EP0911424A1 - Making of composite materials - Google Patents
Making of composite materials Download PDFInfo
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- EP0911424A1 EP0911424A1 EP98120103A EP98120103A EP0911424A1 EP 0911424 A1 EP0911424 A1 EP 0911424A1 EP 98120103 A EP98120103 A EP 98120103A EP 98120103 A EP98120103 A EP 98120103A EP 0911424 A1 EP0911424 A1 EP 0911424A1
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- Prior art keywords
- gas
- thermal spraying
- composite body
- base body
- composite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
- C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing composite bodies.
- Composite bodies are becoming increasingly important in industry. Especially composite bodies made of materials with different properties are interesting. Especially with these composite bodies, the material properties can be profitable be supplemented.
- the present invention is based on the object of a method for the production of composite bodies to show which is a simple way of manufacturing enables and / or which contributes significantly to the quality and the To improve properties of composite bodies and thus their area of application expanded.
- the object is achieved in that a basic body of a material is coated by thermal spraying, a powdery filler material by means of a gas onto the surface of the base body to be coated is directed.
- Thermal spraying for coating is known as autogenous as process variants Flame spraying or high-speed flame spraying, arc spraying, plasma spraying, detonation spraying and laser spraying.
- Thermal spray processes are essentially characterized in that they enable evenly applied coatings.
- Coatings can be applied by varying the spray materials can be adapted to different requirements.
- the spray materials can be processed in the form of wires, rods or as powder. With thermal In addition, thermal post-treatment can be provided for spraying.
- the powdered filler material is applied to the material to be coated Surface of the body passed without the powder particles of the Filler material are melted in the gas jet.
- the statement that the powder particles of the filler material did not melt in the gas jet in the context of the present invention should also mean that the particles in the gas jet are essentially not melted. This can thereby ensuring that the temperature of the gas jet is below the Melting point of the powder particles of the filler material. But even at temperatures of the gas jet from 100 K to 200 K above the melting point of the Powder particles of the filler material can be due to the extremely short residence time Particles in the gas jet melt or melt in the range of milliseconds the powder particles can be prevented.
- the importance of higher gas temperatures or the advantage of heating the gas is that in hotter gases the speed of sound is higher and therefore also the particle speed becomes comparatively larger.
- the cold gas process has compared to conventional thermal processes Spraying a number of advantages.
- the thermal action and force action The surface of the substrate material is reduced, causing unwanted changes the material properties of the substrate material prevented or at least can be significantly reduced. Likewise, changes in the Structure of the substrate material can be prevented.
- the one with the cold gas spraying process created layers have no or at least no pronounced texture, i.e. there is no preferred orientation of the individual grains or crystals.
- the substrate is also not heated by a flame or a plasma, so that none or only extremely minor changes to the base body and no distortion of workpieces due to thermal stress due to thermal spraying.
- Components such as a ceramic tube can be made with one layer Metals, metal alloys, hard materials, ceramics and / or plastics be coated in order to make the pipe gas-tight and / or vacuum-tight.
- Another possibility is an electrically and / or magnetically conductive Apply layer.
- components made of ceramic, Glass, plastic or composite material (e.g. CFRP) over the sprayed-on layer be made conductive.
- components can be reinforced and thereby get a higher mechanical Resilience.
- a thin component that consists of an expensive one Material exists and / or has material-specific physical properties, with an inexpensive spray material, for example a metal, a metal alloy and / or a ceramic.
- an inexpensive spray material for example a metal, a metal alloy and / or a ceramic.
- Base body can be used as the starting material. This basic body will then by spraying on different from the material of the base body Material on the inside and / or outside reinforced to the necessary thickness. It is also possible that the base body has a smaller thickness than that layer sprayed on by thermal spraying.
- a basic body can in particular by spraying on a layer or a coating by means of the Cold spray process will be reinforced.
- the gas for thermal spraying can be nitrogen, helium, Argon, neon, krypton, xenon, a gas containing hydrogen, a carbon-containing one Gas, especially carbon dioxide, oxygen, an oxygen-containing Contain gas, air, hydrogen or mixtures of the aforementioned gases.
