Linde Gas Aktiengesellschaft Quality assurance during thermal spray coating by means of computer processing or encoding of digital images
WO2001090435A1 (en) * 2000-05-23 2001-11-29 Joma Chemicals As Material and method for producing a corrosion and abrasion-resistant layer by thermal spraying
EP1332799A1 (en) * 2002-01-31 2003-08-06 Flumesys GmbH Fluidmess- und Systemtechnik Thermal coating device and process
WO2004029319A3 (en) * 2002-09-21 2004-05-27 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Method for coating a work piece
WO2004029319A2 (en) * 2002-09-21 2004-04-08 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Method for coating a work piece
WO2008104162A3 (en) * 2007-03-01 2009-07-23 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Method for the production of an abradable spray coating
EP2166343A1 (en) * 2008-09-22 2010-03-24 Linde AG Method and device for determining the degree of melting of a thermally sprayed surface
WO2012010673A1 (en) * 2010-07-21 2012-01-26 Messier-Bugatti-Dowty Method for anticipating the risk of defects in a coating deposited by thermal spraying
FR2963023A1 (en) * 2010-07-21 2012-01-27 Messier Dowty Sa METHOD FOR ANTICIPATING THE RISK OF DEFECTS IN A THERMALLY PROJECTED COATING
DE102013223688A1 (en) * 2013-11-20 2015-05-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for the automated application of a spray coating

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