EP0884123B1 - Foamable metal body - Google Patents
Foamable metal body Download PDFInfo
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- EP0884123B1 EP0884123B1 EP98109728A EP98109728A EP0884123B1 EP 0884123 B1 EP0884123 B1 EP 0884123B1 EP 98109728 A EP98109728 A EP 98109728A EP 98109728 A EP98109728 A EP 98109728A EP 0884123 B1 EP0884123 B1 EP 0884123B1
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- Prior art keywords
- metal
- gas
- blowing agent
- metal powder
- compacted
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
- B22F3/1121—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
- B22F3/1125—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers involving a foaming process
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for manufacturing foamable metal body, the compact semi-finished product available in this way, the use of the semi-finished product for foaming a closed cell Metal body and the closed-cell cells thus obtained foam-shaped metal body.
- EP-B-0 460 392 describes a process for the production foamable metal body with mostly closed porosity, the resulting pores evenly throughout the metal body distributed and should have a uniform size, in which a mixture of at least one metal powder and at least one gas-releasing blowing agent powder and compacted into a semi-finished product.
- the one described here The method is characterized in that the hot compaction at a temperature above the decomposition temperature of the blowing agent takes place, the connection of the Metal powder particles are predominantly made by diffusion and at a pressure high enough to disintegrate the Prevent blowing agent so that the metal particles themselves in a fixed connection with each other and one represent gas-tight seal for the gas particles of the blowing agent.
- DE-C-41 24 591 describes a process for the production foamable metal body by rolling a powder mixture, at which contains the powder mixture of at least one blowing agent Powder and a metal powder, in which the powder mixture is filled into a metal hollow profile and rolled.
- the Cold pressing bodies obtainable according to this publication cannot only be heated before the rolling process, but also after individual roll passes are reheated. Here too the Cold pressed body to a temperature above the decomposition temperature of the blowing agent heated.
- DE-A-44 26 627 relates to a metallic composite material and a process for its manufacture.
- the metallic Composite material with a core of one or more porous Metal materials and at least one top layer made of solid Material points between the core and the top layer / top layers metallic bonds.
- the object of the present invention is on the one hand improved process for the production of foamable metal bodies and secondly in an improvement in technical Properties of the semi-finished products as well as the closed-cell ones foam-shaped metal body compared to the prior art.
- the first-mentioned object of the present invention is achieved by a process for producing foamable metal bodies, in which a mixture of at least one metal powder and one gas-releasing blowing agent produced and a semi-finished product is compacted.
- the method is characterized in that a gas-releasing blowing agent containing magnesium hydride starts.
- the chemical compound "magnesium hydride” has long been State of the art. It was used as a foaming agent for rubber materials in the US-A-3 114 724. However, in the area of manufacturing foamable metal body previously other gas-releasing blowing agents, for example titanium hydride, carbonates, hydrates or easily evaporating substances used. Meanwhile, however Magnesium hydride is no longer just a laboratory product, but also commercially available on a larger scale. A core of the present The invention thus consists of magnesium hydride to supply new use for the production of foamable metal bodies. For example, metal powder is applied thorough mixing with a small amount of magnesium hydride containing blowing agent and compacted the thus obtained Mixture, so it is possible to manufacture compacts to obtain foam-shaped metal bodies. The so available Foam-shaped metal bodies have a very homogeneous pore density distribution down to the surface areas of the molded body on which is a significant advance over foam-like Represents metal bodies with known gas-releasing Blowing agents of the prior art can be obtained
- magnesium hydride especially autocatalytic Magnesium hydride produced, containing blowing agent metallic foam bodies have a different type Morphology as foams, for example with titanium hydride be obtained as a gas-releasing blowing agent.
- the aluminum foam piece is in use of magnesium hydride according to the present invention in the Fig. 1 foamed significantly more uniformly.
- the compression of the Bottom is only about 3 mm thick, while the aluminum foam according to the state of the art up to 1 cm non-foamed Material can be found at the bottom.
- Metal foam is also the number of cells per unit volume significantly larger, preferably with regard to for the presence of small cells. Also in this foam to detect a certain irregularity in the cells, which, however, is significantly less pronounced than with the foam according to the state of the art.
- the surface of the foam according to The present invention has more openings than that of the Foam according to the prior art. But the openings are much finer and more even.
- one Plastic foam can be used for the purposes of the present invention speak of small, uniform blow-offs.
- all fusible metals or metal alloys foamable in the sense of the present invention are as metal powder Aluminum and its alloys used. Accordingly it is particularly preferred that the metal powder is substantially made of aluminum, optionally with conventional alloy components, such as magnesium, copper and / or silicon.
- Metal powder is available to the person skilled in the art in a wide variety of processes to disposal.
- Particularly preferred in the sense of the present Invention is cold pressing, the cold isostatic Pressing, rolling, extrusion and extrusion.
