EP0873286A1 - Procede et dispositif de traitement aerobie de substances organiques - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de traitement aerobie de substances organiques

Info

Publication number
EP0873286A1
EP0873286A1 EP96900941A EP96900941A EP0873286A1 EP 0873286 A1 EP0873286 A1 EP 0873286A1 EP 96900941 A EP96900941 A EP 96900941A EP 96900941 A EP96900941 A EP 96900941A EP 0873286 A1 EP0873286 A1 EP 0873286A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
support elements
approximately
slats
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP96900941A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Erich Eigner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Interlicense Den Haag BV
Original Assignee
Interlicense Den Haag BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Interlicense Den Haag BV filed Critical Interlicense Den Haag BV
Publication of EP0873286A1 publication Critical patent/EP0873286A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
    • F26B9/10—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in the open air; in pans or tables in rooms; Drying stacks of loose material on floors which may be covered, e.g. by a roof
    • F26B9/103—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in the open air; in pans or tables in rooms; Drying stacks of loose material on floors which may be covered, e.g. by a roof using fixed or removable drying air channels placed in the stack, e.g. horizontally or vertically
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/95—Devices in which the material is conveyed essentially vertically between inlet and discharge means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/12—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft
    • F26B17/122—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the material moving through a cross-flow of drying gas; the drying enclosure, e.g. shaft, consisting of substantially vertical, perforated walls
    • F26B17/126—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the material moving through a cross-flow of drying gas; the drying enclosure, e.g. shaft, consisting of substantially vertical, perforated walls the vertical walls consisting of baffles, e.g. in louvre-arrangement
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for aerobic treatment, hygienization and / or drying of moist, preferably at least partially organic, material of essentially solid or pasty nature, using a specific reactor geometry and special internal fittings.
  • the device is particularly suitable for microbiological pretreatment, conditioning and / or sanitation of organic residues and other organic waste, in particular industrial and municipal sewage sludge, as well as waste from agricultural production, factory farming, horticulture and industrial food and beverage production, for the purpose of long-term stabilization the residues and / or for the production of organic and organo-mineral fertilizers, growing media and / or soil additives.
  • the closest prior art (AT 382 862 B) describes a method and a device for drying chicken manure or similar pasty substances.
  • a microbiological phase selective microorganisms are settled on shaped, stable carrier elements, the pasty substances to be treated are fed into strand-like pellets after prior pressing and are suitable with conditioned air
  • the device used for this purpose has a closed cylindrical container which contains two coaxially arranged, air-permeable cylinders made of perforated sheet metal, which can be vibrated vertically and contain support elements for the selective microorganisms between the perforated sheets.
  • the supply and exhaust air lines and the blowers are installed in such a way that a centripetal air flow is forced from the inner wall of the container through the perforated plates to the center of the container, from where it is extracted from the container via the exhaust air line.
  • Another disadvantage of the known system is that especially in the bottom area of the reaction space, where the freshly filled organic material is most compressed, the exclusively horizontal air flow may no longer be sufficient to adequately sanitize and / or dry the material located there , which in addition to a loss of quality can also cause procedural difficulties (e.g. difficult discharge, odor pollution).
  • Another major disadvantage is the fact that the contents in the marginal zones of the reaction chamber, i.e. in the vicinity of the perforated plates, are not supported and therefore not relieved of pressure, so that there the material is compressed more and the air flowing through opposes a higher resistance, which affects both the treatment process itself and the required blower performance and thus the energy consumption.
  • the present invention has set itself the task of using the essentially the same microbiological and physical effects to create a device which, thanks to a significantly improved bioreactor geometry and in particular in cooperation with a modified mode of operation, the above-mentioned disadvantages of the closest prior art are impressive overcomes.
  • This object is achieved according to the present invention by a device in which the interior of the round or square reactor vessel is not divided by perforated plate cylinders, but rather by air-permeable walls of a louvered lamellar structure arranged in pairs. These pairs of walls extend essentially over the entire height of the bioreactor container and are arranged such that the sides facing one another, i.e. the inner sides, of each pair form an intermediate reaction space, while the sides facing away from one another of such a pair, i.e. form the outside, air spaces.
