EP0936636A2 - Electroaimant - Google Patents

Electroaimant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0936636A2
EP0936636A2 EP98124681A EP98124681A EP0936636A2 EP 0936636 A2 EP0936636 A2 EP 0936636A2 EP 98124681 A EP98124681 A EP 98124681A EP 98124681 A EP98124681 A EP 98124681A EP 0936636 A2 EP0936636 A2 EP 0936636A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
magnet
materials
field strength
diffusion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98124681A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0936636A3 (fr
Inventor
Hans Gander
Frank Kirschbaum
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Daimler AG
Original Assignee
DaimlerChrysler AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DaimlerChrysler AG filed Critical DaimlerChrysler AG
Publication of EP0936636A2 publication Critical patent/EP0936636A2/fr
Publication of EP0936636A3 publication Critical patent/EP0936636A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
    • H01F2003/106—Magnetic circuits using combinations of different magnetic materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnet according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • electromagnets with a coil and a ferromagnetic core are generally used.
  • the core is located in and / or surrounds the coil. If a current is passed through the coil, a magnetic field with the field strength H builds up around the coil in accordance with the law on flooding. Under the force of the magnetic field, the magnetic dipoles present in the core material orient themselves in the field direction and thus increase the magnetic flux density or induction in comparison to an air coil from B 0 to B. The resulting flux density is therefore dependent on the field strength H.
  • Electromagnetic actuators gas exchange valves usually have two solenoids, an opening magnet and a closing magnet with one coil and one core, between their pole faces an armature arranged coaxially to a valve axis is.
  • the armature acts on a valve stem via an armature tappet of the gas exchange valve.
  • a preloaded spring mechanism acts on the mass oscillator on the anchor.
  • Compression springs namely an upper and a lower Valve spring.
  • the upper valve spring loads in the opening direction and the lower valve spring in the closing direction of the gas exchange valve. If the magnet is not excited, the armature is replaced by the Valve springs in an equilibrium position between the magnets held.
  • the actuator is activated at start, either the Closing magnet or the opening magnet temporarily overexcited or the anchor with a start-up routine with its resonance frequency stimulated to be attracted to out of balance become.
  • the armature on the pole face of the energized closing magnet and is held by this.
  • the closing magnet clamps the in Valve spring acting in the opening direction further forward.
  • the closing magnet is switched off and the opening magnet is switched on.
  • the in the opening direction Acting valve spring accelerates the armature over the Equilibrium position, so that this from the opening magnet is attracted.
  • the anchor hits the pole face of the Opening magnet and is held by this.
  • the flight time of the anchor between the opening magnet and the Closing magnet is very short and is usually not enough that the Core of the catching magnet completely from the magnetic field of the Coil is interspersed after a voltage is applied to it has been.
  • the catching magnet must be activated before the anchor detaches from the holding magnet. This leads to unnecessary energy expenditure.
  • the mostly relatively sluggishly appealing Magnet does not react to abrupt disturbances become.
  • the coil core consists of a composite body, that of at least two mechanically clamped materials exists, at least one of which is ferromagnetic and in Longitudinal axis anisotropic, soft magnetic Possesses properties.
  • the composite body becomes a soft magnetic Body associated with a lower coercive force than the ferromagnetic part of the composite body and is sufficiently magnetostatically coupled to it.
  • the mechanical stresses in the composite body result in Longitudinal direction of the coil core is a magnetic preferred direction. If an external magnetic field acts on the coil core, it changes the direction of magnetization in the composite body more or less erratic when a certain field strength is exceeded or is fallen below, which can generate pulses.
