EP0950762B1 - Dispositif de suspension pour un ouvrage de construction - Google Patents
Dispositif de suspension pour un ouvrage de construction Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0950762B1 EP0950762B1 EP99400844A EP99400844A EP0950762B1 EP 0950762 B1 EP0950762 B1 EP 0950762B1 EP 99400844 A EP99400844 A EP 99400844A EP 99400844 A EP99400844 A EP 99400844A EP 0950762 B1 EP0950762 B1 EP 0950762B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- strands
- cable
- collars
- strand
- external tube
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/16—Suspension cables; Cable clamps for suspension cables ; Pre- or post-stressed cables
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B5/00—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form
- D07B5/005—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form characterised by their outer shape or surface properties
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B5/00—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form
- D07B5/005—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form characterised by their outer shape or surface properties
- D07B5/006—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form characterised by their outer shape or surface properties by the properties of an outer surface polymeric coating
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/14—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable
- D07B1/141—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable comprising liquid, pasty or powder agents, e.g. lubricants or anti-corrosive oils or greases
- D07B1/144—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable comprising liquid, pasty or powder agents, e.g. lubricants or anti-corrosive oils or greases for cables or cable components built-up from metal wires
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/16—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics
- D07B1/162—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics characterised by a plastic or rubber enveloping sheathing
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2083—Jackets or coverings
- D07B2201/2087—Jackets or coverings being of the coated type
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2083—Jackets or coverings
- D07B2201/2088—Jackets or coverings having multiple layers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2083—Jackets or coverings
- D07B2201/2091—Jackets or coverings being movable relative to the internal structure
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2501/00—Application field
- D07B2501/20—Application field related to ropes or cables
- D07B2501/2015—Construction industries
- D07B2501/203—Bridges
Definitions
- the present invention relates to works of suspended construction, in particular on suspension bridges or hanging blankets.
- the suspension devices of such structures include at least one carrying cable anchored to its two ends and lines which are themselves each hung on a collar fixed around the cable carrier.
- the lines transmit the load of the structure to the carrying cable. Most often, they are not all perpendicular to the carrying cable, so that at least some of the clamps exert on the cable carrying an effort which has a tangent component to the carrying cable, called tangential force.
- the carrying cable is constituted by a bundle of bare steel wires or strands, the cable carrier being enveloped by an outer protective layer paint or bitumen or by a tubular sheath.
- This protective layer is generally interrupted in line with necklaces, which are very tightly tightened directly on the steel of the supporting cable.
- French patent 2,739,112 describes a measurement to limit the tightening of the clamps on the cable carrier: auxiliary connecting cables connect between them the collars so as to compensate for the static part of the tangential force, due to the nominal load of the work.
- the dynamic part (variable overloads according to traffic, weather conditions ...) is taken up by the clamping force of the collars on the carrying cable. This process requires tensioning of the connecting cables successive according to determined voltage values.
- a main object of the present invention is to offer a simple and effective way of dealing with problem of tangential forces to which a carrying cable.
- the invention thus provides a device for suspension for a construction work, comprising at minus a carrying cable and lines attached to the cable carrier by means of clamps, the carrier cable comprising a bundle of strands anchored at their ends and stretched by the load of the structure transmitted by the lines, and an envelope structure containing the strands and on which are mounted the necklaces.
- the envelope structure present, parallel to the cable load-bearing, sufficient compressive strength to take up tangential components of the forces that clamps exert on the cable due to the transmission of the load by the lines, by not transmitting substantially no clamping force on the strands.
- the structure envelope of the carrying cable comprises an outer tube, individual sheaths each containing a strand of cable and lubricant, and hardened filler occupying the space between the outer tube and the sheaths individual.
- the strands are then effectively protected against corrosion and against fretting-corrosion phenomena.
- the cured filler forms around from them a compression resistant matrix in the sense longitudinal for the recovery of tangential forces.
- the suspension bridge shown in Figure 1 conventionally comprises an apron 1, two pylons 2, two parallel carrier cables 3, only one of which is visible on the drawing, and lines 4 which are attached to the cables 3 and which carry the apron 1.