  • the slats are attached to the supporting structure at predetermined angles, distances, lengths and / or widths and are preferably mounted so that they can move, so that the angles of the slats can be changed, similar to conventional window blinds.
  • these lamella walls are rectilinear, curved or closed in a ring and are arranged in pairs to one another in such a way that they are at a substantially constant distance from one another over their entire length, which is achieved by at least approximately parallel or concentric arrangement.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional frontal view of the device according to the invention with a pair of parallel lamella walls, with support elements, support elements and horizontal elements.
  • 2A shows a schematic diagram for the preferred direction of air flow in a device with two reaction spaces and perforated container bottom; Arrows mark the direction of flow.
  • 2B shows a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional frontal view of the device with filler and bottom flaps, support elements and a connecting line between the supply air and exhaust air lines.
  • 3 shows a basic diagram of a horizontal cross section of a round embodiment of the device with a pair of concentrically arranged, annularly closed lamella walls with supporting elements; Arrows mark the preferred direction of air flow.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a horizontal cross section of a polygonal embodiment of the device with a pair of essentially concentrically arranged, annularly closed lamella walls with support elements; Arrows mark the preferred direction of air flow.
  • the bioreactor 1 consists of a container 2 with a square horizontal cross section and a single pair of internal, linearly designed lamella walls 3a, 3b. These lamella walls are preferably arranged plane-parallel to one another in order to ensure a uniform layer thickness of the reaction space 4 located therebetween. With their outer sides, they divide the interior of the container into two
  • Air zones that communicate with each other only via the reaction space One air zone is the supply air area 5, into which fresh air, recycled exhaust air or other external air is supplied via at least one supply air line 7, while the other air zone is the exhaust air area 6, in which the air is collected after flowing through the reaction chamber 4 and via at least one exhaust air line 1 2 is withdrawn from the container.
  • the device according to the invention also contains support elements 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d and optionally support elements 9 which are arranged within the reaction space.
  • the support elements serve the purpose of the best possible pressure distribution of the filling material, so that even on the particles of the filled organic material in the bottom area of the reaction space 4 there is an average maximum pressure which is lower than the corresponding pressure without these supporting elements with the same filling weight.
  • This effect of the pressure reduction causes a loosened bed of the filling material in the reaction chamber 4 and is favored by the fact that the support elements 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d are spatially staggered both vertically and horizontally, which also prevents the formation of unwanted, continuous horizontal layers within the Hinder reaction space 4. Your horizontal, diagonal and vertical
  • the distance from one another is also such that, depending on their size, i.e. in particular their horizontal extension and a commercially useful number of such elements, the distances to the neighboring supporting elements are as minimal as possible, while the mutual weight support of the filled particles of the organic material - among other things via bridge effects - an optimum achieved.
  • the relatively loose bed of the filling material thus obtained is accessible to a sufficient and largely uniform air supply in the entire reaction space 4.
  • suitable support elements 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d and optionally support elements 9 also prevents undesired zones of lower air resistance or inadequate air flow from being formed and thus reducing the performance of the reactor. Such undesirable effects could occur, for example, in the case of support elements which enclose air spaces which are not or only insufficiently filled by the filling material.
  • the spatial arrangement of the support elements can be achieved in a simple case, for example, by providing them with a bore and threading them onto a carrier element 9, for example a rope or a rod, like the pearls of a pearl necklace.
  • the support elements, which are threaded onto a rope or a rod, are preferably kept separate from one another in the vertical direction by spacers, for example hollow cylinders of suitable dimensions threaded between them.
  • the vertical distance between the support elements does not have to be constant over the entire length of a support element, but is advantageously less near the floor than in the head region of the reaction space. Due to the shorter spacing intervals and the resulting higher number of support elements in the lower, near-ground zones, the real pressure conditions are better taken into account and better pressure relief is achieved than with statistical uniform distribution of the support elements in the entire reaction space.
  • the spacers must be dimensioned such that on the one hand they do not create any undesirable cavities and on the other hand they can bear the weight of the support elements and the pressure on them. In addition, they must of course withstand the chemical and thermal loads that occur in the bioreactor.