- gases air and / or helium known from EP 0 484 533 B1 are suitable nitrogen, argon, also for the gas carrying the powdered filler material, Neon, krypton, xenon, oxygen, a gas containing hydrogen, a carbon-containing one Gas, especially carbon dioxide, hydrogen or mixtures of the above Gases and mixtures of these gases with helium.
- the share of helium in Total gas can be up to 90% by volume.
- a helium content of 10 is preferred up to 50 vol .-% in the gas mixture.
- the so produced Layers adhere very well to a wide variety of substrate materials, for example on metal, metal alloys, ceramics including glass, plastics and composite materials.
- the coatings produced using the method according to the invention are of high quality, have an extremely low porosity and have extremely smooth spray surfaces, so that there is usually a rework superfluous.
- the gases used according to the invention have a sufficient density and speed of sound to achieve the high speeds required To be able to guarantee powder particles for cold gas spraying.
- the gas can contain inert and / or reactive gases. With the gases mentioned is the manufacture of very dense and particularly uniform coatings possible, which also characterized by their hardness and strength.
- the layers point extremely low oxide levels.
- the gas jet can be heated to a temperature in the range between 30 and 800 ° C are, all known powdery spray materials are used can.
- the invention is particularly suitable for wettable powders made of metals, metal alloys, Hard materials, ceramics and / or plastics.
- the temperature of the gas jet selected between 300 and 500 ° C.
- These gas temperatures are particularly suitable for the use of reactive gases or reactive Gas components.
- reactive gas or gas components are in particular Hydrogen admixtures, carbon-containing gases or nitrogenous gases mention.
- a gas jet with a pressure of 5 to 50 bar used. Above all, working with higher gas pressures brings additional Advantages because the energy transfer in the form of kinetic energy is increased. It gas pressures in the range from 21 to 50 bar are particularly suitable. Outstanding Spray results were achieved, for example, with gas pressures of around 35 bar.
- the High pressure gas supply can, for example, by the in the German patent application DE 197 16 414.5 described method or the one described there Gas supply system can be ensured.
- the powder particles can run at one speed can be accelerated from 300 to 1600 m / s. Suitable in the process according to the invention speeds of the powder particles between 1000 and 1600 m / s, particularly preferably between 1250 and 1600 m / s, since in this case the Energy transfer in the form of kinetic energy is particularly high.
- the powders used in the process according to the invention preferably have Particle sizes from 1 to 100 ⁇ m.
- a ceramic tube 1 is shown in FIG. 1 in FIG. Gas-tight around the ceramic tube 1 and to get vacuum-tight, it was - as shown in picture B - by means of thermal Spraying using the cold gas spraying method covered with a layer 2 of metal.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verbundkörpern.The invention relates to a method for producing composite bodies.
Verbundkörper gewinnen in der Industrie zunehmend an Bedeutung. Insbesondere sind dabei Verbundkörper aus Werkstoffen mit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften interessant. Gerade bei diesen Verbundkörpern können die Materialeigenschaften mit Gewinn ergänzt werden.Composite bodies are becoming increasingly important in industry. Especially composite bodies made of materials with different properties are interesting. Especially with these composite bodies, the material properties can be profitable be supplemented.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verbundkörpern aufzuzeigen, welches eine einfache Art und Weise der Herstellung ermöglicht und/oder welches wesentlich dazu beiträgt, die Qualität und die Eigenschaften von Verbundkörpern zu verbessern und damit ihren Einsatzbereich erweitert.The present invention is based on the object of a method for the production of composite bodies to show which is a simple way of manufacturing enables and / or which contributes significantly to the quality and the To improve properties of composite bodies and thus their area of application expanded.
Die gestellte Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß ein Grundkörper eines Werkstoffes durch thermisches Spritzen beschichtet wird, wobei ein pulverförmiger Zusatzwerkstoff mittels eines Gases auf die zu beschichtende Oberfläche des Grundkörpers geleitet wird.The object is achieved in that a basic body of a material is coated by thermal spraying, a powdery filler material by means of a gas onto the surface of the base body to be coated is directed.
Das thermische Spritzen zum Beschichten kennt als Verfahrensvarianten das autogene Flammspritzen oder das Hochgeschwindigkeits-Flammspritzen, das Lichtbogenspritzen, das Plasmaspritzen, das Detonationsspritzen und das Laserspritzen.Thermal spraying for coating is known as autogenous as process variants Flame spraying or high-speed flame spraying, arc spraying, plasma spraying, detonation spraying and laser spraying.
