EP0860678B1 - Armour in particular for vehicle - Google Patents

Armour in particular for vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0860678B1
EP0860678B1 EP98101796A EP98101796A EP0860678B1 EP 0860678 B1 EP0860678 B1 EP 0860678B1 EP 98101796 A EP98101796 A EP 98101796A EP 98101796 A EP98101796 A EP 98101796A EP 0860678 B1 EP0860678 B1 EP 0860678B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plate
armour
explosive
particles
vehicle
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EP98101796A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0860678A1 (en
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Manfred Dr. Schildknecht
Klaus Dr. Schlüter
Raimar Steuer
Karl Rudolf
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Diehl Stiftung and Co KG
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Diehl Stiftung and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/007—Reactive armour; Dynamic armour

Definitions

  • the invention relates to armor, in particular for a vehicle, with a collision plate and a arranged between this and a counter mass Explosive layer, being detonated by the Explosives layer the collision plate into the trajectory of an approaching projectile can be accelerated and the Counter mass absorbs reaction forces.
  • the object of the invention is to armor the entrance to propose the type mentioned, in which the of the vehicle Thrown plate on your flight no threat forms.
  • the counterplate dampens the explosive occupancy of the Collision plate for pulse amplification during detonation of the explosives.
  • the counter plate initially acts as a counter mass for the Inclusion of the reaction forces in the trajectory of the attacking projectile accelerated collision plate, the one hitting the collision plate Projectile due to disruption or destruction of the original Punch is taken.
  • the counter plate then disintegrates into particles that are flung away during flight be slowed down in the air. By the decay of the Counterplate and the degradation of their kinetic energy make the flying particles no essential Threat.
  • the counter plate is preferably made of metal powder or Made of metal beads.
  • the particles can pass through Sintering or bonding or cementing.
  • the binding is chosen so strong that the Counter plate for assembly, transport and under the Operating conditions of the vehicle are adequate Has firmness; on the other hand, it is chosen so weakly that the counter plate in the detonation of the explosive disintegrates into their particles or particle clumps, which in Flight after a comparatively short flight distance, for example 30 m, on a harmless Speed has slowed down.
  • To increase the Efficiency during the acceleration phase is preferably between the explosive layer and the Countermass a film or a thin plate from one ductile material arranged.
  • This film or thin plate has because of its low basis weight only a short flight distance. she prevents premature disassembly of the counter mass through the swath flow.
  • An armored cassette (1) has a frame box (2) on the basic armor (3) of a combat vehicle is to be attached. Adjacent to the basic armor (3) the frame box (2) carries a floor (4) on which one flat damping plate (5) made of energy absorbing Material is arranged. The bottom (4) can also be an integral part of the damping plate (5).
  • a collision plate (6) installed at a distance (A) from the damping plate (5) is in the Frame box (2) .
  • This consists of high-strength aluminum, steel, titanium or Heavy metals or their alloys.
  • the distance (A) offers a free flight path for the collision plate (6). It is approximately 30 mm to 1000 mm, preferably 200 mm to 400 mm.
  • an explosive layer (7) On the side of the damping plate (5) facing away from the Collision plate (6) is an explosive layer (7) provided, in which a not shown in Figure 1 Ignition element is integrated. To increase security a known EFI ignition element is used, the contains no primary explosive and with an electrical one accelerated slide works.
  • the explosive layer (7) is a counter plate (8) arranged on the surface facing away from the collision plate (6).
  • This has one made of bound particles existing structure.
  • the particles are made of one material high specific weight, for example tungsten or its alloys, iron or steel or heavy metals.
  • the particle size is between 0.001 mm and 1 mm, preferably between 0.1 mm and 0.3 mm. Prefers particles of the same grain size are used.
  • the particles are bound to the counterplate (8) in a sintering process or adhesive, - or Cementation process.
  • the binding is chosen so that the bond bridges between the particles when passing through the detonation wave the detonation of the Explosives (7) and the counterplate (8) in as many parts as possible, preferably in the Particles, disintegrates.
  • the counterplate (8) is covered by a cover plate (9) Armored cassette (1) protected.
  • the cover plate (9) consists for example of comparatively thin Aluminum or sheet metal. It can also spread over several Armor cartridges extend.
  • the explosive layer (7) When the explosive layer (7) is ignited, it is transmitted the resulting pressure pulse on the collision plate (6). Due to pressure reflections on the counter plate (8) increases the one acting on the collision plate (6) Strong pressure, so that the collision plate (6) with high Speed in direction (B) to the damping plate (5) flies.
  • the ignition is controlled so that the Collision plate (6) on its trajectory with one in the Cassette penetrating projectile or penetrator meets, preferably in the front Third to front half.
