EP0935034B1 - Procédé de confection d'un ancrage, pièce d'ancrage et élément de tension à cet effet - Google Patents

Procédé de confection d'un ancrage, pièce d'ancrage et élément de tension à cet effet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0935034B1
EP0935034B1 EP98810096A EP98810096A EP0935034B1 EP 0935034 B1 EP0935034 B1 EP 0935034B1 EP 98810096 A EP98810096 A EP 98810096A EP 98810096 A EP98810096 A EP 98810096A EP 0935034 B1 EP0935034 B1 EP 0935034B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cavity
cross
area
section
anchorage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98810096A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0935034A1 (fr
Inventor
Herve Belbeoc'h
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VSL International Ltd
Original Assignee
VSL International Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by VSL International Ltd filed Critical VSL International Ltd
Priority to EP05102789.4A priority Critical patent/EP1559847B1/fr
Priority to DE69837524T priority patent/DE69837524T2/de
Priority to EP98810096A priority patent/EP0935034B1/fr
Priority to ES98810096T priority patent/ES2285752T3/es
Priority to AU13184/99A priority patent/AU748723B2/en
Priority to US09/244,938 priority patent/US6216403B1/en
Priority to NO19990557A priority patent/NO323179B1/no
Priority to KR10-1999-0004175A priority patent/KR100385237B1/ko
Priority to JP03039499A priority patent/JP3215381B2/ja
Priority to CNB991021568A priority patent/CN1152995C/zh
Publication of EP0935034A1 publication Critical patent/EP0935034A1/fr
Priority to HK00100815A priority patent/HK1022007A1/xx
Priority to US09/799,283 priority patent/US20010007185A1/en
Priority to US10/082,898 priority patent/US20020078643A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0935034B1 publication Critical patent/EP0935034B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
    • E04C5/127—The tensile members being made of fiber reinforced plastics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
    • E04C5/125—Anchoring devices the tensile members are profiled to ensure the anchorage, e.g. when provided with screw-thread, bulges, corrugations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/12—Mounting of reinforcing inserts; Prestressing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/58—Prestressed concrete piles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of anchors in civil engineering, including blind anchors that are accessible only on one side.
  • an anchor head of a tension element prestressed or not it is not possible to access the anchor from the rear. This case is encountered particularly in the case of a buried anchor, access to the anchor being only possible from the ground surface, or in the case where a sealing or corrosion protection must be specially treated so that the rear side anchor must be closed.
  • This constraint prevents the use of a traditional anchor plate where the attachment of the tension element to the plate, for example by means of anchoring cones, requires the development of new types of anchoring.
  • Patent EP-0,351,582 shows an anchorage accessible from only one side; the disadvantage of the device described here being that each tension element, respectively the tube in which they are introduced, is maintained solely by longitudinal adhesion, which greatly limits the tensile force that can withstand such an anchoring and leads to a length anchoring very important to obtain a sufficient adhesion surface.
  • US Pat. No. 4,043,133 provides for a cladding tube for tension elements maintained solely by longitudinal adhesion in the surrounding ground. The tension members protrude from the lower end of the tube and are all attached to an anchor plate, without the manner in which the latter plate is introduced into the cavity and the manner in which the tensioning elements are attached to said plate. are described. In the case where this embodiment is feasible, the transmission of the anchoring force of the end of the tension elements in the surrounding ground through the injected cladding tube is achieved solely by longitudinal adhesion, without benefiting from the corner effect as described in the invention below.
  • Document DE-A-44 37 104 in the name of the applicant, relates to an anchoring device which, prefabricated in the factory or on the site of use (column 3, lines 17 to 21), is intended to be trapped in a massive anchor to allow the realization of an anchorage in such a massive.
  • the push rods used in the case of the device of DE-A-44 37 104 can not be used for the construction of an anchor according to the invention.
  • the second end of these rods is constituted by radial deployment and the curvature of the metal wires, it does not make it possible to guarantee the achievement of the result sought by the invention, namely the sliding of a second end onto another second end already installed in a cavity in the anchor.
  • a first object of the invention is to propose a method for producing an anchorage accessible from a single side, not meeting the mentioned drawbacks of known anchors, that is to say making it possible to carry out an anchoring in which the elements tension are maintained so that the tensile force on each of them at the anchor is taken up by adhesion, this adhesion being substantially favored by the confinement induced by the general shape of the anchor, and by longitudinal mechanical locking of the ends of the tensioning elements, due to the particular shape of said ends and their arrangement in a cavity of substantially tapered shape.