- this is preferred Compacting below the decomposition temperature of the magnesium hydride containing gas-releasing blowing agent, preferably performed at room temperature. While in the prior art usually compacting at high temperature, especially above the decomposition temperature of the gas-releasing Blowing agent was carried out in the invention Use of gas-releasing blowing agents containing magnesium hydride found that compacting even at low Temperatures is possible.
- the mixture of metal powder and Magnesium hydride containing gas-releasing blowing agent When compacting, the mixture of metal powder and Magnesium hydride containing gas-releasing blowing agent the highest possible density can be compressed. Particularly preferred within the meaning of the present invention is the compacting in such a way that the density at least 90%, in particular at least 95% of the theoretical density of the Metal of the metal powder. This can be caused by high pressing forces can be achieved. So by applying 0.5% magnesium hydride as a blowing agent from spray-atomized spherical Aluminum (AlMgSi 6061) by cold isostatic pressing a cylinder with a pre-pressure of 450 bar accordingly a pressing force of about 10 t with a density of more than 90% of the theoretical density of aluminum can be produced.
- AlMgSi 6061 spray-atomized spherical Aluminum
- the amount of magnesium hydride to be used according to the invention containing gas-releasing blowing agent is usually very low.
- the proportions of blowing agent are of the order of magnitude usually from a few tenths of a percent by weight because that compacted semi-finished product is fully compressed and propellant cannot escape.
- Amounts of blowing agents have proven to be particularly favorable from 0.1 to 2% by weight, in particular 0.2 to 1 wt .-%, based on the metal powder, proven.
- magnesium hydride used itself, the commercially available is.
- known ones can also be used Metal hydrides, for example titanium hydride, carbonates, for example Calcium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, Sodium bicarbonate, hydrates, for example aluminum sulfate hydrate, Alum, aluminum hydroxide or easily evaporating Substances, for example mercury compounds or powdered organic substances are used.
- Another embodiment of the present invention comprises the semi-finished products obtainable by compacting, in which the metal particles in a relatively firm connection with each other are and an essentially gastight seal form for the gas particles of the blowing agent.
- These semi-finished products can optionally by known methods to be formed in order to achieve the appropriate pressure and temperature conditions according to known methods to a closed cell Foam metal body. So can the foaming of the semi-finished product, if no final shape is specified is. Alternatively, the foaming can also be carried out in one partially or completely closed form, where the finished porous metal body the specified shape of the tool accepts.
- the conditions for foaming the semi-finished products are the expert from the state of the aforementioned in the introduction Technology known.
- Another embodiment of the present invention above also relates to those obtainable using the above method closed-cell foam-shaped metal body.
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Abstract
Description
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung schäumbarer Metallkörper, das so erhältliche kompaktierte Halbzeug, die Verwendung des Halbzeugs zum Schäumen eines geschlossenzelligen Metallkörpers sowie die so erhaltenen geschlossenzelligen schaumförmigen Metallkörper.The invention relates to a method for manufacturing foamable metal body, the compact semi-finished product available in this way, the use of the semi-finished product for foaming a closed cell Metal body and the closed-cell cells thus obtained foam-shaped metal body.
Aus der US-A-3 087 807 ist ein Verfahren bekannt, nach dem die Herstellung eines porösen Metallkörpers beliebiger geometrischer Form möglich ist. Danach wird eine Mischung aus einem Metallpulver und einem Treibmittel mit einem Preßdruck von wenigstens 80 MPa im ersten Schritt kalt kompaktiert. Durch anschließendes Strangpressen wird die Mischung um wenigstens 87,5 % umgeformt. Dieser hohe Umformgrad wird als notwendig erachtet, damit durch die Reibung der Teilchen aneinander während des Umformprozesses die Oxidhäute zerstört und die Metallteilchen miteinander verbunden werden. Der so hergestellte extrudierte Stab kann durch Erwärmung auf wenigstens die Schmelztemperatur des Metalls zu einem porösen Metallkörper aufgeschäumt werden. Die Aufschäumung kann in verschiedenen Formen erfolgen, so daß der fertige poröse Metallkörper die gewünschte Form aufweist. Nachteilig ist, daß dieses Verfahren aufgrund seines zweistufigen Kompaktierungsvorgangs sowie des erforderlichen, sehr hohen Umformgrades aufwendig und auf durch Strangpressen herstellbare Halbzeuge beschränkt ist. Bei dem hier offenbarten Verfahren sind nur Treibmittel verwendbar, deren Zersetzungstemperatur oberhalb der Kompaktierungstemperatur liegt, da sonst das Gas während des Extrusionsvorgang entweichen würde. Der Extrusionsvorgang nach dem hier beschriebenen Verfahren wird als notwendig erachtet, da die Verbindung der Metallteilchen durch die bei dem Extrusionsvorgang auftretenden hohen Temperaturen und die Reibung der Teilchen aneinander, d. h. durch Verschweißung der Teilchen miteinander entsteht.From US-A-3 087 807 a method is known, according to which the Production of a porous metal body of any geometric Form is possible. After that, a mixture of a metal powder and a blowing agent with a pressing pressure of at least 80 MPa cold compacted in the first step. By subsequent The mixture is extruded by at least 87.5% formed. This high degree of forming is considered necessary thus by the friction of the particles against each other during of the forming process destroys the oxide skins and the metal particles be connected to each other. The extruded so produced Rod can be heated to at least the melting temperature of the metal foamed into a porous metal body become. The foaming can take various forms take place so that the finished porous metal body the desired Has shape. The disadvantage is that this method is due its two-stage compacting process and the required very high degree of forming complex and by extrusion producible semi-finished products is limited. With the one disclosed here Processes can only use blowing agents whose decomposition temperature is above the compaction temperature, otherwise the gas will escape during the extrusion process would. The extrusion process according to the one described here The procedure is considered necessary because the connection of the Metal particles due to those occurring in the extrusion process high temperatures and the friction of the particles against each other, d. H. is created by welding the particles together.