  • the penetrator loses thereby his original breakthrough performance, so that he in any case, no longer penetrate the basic armor can.
  • the kinetic energy of the collision plate (6) is absorbed on the damping plate (5).
  • the particles fly in Direction of the arrows (C) fan outward and are in braked the air so that it was already in a few meters are harmless from the vehicle.
  • the metal foil (19) has due to the low basis weight only a small one Flight distance.
  • the ignition of the respective armor cassette (1a to 1k) takes place via a selection computer (10) (cf. FIG. 3) which over lines (10 ') with the ignition elements of the Armored cartridges is connected and that by means of a Sensor (11) with antenna the trajectory of an approaching Projectile by distance, azimuth and elevation angle recorded and by means of a suitable algorithm Impact point and the cassette to be ignited are calculated.
  • Sensors (11) are suitable for radar sensors, UV or IR sensors, through appropriate antenna arrangements, for example phased array radar antennas or imaging sensor surfaces (focal plane arrays) for desired detection. Detection can also the type of projectile approaching can be recognized.
  • Ignition with the help of an externally controlled Ignition element has compared to the previously known solutions the advantage that an explosive (7) with lower Sensitivity can be used towards an unintended triggering a high security having.
  • the active armor By the interaction of the active armor with the Sensor and the evaluation algorithm of the selection computer (10) it is possible to make the the to align the projectile with a suitable cassette.
  • the evaluation algorithm can determine the ignition timing so control that one for the disruption or destruction of the approaching projectile optimal encounter situation reached between this and the collision plate (6) becomes.
  • a radar sensor is preferably used, which is located below Taking advantage of the Doppler effect the speed of the approaching projectile, through the swiveling Beam of a phased array antenna array Projectile angular direction in elevation and azimuth determined and at runtime or phase measurements different frequencies the distance of the projectile detected. By the information about speed, The reflective cross section and reflective signature can do that approaching projectile are classified, creating a unnecessary triggering of armor cartridges avoided can be.
  • FIG 4 shows an application example.
  • Impact point (T) calculated on the edge of the Armored cassette (1c) lies. It is ignited in the appropriate In this case, the time is not the armor cassette (1c), but the adjacent armor cassette (1b), wherein the penetrator (P) the armor cassette (1c) in Strikes through the corner area and then on the in the Armored cassette (1b) accelerated collision plate (6) where his penetration is consumed.
  • FIG. 5 In the embodiment of Figure 5 is except the described armor cassettes another armor (12) shown on the front of an armored vehicle.
  • This Armor (12) points like the armor cassette (1) between a collision plate (6) and a counter plate (8) an explosive layer (7), as above are designed and work as described.
  • the Collision plate (6) is in one at the bottom of the Vehicle or shaft open to the ground (13) arranged.
  • the damping plate (5) is not necessary here.
  • the collision plate (6) flies through the Shaft (13) and leaves it down.
  • the vehicle is hardly affected by the kinetic energy of the Collision plate (6) loaded.
  • the down Collision plate (6) flying out does not provide any Threat to the team.
  • the plate (8) constructed from bound particles Counter mass to the collision plate (6).
  • Another one Execution is the collision plate itself - as above described - from bound particles.
  • the base armor (3) is used as a countermass, wherein the explosive layer (7) between the Basic armor (3) and that of bound particles existing collision plate is arranged.
  • the connection the particle of the collision plate is at Production set so that the collision plate only disintegrates into particles when the projectile Has hit the collision plate or its Breakthrough performance has reduced so that it Basic armor can no longer penetrate.
  • a cassette arrangement similar to that in Figure 3 can be provided in which the cassettes individually are ignitable.
  • the mode of operation is in this alternative version about the following:
  • the Base armor acts as a countermass. Then if that Projectile hits or hits the collision plate breaks through, the collision plate disintegrates into particles or parts like this when flying in the air be braked so that after only a few meters Flight route no longer pose a serious threat.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Panzerung, insbesondere für ein Fahrzeug, mit einer Kollisionsplatte und einer zwischen dieser und einer Gegenmasse angeordneten Sprengstoffschicht, wobei durch die Detonation der Sprengstoffschicht die Kollisionsplatte in die Flugbahn eines anfliegenden Projektils beschleunigbar ist und die Gegenmasse Reaktionskräfte aufnimmt.The invention relates to armor, in particular for a vehicle, with a collision plate and a arranged between this and a counter mass Explosive layer, being detonated by the Explosives layer the collision plate into the trajectory of an approaching projectile can be accelerated and the Counter mass absorbs reaction forces.