  • a second object of the invention is to propose a device that makes it possible to perform such an anchoring.
  • an anchoring cavity of determined shape For the implementation of the method of the invention, it is first necessary to obtain an anchoring cavity of determined shape.
  • the shape of this anchoring cavity is essentially oblong, tapered, with a first end open on the accessible side of the anchor and a second closed end on the non-accessible side of the anchor.
  • the cross section of the first end of the anchor must be smaller than another cross section of the cavity, this section corresponds to that of the second end or to an intermediate section of the cavity.
  • a first means consists in using an anchoring piece, comprising a prefabricated internal cavity having the desired shape of the anchoring cavity.
  • a preferred embodiment of such an anchoring piece is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the anchoring piece 1 consists essentially of a wall 10, preferably thin, limiting an internal cavity 11.
  • a first end of the anchor 1, the upper end of the part in the figure comprises an opening 12, and means 13 for securing a tubular protective sheath of the tension elements whose utility will be described later.
  • the other end of the anchoring piece 1 is closed by a bottom wall 14.
  • the external shape of the anchoring piece 1, or of the internal cavity 11 is essentially tapered, for example in a truncated cone or pyramid , with the weakest straight section close to the opening 12 and the strongest straight section close to the bottom wall 14.
  • An inlet 15 is arranged near the bottom wall 14, a tube of injection 16 being fixed or attachable to said inlet port.
  • a discharge port 17 is provided near the opening 12, a discharge tube 18 being fixed or attachable to said discharge port.
  • the tapered outer surface, respectively truncated cone or pyramid, of the anchor 1 comprises one or more anchoring rings 19 disposed on the periphery of said surface, the purpose of which is to improve the transmission and the distribution of the anchoring force in the surrounding structure.
  • the form embodiment shown in the figure comprises two such rings 19.
  • the anchor 1 may be of synthetic material, metal or concrete, its dimensions depending essentially on the importance of the anchor considered.
  • FIG. 2A shows the first step of the method of manufacturing an anchor according to the invention using such an anchor. While the surrounding concrete structure is not yet made, an anchor 1 is placed at the exact place where the anchoring must be made, the opening 12 being directed towards the future tension elements.
  • the anchor piece 1 is held in place by a temporary scaffold or preferably by irons 20 of the reinforcement of the concrete. Preferably, but without this being essential to the invention is arranged around the anchoring piece 1 or more circular irons 21 forming one or frets, to improve the cohesion of concrete in this place.
  • FIG. 2B it can be seen that the concrete structure 2 to support the anchorage has been concretely concreted around the anchoring piece 1.
  • the anchoring piece 1 is thus entirely surrounded and maintained in the concrete structure 2, with the exception of its first end provided with the opening 12 which is flush with the upper surface of the concrete structure 2 or which, as shown here, protrudes slightly above said upper surface of the concrete structure 2, and that ends of the injection tubes 16 and evacuation 18 which remain accessible outside the concrete structure 2.
  • a cavity 11, of definite shape has been obtained inside a concrete structure 2.
  • this cavity 11 has been obtained using a part anchor 1 provided with a prefabricated cavity.
  • the same cavity 11 in a concrete structure 2 can also be obtained in other ways, for example by making it on site.
  • the formwork is dismounted by acting from the opening 12 and is extracted from the cavity 11 by the same opening.
  • the cavity 11 can be obtained by drilling a cavity 11 of the desired shape in an existing structure 2.
  • the latter method of drilling is rather reserved for cases of an anchorage directly in the ground or for the installation of a new anchorage on an existing structure 2.
  • the cavity 11, obtained in any of the ways described has two important dimensions, a passage area of the opening 12 called S12 and a maximum cross-sectional area called S11 (see Figure 1).
  • the structural element to be prestressed 3 is laid or concreted, in known manner, over the concrete structure 2, said structural element 3 preferably comprising a conduit or a cladding tube 30, one end of which faces the opening 12 to be fixed on the fastening means 13 adjacent to said opening.
  • the cross-section of the cladding tube 30 or duct provided in the structural element 3 for the tensioning elements corresponds essentially to the section of the opening 12 of the cavity 11.
