EP0923158B1 - Antenna - Google Patents

Antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0923158B1
EP0923158B1 EP98660138A EP98660138A EP0923158B1 EP 0923158 B1 EP0923158 B1 EP 0923158B1 EP 98660138 A EP98660138 A EP 98660138A EP 98660138 A EP98660138 A EP 98660138A EP 0923158 B1 EP0923158 B1 EP 0923158B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
parasitic
antenna
meander
parasitic element
width
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98660138A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0923158A2 (en
EP0923158A3 (en
Inventor
Saku Lahti
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nokia Oyj
Original Assignee
Nokia Oyj
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nokia Oyj filed Critical Nokia Oyj
Publication of EP0923158A2 publication Critical patent/EP0923158A2/en
Publication of EP0923158A3 publication Critical patent/EP0923158A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0923158B1 publication Critical patent/EP0923158B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/378—Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H01Q5/48—Combinations of two or more dipole type antennas
    • H01Q5/49—Combinations of two or more dipole type antennas with parasitic elements used for purposes other than for dual-band or multi-band, e.g. imbricated Yagi antennas

Definitions

  • the object of the invention is an antenna structure defined in the preamble of claim 1, and an antenna structure applicable in mobile stations operating on two frequency ranges as set out in the preamble of claim 9.
  • the antenna must for instance operate on two frequency ranges, such as the 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz ranges; the bandwidths must be relatively large; the radiation and reception characteristics must be rather good in different positions of the device and the antenna, as well as in different locations regarding external objects; and yet the antenna must be relatively small and compact.
  • Figure 1 presents previously known antenna structures operating on two frequency ranges.
  • An antenna according to the invention is characterised in what is presented in the independent claims 1 and 9. Some preferred embodiments of the invention are presented in the dependent claims.
  • the basic idea of the invention is as follows: on one side of a small dielectric plate, such as a printed circuit board, there is a regularly or almost regularly repeating conductor pattern, which at one end is connected to a conductor for reception and the antenna feed. On the opposite side of the plate, or within it, there is a parasitically coupled conducting area which is formed so that the structure has two resonance frequencies relatively far away from each other.
  • the advantage of the invention is that the bandwidths at each operating range will be wider than in prior known structures. This is important, particularly when the device is used in different positions, and when the pass-bands slightly shift, due to i.a. a shifted position.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that when the antenna is short and flat, it is on one hand possible to turn it into a protected position close to the frame of the device, and on the other hand that its electrical characteristics then remain adequate, because the distance to the device frame is kept relatively large.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that due to the flat form of the antenna it can be placed at the back wall in mobile phones, whereby the power (SAR) absorbed into the user's head will be as low as possible.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that the costs of the antenna are relatively low due to the simple structure.
  • figure 2 there is a structure according to the invention, which includes a dielectric plate 21, a radiating element 22 connected to the feed line 25 of the antenna, and a radiating parasitic element 23.
  • the dielectric plate is the dielectric layer of the printed circuit board.
  • the element 22 is a rectangular conductor pattern of the meander type, which is formed on the other side of the plate 21, for instance by etching.
  • meander means a line without branches and where a certain basic form or its modification, or different basic forms, are repeated in sequence in the same direction. Examples of the meander pattern are shown in figure 5. Below the element 22 is called a meander element.
  • a parasitic element means a conductor which is galvanically isolated from the other conductors of the system, but which has an electromagnetic coupling to them.
  • a parasitic element 23 is a conductor area formed by etching on the surface, which is opposite regarding the meander element, and which is electromagnetically coupled to the meander element.
  • the symbols affecting the characteristics of the antenna are also marked in figure 2: the thickness d of the dielectric layer, the height h of the meander element 22, the width w of the meander element, the height s of the repeating pattern in the meander element, the width w 1 of the conductor of the meander element, the height h p of the parasitic element 23, the width w p of the parasitic element, the height difference e 1 +e 2 of the meander and parasitic elements, of which e 1 is at the upper end of the structure and e 2 at the bottom end.
  • the height direction means here and particularly in the claims the direction of the largest dimension h of the meander element.
  • the structure of the figure 2 has two resonance frequencies, of which the lower is determined mainly by the meander element 22, and the upper mainly by the parasitic element 23. Naturally the elements interact and thus have an effect on both resonance frequencies.
  • the structure is characterised in that the resonance frequencies are relatively far from each other; one can be arranged for instance in the frequency range used by the GSM network, and the other in the frequency range used by a PCN network or satellite telephones.
  • the structure is particularly characterised in that the bandwidths both in the upper and the lower operating range are relatively large.
  • the planar parasitic element causes namely a wide upper band and also acts on the lower band in a way which makes it wider. The bandwidths can be tuned by the dimensioning.
  • the parasitic element When for instance the upper band is desired to be as wide as possible, then the parasitic element must be dimensioned as a wide one, and it must be located downwards, so that the dimension e 1 is relatively large. Wider bandwidths can also be obtained, without changing the resonance frequencies, by making the meander pattern with wider spaces, or by increasing the dimension s, and by at the same time increasing the heights h and h p of the radiating elements. Thus there must be a compromise between the bandwidths and the antenna size.