Thermische Spritzverfahren werden in allgemeiner Form beispielsweise in
- Übersicht und Einführung in das "Thermische Spritzen", Peter Heinrich,
Linde-Berichte aus Technik und Wissenschaft, 52/1982, Seiten 29 bis 37,
oder - Thermisches Spritzen - Fakten und Stand der Technik, Peter Heinrich,
Jahrbuch Oberflächentechnik 1992, Band 48, 1991, Seiten 304 bis 327,
Metall-Verlag GmbH,
beschrieben.
- Overview and introduction to "thermal spraying", Peter Heinrich, Linde reports from technology and science, 52/1982, pages 29 to 37,
or - Thermal spraying - facts and state of the art , Peter Heinrich, yearbook surface technology 1992, volume 48, 1991, pages 304 to 327, Metall-Verlag GmbH,
described.
Thermische Spritzverfahren zeichnen sich im wesentlichen dadurch aus, daß sie gleichmäßig aufgetragene Beschichtungen ermöglichen. Durch thermische Spritzverfahren aufgetragene Beschichtungen können durch Variation der Spritzmaterialien an unterschiedliche Anforderungen angepaßt werden. Die Spritzmaterialien können dabei in Form von Drähten, Stäben oder als Pulver verarbeitet werden. Beim thermischen Spritzen kann zusätzlich eine thermische Nachbehandlung vorgesehen sein.Thermal spray processes are essentially characterized in that they enable evenly applied coatings. By thermal spraying Coatings can be applied by varying the spray materials can be adapted to different requirements. The spray materials can can be processed in the form of wires, rods or as powder. With thermal In addition, thermal post-treatment can be provided for spraying.
In Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird der pulverförmige Zusatzwerkstoff auf die zu beschichtende Oberfläche des Grundkörpers geleitet, ohne daß die Pulverpartikel des Zusatzwerkstoffes im Gasstrahl geschmolzen werden.In an embodiment of the invention, the powdered filler material is applied to the material to be coated Surface of the body passed without the powder particles of the Filler material are melted in the gas jet.
In jüngerer Zeit wurde darüber hinaus ein weiteres thermisches Spritzverfahren entwickelt, welches auch als Kaltgasspritzen bezeichnet wird. Es handelt sich dabei um eine Art Weiterentwicklung des Hochgeschwindigkeits-Flammspritzens mit Pulver. Dieses Verfahren ist beispielsweise in der europäischen Patentschrift EP 0 484 533 B1 beschrieben. Beim Kaltgasspritzen kommt ein Zusatzwerkstoff in Pulverform zum Einsatz. Die Pulverpartikel werden beim Kaltgasspritzen jedoch nicht im Gasstrahl geschmolzen. Vielmehr liegt die Temperatur des Gasstrahles unterhalb des Schmelzpunktes der Pulverpartikel des Zusatzwerkstoffes (EP 0 484 533 B1) oder aber nur in geringem Maße oberhalb der Schmelztemperatur des Pulvers. Im Kaltgasspritzverfahren wird also ein im Vergleich zu den herkömmlichen Spritzverfahren "kaltes" bzw. ein vergleichsweise kälteres Gas verwendet. Gleichwohl wird das Gas aber ebenso wie in den herkömmlichen Verfahren erwärmt, aber lediglich auf Temperaturen unterhalb des Schmelzpunktes der Pulverpartikel des Zusatzwerkstoffes oder auf Temperaturen des Gasstrahles von 100 K bis zu 200 K oberhalb des Schmelzpunktes der Pulverpartikel des Zusatzwerkstoffes.Recently, another thermal spraying process has also been developed which is also known as cold gas spraying. It is about a kind of further development of high-speed flame spraying with powder. This method is described, for example, in European patent EP 0 484 533 B1 described. A filler material in powder form is used for cold gas spraying Commitment. However, the powder particles are not melted in a gas jet during cold gas spraying. Rather, the temperature of the gas jet is below the melting point the powder particles of the filler material (EP 0 484 533 B1) or only in slightly above the melting temperature of the powder. In the cold gas spray process becomes a "cold" or a compared to the conventional spraying process comparatively colder gas used. Nevertheless, the gas is just as in heated up to conventional methods, but only to temperatures below the melting point of the powder particles of the filler or at temperatures of the gas jet from 100 K to 200 K above the melting point of the powder particles of the filler material.