  • the support elements 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d are arranged one above the other at vertical intervals of about 10 to about 100 cm, in the case of compact and heavy contents at intervals of at most about 20 to about 50 cm.
  • Their lateral spacing - measured as the lateral spacing of the imaginary vertical axes of two adjacent, spatially offset support elements - is, also depending on the filling density, the strength, porosity and the specific weight of the filling material and the size of the support elements preferably about 20 to about 80 cm, in particular about 30 to about 50 cm to each other. If there are vertical support elements with supporting elements attached to them, this corresponds to the distance between two adjacent, vertically attached support elements.
  • the size of the support elements 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d which can be used expediently from an economic point of view, is mainly determined by their horizontal extension, i.e. their greatest width, measured, which ranges between about 5 and about 35 cm, but preferably between about 10 and about 20 cm.
  • the carrier elements 9 are fastened to a stable suspension device, for example a grating, in the head space of the container 2 and optionally also to a fastening element, for example also a grating, in the bottom area.
  • a stable suspension device for example a grating
  • a fastening element for example also a grating
  • the support elements 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d essentially consist of symmetrically or asymmetrically shaped bodies which are suitable for exerting a loosening, supporting and pressure-distributing effect on the filling material. Cubes, cylinders, cones, plates, plates, spheres, spiral elements and similar three-dimensional bodies are suitable for this purpose.
  • the support elements 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d and / or possibly the support elements 9 are attached so that they can be moved vertically and / or horizontally, at least to the extent that they are coupled to a vibrating device. This measure also leads to breaks in material bridges that have built up between adjacent support elements and thus supports the internal material transport from top to bottom and the material discharge from the reaction space.
  • at least some of the support elements 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d are designed in the form of vertically arranged spirals and / or screws 8b.
  • the spirals have the geometry of spiral springs, ie they do not contain an internal axis and are either designed to be self-supporting or their pitch is stabilized by, for example, two external axes.
  • the spirals can, however, also be designed such that their band-shaped spiral paths are interrupted in sections, pass into a rigid axis and then assume spiral form again.
  • the screw elements 8b are support elements in the form of screw conveyors, which are likewise designed either with a continuous or partially interrupted spiral path. In both cases, the width of these band-shaped spiral tracks is between approximately 5 and approximately 35 cm, preferably between approximately 10 and approximately 20 cm.
  • the advantage of this type of support elements 8b lies in particular in the fact that, in addition to their supporting property, they transport material within the
  • Reaction chamber 4 and in particular effectively support the material discharge from the container 2, provided that they are rotatably mounted and connected to a drive motor which rotates them about their longitudinal axis at the desired time.
  • a drive motor which rotates them about their longitudinal axis at the desired time.
  • the support elements are designed in the form of louvered slat walls 8d, which preferably contain adjustable slats. They are preferably designed so that they extend approximately over the entire height, but at least over three quarters of the height of a reaction space 4.
  • the slats can be adjusted in sections, for example in vertical sections of approximately 0.5 to approximately 1 m in height, both separately from one another and together in relation to the angle of attack.
  • the number of such lamella walls 8d as support elements depends on the size of the entire device and on the layer thickness of the reaction space 4.
  • a single lamella wall 8d may be sufficient, but usually two to about fifteen such lamella walls, which can be arranged parallel or offset to one another, are present within a reaction space. Similar to the spiral or screw-like support elements 8b, it is also here possible to break material bridges by moving the lamellae and thus to ensure a uniform and / or accelerated further transport of the treated material within the reaction space 4 and / or for an improved discharge of the material from the container 2.
  • the lamella walls 3a, 3b, the lamellae 10, 10a, 10b of which are designed and fastened in such a way that their lower edges extend into the reaction chamber 4, while the upper edges of them make an important contribution to the support and pressure distribution of the filling material in the edge region of the reaction space Point the reaction space upwards into the air spaces 5, 6.
  • the slats 1 0, 1 0a, 10b are rigidly mounted at a desired angle of attack, for example inserted and welded onto a frame with grooves cut at the correct angle.
  • the fins 10, 10a, 10b are designed in the form of straight, flat sheet metal strips with a thickness of approximately 0.2 to approximately 0.8 mm.