  • the characteristics of the antenna are affected by the antenna dimensions and also by the matter between the meander and the parasitic elements: when the dielectric constant of the dielectric plate increases the upper resonance frequency decreases.
  • the band characteristics of an antenna are often examined by measuring its return loss A r as a function of the frequency.
  • the return loss means the ratio between the energy supplied to the antenna and the energy returning from it. It is the absolute value of the inverse of the square of the reflection coefficient or the parameter s 11 .
  • the return loss is 1, or 0 dB
  • the antenna will not radiate at all; all energy fed into it will return to the feeding source.
  • the reception characteristics of the antenna follow the transmission characteristics: the more effectively the antenna transmits on a certain frequency and into a certain direction, the more effectively it also will receive on said frequency from said direction.
  • the bandwidth of the antenna can be defined in different ways: it can mean the difference between those frequencies at which the return loss has decreased 3 dB from its best value or maximum value. Often the bandwidth is regarded as the difference between those frequencies at which the value of the return loss is 10 dB or 10. This corresponds to the value 2 of the standing wave ratio SWR.
  • Figure 3 shows an example of the variation of the return loss A r of an antenna according to the invention as a function of the frequency in different operating situations.
  • the measurement range in figure 3 is from 800 MHz to 2.2 GHz.
  • the thin unbroken curve 31 corresponds to the situation of figure 4a: the antenna is out and pointing upwards, and there are no other objects in the vicinity.
  • the broad unbroken curve 32 corresponds to the situation of figure 4b: a human head is now adjacent to the mobile station.
  • the dotted line 33 corresponds to the situation of figure 4c: the antenna is out, but in an inclined position, such as in a multifunction mobile station during normal operation.
  • the line 34 of dots and dashes corresponds to the situation of figure 4d: the antenna is turned into a protected position, such as adjacent the frame of the mobile station.
  • the curve 31 shows that when the mobile station is in a free space the lower range is about 900 to 975 MHz and the upper range about 1670 to 1940 MHz.
  • the curve 32 shows that in the situation of a normal call the lower range is about 880 to 975 MHz, and the upper range about 1630 to 1920 MHz.
  • the figure 33 shows that in the operational position of a multifunction mobile station the lower range is about 885 to 975 MHz and the upper range about 1690 to 2100 MHz.
  • Figure 34 shows that when the antenna is turned the lower range is about 845 to 955 MHz and the upper range about 1625 to 1890 MHz. It is observed that the position of the ranges and their widths depend on the position of the antenna and on the environment, but that in all cases the ranges cover the ranges used by the GSM and the PCN networks. When the antenna is in the turned position the mean return loss in the pass-band is of the order of 10 dB less than in the normal position. Then the transmit power is of course lower, but however, in most cases still sufficient.
  • FIG 5 shows examples of some possible variations.
  • the meander element comprises straight sections as in figure 2, but the angles between the conductor sections differ from a straight angle. Further the width of the pattern increases in the downward direction.
  • the meander element comprises straight sections, but they form a triangular wave pattern.
  • the parasitic element is elliptical instead of a rectangle.
  • the meander element comprises circular arcs and straight lines. A gap 51 has been formed in the parasitic element, whereby the gap radiates on a third frequency range.
  • an antenna like this can then be dimensioned to operate on the frequency ranges used by three systems.
  • figure 5d has a second parasitic element 52 on the same side of the printed circuit board as the feed conductor or the meander element.
  • the material of the dielectric plate can also vary: in addition to the materials typically used in printed circuit boards it can be for instance polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or another plastic.
  • the radiating elements can be formed in the surface of the dielectric plate also in some other way than by etching, for instance by evaporation or by tooling the conductor surfaces of the printed circuit board: a conducting material can for instance be deposited on the surface of the plate by evaporation or by a screen printing method.
  • FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of a digital mobile communication means according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention.
  • the mobile communication means comprises a microphone 301, keyboard 307, display 306, earpiece 314, antenna duplexer or switch 308, and a control unit 305, which all are typical components of conventional mobile communication means.
  • the mobile communication means contains typical transmission and receiver blocks 304, 311.
  • Transmission block 304 comprises functionality necessary for speech and channel coding, encryption, and modulation, and the necessary RF circuitry for amplification of the signal for transmission.
  • Receiver block 311 comprises the necessary amplifier circuits and functionality necessary for demodulating and decryption of the signal, and removing channel and speech coding.
  • the signal produced by the microphone 301 is amplified in the amplifier stage 302 and converted to digital form in the A/D converter 303, whereafter the the signal is taken to the transmitter block 304.
  • the transmitter block encodes the digital signal and produces the modulated and amplified RF-signal, whereafter the RF signal is taken to the antenna 309 via the duplexer or switch 308.
  • the receiver block 311 demodulates the received signal and removes the encryption and channel coding.
  • the resulting speech signal is converted to analog form in the D/A converter 312, the output signal of which is amplified in the amplifier stage 313, whereafter the amplified signal is taken to the earpiece 314.
  • the control unit 305 controls the functions of the mobile communication means, reads the commands given by the user via the keypad 307 and displays messages to the user via the display 307.
  • the mobile communication means further comprises an antenna structure 309.
  • the antenna structure 309 preferably has a structure corresponding to some of the previously described inventive antenna structure or equivalent antenna structures.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP98660138A 1997-12-10 1998-12-10 Antenna Expired - Lifetime EP0923158B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI974481 1997-12-10
FI974481A FI112983B (fi) 1997-12-10 1997-12-10 Antenni