  • the cladding tube 30 or the corresponding duct arranged in the structural element 3 comprises at least one injection orifice 31, connected to an injection tube 32, at least one of said orifices 31 being preferably disposed near the end of the tube 30 close to the opening 12 , as well as at least one discharge orifice connected to a discharge tube, at least one of said discharge orifices being disposed near the other end (not visible in the figure) of the tube 30, respectively of the structural element 3.
  • the fourth step, shown in Figure 2D is to introduce the voltage elements.
  • FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D show, by way of nonlimiting examples, four embodiments of such a tension element 4.
  • the tension element 4 essentially consists of a pull rod 40 and an end portion 41.
  • the end portion 41 on the pull rod 40 is designed such that said end portion 41 has a larger cross-sectional area S41 than the cross sectional area S40 of the pull rod 40, this for the reasons that will be explained below.
  • the other end of the pull rod 40 has no end portion of this type and is formed for a normal anchor, known in the art.
  • the pull rod 40 may be of any known type, consisting of either a unitary strand or a plurality of strands helically assembled to form a pulling cable.
  • the unitary strand or strands assembled to form the pull rod 40 may be steel, preferably a high tensile steel or synthetic material, for example based on carbon fiber or Kevlar.
  • the end portion 41 may consist of an end piece 41, made of metal or of synthetic material, which is firmly fixed to the end of the pull rod 40.
  • the choice of the material of the end piece 41 thus that its mode of attachment to the pull rod 40 depends essentially on the material as well as the way in which the pull rod 40 is constituted.
  • the end piece 41 essentially comprises a central body 42, bounded by an upper portion 43 and a lower portion 44.
  • the central body may have a straight cylindrical shape, with a circular cross-section as in FIG. 3A or polygonal, or else a tapered shape in a truncated cone or pyramid, with a circular or polygonal straight section, as in FIG. Figure 3B.
  • the portion of smaller section is that adjacent to the upper portion 43.
  • the two portions 43 and 44 are curved or formed of inclined planes, so as to facilitate the sliding of an end portion being installed on another end portion already installed, as will be seen below.
  • the end portion 41 may be formed by deformation or machining directly on the end of the pull rod 40.
  • FIGS. 3C and 3D show examples of end portions of this type.
  • the traction rod 40 consists of a unitary strand and the end portion 41 is obtained by deformation, for example by forging, stamping or stamping, of the end of the pull rod 40.
  • FIG. 3D shows an example of an end portion 41 obtained on a traction rod 40 consisting of assembled strands.
  • the end of each strand has been moved away from its normal position, a ring or ligation may be provided just before this separation to prevent undocking of the rest of the towing cable.
  • the spaced apart ends of the strands may be held in position by a complementary holding piece 45, for example a circular disk welded or fixed in any way under the spaced strands or may be left free.
  • the part for holding the spaced strands may consist of an element having the shape of two conical portions contiguous by their base, a first conical portion being introduced between the strands to remove them, while the second conical portion has the same use as the lower portion 44 described above.
  • the end portion 41 it may also have a circular or polygonal shape and include the upper and lower portions 43 and 44 as previously described.
  • end pieces 41 or deformed end portion portions 41 are not limiting both in their form and their means of obtaining; any means for increasing the cross sectional area of the end portion of the pull rod 40 can be envisaged.
  • end piece 41 it being understood that it may also be an end portion as described above.
  • FIG. 2E shows the utility of the curved or inclined shape that can be provided on the upper portion 43 and the lower portion 44 of the end piece 41.
  • FIG. 2F shows that after a certain number of tension elements have been installed, a new end piece to be installed may not find its place at the bottom of the cavity 11; in this case, it is sufficient for the tension element in question to fulfill its role entirely later, that the end piece is pushed as low as possible into the cavity until it abuts against a or several pieces already installed or against the side wall of the cavity.
  • a liquid sealing material 50 is introduced through the injection tube 16; this material enters the cavity 11 through the injection orifice 15 and fills the empty spaces between the end pieces 41 and the ends of the traction rods 40 in the cavity 11, until at least partially filling the cavity 11 .
  • the discharge orifice 17 and the discharge tube 18 serves to evacuate the air contained in the cavity 11 during its filling and to control the filling level of the cavity 11.
  • the cavity 11 is filled until the liquid mass introduced reaches the level of the discharge orifice 17.
  • the material contained in the cavity 11 then hardens to form a rigid block of high mechanical strength 5 in which the end pieces 41 and the ends of the pull rods 40 are recessed.