  • the object of the invention is an electromagnet to develop the greatest attraction in the shortest possible time or holding force generated to thereby in particular an actuator for actuating a gas exchange valve To be able to control valve movement better.
  • the task is solved according to the invention by the features of claim 1, while advantageous refinements and developments of Invention can be found in the dependent claims.
  • the permeability number ⁇ r (H) depends on the field strength H, and in fact it drops at a specific field strength H S.
  • the magnetic flux density B characterized rises in a first region with the field strength H almost linearly and aims at a field strength H S, in a second non-linear region, a saturation flux density B s to.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that at a field strength H S , in which one is in the area of the saturation flux density B S , less eddy currents occur in the core material and the diffusion rate v D of the magnetic field into the core material is many times greater than in one Field strength H at which you are still in the linear range of B. The following applies to the diffusion rate v D : V D ⁇ t ⁇
  • Velocity values higher by a factor of 200 to 300 are achieved (see Feinwerktechnik & Messtechnik 90 (1982) 5, B. Aldefeld: Felddiffusion in Elektromagneten, p. 222 ff.). Furthermore, the permeability ⁇ in the case of core materials with a lower saturation flux density B S is smaller overall and thus the diffusion rate is greater.
  • the material closer to the coil in the diffusion direction has a smaller saturation flux density B S , which is achieved at a smaller field strength H S than the material which is further away from the coil. If the electromagnet is activated or a voltage is applied to the coil, a voltage arises through self-induction in the coil, which delays the current increase I and thus the increase in the magnetic field strength H.
  • the coil core according to the invention already achieves the saturation flux density B S of the materials closer to the coil in the diffusion direction in the rise phase of the magnetic field strength H, ie with a small magnetic field strength H S , so that a low permeability ⁇ and a high diffusion speed v D.
  • the materials in the diffusion direction are preferably matched to the course of the magnetic field strength in such a way that a small permeability ⁇ and a high diffusion speed v D occurs.
  • electromagnets according to the invention in an actuator, with the one as described above, a gas exchange valve Internal combustion engine is actuated via an anchor.
  • the electromagnet can be activated more quickly become, for example, only after the anchor of a opposite, previously holding magnets which saves energy.
  • the shorter Response time of the electromagnet the valve movement more precisely can be regulated, in particular, may occur Faults are reacted to more quickly.
  • a catching electromagnet for example the opening magnet, acts as early as possible on the armature with as large a force as possible after it has detached itself from a previously holding electromagnet, the closing magnet, it is known as a so-called characteristic-influenced electromagnet "(KLB magnet).
  • the coil core of the KLB magnet preferably has a step in the area of the coil in the direction of the correspondingly shaped armature, as a result of which the armature enters the magnetic field of the catching KLB magnet earlier.
  • the flight time of the armature The magnetic field of the capturing magnet is shorter than that of a flat coil core or flat pole face, so that the KLB magnet has built up as strong a magnetic field as possible after the short flight time and can exert its special effect with conventional electromagnets activated particularly early, ie before the armature detaches from the holding electromagnet, which consumes unnecessary energy and there is a risk that the armature will separate more easily from the pole face of the holding magnet if there are additional influences.