In den WO-A-87 05 994 und DE 195 05 629 A1 sind Panzerungen entsprechend dem vorgenannten Oberbegriff beschrieben, bei der die Gegenmasse von einer durch die Detonation der Sprengstoffschicht weggeschleuderten Gegenplatte gebildet ist. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß die Struktur des gepanzerten Fahrzeugs nicht so stabil ausgelegt sein muß, daß sie alle Reaktionskräfte aufnimmt, die beim Beschleunigen der Kollisionsplatte entstehen. Von Nachteil ist jedoch, daß die vom Fahrzeug weggeschleuderte Platte mit großer Geschwindigkeit über eine große Entfernung ungezielt fliegt und dabei eine Bedrohung für die eigene Mannschaft darstellen kann.In WO-A-87 05 994 and DE 195 05 629 A1 armor is corresponding the aforementioned generic term described, in which the counter mass of one by the Detonation of the explosive layer thrown away Counter plate is formed. This has the advantage that the Structure of the armored vehicle is not as stable must be designed so that they have all reaction forces picks up when accelerating the collision plate arise. The disadvantage, however, is that of the vehicle disc hurled away at high speed flies a long distance undirected while doing one Can pose a threat to your own team.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Panzerung der eingangs genannten Art vorzuschlagen, bei der die vom Fahrzeug weggeschleuderte Platte auf Ihrem Flug keine Bedrohung bildet.The object of the invention is to armor the entrance to propose the type mentioned, in which the of the vehicle Thrown plate on your flight no threat forms.

Erfindungsgemäß ist obige Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.According to the invention, the above object is characterized by the features of Claim 1 solved.

Die Gegenplatte verdämmt die Sprengstoffbelegung der Kollisionsplatte zur Impulsverstärkung bei der Detonation des Sprengstoffs. Bei der Detonation des Sprengstoffs wirkt die Gegenplatte zunächst als Gegenmasse für die Aufnahme der Reaktionskräfte der in die Flugbahn des angreifenden Projektils beschleunigten Kollisionsplatte, wobei dem auf die Kollisionsplatte auftreffenden Projektil durch Störung oder Zerstörung die ursprüngliche Durchschlagleistung genommen wird. Die Gegenplatte zerfällt dann in weggeschleuderte Partikel, die beim Flug in der Luft abgebremst werden. Durch den Zerfall der Gegenplatte und den Abbau ihrer kinetischen Energie stellen die fliegenden Partikel keine wesentliche Bedrohung dar.The counterplate dampens the explosive occupancy of the Collision plate for pulse amplification during detonation of the explosives. When detonating the explosives the counter plate initially acts as a counter mass for the Inclusion of the reaction forces in the trajectory of the attacking projectile accelerated collision plate, the one hitting the collision plate Projectile due to disruption or destruction of the original Punch is taken. The counter plate then disintegrates into particles that are flung away during flight be slowed down in the air. By the decay of the Counterplate and the degradation of their kinetic energy make the flying particles no essential Threat.