Die Angabe, daß die Pulverpartikel des Zusatzwerkstoffes im Gasstrahl nicht geschmolzen werden, soll im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung auch bedeuten, daß die Partikel im Gasstrahl im wesentlichen nicht angeschmolzen werden. Dies kann dadurch sichergestellt werden, daß die Temperatur des Gasstrahles unterhalb des Schmelzpunktes der Pulverpartikel des Zusatzwerkstoffes liegt. Aber selbst bei Temperaturen des Gasstrahles von 100 K bis zu 200 K oberhalb des Schmelzpunktes der Pulverpartikel des Zusatzwerkstoffes kann aufgrund der extrem kurzen Verweilzeit der Partikel im Gasstrahl im Bereich von Millisekunden ein Schmelzen oder auch ein Anschmelzen der Pulverpartikel verhindert werden. Die Bedeutung der höheren Gastemperaturen bzw. der Vorteil der Erwärmung des Gases liegt darin, daß in heißeren Gasen die Schallgeschwindigkeit höher ist und dadurch auch die Partikelgeschwindigkeit vergleichsweise größer wird.The statement that the powder particles of the filler material did not melt in the gas jet in the context of the present invention should also mean that the particles in the gas jet are essentially not melted. This can thereby ensuring that the temperature of the gas jet is below the Melting point of the powder particles of the filler material. But even at temperatures of the gas jet from 100 K to 200 K above the melting point of the Powder particles of the filler material can be due to the extremely short residence time Particles in the gas jet melt or melt in the range of milliseconds the powder particles can be prevented. The importance of higher gas temperatures or the advantage of heating the gas is that in hotter gases the speed of sound is higher and therefore also the particle speed becomes comparatively larger.
Das Kaltgasverfahren besitzt gegenüber herkömmlichen Verfahren des thermischen Spritzens eine Reihe von Vorteilen. Die thermische Einwirkung und Kraftwirkung auf die Oberfläche des Substratwerkstoffes ist verringert, wodurch ungewollte Veränderungen der Materialeigenschaften des Substratwerkstoffes verhindert oder zumindest merklich verringert werden können. Ebenso können weitgehend Änderungen in der Struktur des Substratwerkstoffs unterbunden werden. Die mit dem Kaltgasspritzverfahren erzeugten Schichten besitzen keine oder zumindest keine ausgeprägte Textur, d.h. es gibt keine Vorzugsorientierung der einzelnen Körner oder Kristalle. Das Substrat wird ferner nicht durch eine Flamme oder ein Plasma erwärmt, so daß keine oder nur extrem geringe Veränderungen am Grundkörper und auch kein Verzug von Werkstücken durch Wärmespannungen infolge des thermischen Spritzens auftreten.The cold gas process has compared to conventional thermal processes Spraying a number of advantages. The thermal action and force action The surface of the substrate material is reduced, causing unwanted changes the material properties of the substrate material prevented or at least can be significantly reduced. Likewise, changes in the Structure of the substrate material can be prevented. The one with the cold gas spraying process created layers have no or at least no pronounced texture, i.e. there is no preferred orientation of the individual grains or crystals. The substrate is also not heated by a flame or a plasma, so that none or only extremely minor changes to the base body and no distortion of workpieces due to thermal stress due to thermal spraying.
Es hat sich gezeigt, daß die zahlreichen verfahrenstechnischen Möglichkeiten des thermischen Spritzens nach dem Kaltgasverfahren für die Herstellung von Verbundkörpern genutzt werden können. Durch die Möglichkeiten der Verwendung unterschiedliche Pulvermaterialien und Pulvermischungen eröffnet sich eine breite Palette für die Zusammensetzung von Verbundkörpern. Es lassen sich Verbundkörper für die unterschiedlichsten Anforderungen auf einfache Art und Weise herstellen.It has been shown that the numerous procedural possibilities of Thermal spraying using the cold gas process for the production of composite bodies can be used. Due to the possibilities of using different Powder materials and powder mixtures open up a wide range for the composition of composite bodies. There can be composite bodies for the Manufacture different requirements in a simple way.