- the carrying cables 3 are stretched between two ground anchors 5 at both ends of the bridge (solid artificial anchors, rock anchors, or the case anchorages at both ends of the deck if is a "self-anchored” suspension bridge), and they are supported by the pylons 2.
- the carrier cables 3 are discontinuous preference to the right of pylons 2, with anchoring on these pylons.
- Each carrying cable 3 comprises one or more bundles of individually protected strands 6, one of which example is shown in figure 3.
- the strand proper 7 forms the strand that will work in traction.
- This strand 7 is made up of several wires of twisted steel (seven in number in the example represented).
- the steel of the wires may have been subjected to a anti-corrosion treatment (galvanization, coating by a Zn-Al alloy ).
- Strand 7 is embedded in a material lubricant 8 itself covered by an outer sheath 9 made of flexible plastic, for example polyethylene high density (HDPE).
- the lubricating material 8 protects also the steel of the wires against corrosion. It is typically a fat or wax.
- the individually protected strands 6 of the cable carrier 3 are housed in an outer tube 10 extending over the entire length of the carrying cable between its two anchored ends.
- a hardened filling product 12 fills the space remaining between the outer tube 10 and the individual sheaths 9 of the strands (FIG. 2).
- the tube exterior 10 can be made of metal or a material plastic such as HDPE.
- the filling product 12 can be a cement grout, a polymer or a resin.
- Each hanger 4 has its lower end fixed to deck 1 of the bridge, and its upper end fixed to the carrying cable 3 using a collar 13.
- Each collar 13 includes for example two semi-cylindrical shells 13a, 13b bolted to each other around the cable carrier 3, the upper end of the hanger 4 being articulated on one of the two shells 13a.
- the envelope structure containing the strands 7 of the carrying cable 3, consisting of individual sheaths 9 of these strands, by the matrix formed by the product of hardened filling 12 and by the outer tube 10, allows not to transmit to the strands 7 efforts of jamming generated by fixing the collars transmitting the load supported by each hanger individual 4.
- the stretched strands 7 of the carrying cable 3 can be replaced individually without dismantling the clamps 13, for example as follows.
- This one is then stretched using a jack at the measured voltage value, then anchor.
- the lubricant 8 present inside the sheath individual 9 allows easy strand extraction 7.
- a lubricant such as grease is brought around the new strand as it enters the sheath 9, to facilitate this penetration, protect the new strand against corrosion, and facilitate its replacement ulterior.
- Figure 4 shows another example of a strand individually protected 16 usable in a device suspension according to the invention.
- the strand itself, or strand, 7 is coated with a protective material 18 such than a wax or a fat, and surrounded by a first sealed plastic sheath 19 which can for example conform to the shape of the periphery of the strand 7, like the shown in Figure 4.
- a lubricant 20 such as grease gets between this first sheath 19 and the sheath individual 21 of the strand 16.
- Figure 5 shows schematically another individually protected strand structure 24 usable in a device according to the invention.
- Sheath individual 25 of these strands 24 have bulges 26 spaced along the direction of the carrying cable 3. These spaced apart bulges 26 are longitudinally offset relative to each other to the placement of the strands individually protected 24 in the outer tube 10 of the cable. They thus provide intervals i between the individual sheaths 25 of these strands, intervals which allow the injected filler 12 to be well pass between all the strands 24 to form a matrix consistent after hardening.
- the forces of friction, applying a clamp to the clamps 13 moderate (which is not transmitted to the stretched strands 7). It is advantageous that the internal face and / or the external face of the outer tube 10 of the cable 3 are provided with reliefs transverse to the right of the collars where such tangential efforts. The radial tightening of the collars can then be very weak, or even zero.
- the tube 10 is consists of smooth sections 30 extending between the necklaces, and 40.50.60 sections located at the collars 13. These sections 40, 50, 60 are welded end to end with the smooth sections 30. Their shaping can be ensured during their manufacture by molding, while the smooth sections 30 are conventionally produced by extrusion.