Die EP-B-0 460 392 beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung schäumbarer Metallkörper mit überwiegend geschlossener Porosität, wobei die entstehenden Poren gleichmäßig im gesamten Metallkörper verteilt und eine einheitliche Größe aufweisen sollen, bei dem eine Mischung aus wenigstens einem Metallpulver und wenigstens einem gasabspaltenden Treibmittelpulver hergestellt und zu einem Halbzeug kompaktiert wird. Das hier beschriebene Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Heißkompaktierung bei einer Temperatur oberhalb der Zersetzungstemperatur des Treibmittels stattfindet, wobei die Verbindung der Metallpulverteilchen überwiegend durch Diffusion erfolgt und bei einem Druck, der hoch genug ist, um die Zersetzung des Treibmittels zu verhindern derart, daß die Metallteilchen sich in einer festen Verbindung untereinander befinden und einen gasdichten Abschluß für die Gasteilchen des Treibmittels darstellen.EP-B-0 460 392 describes a process for the production foamable metal body with mostly closed porosity, the resulting pores evenly throughout the metal body distributed and should have a uniform size, in which a mixture of at least one metal powder and at least one gas-releasing blowing agent powder and compacted into a semi-finished product. The one described here The method is characterized in that the hot compaction at a temperature above the decomposition temperature of the blowing agent takes place, the connection of the Metal powder particles are predominantly made by diffusion and at a pressure high enough to disintegrate the Prevent blowing agent so that the metal particles themselves in a fixed connection with each other and one represent gas-tight seal for the gas particles of the blowing agent.
Die DE-C-41 24 591 beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung schäumbarer Metallkörper durch Walzen einer Pulvermischung, bei dem die Pulvermischung aus wenigstens einem treibmittelhaltigen Pulver und einem Metallpulver besteht, bei dem die Pulvermischung in ein Metallhohlprofil gefüllt und gewalzt wird. Der gemäß dieser Druckschrift erhältliche Kaltpreßkörper kann nicht nur vor dem Walzvorgang erwärmt werden, sondern auch nach den einzelnen Walzstichen wiedererwärmt werden. Auch hier wird der Kaltpreßkörper auf eine Temperatur oberhalb der Zersetzungstemperatur des Treibmittels erwärmt. DE-C-41 24 591 describes a process for the production foamable metal body by rolling a powder mixture, at which contains the powder mixture of at least one blowing agent Powder and a metal powder, in which the powder mixture is filled into a metal hollow profile and rolled. The Cold pressing bodies obtainable according to this publication cannot only be heated before the rolling process, but also after individual roll passes are reheated. Here too the Cold pressed body to a temperature above the decomposition temperature of the blowing agent heated.
Die DE-A-44 26 627 betrifft einen metallischen Verbundwerkstoff und ein Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung. Der metallische Verbundwerkstoff mit einem Kern aus einem oder mehreren porösen Metallwerkstoffen und mindestens einer Deckschicht aus massivem Material weist zwischen dem Kern und der Deckschicht/Deckschichten metallische Bindungen auf.DE-A-44 26 627 relates to a metallic composite material and a process for its manufacture. The metallic Composite material with a core of one or more porous Metal materials and at least one top layer made of solid Material points between the core and the top layer / top layers metallic bonds.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht zum einen in einem verbesserten Verfahren zur Herstellung schäumbarer Metallkörper und zum anderen in einer Verbesserung der technischen Eigenschaften der Halbzeuge sowie der geschlossenzelligen schaumförmigen Metallkörper gegenüber dem Stand der Technik.The object of the present invention is on the one hand improved process for the production of foamable metal bodies and secondly in an improvement in technical Properties of the semi-finished products as well as the closed-cell ones foam-shaped metal body compared to the prior art.