  • the tensioning elements 4 are each subjected to traction until reaching the prescribed prestressing tension value.
  • This traction is effected in a conventional manner, by acting on the other end of each tension element 4, respectively of each pull rod 40, the tensioning elements being pretensioned simultaneously or sequentially.
  • the tapered, frustoconical or pyramidal shape of the cavity 11, respectively of the cured mass in which the end pieces 41 and the ends of the rods 40 of the tensioning elements 4 are embedded allows a effective corner anchoring in the concrete structure 2.
  • this wedge shape prevents any axial displacement of the cured mass 5 and causes transmission of the anchoring forces in the surrounding structure 2 by axial compression and not by simple adhesion. The length of this anchorage is therefore favorably reduced.
  • (N x S41) * generally represents the area generated by the bundle of the N-pieces of assembled ends, each having a cross-sectional area S41.
  • the individual sections S41 and the passage section S12 must be dimensioned for a blocking end pieces 41 when the tensile force is exerted simultaneously on all the tensioning elements 4.
  • step of pretensioning of the tensioning elements 4 can be carried out differently than described, in particular in the case of a simple unassembled guying.
  • the empty space inside the cladding tube 30, respectively inside the duct arranged in the structural element 3 can be filled with a another sealing material 60 through the injection tube (s) 32 and the injection port (s) 31 in order to preserve the tightness of the claimed system and to prevent corrosion of the pretensioners.
  • This last step is also optional, dependent if such protection is required or necessary.
  • each tension element 4 being taken up mainly by its part or its end portion 41 and carried on the high-strength hardened sealing block. mechanical 5.
  • An effective transmission of this effort is possible through the firm attachment of the end piece 41 on the pull rod 40; this fixing can be performed in the factory, its mechanical strength is very high.
  • This force is then transferred by the oblique walls of the cavity 11 to the surrounding structure 2.
  • frets 21 may be provided to further improve the cohesion of the surrounding structure 2 around the cavity 11.
  • This type of anchorage is particularly well suited for prestressing anchoring of a prestressed structural element 3. It can also lend itself to anchoring of non-prestressed tension elements, such as for example stay cables of a mast or of a pylon, the stays can then not be protected by a protective tube 30. Similarly it is not essential that the cavity 11 is arranged in a surrounding concrete structure, a borehole or in rock allowing to obtain a required cavity can also be expected. The description was made for a cavity whose longitudinal axis is essentially vertical, with its opening 12 upwards. Other geometrical arrangements are also possible, the dimensions of the cavity 11 being adapted to obtain a sufficient filling of the cavity 11 by the sealing liquid 50.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Dowels (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
EP98810096A 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Procédé de confection d'un ancrage, pièce d'ancrage et élément de tension à cet effet Expired - Lifetime EP0935034B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (13)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05102789.4A EP1559847B1 (fr) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Elément de tension pour la confection d'un ancrage
DE69837524T DE69837524T2 (de) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verankerung, Verankerungsteil und Spannelement zu diesem Zweck
EP98810096A EP0935034B1 (fr) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Procédé de confection d'un ancrage, pièce d'ancrage et élément de tension à cet effet
ES98810096T ES2285752T3 (es) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Procedimiento de ejecuccion de un anclaje, pieza de anclaje y elemento de tension para este objeto.
AU13184/99A AU748723B2 (en) 1998-02-09 1999-01-21 Method, member and tendon for constructing an anchoring device
US09/244,938 US6216403B1 (en) 1998-02-09 1999-02-04 Method, member, and tendon for constructing an anchoring device
NO19990557A NO323179B1 (no) 1998-02-09 1999-02-05 Fremgangsmate for fremstilling av et anker, et forankringsstykke og et forankringsspennelement
KR10-1999-0004175A KR100385237B1 (ko) 1998-02-09 1999-02-08 고정장치를 구축하는 방법, 부재 및 철근
JP03039499A JP3215381B2 (ja) 1998-02-09 1999-02-08 定着装置を構築する方法、部材および鉄筋
CNB991021568A CN1152995C (zh) 1998-02-09 1999-02-09 用于构造锚定装置的方法、构件和钢索
HK00100815A HK1022007A1 (en) 1998-02-09 2000-02-11 Method, member, and tendon for constructing an anchoring device.
US09/799,283 US20010007185A1 (en) 1998-02-09 2001-03-05 Method, member, and tendon for constructing an anchoring device
US10/082,898 US20020078643A1 (en) 1998-02-09 2002-02-26 Method, member, and tendon for constructing an anchoring device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98810096A EP0935034B1 (fr) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Procédé de confection d'un ancrage, pièce d'ancrage et élément de tension à cet effet