- the external face of the tube section 40 has circumferential grooves 41, and the internal face of the collar 13 has streaks complementary 42 to engage on the tube outside 10 and transmit the tangential force.
- the wall of the section of tube 50 has undulations in the manner of a bellows, causing transverse reliefs 51.52 on its internal and external faces.
- the tangential effort exerted by the collar 13, the internal face of which has corresponding grooves 53, is transmitted almost directly inside hardened filling material of tube 10.
- the tube section 60 has streaks 61 on its internal face, which transmit the tangential force to the injected material and hardened inside the tube 10.
- a protuberance annular 62 is present on the external face of the section of tube 60, and the internal face of the collar 13 has a complementary annular groove 63 engaging on this protuberance 62 for transmitting the force tangential.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
- Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
- Jib Cranes (AREA)
- Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
- Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
- Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
- Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
Description
- reprendre par frottement l'effort tangentiel auquel est soumis le collier; compte tenu de la médiocrité du coefficient de frottement acier sur acier, l'effort de serrage du collier doit être relativement important; et
- limiter autant que possible les mouvements relatifs entre les brins tendus (fils ou torons d'acier) composant le câble porteur. Du fait que ces brins sont nus, leur mouvement relatif est générateur d'usure et de fatigue par "fretting-corrosion" (fatigue ou usure induite par les petits débattements), ce qui entraíne à la fois un desserrage des colliers et la rupture éventuelle de certains brins.
- le serrage intense des colliers nécessite des colliers très longs (par exemple jusqu'à deux mètres) et massifs, serrés par de nombreux boulons;
- les phénomènes de "fretting-corrosion" ne sont jamais complètement évités;
- et on constate fréquemment que de la corrosion se propage sous la couche protectrice externe du câble.
- d'effectuer de temps en temps des sondages en extrayant un ou quelques brins et en les analysant pour diagnostiquer d'éventuelles détériorations; et
- lorsque le câble porteur doit être remplacé en raison de l'usure ou de la corrosion des brins, d'effectuer ce remplacement brin par brin, ce qui évite la mise en place d'un second câble avant l'enlèvement du premier. Cette mise en place rend les opérations de remplacement particulièrement complexes dans le cas des ouvrages suspendus existants.
- les brins tendus sont en métal et sont enduits d'une graisse ou d'une cire constituant ledit lubrifiant, ou encore ces brins sont en métal graissé ou ciré, et sont entourés chacun par une première gaine en matière plastique elle-même logée dans une gaine individuelle avec interposition du lubrifiant;
- les gaines individuelles des brins présentent des renflements espacés suivant la direction du câble;
- le tube extérieur du câble a une face interne pourvue de reliefs transversaux au droit de certains au moins des colliers;
- le tube extérieur du câble a une face externe pourvue de reliefs transversaux au droit de certains au moins des colliers qui sont eux-mêmes pourvus de reliefs complémentaires pour venir en prise sur le tube extérieur;
- le tube extérieur du câble comporte, au droit des colliers visés dans l'un ou l'autre des deux alinéas précédents, des tronçons pourvus de reliefs transversaux, soudés à des tronçons lisses s'étendant entre les colliers.
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique générale d'un pont suspendu;
- la figure 2 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un câble porteur et d'un collier d'accrochage de suspente d'un dispositif selon l'invention;
- les figures 3 et 4 sont des vues en coupe transversale de deux exemples de torons utilisables dans un dispositif selon l'invention;
- la figure 5 est une vue latérale schématique de torons utilisables dans un dispositif selon l'invention;
- les figures 6 à 8 sont des vues schématiques en coupe longitudinale de tubes extérieurs de câble porteur utilisables dans un dispositif selon l'invention.