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0923158A2 EP0923158A2 (en) 1999-06-16
EP0923158A3 EP0923158A3 (en) 2000-10-11
EP0923158B1 true EP0923158B1 (en) 2004-06-02

Family

ID=8550101

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98660138A Expired - Lifetime EP0923158B1 (en) 1997-12-10 1998-12-10 Antenna

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0923158B1 (fi)
JP (2) JPH11243318A (fi)
DE (1) DE69824262T2 (fi)
FI (1) FI112983B (fi)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10030402B4 (de) * 1999-06-24 2008-05-15 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Nagaokakyo Oberflächenbefestigungsantenne und Kommunikationsvorrichtung unter Verwendung derselben
US8466756B2 (en) 2007-04-19 2013-06-18 Pulse Finland Oy Methods and apparatus for matching an antenna
US8473017B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2013-06-25 Pulse Finland Oy Adjustable antenna and methods
US8564485B2 (en) 2005-07-25 2013-10-22 Pulse Finland Oy Adjustable multiband antenna and methods
US8618990B2 (en) 2011-04-13 2013-12-31 Pulse Finland Oy Wideband antenna and methods
US8629813B2 (en) 2007-08-30 2014-01-14 Pusle Finland Oy Adjustable multi-band antenna and methods
US8648752B2 (en) 2011-02-11 2014-02-11 Pulse Finland Oy Chassis-excited antenna apparatus and methods
US8786499B2 (en) 2005-10-03 2014-07-22 Pulse Finland Oy Multiband antenna system and methods
US8847833B2 (en) 2009-12-29 2014-09-30 Pulse Finland Oy Loop resonator apparatus and methods for enhanced field control
US8866689B2 (en) 2011-07-07 2014-10-21 Pulse Finland Oy Multi-band antenna and methods for long term evolution wireless system
US8988296B2 (en) 2012-04-04 2015-03-24 Pulse Finland Oy Compact polarized antenna and methods
US9123990B2 (en) 2011-10-07 2015-09-01 Pulse Finland Oy Multi-feed antenna apparatus and methods
US9203154B2 (en) 2011-01-25 2015-12-01 Pulse Finland Oy Multi-resonance antenna, antenna module, radio device and methods
US9246210B2 (en) 2010-02-18 2016-01-26 Pulse Finland Oy Antenna with cover radiator and methods
US9350081B2 (en) 2014-01-14 2016-05-24 Pulse Finland Oy Switchable multi-radiator high band antenna apparatus
US9406998B2 (en) 2010-04-21 2016-08-02 Pulse Finland Oy Distributed multiband antenna and methods
US9450291B2 (en) 2011-07-25 2016-09-20 Pulse Finland Oy Multiband slot loop antenna apparatus and methods
US9461371B2 (en) 2009-11-27 2016-10-04 Pulse Finland Oy MIMO antenna and methods
US9484619B2 (en) 2011-12-21 2016-11-01 Pulse Finland Oy Switchable diversity antenna apparatus and methods
US9531058B2 (en) 2011-12-20 2016-12-27 Pulse Finland Oy Loosely-coupled radio antenna apparatus and methods
US9590308B2 (en) 2013-12-03 2017-03-07 Pulse Electronics, Inc. Reduced surface area antenna apparatus and mobile communications devices incorporating the same