Die Gegenplatte ist vorzugsweise aus Metallpulver oder Metallkügelchen hergestellt. Die Partikel können durch Sintern oder Verkleben oder Zementieren gebunden sein. Die Bindung ist einerseits so stark gewählt, daß die Gegenplatte für die Montage, den Transport und unter den Einsatzbedingungen des Fahrzeugs eine hinreichende Festigkeit hat; sie ist andererseits so schwach gewählt, daß die Gegenplatte bei der Detonation des Sprengstoffs in ihre Partikel oder Partikelklumpen zerfällt, die im Flug schon nach einer vergleichsweise kurzen Flugstrecke, beispielsweise 30 m, auf eine ungefährliche Geschwindigkeit abgebremst sind. Zur Steigerung der Effizienz während der Beschleunigungsphase ist vorzugsweise zwischen der Sprengstoffschicht und der Gegenmasse eine Folie oder eine dünne Platte aus einem duktilen Material angeordnet.The counter plate is preferably made of metal powder or Made of metal beads. The particles can pass through Sintering or bonding or cementing. The binding is chosen so strong that the Counter plate for assembly, transport and under the Operating conditions of the vehicle are adequate Has firmness; on the other hand, it is chosen so weakly that the counter plate in the detonation of the explosive disintegrates into their particles or particle clumps, which in Flight after a comparatively short flight distance, for example 30 m, on a harmless Speed has slowed down. To increase the Efficiency during the acceleration phase is preferably between the explosive layer and the Countermass a film or a thin plate from one ductile material arranged.

Diese Folie bzw. die dünne Platte hat wegen ihres geringen Flächengewichts nur eine geringe Flugweite. Sie verhindert eine frühzeitige Zerlegung der Gegenmasse durch die Schwadenströmung.This film or thin plate has because of its low basis weight only a short flight distance. she prevents premature disassembly of the counter mass through the swath flow.

Eine andere Lösung der Aufgabe ist durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 6 gekennzeichnet. Another solution to the problem is through the features of Claim 6 characterized.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und der folgenden Beschreibung. In der Zeichnung zeigen:

  • Figur 1 eine Panzerungskassette,
  • Figur 2 die Panzerungskassette bei der Detonation,
  • Figur 3 eine Gruppe von Panzerungskassetten an der Front eines Kampffahrzeugs,
  • Figur 4 eine Gruppe von Panzerungskassetten mit angreifendem Projektil und
  • Figur 5 eine alternative Panzerung.
    • Exemplary embodiments of the invention result from the subclaims and the following description. The drawing shows:
  • FIG. 1 shows an armored cassette,
  • FIG. 2 shows the armor cassette during the detonation,
  • FIG. 3 shows a group of armored cassettes on the front of a combat vehicle,
  • Figure 4 shows a group of armored cartridges with attacking projectile and
  • Figure 5 shows an alternative armor.

    • Eine Panzerungskassette(1) weist einen Rahmenkasten(2) auf, der an einer Grundpanzerung(3) eines Kampffahrzeugs anzubringen ist. Angrenzend an die Grundpanzerung(3) trägt der Rahmenkasten(2) einen Boden(4), auf dem eine flächige Dämpfungsplatte(5) aus Energie absorbierendem Material angeordnet ist. Der Boden(4) kann auch integraler Bestandteil der Dämpfungsplatte(5) sein.An armored cassette (1) has a frame box (2) on the basic armor (3) of a combat vehicle is to be attached. Adjacent to the basic armor (3) the frame box (2) carries a floor (4) on which one flat damping plate (5) made of energy absorbing Material is arranged. The bottom (4) can also be an integral part of the damping plate (5).

    In einem Abstand(A) von der Dämpfungsplatte(5) ist in den Rahmenkasten(2) eine Kollisionsplatte(6) eingebaut. Diese besteht aus hochfestem Aluminium, Stahl, Titan oder Schwermetallen oder deren Legierungen. Der Abstand(A) bietet eine freie Flugstrecke für die Kollisionsplatte (6). Er beträgt etwa 30 mm bis 1000 mm, vorzugsweise 200 mm bis 400 mm.At a distance (A) from the damping plate (5) is in the Frame box (2) a collision plate (6) installed. This consists of high-strength aluminum, steel, titanium or Heavy metals or their alloys. The distance (A) offers a free flight path for the collision plate (6). It is approximately 30 mm to 1000 mm, preferably 200 mm to 400 mm.