Claims (8)
- Dispositif de suspension pour un ouvrage de construction, comprenant au moins un câble porteur (3) et des suspentes (4) attachées au câble porteur au moyen de colliers (13), le câble porteur comportant un faisceau de brins (7) aptes à être ancrés à leurs extrémités et tendus par la charge de l'ouvrage transmise par les suspentes, et une structure d'enveloppe (9,10,12) contenant les brins et sur laquelle sont montés les colliers, caractérisé en ce que la structure d'enveloppe présente, parallèlement au câble porteur, une résistance à la compression suffisante pour reprendre des composantes tangentielles des forces que les colliers exercent sur le câble du fait de la transmission de la charge par les suspentes, en ne transmettant sensiblement aucun effort de serrage aux brins.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la structure d'enveloppe comprend un tube extérieur (10), des gaines individuelles (9; 21; 25) contenant chacune un brin (7) du câble et un lubrifiant (8; 20), et un produit de remplissage durci (12) occupant l'espace entre le tube extérieur et les gaines individuelles.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 2, dans lequel les brins (7) sont en métal et sont enduits d'une graisse ou d'une cire constituant ledit lubrifiant (8).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 2, dans lequel les brins (7) sont en métal graissé ou ciré, et sont entourés chacun par une première gaine (19) en matière plastique elle-même logée dans une gaine individuelle (21) avec interposition du lubrifiant (20).
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, dans lequel chaque gaine individuelle (25) présente des renflements (26) espacés suivant la direction du câble.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 5, dans lequel le tube extérieur (10) a une face interne pourvue de reliefs transversaux (51; 61) au droit de certains au moins des colliers (13).
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la structure d'enveloppe comprend un tube extérieur (10) ayant une face externe pourvue de reliefs transversaux (41; 52; 62) au droit de certains au moins des colliers (13) qui sont eux-mêmes pourvus de reliefs complémentaires (42; 53; 63) pour venir en prise sur le tube extérieur.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 6 ou 7, dans lequel le tube extérieur (10) comporte, au droit desdits colliers (13), des tronçons (40; 50; 60) pourvus de reliefs transversaux (41; 51,52; 61,62), lesquels tronçons sont soudés à des tronçons lisses (30) s'étendant entre les colliers.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00100022A EP0990735A1 (fr) | 1998-04-10 | 1999-04-07 | Procédé de réalisation d'un cable de structure pour ouvrage de construction, cable ainsi réalisé, et toron individuellement gainé pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9804566 | 1998-04-10 | ||
FR9804566A FR2777296B1 (fr) | 1998-04-10 | 1998-04-10 | Dispositif de suspension pour un ouvrage de construction |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00100022A Division EP0990735A1 (fr) | 1998-04-10 | 1999-04-07 | Procédé de réalisation d'un cable de structure pour ouvrage de construction, cable ainsi réalisé, et toron individuellement gainé pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0950762A1 EP0950762A1 (fr) | 1999-10-20 |
EP0950762B1 true EP0950762B1 (fr) | 2003-10-22 |
Family
ID=9525157
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00100022A Withdrawn EP0990735A1 (fr) | 1998-04-10 | 1999-04-07 | Procédé de réalisation d'un cable de structure pour ouvrage de construction, cable ainsi réalisé, et toron individuellement gainé pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé |
EP99400844A Expired - Lifetime EP0950762B1 (fr) | 1998-04-10 | 1999-04-07 | Dispositif de suspension pour un ouvrage de construction |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00100022A Withdrawn EP0990735A1 (fr) | 1998-04-10 | 1999-04-07 | Procédé de réalisation d'un cable de structure pour ouvrage de construction, cable ainsi réalisé, et toron individuellement gainé pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP0990735A1 (fr) |