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US6204826B1 (en) 1999-07-22 2001-03-20 Ericsson Inc. Flat dual frequency band antennas for wireless communicators
JP3503556B2 (ja) * 2000-02-04 2004-03-08 株式会社村田製作所 表面実装型アンテナおよびそのアンテナを装備した通信装置
SE518813C2 (sv) 2000-04-18 2002-11-26 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Flerbandsantenn och portabel telekommunikationsapparat innefattande en sådan antenn
EP1354373B1 (en) 2001-01-24 2005-03-16 Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) A multi-band antenna for use in a portable telecommunication apparatus
GB2377082A (en) * 2001-06-29 2002-12-31 Nokia Corp Two element antenna system
EP1309103A1 (en) 2001-10-31 2003-05-07 Nokia Corporation Antenna system for GSM/WLAN radio operation
JP2003198410A (ja) * 2001-12-27 2003-07-11 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 通信端末装置用アンテナ
KR20030063752A (ko) * 2002-01-23 2003-07-31 김봉용 평면형 안테나
KR100513314B1 (ko) * 2002-06-05 2005-09-09 삼성전기주식회사 무급전 소자를 구비한 칩 안테나
FI116332B (fi) 2002-12-16 2005-10-31 Lk Products Oy Litteän radiolaitteen antenni
FI113586B (fi) 2003-01-15 2004-05-14 Filtronic Lk Oy Sisäinen monikaista-antenni
FI115262B (fi) 2003-01-15 2005-03-31 Filtronic Lk Oy Monikaista-antenni
FI113587B (fi) 2003-01-15 2004-05-14 Filtronic Lk Oy Tasoantennirakenne ja radiolaite
FI116334B (fi) 2003-01-15 2005-10-31 Lk Products Oy Antennielementti
US6914567B2 (en) * 2003-02-14 2005-07-05 Centurion Wireless Technologies, Inc. Broadband combination meanderline and patch antenna
US7800554B2 (en) * 2008-06-26 2010-09-21 Erchonia Corporation Varying angle antenna for electromagnetic radiation dissipation device
KR100616545B1 (ko) * 2004-05-04 2006-08-29 삼성전기주식회사 이중 커플링 급전을 이용한 다중밴드용 적층형 칩 안테나
KR100595679B1 (ko) 2004-10-15 2006-07-03 엘지전자 주식회사 이동 통신 단말기의 광대역 안테나
US7728785B2 (en) 2006-02-07 2010-06-01 Nokia Corporation Loop antenna with a parasitic radiator
KR100844832B1 (ko) 2006-11-23 2008-07-08 엘지전자 주식회사 안테나 및 이를 포함하는 이동통신 단말기
US7642969B2 (en) 2006-04-06 2010-01-05 Lg Electronics Inc. Mobile communication terminal incorporating internal antenna
KR100826403B1 (ko) 2006-10-26 2008-05-02 삼성전기주식회사 광대역 안테나
US8704729B2 (en) 2008-06-26 2014-04-22 Kevin B Tucek Extended varying angle antenna for electromagnetic radiation dissipation device
FI20096134A0 (fi) 2009-11-03 2009-11-03 Pulse Finland Oy Säädettävä antenni
US9673507B2 (en) 2011-02-11 2017-06-06 Pulse Finland Oy Chassis-excited antenna apparatus and methods
US9979078B2 (en) 2012-10-25 2018-05-22 Pulse Finland Oy Modular cell antenna apparatus and methods
US10069209B2 (en) 2012-11-06 2018-09-04 Pulse Finland Oy Capacitively coupled antenna apparatus and methods
US10079428B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2018-09-18 Pulse Finland Oy Coupled antenna structure and methods
US9647338B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2017-05-09 Pulse Finland Oy Coupled antenna structure and methods
KR102116159B1 (ko) * 2013-04-01 2020-05-28 에이브이엑스 안테나 인코포레이티드 재구성 가능 다중 모드 능동 안테나 시스템
US9634383B2 (en) 2013-06-26 2017-04-25 Pulse Finland Oy Galvanically separated non-interacting antenna sector apparatus and methods
US9680212B2 (en) 2013-11-20 2017-06-13 Pulse Finland Oy Capacitive grounding methods and apparatus for mobile devices
US9973228B2 (en) 2014-08-26 2018-05-15 Pulse Finland Oy Antenna apparatus with an integrated proximity sensor and methods
US9948002B2 (en) 2014-08-26 2018-04-17 Pulse Finland Oy Antenna apparatus with an integrated proximity sensor and methods
US9722308B2 (en) 2014-08-28 2017-08-01 Pulse Finland Oy Low passive intermodulation distributed antenna system for multiple-input multiple-output systems and methods of use
FR3028355B1 (fr) * 2014-11-12 2018-02-02 Institut National Des Sciences Appliquees De Rennes Dispositif antenne compacte reconfigurable
US9906260B2 (en) 2015-07-30 2018-02-27 Pulse Finland Oy Sensor-based closed loop antenna swapping apparatus and methods