Die erstgenannte Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung schäumbarer Metallkörper, bei dem ein Gemisch aus wenigstens einem Metallpulver und einem gasabspaltenden Treibmittel hergestellt und zu einem Halbzeug kompaktiert wird. Das Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man ein Magnesiumhydrid enthaltendes gasabspaltendes Treibmittel einsetzt.The first-mentioned object of the present invention is achieved by a process for producing foamable metal bodies, in which a mixture of at least one metal powder and one gas-releasing blowing agent produced and a semi-finished product is compacted. The method is characterized in that a gas-releasing blowing agent containing magnesium hydride starts.
Die chemische Verbindung "Magnesiumhydrid" ist seit langem Stand der Technik. Sie wurde als Schaummittel für gummistoffe in der US-A- 3 114 724 offenbart. Jedoch wurden im Bereich der Herstellung aufschäumbarer Metallkörper bisher andere gasabspaltende Treibmittel, beispielsweise Titanhydrid, Carbonate, Hydrate oder leicht verdampfende Stoffe eingesetzt. Mittlerweile ist jedoch Magnesiumhydrid nicht mehr nur ein Laborprodukt, sondern auch in größerem Maßstab kommerziell erhältlich. Ein Kern der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht somit darin, Magnesiumhydrid einer neuen Verwendung zur Herstellung schäumbarer Metallkörper zuzuführen. Beaufschlagt man beispielsweise Metallpulver nach gründlicher Durchmischung mit einer geringen Menge an Magnesiumhydrid enthaltendes Treibmittel und kompaktiert das so erhaltene Gemisch, so ist es möglich, Preßkörper zur Herstellung von schaumförmigen Metallkörpern zu erhalten. Die so erhältlichen schaumförmigen Metallkörper weisen eine sehr homogene Porendichteverteilung bis in die Oberflächenbereiche des Formkörpers auf, die einen wesentlichen Fortschritt gegenüber schaumförmigen Metallkörpern darstellt, die mit bekannten gasabspaltenden Treibmitteln des Standes der Technik erhalten werden.The chemical compound "magnesium hydride" has long been State of the art. It was used as a foaming agent for rubber materials in the US-A-3 114 724. However, in the area of manufacturing foamable metal body previously other gas-releasing blowing agents, for example titanium hydride, carbonates, hydrates or easily evaporating substances used. Meanwhile, however Magnesium hydride is no longer just a laboratory product, but also commercially available on a larger scale. A core of the present The invention thus consists of magnesium hydride to supply new use for the production of foamable metal bodies. For example, metal powder is applied thorough mixing with a small amount of magnesium hydride containing blowing agent and compacted the thus obtained Mixture, so it is possible to manufacture compacts to obtain foam-shaped metal bodies. The so available Foam-shaped metal bodies have a very homogeneous pore density distribution down to the surface areas of the molded body on which is a significant advance over foam-like Represents metal bodies with known gas-releasing Blowing agents of the prior art can be obtained.
Die mit Hilfe von Magnesiumhydrid, insbesondere autokatalytisch hergestelltem Magnesiumhydrid, enthaltendem Treibmittel hergestellten metallischen Schaumkörper weisen eine andersartige Morphologie auf, als Schäume, die beispielsweise mit Titanhydrid als gasabspaltendem Treibmittel erhalten werden.The with the help of magnesium hydride, especially autocatalytic Magnesium hydride produced, containing blowing agent metallic foam bodies have a different type Morphology as foams, for example with titanium hydride be obtained as a gas-releasing blowing agent.
In den Fig. 1 und 2 wird ein erfindungsgemäß hergestellter Aluminiumschaum, bei dem 0,5 Mol-% Magnesiumhydrid als gasabspaltendes Treibmittel verwendet wurde (Fig. 1), einem entsprechenden Aluminiumschaum gegenübergestellt, bei dem 0,5 Mol-% Titanhydrid als gasabspaltendes Treibmittel verwendet wurde (Fig. 2). In beiden Fällen waren die Kompaktierungsbedingungen und Schäumungsbedingungen identisch.1 and 2, an aluminum foam produced according to the invention, at the 0.5 mol% magnesium hydride as a gas-releasing Blowing agent was used (Fig. 1), a corresponding Aluminum foam contrasted with the 0.5 mol% titanium hydride was used as a gas-releasing blowing agent (Fig. 2). In both cases the compaction conditions were and foaming conditions identical.
Der aufgeschnittene Schaum gemäß dem Stand der Technik unter Verwendung von Titanhydrid zeigt in der Fig. 2 eine starke Verdichtung der untenliegenden "Bodenzone". Die in der Schaumstruktur verteilten Zellen sind sehr ungleichmäßig. In der Hauptsache handelt es sich um grobe, zum Teil aufgestiegene Zellen. Das führt zu einer etwas zerrissenen Oberfläche des Metallstücks, wenn derartig große Gasblasen an der Oberfläche des Metallkörpers "abgeblasen" haben.The cut foam according to the prior art below The use of titanium hydride shows a strong compression in FIG. 2 the "bottom zone" below. The one in the foam structure distributed cells are very uneven. In the The main thing is rough, partly ascended Cells. This leads to a somewhat torn surface of the metal piece, when such large gas bubbles on the surface of the "Blown off" metal body.