JP (2) | JP3828309B2 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE252666T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69912180T2 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK0950762T3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2209350T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2777296B1 (fr) |
NO (2) | NO318325B1 (fr) |
PT (1) | PT950762E (fr) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2820765B1 (fr) * | 2001-02-13 | 2003-04-11 | Baudin Chateauneuf | Collier de suspension comportant une tole mince |
JP3653269B2 (ja) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-05-25 | 極東鋼弦コンクリート振興株式会社 | 緊張材定着装置 |
GB2415005B (en) * | 2004-06-08 | 2006-05-03 | Thomas John Upstone | Suspension bridge cables |
KR100792660B1 (ko) | 2005-11-09 | 2008-01-09 | 심준기 | 합성케이블을 이용한 교량시공방법 |
GB2439736B (en) * | 2006-07-01 | 2011-02-16 | Thomas John Upstone | Variable suspension bridge cables |
JP5294739B2 (ja) * | 2008-07-10 | 2013-09-18 | 新日鉄住金エンジニアリング株式会社 | 連結金具 |
JP5247272B2 (ja) * | 2008-07-10 | 2013-07-24 | 新日鉄住金エンジニアリング株式会社 | ケーブル接続構造及び連結金具 |
KR101649320B1 (ko) * | 2008-12-26 | 2016-08-19 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | Mr유체 케이블 및 그 시스템 |
KR101137474B1 (ko) * | 2009-12-24 | 2012-04-20 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | 자기장 케이블 및 이를 이용한 진동 저감 구조 |
MX2013001486A (es) * | 2010-08-03 | 2013-06-05 | Soletanche Freyssinet | Hebra, cable estructural y metodo para fabricar la hebra. |
CN104389211A (zh) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-03-04 | 航宇救生装备有限公司 | 复合绳 |
CN107558370A (zh) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-01-09 | 柳州欧维姆机械股份有限公司 | 空间组合吊索 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR790494A (fr) * | 1935-05-24 | 1935-11-21 | Baudin B | Dispositif d'immobilisation des têtes de suspentes dans les ponts suspendus |
DE882410C (de) * | 1941-09-21 | 1953-07-09 | Eisen & Stahlind Ag | Verschiebungssichere Seilschellenbefestigung an Tragkabeln von Haengebruecken |
DE3737710A1 (de) * | 1987-11-06 | 1989-05-18 | Pfeifer Seil Hebetech | Klemme fuer verdrillte paralleldrahtbuendel |
FR2739112B1 (fr) | 1995-09-26 | 1998-01-02 | Freyssinet Int Stup | Ouvrage de genie civil suspendu et son procede de construction |
FR2739113B1 (fr) * | 1995-09-26 | 1997-12-05 | Freyssinet Int Stup | Toron individuellement protege pour ouvrage de genie civil suspendu, ouvrage incluant de tels torons, et procede de fabrication |
FR2744467B1 (fr) | 1996-02-06 | 1998-04-03 | Freyssinet Int Stup | Dispositif de suspension pour ouvrage de genie civil et procede de construction |
-
1998
- 1998-04-10 FR FR9804566A patent/FR2777296B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-04-07 EP EP00100022A patent/EP0990735A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-04-07 DE DE69912180T patent/DE69912180T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-07 DK DK99400844T patent/DK0950762T3/da active
- 1999-04-07 AT AT99400844T patent/ATE252666T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-04-07 PT PT99400844T patent/PT950762E/pt unknown
- 1999-04-07 EP EP99400844A patent/EP0950762B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-07 ES ES99400844T patent/ES2209350T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-08 NO NO19991657A patent/NO318325B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-04-09 JP JP10243099A patent/JP3828309B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-09-01 NO NO20004346A patent/NO20004346D0/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-11-13 JP JP2000344999A patent/JP2001192988A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2777296A1 (fr) | 1999-10-15 |
JP2001192988A (ja) | 2001-07-17 |
DE69912180D1 (de) | 2003-11-27 |
ATE252666T1 (de) | 2003-11-15 |
NO991657D0 (no) | 1999-04-08 |
NO20004346L (no) | 1999-10-11 |
EP0990735A1 (fr) | 2000-04-05 |
DE69912180T2 (de) | 2004-07-29 |
EP0950762A1 (fr) | 1999-10-20 |
NO20004346D0 (no) | 2000-09-01 |
PT950762E (pt) | 2004-03-31 |
FR2777296B1 (fr) | 2000-06-16 |
DK0950762T3 (da) | 2004-02-23 |
JP3828309B2 (ja) | 2006-10-04 |
NO318325B1 (no) | 2005-03-07 |
ES2209350T3 (es) | 2004-06-16 |
NO991657L (no) | 1999-10-11 |
JPH11323823A (ja) | 1999-11-26 |
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