    Auf der der Dämpfungsplatte(5) abgewandten Seite der Kollisionsplatte(6) ist eine Sprengstoffschicht(7) vorgesehen, in die ein in Figur 1 nicht dargestelltes Zündelement integriert ist. Zur Erhöhung der Sicherheit wird ein an sich bekanntes EFI-Zündelement verwendet, das keinen Primärsprengstoff enthält und mit einer elektrisch beschleunigten Folie arbeitet.On the side of the damping plate (5) facing away from the Collision plate (6) is an explosive layer (7) provided, in which a not shown in Figure 1 Ignition element is integrated. To increase security a known EFI ignition element is used, the contains no primary explosive and with an electrical one accelerated slide works.

    Auf der der Kollisionsplatte(6) abgewandten Oberfläche der Sprengstoffschicht(7) ist eine Gegenplatte(8) angeordnet. Diese hat eine aus gebundenen Partikeln bestehende Struktur. Die Partikel sind aus einem Material hohen spezifischen Gewichts, beispielsweise Wolfram oder seinen Legierungen, Eisen oder Stahl oder Schwermetallen. Die Körnung der Partikel liegt zwischen 0,001 mm und 1 mm, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,1 mm und 0,3 mm. Bevorzugt werden Partikel gleicher Körnung verwendet.On the surface facing away from the collision plate (6) the explosive layer (7) is a counter plate (8) arranged. This has one made of bound particles existing structure. The particles are made of one material high specific weight, for example tungsten or its alloys, iron or steel or heavy metals. The particle size is between 0.001 mm and 1 mm, preferably between 0.1 mm and 0.3 mm. Prefers particles of the same grain size are used.

    Zur Steigerung der Effizienz während der Beschleunigungsphase ist vorzugsweise zwischen der Sprengstoffschicht(7) und der Gegenmasse(8) eine Metallfolie(19) oder eine dünne Platte(20) aus einem duktilen Material, vorzugsweise Metall, angeordnet. Sie verhindert ein frühzeitiges Zerlegen der Gegenmasse(8) während des Beschleunigungsvorganges.To increase efficiency during the Acceleration phase is preferably between the Explosive layer (7) and the counterweight (8) one Metal foil (19) or a thin plate (20) from one ductile material, preferably metal, arranged. she prevents premature disassembly of the counter mass (8) during the acceleration process.

    Die Bindung der Partikel zu der Gegenplatte(8) erfolgt in einem Sinterverfahren oder Klebe,- oder Zementierungsverfahren. Die Bindung ist so gewählt, daß die zwischen den Partikeln bestehenden Bindungsbrücken beim Durchlauf der Detonationswelle der Detonation des Sprengstoffs(7) zerstört werden und die Gegenplatte(8) dabei in möglichst viele Teile, vorzugsweise in die Partikel, zerfällt.The particles are bound to the counterplate (8) in a sintering process or adhesive, - or Cementation process. The binding is chosen so that the bond bridges between the particles when passing through the detonation wave the detonation of the Explosives (7) and the counterplate (8) in as many parts as possible, preferably in the Particles, disintegrates.

    Die Gegenplatte(8) ist durch eine Abdeckplatte(9) der Panzerungskassette(1) geschützt. Die Abdeckplatte(9) besteht beispielsweise aus vergleichsweise dünnem Aluminium oder Blech. Sie kann sich auch über mehrere Panzerungskassetten erstrecken.The counterplate (8) is covered by a cover plate (9) Armored cassette (1) protected. The cover plate (9) consists for example of comparatively thin Aluminum or sheet metal. It can also spread over several Armor cartridges extend.

    Die Funktionsweise der beschriebenen Panzerungskassette (1) ist etwa folgende (vgl. Figur 2):How the armored cassette described works (1) is about the following (see Figure 2):