Im Gegensatz dazu ist das Aluminiumschaumstück unter Verwendung von Magnesiumhydrid gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung in der Fig. 1 deutlich gleichmäßiger geschäumt. Die Verdichtung der Unterseite ist nur ca. 3 mm dick, während bei dem Aluminiumschaum gemäß dem Stand der Technik bis zu 1 cm ungeschäumtes Material an der Unterseite zu finden ist. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Metallschaum ist auch die Zahl der Zellen pro Volumeneinheit deutlich größer und zwar bevorzugterweise im Hinblick auf das Vorhandensein kleiner Zellen. Auch in diesem Schaum ist zwar eine gewisse Unregelmäßigkeit der Zellen festzustellen, die jedoch deutlich weniger ausgeprägt ist, als bei dem Schaum gemäß dem Stand der Technik. Die Oberfläche des Schaums gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung hat mehr Öffnungen als die des Schaums gemäß dem Stand der Technik. Die Öffnungen sind aber deutlich feiner und deutlich gleichmäßiger. In Analogie zu einem Kunststoffschaum kann man im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung von kleinen gleichmäßigen Abbläsern sprechen.In contrast, the aluminum foam piece is in use of magnesium hydride according to the present invention in the Fig. 1 foamed significantly more uniformly. The compression of the Bottom is only about 3 mm thick, while the aluminum foam according to the state of the art up to 1 cm non-foamed Material can be found at the bottom. In the invention Metal foam is also the number of cells per unit volume significantly larger, preferably with regard to for the presence of small cells. Also in this foam to detect a certain irregularity in the cells, which, however, is significantly less pronounced than with the foam according to the state of the art. The surface of the foam according to The present invention has more openings than that of the Foam according to the prior art. But the openings are much finer and more even. In analogy to one Plastic foam can be used for the purposes of the present invention speak of small, uniform blow-offs.
Betrachtet man die Strukturen der Zellen innerhalb des Schaums im Vergleich der beiden Metallstücke gemäß den Fig. 1 und 2, so fällt eine Besonderheit beim Metallschaum des Standes der Technik in der Fig. 2 auf. Die Öffnungen in den "Fenstern" der Gasblasen sehen oftmals wie gerissen aus, während in dem erfindungsgemäßen Schaum der Fig. 1 derartige Stellen praktisch nicht zu erkennen sind. Dies deutet darauf hin, daß zum Zeitpunkt der Volumenänderung des Metalls die Viskosität des gemäß dem Stand der Technik geschäumten Materials geringer ist als die des erfindungsgemäß geschäumten Materials. Dies ist, ohne sich darauf festzulegen, möglicherweise darin begründet, daß Titan die Viskosität der Metallumgebung - hier Aluminium - erhöht, während Magnesium als Bestandteil des gasabspaltenden Treibmittels einen gegenteiligen Effekt bewirkt.Consider the structures of the cells within the foam in comparison of the two metal pieces according to FIGS. 1 and 2, so is a special feature of the metal foam of the prior art in Fig. 2. The openings in the "windows" of the gas bubbles often look like smart, while in the invention Foam of Fig. 1 such places practical are not recognizable. This indicates that at the time the change in volume of the metal, the viscosity of the the prior art foamed material is less than that of the foamed material according to the invention. This is without to commit to it, possibly because Titan increases the viscosity of the metal environment - here aluminum - while magnesium as part of the gas-releasing Blowing agent has an opposite effect.
Bei der Betrachtung der Seitenbereiche der Metallfladenabschnitte zeigt sich, daß die gemäß dem Stand der Technik geschäumte Probe eine deutlich andere Struktur der vertikalen Flächen aufweist, als die mit Hilfe der vorliegenden Erfindung erhältlichen Aluminiumschaumkörper. Während bei den gemäß dem Stand der Technik geschäumten Körpern eine relativ ursprüngliche Struktur mit wenigen größeren Kratern zu erkennen ist (also offensichtlich geringere Volumenausdehnung in horizontaler Richtung) und teilweises Abblasen des Gases zur Seite, zeigt sich bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Aluminiumschaum eine unebene, aber gleichmäßig unebene Struktur, wie man sie bei einem verkleinerten Seifenschaum erwarten würde. Dieser Umstand ist dahingehend zu interpretieren, daß deutlich weniger Gas durch Fehler/Risse an der Seite des Körpers verloren geht und das Metall bei der Gasentwicklungstemperatur sich leichter der Schaummorphologie annähern kann. Es scheint im Falle der erfindungsgemäß geschäumten Metalle leichter zu sein, sowohl in horizontaler als auch in vertikaler Richtung eine gleichmäßige Volumenänderung zu bewirken, als bei Metallschäumen gemäß dem Stand der Technik.When looking at the side areas of the metal flat sections shows that the foamed according to the prior art Sample a significantly different structure of the vertical Has areas than that with the help of the present invention available aluminum foam body. While according to the Prior art foamed bodies a relatively original Structure with a few larger craters can be seen (i.e. obviously smaller volume expansion in horizontal Direction) and partial blowing off of the gas to the side there is an uneven surface in the aluminum foam according to the invention, but evenly uneven structure as you would with a scaled down Lather would expect. This fact is so to interpret that significantly less gas through Flaws / cracks on the side of the body is lost and the metal at the gas evolution temperature the Can approximate foam morphology. It appears in the case of the invention foamed metals to be lighter, both horizontally and even in the vertical direction To cause volume change than with metal foams according to the State of the art.