  • Magnets according to the invention Execute electromagnets with a quick power build-up. Energy is saved and the risk of the anchor unintentionally loosening too early is reduced. It is also possible to combine further constructions known to the person skilled in the art to increase the force or acceleration of the force build-up with the electromagnet according to the invention, such as, for example, with a coil core constructed from mutually insulated sheets, as described above.
  • the electromagnet according to the invention can be used in addition to Actuators for gas exchange valves, preferably in all areas of application be used where possible faster strength building is required.
  • Fig. 1 shows a section of an actuator 9, the one Opening magnet 22 and a closing magnet 23.
  • the Electromagnets 22, 23 each have a coil 4, 12 that is surrounded by a coil core 5, 11. Will be on one of the coils 4, 12 a voltage is applied, the current I rises through the Self-induction delayed on (Fig. 2).
  • Fig. 2 Around the coil 4, 12 creates a magnetic field 20, 21, the field strength H corresponding the current intensity I rises with a delay (FIG. 3).
  • the Magnetic field 20, 21 spreads from the coil 4, 12 in the coil core 5, 11, i.e. be in the coil core 5, 11 existing magnetic dipoles aligned in the field direction what is also referred to as diffusion.
  • the coil cores 5, 11 have different ferromagnetic materials 6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15 in the diffusion direction 1, 2, 3, 17, 18, 19. Ferromagnetic materials have a permeability number ⁇ r that depends on the field strength H, and this rises first to a maximum value and then falls again (FIG. 4).
  • ⁇ r ⁇ O H results from the fact that the flux density B of a certain field strength H S, in which the relative permeability ⁇ r falls, at a saturation flux density B approaches S (Fig. 5 and 6).
  • the flux density B is plotted against the field strength H for two different material combinations, in FIG. 5 for the closing magnet 23 and in FIG. 6 for the opening magnet 22.
  • the materials 6, 7, 8 in the diffusion direction 1, 2, 3 each have a greater increase in the flux density B in the case of small field strengths H, while the materials 13, 14, 15 of the opening magnet 22 have in the diffusion direction 17, 18, 19 with small field strengths H a smaller increase in the flux density B, a combination between the materials 13, 14, 15 of the opening magnet 22 and that of the closing magnet 23 being possible.
  • a combination of materials in the direction of diffusion 1, 2, 3, 17, 18, 19 could be, for example, mild steel, structural steel and Armco iron.
  • the diffusion has a velocity v D , which depends on the permeability ⁇ and thus on the permeability number ⁇ r , namely: V D ⁇ t ⁇
  • the diffusion rate v D is very large with a small permeability number and thus in the saturation range of a material. If the field strength H increases according to FIG. 3, the field strength H S6 or H S13 of materials 6 or 13 is reached early, still in the rise phase of H, and then that of materials 7, 8 or 14, 15. Already in In the rise phase of H, particularly high diffusion velocities V D are achieved and thus a particularly rapid build-up of force.
  • the opening magnet 22 is for this preferably as a so-called characteristic-influenced magnet (KLB magnet), i.e. the opening magnet 22 has a stepped pole face 25 or is corresponding in the direction 16 of the molded anchor 10 executed stepped. This will be preferred achieved in that the coil 12 of core material 13 surrounded offset in the direction 16 of the armature 10 is.
  • the opening magnet 22 thus acts with its magnetic field 21 earlier on from the closing magnet 23 in the opening direction 24 moving anchor 10.
  • the flight time of anchor 10 from Closing magnet 23 into the effective range of the opening magnet 22 is therefore particularly short.
  • the magnetic field 21 must can be built up quickly, so that a construction according to the invention of the coil core 11 with different materials 13, 14, 15 is particularly advantageous.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
EP98124681A 1998-02-10 1998-12-24 Electroaimant Withdrawn EP0936636A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19805171 1998-02-10
DE19805171A DE19805171C2 (de) 1998-02-10 1998-02-10 Elektromagnet und Verwendung desselben