So können Bauteile wie beispielsweise ein Keramikrohr mit einer Schicht aus Metallen, Metallegierungen, Hartstoffen, Keramiken und/oder Kunststoffen beschichtet werden, um das Rohr gasdicht und/oder vakuumdicht zu bekommen.Components such as a ceramic tube can be made with one layer Metals, metal alloys, hard materials, ceramics and / or plastics be coated in order to make the pipe gas-tight and / or vacuum-tight.
Eine andere Möglichkeit besteht darin, eine elektrisch und/oder magnetisch leitfähige Schicht aufzutragen. Auf diese Weise können beispielsweise Bauteile aus Keramik, Glas, Kunststoff oder Verbundwerkstoff (z.B. CFK) über die aufgespritzte Schicht leitfähig gemacht werden. Another possibility is an electrically and / or magnetically conductive Apply layer. In this way, components made of ceramic, Glass, plastic or composite material (e.g. CFRP) over the sprayed-on layer be made conductive.
Ferner können Bauteile verstärkt werden und erhalten dadurch eine höhere mechanische Belastbarkeit. Beispielsweise kann ein dünnes Bauteil, das aus einem teuren Werkstoff besteht und/oder materialspezifische physikalische Eigenschaften aufweist, mit einem kostengünstigen Spritzmaterial, beispielsweise einem Metall, einer Metalllegierung und/oder einer Keramik, beschichtet werden. Dabei können relativ dünne Grundkörper als Ausgangsmaterial verwendet werden. Dieser Grundkörper wird anschließend durch Aufspritzen von zum Werkstoff des Grundkörpers unterschiedlichem Material auf der Innen- und/oder der Außenseite auf die notwendige Dicke verstärkt. Es ist auch möglich, daß der Grundkörper eine geringere Dicke aufweist als die durch thermisches Spritzen aufgespritzte Schicht. Ein Grundkörper kann insbesondere durch Aufspritzen einer Schicht oder eines Überzugs mittels des Kaltspritzverfahrens verstärkt werden.Furthermore, components can be reinforced and thereby get a higher mechanical Resilience. For example, a thin component that consists of an expensive one Material exists and / or has material-specific physical properties, with an inexpensive spray material, for example a metal, a metal alloy and / or a ceramic. It can be relatively thin Base body can be used as the starting material. This basic body will then by spraying on different from the material of the base body Material on the inside and / or outside reinforced to the necessary thickness. It is also possible that the base body has a smaller thickness than that layer sprayed on by thermal spraying. A basic body can in particular by spraying on a layer or a coating by means of the Cold spray process will be reinforced.
Erfindungsgemäß kann das Gas für das thermische Spritzen Stickstoff, Helium, Argon, Neon, Krypton, Xenon, ein Wasserstoff enthaltendes Gas, ein kohlenstoffhaltiges Gas, insbesondere Kohlendioxid, Sauerstoff, ein Sauerstoff enthaltendes Gas, Luft, Wasserstoff oder Mischungen der vorgenannten Gase enthalten. Neben den aus der EP 0 484 533 B1 bekannten Gasen Luft und/oder Helium eignen sich auch für das den pulverförmigen Zusatzwerkstoff tragende Gas ein Stickstoff, Argon, Neon, Krypton, Xenon, Sauerstoff, ein Wasserstoff enthaltendes Gas, ein kohlenstoffhaltiges Gas, insbesondere Kohlendioxid, Wasserstoff oder Mischungen der vorgenannten Gase und Mischungen dieser Gase mit Helium. Der Anteil des Helium am Gesamtgas kann bis zu 90 Vol.-% betragen. Bevorzugt wird ein Heliumanteil von 10 bis 50 Vol.-% im Gasgemisch eingehalten.According to the invention, the gas for thermal spraying can be nitrogen, helium, Argon, neon, krypton, xenon, a gas containing hydrogen, a carbon-containing one Gas, especially carbon dioxide, oxygen, an oxygen-containing Contain gas, air, hydrogen or mixtures of the aforementioned gases. Next The gases air and / or helium known from EP 0 484 533 B1 are suitable nitrogen, argon, also for the gas carrying the powdered filler material, Neon, krypton, xenon, oxygen, a gas containing hydrogen, a carbon-containing one Gas, especially carbon dioxide, hydrogen or mixtures of the above Gases and mixtures of these gases with helium. The share of helium in Total gas can be up to 90% by volume. A helium content of 10 is preferred up to 50 vol .-% in the gas mixture.