Prinzipiell sind alle schmelzbaren Metalle oder Metall-Legierungen im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung schäumbar. Besonders bevorzugt im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung wird als Metallpulver Aluminium und seine Legierungen eingesetzt. Dementsprechend ist es besonders bevorzugt, daß das Metallpulver im wesentlichen aus Aluminium, gegebenenfalls mit üblichen Legierungsbestandteilen, wie beispielsweise Magnesium, Kupfer und/oder Silicium besteht.In principle, all fusible metals or metal alloys foamable in the sense of the present invention. Especially preferred in the sense of the present invention is as metal powder Aluminum and its alloys used. Accordingly it is particularly preferred that the metal powder is substantially made of aluminum, optionally with conventional alloy components, such as magnesium, copper and / or silicon.
Für das Kompaktieren der gasabspaltenden Treibmittel enthaltenden Metallpulver stehen dem Fachmann die verschiedensten Verfahren zur Verfügung. Besonders bevorzugt im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung ist das Kaltpressen, das kaltisostatische Pressen, das Walzen, das Strangpressen und das Extrudieren. Besonders bevorzugt im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung wird das Kompaktieren unterhalb der Zersetzungstemperatur des Magnesiumhydrid enthaltenden gasabspaltenden Treibmittels, vorzugsweise bei Raumtemperatur durchgeführt. Während im Stand der Technik in der Regel eine Kompaktierung bei hoher Temperatur, insbesondere oberhalb der Zersetzungstemperatur des gasabspaltenden Treibmittels durchgeführt wurde, wurde beim erfindungsgemäßen Einsatz von Magnesiumhydrid enthaltenden gasabspaltenden Treibmitteln gefunden, daß eine Kompaktierung auch bei niedrigen Temperaturen möglich ist.For compacting the gas-containing blowing agents Metal powder is available to the person skilled in the art in a wide variety of processes to disposal. Particularly preferred in the sense of the present Invention is cold pressing, the cold isostatic Pressing, rolling, extrusion and extrusion. Especially in the sense of the present invention, this is preferred Compacting below the decomposition temperature of the magnesium hydride containing gas-releasing blowing agent, preferably performed at room temperature. While in the prior art usually compacting at high temperature, especially above the decomposition temperature of the gas-releasing Blowing agent was carried out in the invention Use of gas-releasing blowing agents containing magnesium hydride found that compacting even at low Temperatures is possible.
Bei der Kompaktierung sollte das Gemisch aus Metallpulver und Magnesiumhydrid enthaltendem gasabspaltenden Treibmittel auf eine möglichst hohe Dichte verdichtet werden. Besonders bevorzugt im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, die Kompaktierung in der Weise durchzuführen, daß die Dichte wenigstens 90 %, insbesondere wenigstens 95 % der theoretischen Dichte des Metalls des Metallpulvers beträgt. Dies kann durch hohe Preßkräfte erreicht werden. So konnte durch Beaufschlagung mit 0,5 % Magnesiumhydrid als Treibmittel aus sprühverdüstem kugeligen Aluminium (AlMgSi 6061) durch kaltisostatisches Pressen ein Zylinder mit einem Preßvordruck von 450 bar entsprechend einer Preßkraft von etwa 10 t mit einer Dichte von mehr als 90 % der theoretischen Dichte von Aluminium hergestellt werden.When compacting, the mixture of metal powder and Magnesium hydride containing gas-releasing blowing agent the highest possible density can be compressed. Particularly preferred within the meaning of the present invention is the compacting in such a way that the density at least 90%, in particular at least 95% of the theoretical density of the Metal of the metal powder. This can be caused by high pressing forces can be achieved. So by applying 0.5% magnesium hydride as a blowing agent from spray-atomized spherical Aluminum (AlMgSi 6061) by cold isostatic pressing a cylinder with a pre-pressure of 450 bar accordingly a pressing force of about 10 t with a density of more than 90% of the theoretical density of aluminum can be produced.