  • the present lamella construction like the entire reaction vessel, is by no means limited to metal, in particular stainless steel, aluminum, or galvanized iron sheet. Rather, suitable plastics that can withstand chemical, thermal and mechanical loads, but also wood, can be used.
  • the lamella construction consists of lamella walls 3a, 3b with several, preferably three to ten, but at least two horizontal and preferably also vertical sections, which together and / or independently of one another with respect to the angle of attack of the lamellae 10 , 10a, 10b can be set.
  • the division into two or more sections mainly takes into account the pressure load on the individual slats in order to prevent long slats having to be used which could bend or even permanently deform.
  • the vertical sections in cooperation with adjustable slats 10, 10a, 10b allow the reaction space 4 to be subdivided into vertical zones of different fermentation, hygiene and / or drying states.
  • These advantages of zoning with different ventilation adapted to the respective process state via the angles of attack of the lamellae 10, 10a, 10b come from a semi-continuous mode of operation, i.e. particularly against operation with partial emptying and refilling taking place at desired intervals.
  • the dimensions of the lamellae 10, 10a, 10b are variable within wide limits. In practice, however, they are about 5 to about 30 cm wide and about 0.2 to about 0.8 cm thick for most applications. You can choose any length; For example, they can only have a length of 0.5 m or less in small systems, but can also have a length of 10 m and more in large systems. However, it is then necessary to support the slats one or more times over their length by load-bearing devices in order to prevent undesired deformation of the slats by e.g. Prevent bending or kinking.
  • a slat width of approximately 12 to approximately 15 cm with a slat thickness of 0.5 cm has proven particularly useful.
  • the vertical spacing of the slats arranged one above the other in relation to points of the same position, for example from the upper edge to the upper edge, is approximately 5 to approximately 20 cm, a vertical distance of approximately 10 cm being particularly advantageous for constructional and procedural reasons, especially in connection with slats from about 12 to about 15 cm wide.
  • the setting angles of the slats of approximately 40 to approximately 70 degrees, measured from the horizontal lead to the desired success.
  • microorganisms for recycling mixed substrates have different oxygen requirements depending on the biodegradability of the materials. This fact can be taken into account with a device according to the invention with adjustable slats in a relatively simple manner without changing the blower output or possibly having to use an additional, separate blower. If necessary, a compensating valve for excess supply air must be provided on the supply air side in order to lead a constant air flow through those zones of the reaction space where the fins have not been adjusted.
  • Grids or nets which cover the openings between the slats 10, 10a, 10b, especially in the immovable version, are in principle not necessary, but give an additional measure of security, so that even with a very flat, i.e. wide opening angle of attack, for example 35 degrees or less, reliable material retention within the reaction space 4 remains guaranteed.
  • Such grids or nets have a mesh size of approximately 0.2 to approximately 6 cm, preferably approximately 0.5 to approximately 3 cm, and consist of metal or a suitable, mechanically resilient plastic which is chemically resistant under the given conditions of use and temperatures of up to approximately 100 ° C endures undamaged and without degrading its mechanical properties.
  • vertical sections are also formed by adjustable horizontal elements 1 1 a, 1 1 b, in particular those which are tubular and rotatable about their longitudinal axis and extend over the entire or approximately the entire length of the reaction space.
  • adjustable horizontal elements 1 1 a, 1 1 b are preferably elements of elliptical, triangular or polygonal cross section, which are arranged in one or more horizontal planes in such a way that they lie essentially parallel to one another and in at least one rotational position the reaction space in two or more superposed, preferably at least approximately closed , Divide sections.
  • Such horizontal elements in the closed position 11b can, for example, hold back contents of a lower section, while twisting the horizontal elements of an overlying level into an opening position 11a creates an open connection between two previously separated sections, for example, filling material from an upper section in can penetrate an underlying one - if necessary, controlled and carefully metered. This makes it possible, for example, to compensate for the reduction in volume when the filled material is deposited and / or, if desired, to set up and / or maintain zones of different microbiological activities, hygienization and / or drying.
  • layer thicknesses of approximately 50 to approximately 250 cm are usually usable, with a layer thickness of approximately 60 to approximately 120 cm being preferred, for example, for pasty filling material, in particular in larger systems, while, for example, material with lower density and at the same time higher Strength can successfully use layer thicknesses of up to 250 cm and more with the best process economy.