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05102789.4A Division EP1559847B1 (fr) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Elément de tension pour la confection d'un ancrage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0935034A1 EP0935034A1 (fr) 1999-08-11
EP0935034B1 true EP0935034B1 (fr) 2007-04-11

Family

ID=8235928

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98810096A Expired - Lifetime EP0935034B1 (fr) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Procédé de confection d'un ancrage, pièce d'ancrage et élément de tension à cet effet
EP05102789.4A Expired - Lifetime EP1559847B1 (fr) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Elément de tension pour la confection d'un ancrage

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05102789.4A Expired - Lifetime EP1559847B1 (fr) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Elément de tension pour la confection d'un ancrage

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (3) US6216403B1 (no)
EP (2) EP0935034B1 (no)
JP (1) JP3215381B2 (no)
KR (1) KR100385237B1 (no)
CN (1) CN1152995C (no)
AU (1) AU748723B2 (no)
DE (1) DE69837524T2 (no)
ES (1) ES2285752T3 (no)
HK (1) HK1022007A1 (no)
NO (1) NO323179B1 (no)

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EP3936738B1 (fr) 2020-07-15 2023-02-15 Soletanche Freyssinet Détension câble

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CN1152995C (zh) 2004-06-09
KR100385237B1 (ko) 2003-05-23
NO990557D0 (no) 1999-02-05
ES2285752T3 (es) 2007-11-16
CN1225969A (zh) 1999-08-18
DE69837524D1 (de) 2007-05-24
EP1559847A1 (fr) 2005-08-03
US6216403B1 (en) 2001-04-17
EP1559847B1 (fr) 2020-03-25
AU1318499A (en) 1999-08-26
HK1022007A1 (en) 2000-07-21
NO990557L (no) 1999-08-10
JP2000064434A (ja) 2000-02-29
US20020078643A1 (en) 2002-06-27
KR19990072472A (ko) 1999-09-27
US20010007185A1 (en) 2001-07-12
DE69837524T2 (de) 2007-12-20
AU748723B2 (en) 2002-06-13
JP3215381B2 (ja) 2001-10-02
EP0935034A1 (fr) 1999-08-11

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