Die erfindungsgemäß einzusetzende Menge des Magnesiumhydrid enthaltenden gasabspaltenden Treibmittels ist üblicherweise sehr gering. So reichen Treibmittelanteile in der Größenordnung von wenigen Zehntel Gewichtsprozent üblicherweise aus, weil das kompaktierte Halbzeug vollständig verdichtet ist und Treibgas nicht entweichen kann. Als besonders günstig haben sich Treibmittelmengen von 0,1 bis 2 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,2 bis 1 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Metallpulver, erwiesen.The amount of magnesium hydride to be used according to the invention containing gas-releasing blowing agent is usually very low. The proportions of blowing agent are of the order of magnitude usually from a few tenths of a percent by weight because that compacted semi-finished product is fully compressed and propellant cannot escape. Amounts of blowing agents have proven to be particularly favorable from 0.1 to 2% by weight, in particular 0.2 to 1 wt .-%, based on the metal powder, proven.
Besonders bevorzugt im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung wird als Magnesiumhydrid enthaltendes, gasabspaltendes Treibmittel Magnesiumhydrid selbst eingesetzt, das kommerziell erhältlich ist. Neben dem Magnesiumhydrid können aber auch an sich bekannte Metallhydride, zum Beispiel Titanhydrid, Carbonate, beispielsweise Calciumcarbonat, Kaliumcarbonat, Natriumcarbonat, Natriumbicarbonat, Hydrate, beispielsweise Aluminiumsulfathydrat, Alaun, Aluminiumhydroxid oder leicht verdampfende Stoffe, beispielsweise Quecksilberverbindungen oder pulverisierte organische Substanzen eingesetzt werden.Is particularly preferred in the sense of the present invention as a gas-releasing blowing agent containing magnesium hydride Magnesium hydride used itself, the commercially available is. In addition to the magnesium hydride, known ones can also be used Metal hydrides, for example titanium hydride, carbonates, for example Calcium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, Sodium bicarbonate, hydrates, for example aluminum sulfate hydrate, Alum, aluminum hydroxide or easily evaporating Substances, for example mercury compounds or powdered organic substances are used.
Eine weitere Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung umfaßt die durch das Kompaktieren erhältlichen Halbzeuge, bei denen sich die Metallteilchen in einer relativ festen Verbindung untereinander befinden und einen im wesentlichen gasdichten Abschluß für die Gasteilchen des Treibmittels bilden. Diese Halbzeuge können gegebenenfalls nach an sich bekannten Verfahren umgeformt werden, um diese bei entsprechenden Druck- und Temperaturbedingungen nach an sich bekannten Verfahren zu einem geschlossenzelligen Metallkörper aufzuschäumen. So kann das Aufschäumen des Halbzeugs frei erfolgen, wenn keine Endform vorgegeben ist. Alternativ kann das Aufschäumen aber auch in einer teilweise oder vollständig geschlossenen Form erfolgen, wobei der fertige poröse Metallkörper die vorgegebene Form des Werkzeugs annimmt. Die Bedingungen zum Aufschäumen der Halbzeuge sind dem Fachmann aus dem in der Einleitung genannten Stand der Technik bekannt. Somit besteht eine weitere Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung in der Verwendung der oben definierten Halbzeuge zum Schäumen eines geschlossenzelligen Metallkörpers durch Einwirkung von erhöhtem oder vermindertem Druck und/oder erhöhter Temperatur. Insbesondere besteht die erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsform in der Verwendung des Halbzeugs zum Ausschäumen von Hohlräumen in Formwerkzeugen.Another embodiment of the present invention comprises the semi-finished products obtainable by compacting, in which the metal particles in a relatively firm connection with each other are and an essentially gastight seal form for the gas particles of the blowing agent. These semi-finished products can optionally by known methods to be formed in order to achieve the appropriate pressure and temperature conditions according to known methods to a closed cell Foam metal body. So can the foaming of the semi-finished product, if no final shape is specified is. Alternatively, the foaming can also be carried out in one partially or completely closed form, where the finished porous metal body the specified shape of the tool accepts. The conditions for foaming the semi-finished products are the expert from the state of the aforementioned in the introduction Technology known. There is thus a further embodiment of the present invention in the use of those defined above Semi-finished products for foaming a closed-cell metal body by the action of increased or reduced pressure and / or elevated temperature. In particular, there is the invention Embodiment in the use of the semi-finished product for foaming of cavities in molds.
Eine weitere Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung darüber hinaus betrifft die mit Hilfe des oben genannten Verfahrens erhältlichen geschlossenzelligen schaumförmigen Metallkörper.Another embodiment of the present invention above also relates to those obtainable using the above method closed-cell foam-shaped metal body.