  • the lower limit of the layer thickness of the reaction space 4 is also determined by the space requirement of the lamella walls and the internal fittings of the reaction space, and by a required minimum distance between the lamella walls for the purpose of mechanically filling the reaction space 4 by means of conventional filling devices.
  • sewage sludge, organic residues and / or other organic waste from small and medium-sized polluters in many cases even a container of only about three to four meters in height is sufficient.
  • the cost-effectiveness limit is often already fallen short of, so that there are difficulties in marketing them, although this does not change their functionality.
  • the device according to the invention consists of a heat-insulated, rectangular or square bioreactor container 1 3 with two pairs of at least approximately plane-parallel lamella walls 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, in particular those of the same size and geometry, i.e. with two reaction spaces 1 5a, 15b essentially rectangular horizontal cross section.
  • design variants with three or more, preferably an even number, of such reaction spaces 15a, 15b are also feasible, although such systems have certain constructional and cost-related disadvantages.
  • Embodiments with one or more reaction spaces 30, 31 closed in a ring are likewise fundamentally producible, but have considerable constructional and / or procedural disadvantages. no matter whether triangular, polygonal or round cross-section.
  • the two air-permeable lamella walls 29a, 29b, 32a, 32b of each pair are arranged essentially concentrically one inside the other, preferably concentrically around an imaginary vertical longitudinal axis of the reactor vessel.
  • a constant layer thickness of the two reaction spaces 15a, 15b is ensured without having to accept the disadvantage of a narrowing of the cross-section. It is fundamentally possible to lead the supply air inwards from the two outside air spaces 1 6a, 1 6b into an exhaust air space or vice versa.
  • the centripetal air flow - i.e. from the outside inwards - has certain advantages, particularly with regard to the collection of warm exhaust air in the head space 1 7a of the exhaust air area 1 7 and with regard to the installation of a heat exchanger and / or condensate trap in the exhaust air area 1 7 .
  • the container 13 tapers - primarily for receiving and discharging the finished material - below the inner, horizontal container bottom 19 in a funnel shape and opens into a closable outlet opening 21. Between the tank bottom 19 and the outlet opening 21 there is an air space 20 which is connected to at least one supply air line 22.
  • the container bottom 1 9 is designed to be air-permeable in the area outside the exhaust air zone 1 7, that is to say in the area of the supply air and reaction spaces 1 5 a, 1 5 b above it, in particular in the form of a perforated bottom with perforated flaps 25 for emptying the container.
  • the supply air is introduced into the space 20 below the tank bottom 19, forcibly flows through the holes in the perforated base and penetrates the reaction spaces 1 5a, 1 5b from below and through the supply air areas 1 6a, 1 6b.
  • the inflow of below has the particular advantage that the organic material in the floor area, which often tends to clump together and is therefore poorly supplied with air, is adequately ventilated and loosened.
  • the device according to the invention also contains, preferably in each embodiment, at least one, preferably at least two closable openings, in particular flaps 25, in the container bottom 1 9 in the area of the reaction spaces 1 5a, 1 5b, which on the one hand withstand the contact pressure caused by the filling material and on the other hand one enable easy emptying of the bioreactor contents.
  • the device according to the present invention contains at least one supply air line 22 per supply air space and at least one exhaust air line 23 per exhaust air space, as well as fans, valves, flaps, etc. in an arrangement which makes it possible to either push or close the air flow through the reaction spaces between the lamella walls suck or both, ie to press on the supply air side and to suck on the exhaust air side.
  • a combination of suction and draft fans installed on the supply and extract air side, together with controllable valves has proven to be the most suitable in order to be able to lead an even air flow through the reaction spaces.
  • the supply air line 22 also contains a regulable and / or controllable connection 28 to the exhaust air line 23 and / or to at least one external air source.
  • a regulable and / or controllable connection 28 to the exhaust air line 23 and / or to at least one external air source.
  • a particularly energy-saving embodiment of the device according to the invention also contains a heat exchanger (not shown in the figures) which transfers the waste heat from the exhaust air to the cooler supply air as quickly as possible.