Es hat sich gezeigt, daß durch den Einsatz von unterschiedlichen Gasen zum Beschleunigen und Tragen des pulverförmigen Zusatzwerkstoffes die Flexibilität und Wirksamkeit des Verfahrens wesentlich vergrößert werden kann. Die so hergestellten Schichten haften sehr gut auf den verschiedensten Substratwerkstoffen, beispielsweise auf Metall, Metallegierungen, Keramik einschließlich Glas, Kunststoffe und Verbundwerkstoffe. Die mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Beschichtungen sind von hoher Güte, weisen eine außerordentlich geringe Porosität auf und besitzen extrem glatte Spritzoberflächen, so daß sich in der Regel eine Nacharbeitung erübrigt. Die erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Gase besitzen eine ausreichende Dichte und Schallgeschwindigkeit, um die erforderlichen hohen Geschwindigkeiten der Pulverpartikel für das Kaltgasspritzen gewährleisten zu können. Das Gas kann dabei inerte und/oder reaktive Gase enthalten. Mit den genannten Gasen ist die Herstellung von sehr dichten und besonders gleichmäßigen Beschichtungen möglich, welche sich außerdem durch ihre Härte und Festigkeit auszeichnen. Die Schichten weisen extrem geringe Oxidgehalte auf.It has been shown that by using different gases to accelerate and carrying the powdered filler the flexibility and Effectiveness of the process can be increased significantly. The so produced Layers adhere very well to a wide variety of substrate materials, for example on metal, metal alloys, ceramics including glass, plastics and composite materials. The coatings produced using the method according to the invention are of high quality, have an extremely low porosity and have extremely smooth spray surfaces, so that there is usually a rework superfluous. The gases used according to the invention have a sufficient density and speed of sound to achieve the high speeds required To be able to guarantee powder particles for cold gas spraying. The gas can contain inert and / or reactive gases. With the gases mentioned is the manufacture of very dense and particularly uniform coatings possible, which also characterized by their hardness and strength. The layers point extremely low oxide levels.
Der Gasstrahl kann auf eine Temperatur im Bereich zwischen 30 und 800°C erwärmt werden, wobei alle bekannten pulverförmigen Spritzmaterialien eingesetzt werden können. Die Erfindung eignet sich insbesondere für Spritzpulver aus Metallen, Metalllegierungen, Hartstoffen, Keramiken und/oder Kunststoffen.The gas jet can be heated to a temperature in the range between 30 and 800 ° C are, all known powdery spray materials are used can. The invention is particularly suitable for wettable powders made of metals, metal alloys, Hard materials, ceramics and / or plastics.
In Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird die Temperatur des Gasstrahles im Bereich zwischen 300 und 500 °C gewählt. Diese Gastemperaturen eignen sich insbesondere für den Einsatz von reaktiven Gasen oder reaktiven Gasbestandteilen. Als reaktive Gas oder Gasbestandteile sind insbesondere Wasserstoffzumischungen, kohlenstoffhaltige Gase oder stickstoffhaltige Gase zu erwähnen.In an embodiment of the method according to the invention, the temperature of the gas jet selected between 300 and 500 ° C. These gas temperatures are particularly suitable for the use of reactive gases or reactive Gas components. As reactive gas or gas components are in particular Hydrogen admixtures, carbon-containing gases or nitrogenous gases mention.
In Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird ein Gasstrahl mit einem Druck von 5 bis 50 bar eingesetzt. Vor allem das Arbeiten mit höheren Gasdrücken bringt zusätzliche Vorteile, da die Energieübertragung in Form von kinetischer Energie erhöht wird. Es eignen sich insbesondere Gasdrücke im Bereich von 21 bis 50 bar. Hervorragende Spritzergebnisse wurden beispielsweise mit Gasdrücken von etwa 35 bar erzielt. Die Hochdruckgasversorgung kann beispielsweise durch das in der deutschen Patentanmeldung DE 197 16 414.5 beschriebene Verfahren bzw. die dort beschriebene Gasversorgungsanlage sichergestellt werden.In a development of the invention, a gas jet with a pressure of 5 to 50 bar used. Above all, working with higher gas pressures brings additional Advantages because the energy transfer in the form of kinetic energy is increased. It gas pressures in the range from 21 to 50 bar are particularly suitable. Outstanding Spray results were achieved, for example, with gas pressures of around 35 bar. The High pressure gas supply can, for example, by the in the German patent application DE 197 16 414.5 described method or the one described there Gas supply system can be ensured.
Im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren können die Pulverpartikel auf eine Geschwindigkeit von 300 bis 1600 m/s beschleunigt werden. Im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eignen sich dabei insbesondere Geschwindigkeiten der Pulverpartikel zwischen 1000 und 1600 m/s, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 1250 und 1600 m/s, da in diesem Fall die Energieübertragung in Form von kinetischer Energie besonders hoch ausfällt. In the process according to the invention, the powder particles can run at one speed can be accelerated from 300 to 1600 m / s. Suitable in the process according to the invention speeds of the powder particles between 1000 and 1600 m / s, particularly preferably between 1250 and 1600 m / s, since in this case the Energy transfer in the form of kinetic energy is particularly high.
Die im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzten Pulver besitzen bevorzugt Partikelgrößen von 1 bis 100 µm.The powders used in the process according to the invention preferably have Particle sizes from 1 to 100 µm.
Zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens können alle geeigneten Vorrichtungen eingesetzt werden, insbesondere gilt dies für die in der EP 0 484 533 B1 beschriebene Vorrichtung.All suitable devices can be used to carry out the method according to the invention are used, in particular this applies to those in EP 0 484 533 B1 described device.
Besondere Vorteile bringen folgende nach der Erfindung hergestellte Verbundkörper mit sich:
- aufgrund der Spritzschicht gasdichte und/oder vakuumdichte Verbundkörper,
- Verbundkörper mit elektrisch und/oder magnetisch leitfähiger Spritzschicht und
- Verbundkörper, deren Grundkörper durch die Spritzschicht verstärkt ist und die eine gewünschte mechanische Belastbarkeit aufweisen.
- due to the spray layer gas-tight and / or vacuum-tight composite body,
- Composite body with electrically and / or magnetically conductive spray layer and
- Composite body, the base body of which is reinforced by the spray layer and which have the desired mechanical strength.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert.The invention is described below with reference to one in the drawing Embodiment explained in more detail.
Hierbei zeigt:
Figur 1- ein erfindunsgemäßen Verbundkörper aus Grundkörper und Schicht.
- Figure 1
- a composite body according to the invention of base body and layer.
In Figur 1 ist im Bild A ein Keramikrohr 1 dargestellt. Um das Keramikrohr 1 gasdicht
und vakuumdicht zu bekommen, wurde es - wie in Bild B gezeigt - mittels thermischen
Spritzens nach dem Kaltgasspritzverfahren mit einer Schicht 2 aus Metall überzogen.A
Claims (10)
daß ein Grundkörper (1) eines Werkstoffes durch thermisches Spritzen beschichtet (2) wird, wobei ein pulverförmiger Zusatzwerkstoff mittels eines Gases auf die zu beschichtende Oberfläche des Grundkörpers (1) geleitet wird.Method for producing composite bodies (1, 2) from at least two different materials, characterized in that
that a base body (1) of a material is coated (2) by thermal spraying, a powdery filler material being passed by means of a gas onto the surface of the base body (1) to be coated.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Verbundkörper zumindest einen Grundkörper (1) aus einem Werkstoff und eine Spritzschicht (2) aus einem anderen Werkstoff umfaßt. Composite body (1, 2) made of at least two different materials,
characterized in that the composite body comprises at least one base body (1) made of one material and a spray layer (2) made of another material.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19747384 | 1997-10-27 | ||
DE19747384A DE19747384A1 (en) | 1997-10-27 | 1997-10-27 | Manufacture of composite bodies |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0911424A1 true EP0911424A1 (en) | 1999-04-28 |