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US4860020A (en) * 1987-04-30 1989-08-22 The Aerospace Corporation Compact, wideband antenna system
AU708520B2 (en) * 1995-06-02 1999-08-05 Ericsson Inc. Printed monopole antenna
CN1150660C (zh) * 1995-06-02 2004-05-19 艾利森公司 多频带印制单极天线
DE69604583T2 (de) * 1995-06-02 2000-02-17 Ericsson Inc Gedruckte mehrband-monopolantenne

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10030402B4 (de) * 1999-06-24 2008-05-15 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Nagaokakyo Oberflächenbefestigungsantenne und Kommunikationsvorrichtung unter Verwendung derselben
US8564485B2 (en) 2005-07-25 2013-10-22 Pulse Finland Oy Adjustable multiband antenna and methods
US8786499B2 (en) 2005-10-03 2014-07-22 Pulse Finland Oy Multiband antenna system and methods
US8473017B2 (en) 2005-10-14 2013-06-25 Pulse Finland Oy Adjustable antenna and methods
US8466756B2 (en) 2007-04-19 2013-06-18 Pulse Finland Oy Methods and apparatus for matching an antenna
US8629813B2 (en) 2007-08-30 2014-01-14 Pusle Finland Oy Adjustable multi-band antenna and methods
US9461371B2 (en) 2009-11-27 2016-10-04 Pulse Finland Oy MIMO antenna and methods
US8847833B2 (en) 2009-12-29 2014-09-30 Pulse Finland Oy Loop resonator apparatus and methods for enhanced field control
US9246210B2 (en) 2010-02-18 2016-01-26 Pulse Finland Oy Antenna with cover radiator and methods
US9406998B2 (en) 2010-04-21 2016-08-02 Pulse Finland Oy Distributed multiband antenna and methods
US9203154B2 (en) 2011-01-25 2015-12-01 Pulse Finland Oy Multi-resonance antenna, antenna module, radio device and methods
US8648752B2 (en) 2011-02-11 2014-02-11 Pulse Finland Oy Chassis-excited antenna apparatus and methods
US8618990B2 (en) 2011-04-13 2013-12-31 Pulse Finland Oy Wideband antenna and methods
US8866689B2 (en) 2011-07-07 2014-10-21 Pulse Finland Oy Multi-band antenna and methods for long term evolution wireless system
US9450291B2 (en) 2011-07-25 2016-09-20 Pulse Finland Oy Multiband slot loop antenna apparatus and methods
US9123990B2 (en) 2011-10-07 2015-09-01 Pulse Finland Oy Multi-feed antenna apparatus and methods
US9531058B2 (en) 2011-12-20 2016-12-27 Pulse Finland Oy Loosely-coupled radio antenna apparatus and methods
US9484619B2 (en) 2011-12-21 2016-11-01 Pulse Finland Oy Switchable diversity antenna apparatus and methods
US8988296B2 (en) 2012-04-04 2015-03-24 Pulse Finland Oy Compact polarized antenna and methods
US9590308B2 (en) 2013-12-03 2017-03-07 Pulse Electronics, Inc. Reduced surface area antenna apparatus and mobile communications devices incorporating the same
US9350081B2 (en) 2014-01-14 2016-05-24 Pulse Finland Oy Switchable multi-radiator high band antenna apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69824262T2 (de) 2005-06-23
FI112983B (fi) 2004-02-13
JPH11243318A (ja) 1999-09-07
EP0923158A2 (en) 1999-06-16
FI974481A (fi) 1999-06-11
DE69824262D1 (de) 2004-07-08
EP0923158A3 (en) 2000-10-11
FI974481A0 (fi) 1997-12-10
JP2006136017A (ja) 2006-05-25

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