  • a heat exchanger (not shown in the figures) which transfers the waste heat from the exhaust air to the cooler supply air as quickly as possible.
  • the bioreactor is preferably filled from above via a conveying and distributing device which distributes the filling material evenly into the reaction space via tightly closable openings, in particular filler flaps 24.
  • the device according to the invention with cyclically closed lamella walls or reaction spaces contains a device for discharging fermented and / or dried material.
  • this is a mechanically working discharge scraper which, depending on the type of device according to the invention, is attached to the bottom of the container (not shown in the figures) and transports the treated material from the bottom of the container to the emptying opening.
  • the device according to the invention also contains
  • Device for temperature, pH, humidity, CO2 and / or 02 probes which are attached to various points in the reaction spaces and / or air spaces, and in addition to controllable devices such as transport and conveying devices, inlet and outlet valves, flaps, Blowers, etc. also at least one regulating and / or control unit which enables the operation of the system to run fully automatically.
  • controllable devices such as transport and conveying devices, inlet and outlet valves, flaps, Blowers, etc.
  • this also makes it possible, in interaction with the various controllable elements, to optimally adjust the intensity and speed of the fermentation and / or drying depending on the type of the filling material and, if necessary, to correct the ventilation and / or dehumidification or humidification to make.
  • Example 1 Partial aerobic fermentation followed by drying
  • activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant is converted to organo-mineral fertilizer by rapid, aerobic partial fermentation and largely sterilized at temperatures up to 80 ° C (hygienized) and then in situ to a residual moisture content of less than 1 5 wt. % dried.
  • This means that the product can be stored indefinitely, largely free of unpleasant odors and, in addition to the mineral content, still contains a valuable amount of organic compounds, particularly those that are more slowly degradable.
  • another end product can also be produced with the device according to the invention, for example a hygienized fertilizer or soil conditioner made of non-toxic, decayed sewage sludge.
  • a hygienized fertilizer or soil conditioner made of non-toxic, decayed sewage sludge.
  • the importance of the mineral component naturally outweighs the organic residual component.
  • the organic material in this case not digested municipal sewage sludge, is formed into strand-like granules by means of a press and transported via a conveyor belt to a distribution device which slowly moves back and forth over the two parallel reaction spaces 15a, 15b.
  • the filling material is loosely passed through the opened filler flaps 24 of the bioreactor container 1 3 into the reaction spaces 15a, 15b with the support elements 27 and the support elements 26, in this case flat cylinders with a height of about 5 cm and a diameter of about 10 cm, suspended on cables. filled.
  • the entire container 1 3 of finished material from the previous batch was emptied beforehand, the elastically suspended ropes 27 being vibrated by means of a vibrating device to support the emptying.
  • Small amounts of residual material that adhere to the lamellae 18 and the support elements 26 are in no way disturbing, but rather serve as a positive contribution as inoculation material to accelerate the start of the microbiological degradation in the subsequent batch.
  • the lamellae 18 of the lamella walls 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, which form the two reaction spaces 15a, 15b, are set at an angle of 50 degrees (based on the horizontal) and thus effectively prevent that during the Filling material falls out of the reaction spaces or is pushed out.
  • the upper edges of the slats were at the same height as the lower edges of the slats above them.
  • the microbiological phase begins.
  • the slides and flaps 24, 25 in the container lid and bottom are closed.
  • the filling material lies loosely in the reaction spaces 1 5a, 1 5b between the lamella walls 14a, 14b or 14c, 14d and the support elements 26.
  • a certain amount of supply air is now blown in via a supply air space 20 below the tank bottom 19 by means of a blower installed on the supply air side through the perforation of the container bottom 19 and the flaps 25 and - supported by an extractor fan installed on the exhaust side - both from below and from the side via the fins 18 into the reaction spaces 15a, 15b, through the loose bed of organic material and sucked further into the exhaust air space 1 7.
  • the air flow takes over the oxygen supply of the microorganisms and transports heat, CO2 and moisture through the fins 18 in the direction of the exhaust air space 1 7. This mixture of used air and water vapor is sucked off via a pipe 23. It has proven to be advantageous to subsequently pass the exhaust air through a peat filter for further deodorization, in which microorganisms are also located, and then, if appropriate, into a chimney. If necessary, however, at least a partial flow of this exhaust air can be recirculated into the supply air flow in order to optimally adjust the humidity and temperature conditions.