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0936636A2 true EP0936636A2 (fr) 1999-08-18
EP0936636A3 EP0936636A3 (fr) 2000-08-16

Family

ID=7857130

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98124681A Withdrawn EP0936636A3 (fr) 1998-02-10 1998-12-24 Electroaimant

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0936636A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE19805171C2 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2847379A1 (fr) * 2002-11-18 2004-05-21 Johnson Contr Automotive Elect Actionneur electromagnetique a surface actives additionnelles
EP1450009A2 (fr) * 2003-02-18 2004-08-25 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA Actionneur électromagnétique de commande de soupape pour moteur à combustion interne
WO2008090452A2 (fr) * 2007-01-24 2008-07-31 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Soupape entraînée de façon électromagnétique
WO2012016827A1 (fr) * 2010-08-05 2012-02-09 Fluid Automation Systems S.A. Electrovanne avec noyau en deux parties
WO2014005664A1 (fr) * 2012-07-06 2014-01-09 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg Électroaimant, frein à actionnement électromagnétique et moteur-frein
EP3667140A1 (fr) * 2018-12-14 2020-06-17 Marotta Controls, Inc. Soupape à solénoïde

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2416119A1 (de) * 1973-04-03 1974-10-17 Centre Nat Etd Spatiales Elektromagnet mit hoher tragkraft und kurzer ansprechzeit
JPS5680104A (en) * 1979-12-05 1981-07-01 Canon Inc Attracting type electromagnet
DE3152008C1 (de) * 1981-12-31 1983-07-07 Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen Langgestreckter magnetischer Schaltkern
EP0296983A1 (fr) * 1987-06-26 1988-12-28 Lucas Ledex, Inc. Solénoide à haute vitesse et à trois dimensions avec fente d'aération double

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE922423C (de) * 1942-08-21 1955-01-17 Aeg Transformator oder Drosselspule mit im oberen Teil stark abgeflachter Strom-Spannungs-Kennlinie
DE975437C (de) * 1952-05-06 1961-11-30 Siemens Ag Entstoerungsdrossel
DE3729418A1 (de) * 1987-09-03 1989-03-16 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh Spulenkern fuer eine induktive, frequenzunabhaengige schaltvorrichtung

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2416119A1 (de) * 1973-04-03 1974-10-17 Centre Nat Etd Spatiales Elektromagnet mit hoher tragkraft und kurzer ansprechzeit
JPS5680104A (en) * 1979-12-05 1981-07-01 Canon Inc Attracting type electromagnet
DE3152008C1 (de) * 1981-12-31 1983-07-07 Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen Langgestreckter magnetischer Schaltkern
EP0296983A1 (fr) * 1987-06-26 1988-12-28 Lucas Ledex, Inc. Solénoide à haute vitesse et à trois dimensions avec fente d'aération double

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 005, no. 145 (E-074), 12. September 1981 (1981-09-12) & JP 56 080104 A (CANON INC;OTHERS: 01), 1. Juli 1981 (1981-07-01) *

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2847379A1 (fr) * 2002-11-18 2004-05-21 Johnson Contr Automotive Elect Actionneur electromagnetique a surface actives additionnelles
EP1450009A2 (fr) * 2003-02-18 2004-08-25 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA Actionneur électromagnétique de commande de soupape pour moteur à combustion interne
EP1450009A3 (fr) * 2003-02-18 2005-03-30 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA Actionneur électromagnétique de commande de soupape pour moteur à combustion interne
WO2008090452A2 (fr) * 2007-01-24 2008-07-31 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Soupape entraînée de façon électromagnétique
WO2008090452A3 (fr) * 2007-01-24 2008-09-18 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Soupape entraînée de façon électromagnétique
WO2012016827A1 (fr) * 2010-08-05 2012-02-09 Fluid Automation Systems S.A. Electrovanne avec noyau en deux parties
CN103052998A (zh) * 2010-08-05 2013-04-17 弗路德自动控制***有限公司 具有两件式芯的电磁阀
WO2014005664A1 (fr) * 2012-07-06 2014-01-09 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg Électroaimant, frein à actionnement électromagnétique et moteur-frein
CN104428850A (zh) * 2012-07-06 2015-03-18 索尤若驱动有限及两合公司 电磁体,能够以电磁方式操纵的制动器和制动马达
EP2870613B1 (fr) 2012-07-06 2017-09-20 Sew-Eurodrive GmbH & Co. KG Électroaimant, frein à actionnement électromagnétique et moteur-frein
US9945433B2 (en) 2012-07-06 2018-04-17 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg Electromagnet, electromagnetically actuatable brake and brake motor
EP3667140A1 (fr) * 2018-12-14 2020-06-17 Marotta Controls, Inc. Soupape à solénoïde
US11022231B2 (en) 2018-12-14 2021-06-01 Marotta Controls, Inc. Solenoid valve

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19805171C2 (de) 2000-08-03
EP0936636A3 (fr) 2000-08-16
DE19805171A1 (de) 1999-08-19

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