EP0911424B1 EP0911424B1 (en) | 2004-08-18 |
Family
ID=7846741
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98120103A Expired - Lifetime EP0911424B1 (en) | 1997-10-27 | 1998-10-23 | Making of self-supporting composite materials |
Country Status (2)
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EP (1) | EP0911424B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE19747384A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001042525A2 (en) * | 1999-12-09 | 2001-06-14 | Dacs | Method for providing a plastic coating by means of spraying, device used for said method and use of the layer thereby produced |
EP0911426B1 (en) * | 1997-10-27 | 2002-12-18 | Linde AG | Production of mouldings |
EP0911425B1 (en) * | 1997-10-27 | 2003-01-22 | Linde AG | Method for thermally coating surfaces |
WO2008125354A2 (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2008-10-23 | Innovaris Gmbh & Co. Kg | Production of large components by kinetic cold gas compacting material particles |
WO2011039003A1 (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2011-04-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Transformer core |
DE102012020814A1 (en) | 2012-10-23 | 2014-04-24 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Applying welding-rod materials on workpiece, comprise accelerating welding-rod materials into gas jet in powder form, where welding-rod materials in gas jet are not melted and remains in solid state, and striking materials on surface |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102008001468B4 (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2013-09-19 | Airbus Operations Gmbh | A method of coating a fiber composite component for an aerospace vehicle and fiber composite component produced by such a method |
DE202020106328U1 (en) | 2019-11-08 | 2021-02-10 | Additive Space Gmbh | container |
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WO1995007768A1 (en) * | 1993-09-15 | 1995-03-23 | Societe Europeenne De Propulsion | Method for the production of composite materials or coatings and system for implementing it |
DE19520885C1 (en) * | 1995-06-08 | 1996-05-23 | Daimler Benz Ag | Thermally spraying metal (alloy) layer onto substrate |
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DE3806177A1 (en) * | 1988-02-26 | 1989-09-07 | Siemens Ag | Method for applying layers of high-temperature superconducting material to substrates |
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DE19747386A1 (en) * | 1997-10-27 | 1999-04-29 | Linde Ag | Process for the thermal coating of substrate materials |
DE19747385A1 (en) * | 1997-10-27 | 1999-04-29 | Linde Ag | Manufacture of molded parts |
-
1997
- 1997-10-27 DE DE19747384A patent/DE19747384A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-10-23 EP EP98120103A patent/EP0911424B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-23 DE DE59811831T patent/DE59811831D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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CH658045A5 (en) * | 1982-05-12 | 1986-10-15 | Castolin Sa | Process for the production of glass moulds for machines for the production of hollow glass |
EP0484533A1 (en) * | 1990-05-19 | 1992-05-13 | Anatoly Nikiforovich Papyrin | Method and device for coating |
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0911426B1 (en) * | 1997-10-27 | 2002-12-18 | Linde AG | Production of mouldings |
EP0911425B1 (en) * | 1997-10-27 | 2003-01-22 | Linde AG | Method for thermally coating surfaces |
WO2001042525A2 (en) * | 1999-12-09 | 2001-06-14 | Dacs | Method for providing a plastic coating by means of spraying, device used for said method and use of the layer thereby produced |
WO2001042525A3 (en) * | 1999-12-09 | 2002-02-14 | Dacs | Method for providing a plastic coating by means of spraying, device used for said method and use of the layer thereby produced |
WO2008125354A2 (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2008-10-23 | Innovaris Gmbh & Co. Kg | Production of large components by kinetic cold gas compacting material particles |
WO2008125354A3 (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2009-04-30 | Innovaris Gmbh & Co Kg | Production of large components by kinetic cold gas compacting material particles |
WO2011039003A1 (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2011-04-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Transformer core |
CN102549681A (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2012-07-04 | 西门子公司 | Transformer core |
DE102012020814A1 (en) | 2012-10-23 | 2014-04-24 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Applying welding-rod materials on workpiece, comprise accelerating welding-rod materials into gas jet in powder form, where welding-rod materials in gas jet are not melted and remains in solid state, and striking materials on surface |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19747384A1 (en) | 1999-04-29 |
DE59811831D1 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
EP0911424B1 (en) | 2004-08-18 |
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