  • the microorganisms break down the various organic substances, primarily sugar, fatty acids and protein compounds, into CO2 and residues, creating heat.
  • This heat drives the moisture to the surface of the filling material, from where it is blown away by the air is taken and cooled on a heat exchanger in the central exhaust air area 1 7 of the container 1 3 (not shown) by the colder, for example arriving at about 20-25 ° C, largely condensed and removed. Since normally only very small amounts of impurities such as ammonia can be found in the condensate, the condensate, which has a pH value of around 7.8 to 8, can be easily discharged into the sewage system. The remaining air-water vapor mixture goes into the chimney as previously described.
  • the amount of air required is determined on the basis of the measured values of some temperature, CO2 and moisture probes in the interior of the reactor and controlled via a controllable compensating valve in the supply air line 22 and, if appropriate, by changing the fan power and / or adjusting the angle of attack of the fins 18.
  • the process can also be supported and / or extended by at least partially recirculating the still moist or already condensed exhaust air via the connecting line 28.
  • the waste heat produced by the microorganisms continuously increases the temperature of the filling material and the air flowing through it slowly warms up to 80 ° C. This increases the absorption capacity for water vapor, which can be used to advantage in a subsequent drying phase. If, due to a too low proportion of usable organic matter, the self-heating by the microorganisms alone is not sufficient to reach and maintain the hygienisation temperature of around 70 to 80 ° C, the supply air may have to be additionally heated, despite preheating by a heat exchanger installed on the exhaust air side become.
  • the temperature in the reaction space begins to drop.
  • the microbiological phase ie the partial fermentation
  • the microbiological phase can be completed after a few, for example 10 to 15 hours, or only after a few days.
  • drying air is sucked through the treated product by means of a suction-pull blower.
  • fresh air is used or external air, such as, for example, odor-laden waste air from a digester, a production hall or an animal stall, is mixed in in any ratio or used entirely instead of fresh air.
  • the organic odorous substances in the outside air are removed by the biofilter effect of the microorganisms in the reaction spaces 15a, 15b and the outside air is deodorized in this way.
  • the treated, fermented and hygienized filling in this case reaches a final moisture content of less than 15% and is therefore indefinitely stable.
  • the heating of the supply air is switched off and a cooling phase of around one hour is initiated.
  • unheated supply air is drawn through the reaction rooms and the contents are cooled to ambient temperature.
  • the last blowers are then turned off, the lid and bottom flaps are opened, the container 13 is emptied with the support of the aforementioned vibrating device and a further quantity of fresh contents is poured into the reaction spaces 15a, 15b.
  • the process can start again.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif (1) de traitement aérobie de conditionnement et/ou de séchage de substances humides, sensiblement solides ou pâteuses, de préférence au moins partiellement organiques, qui comprend un récipient (2) contenant des parois lamellaires (3a, 3b) de type persiennes, jumelées, dont les lamelles sont de préférence réglables. Ces parois lamellaires (3a, 3b) constituent au moins une chambre de réaction (4), au moins une chambre d'amenée d'air (59) et au moins une chambre d'évacuation d'air (6). Ce récipient comprend en outre des éléments supports (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d) disposés dans la chambre de réaction (4), décalées dans l'espace, de manière à permettre la meilleure détente possible de la pression de la charge. Cette invention concerne en outre un procédé mis en oeuvre à l'aide dudit dispositif.
EP96900941A 1996-01-11 1996-01-11 Procede et dispositif de traitement aerobie de substances organiques Ceased EP0873286A1 (fr)

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PCT/EP1996/000110 WO1997025295A1 (fr) 1996-01-11 1996-01-11 Procede et dispositif de traitement aerobie de substances organiques

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EP0873286A1 true EP0873286A1 (fr) 1998-10-28

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EP (1) EP0873286A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU4485796A (fr)
WO (1) WO1997025295A1 (fr)

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US6065224A (en) 2000-05-23
WO1997025295A1 (fr) 1997-07-17
AU4485796A (en) 1997-08-01

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