Zum Einsatz gelangte ein sprühverdüstes, kugeliges Material mit
der Bezeichnung AlMgSi (6061) und der folgenden Zusammensetzung:
Beaufschlagt mit 0,5 % Magnesiumhydrid (autokatalytisch hergestellt nach EP-B-0 490 156) als gasabspaltendes Treibmittel wurden hieraus zylinderförmige Preßlinge durch kaltisostatisches Pressen hergestellt. Die Zylinder hatten einen Durchmesser von 52 mm und Höhen von 24 bzw. 32 mm. Verpreßt wurde mit einer Preßkraft von 9556 kp. Eine Dichtebestimmung belegte die Raumdichte von etwa 96 % der theoretischen Aluminiumdichte. Diese Halbzeuge wurden dann in einem auf 750 °C temperierten Ofen für 23 min aufgebacken. Die Querschnittsfläche des erhaltenen Aluminiumschaums ist in der Fig. 1 wiedergegeben.Actuated with 0.5% magnesium hydride (autocatalytically produced according to EP-B-0 490 156) as a gas-releasing blowing agent it became cylindrical compacts by cold isostatic Presses manufactured. The cylinders had a diameter of 52 mm and heights of 24 or 32 mm. Was pressed with a pressing force of 9556 kp. A density determination confirmed the Bulk density of about 96% of the theoretical aluminum density. These semi-finished products were then tempered to 750 ° C Bake the oven for 23 min. The cross-sectional area of the obtained Aluminum foam is shown in FIG. 1.
Analog zum oben genannten Ausführungsbeispiel wurde ein entsprechendes Halbzeug unter Verwendung von 0,5 Gew.-% TiH1,98 hergestellt und unter gleichen Bedingungen aufgebacken. In der Fig. 2 wird der Querschnitt des so erhaltenen Aluminiumschaums wiedergegeben.Analogous to the exemplary embodiment mentioned above, a corresponding semifinished product was produced using 0.5% by weight of TiH 1.98 and baked under the same conditions. 2 shows the cross section of the aluminum foam obtained in this way.
Claims (11)
- Process for producing foamable metal articles in which mixtures of at least one metal powder and one gas-producing blowing agent are produced and compacted to a semifinished product, characterized in that a gas-producing blowing agent comprising magnesium hydride is employed.
- Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the metal powder consists essentially of aluminium, where appropriate with conventional alloying constituents.
- Process as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the compacting comprises cold pressing, cold isostatic pressing, rolling and/or types of extrusion.
- Process as claimed in one or more of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the compacting is carried out below the decomposition temperature of the gas-producing blowing agent, in particular at room temperature.
- Process as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that metal powder and gas-producing blowing agent are compacted to a density of at least 90%, in particular 95%, of the theoretical density of the metal in the metal powder.
- Process as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the gas-producing blowing agent is employed in an amount of from 0.1 to 2% by weight, in particular 0.2 to 1% by weight, based on the metal powder.
- Process as claimed in one or more of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that magnesium hydride, where appropriate in addition to other metal hydrides, in particular titanium hydride, carbonates, hydrates and/or readily vaporizing substances, are employed as gas-producing blowing agents.
- Compacted semifinished product obtainable by processes claimed in one or more of Claims 1 to 7.
- Use of the semifinished product as claimed in Claim 8 for foaming a closed-cell metal article by the action of elevated or reduced pressure and/or elevated temperature.
- Use as claimed in Claim 9 for foam-filling cavities in moulds.
- Closed-cell foamed metal article obtainable as claimed in Claims 9 or 10.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19724326 | 1997-06-10 | ||
| DE19724326 | 1997-06-10 |
Publications (3)
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| EP0884123A2 EP0884123A2 (en) | 1998-12-16 |
| EP0884123A3 EP0884123A3 (en) | 2001-04-04 |
| EP0884123B1 true EP0884123B1 (en) | 2003-03-26 |
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ID=7831969
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| EP98109728A Expired - Lifetime EP0884123B1 (en) | 1997-06-10 | 1998-05-28 | Foamable metal body |
Country Status (6)
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|---|---|
| US (1) | US5972285A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0884123B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH1112605A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE235336T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59807606D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2193439T3 (en) |
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| CN109550963A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-04-02 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of sub-micron hydride particle enhancing aluminium base raw powder's production technology for 3D printing |
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| DE10123899A1 (en) * | 2001-05-16 | 2002-11-21 | Goldschmidt Ag Th | Production of metal molded parts comprises placing a metal body with closed surfaces on all sides and a hollow structure inside into a mold, and filling the remaining mold hollow space with a metal or metal alloy |
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| US7328831B1 (en) | 2004-06-25 | 2008-02-12 | Porvair Plc | Method of making a brazed metal article and the article formed thereby |
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-
1998
- 1998-05-28 ES ES98109728T patent/ES2193439T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-05-28 AT AT98109728T patent/ATE235336T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-05-28 EP EP98109728A patent/EP0884123B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-05-28 DE DE59807606T patent/DE59807606D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-06-09 US US09/094,270 patent/US5972285A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-06-10 JP JP10161916A patent/JPH1112605A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109550963A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-04-02 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of sub-micron hydride particle enhancing aluminium base raw powder's production technology for 3D printing |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59807606D1 (en) | 2003-04-30 |
| EP0884123A2 (en) | 1998-12-16 |
| ES2193439T3 (en) | 2003-11-01 |
| ATE235336T1 (en) | 2003-04-15 |
| EP0884123A3 (en) | 2001-04-04 |
| US5972285A (en) | 1999-10-26 |
| JPH1112605A (en) | 1999-01-19 |
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