    Bei der Zündung der Sprengstoffschicht(7) überträgt sich der entstehende Druckimpuls auf die Kollisionsplatte(6). Aufgrund von Druckreflexionen an der Gegenplatte(8) erhöht sich der auf die Kollisionsplatte(6) wirkende Druck stark, so daß die Kollisionsplatte(6) mit hoher Geschwindigkeit in Richtung(B) auf die Dämpfungsplatte(5) fliegt. Die Zündung wird so gesteuert, daß die Kollisionsplatte(6) auf ihrer Flugbahn mit einem in die Kassette eindringenden Projektil oder Penetrator zusammentrifft und zwar vorzugsweise in dessen vorderen Drittel bis vorderer Hälfte. Der Penetrator verliert dabei seine ursprüngliche Durchschlagsleistung, so daß er jedenfalls die Grundpanzerung nicht mehr durchschlagen kann. Die kinetische Energie der Kollisionsplatte(6) wird an der Dämpfungsplatte(5) absorbiert.When the explosive layer (7) is ignited, it is transmitted the resulting pressure pulse on the collision plate (6). Due to pressure reflections on the counter plate (8) increases the one acting on the collision plate (6) Strong pressure, so that the collision plate (6) with high Speed in direction (B) to the damping plate (5) flies. The ignition is controlled so that the Collision plate (6) on its trajectory with one in the Cassette penetrating projectile or penetrator meets, preferably in the front Third to front half. The penetrator loses thereby his original breakthrough performance, so that he in any case, no longer penetrate the basic armor can. The kinetic energy of the collision plate (6) is absorbed on the damping plate (5).

    Bei der Detonation der Sprengstoffschicht(7), die Sprengstoffschwaden(7') bildet, zerlegt sich die Gegenplatte(8) in eine Partikelwolke(8'), wobei die Abdeckplatte(9) aufplatzt. Die Partikel fliegen in Richtung der Pfeile(C) gefächert nach außen und werden in der Luft abgebremst, so daß sie schon in einigen Metern vom Fahrzeug ungefährlich sind. Die Metallfolie(19) hat aufgrund des geringen Flächengewichts nur eine geringe Flugweite.When the explosive layer (7) detonates, the Forms explosive swaths (7 '), the decomposes Counter plate (8) in a particle cloud (8 '), the Cover plate (9) bursts open. The particles fly in Direction of the arrows (C) fan outward and are in braked the air so that it was already in a few meters are harmless from the vehicle. The metal foil (19) has due to the low basis weight only a small one Flight distance.

    Die Zündung der jeweiligen Panzerungskassette(1a bis 1k) erfolgt über einen Auswahlrechner(10) (vgl. Figur 3), der über Leitungen(10') mit den Zündelementen der Panzerungskassetten verbunden ist und der mittels eines Sensors(11) mit Antenne die Flugbahn eines anfliegenden Projektils nach Entfernung, Azimut und Elevationswinkel erfaßt und mittels eines geeigneten Algorithmusses den Auftreffpunkt und die zu zündende Kassette errechnet. Als Sensoren(11) eignen sich Radarsensoren, UV- oder IR-Sensoren, die durch entsprechende Antennenanordnungen, beispielsweise phased-array-Radarantennen oder bildgebende Sensorflächen (focal plane arrays) zur gewünschten Detektion führen. Bei der Detektion kann auch die Art des anfliegenden Projektils erkannt werden.The ignition of the respective armor cassette (1a to 1k) takes place via a selection computer (10) (cf. FIG. 3) which over lines (10 ') with the ignition elements of the Armored cartridges is connected and that by means of a Sensor (11) with antenna the trajectory of an approaching Projectile by distance, azimuth and elevation angle recorded and by means of a suitable algorithm Impact point and the cassette to be ignited are calculated. As Sensors (11) are suitable for radar sensors, UV or IR sensors, through appropriate antenna arrangements, for example phased array radar antennas or imaging sensor surfaces (focal plane arrays) for desired detection. Detection can also the type of projectile approaching can be recognized.

    Die Zündung mit Hilfe eines extern angesteuerten Zündelements hat gegenüber den bisher bekannten Lösungen den Vorteil, daß ein Sprengstoff(7) mit niedriger Empfindlichkeit eingesetzt werden kann, der gegenüber einer unbeabsichtigten Auslösung eine hohe Sicherheit aufweist.Ignition with the help of an externally controlled Ignition element has compared to the previously known solutions the advantage that an explosive (7) with lower Sensitivity can be used towards an unintended triggering a high security having.

    Durch das Zusammenwirken der aktiven Panzerung mit dem Sensor und dem Auswertealgorithmus des Auswahlrechners (10) ist es möglich, die zum Unschädlichmachen des anfliegenden Projektils geeignete Kassette auszurichten. Dadurch wird, gegenüber heutigen Anordnungen, bei denen die Initiierung des Sprengstoffs(7) durch den Impuls des Geschosses erfolgt, vermieden, daß im Falle eines ungünstigen Auftreffpunkts, z.B. im oberen Bereich der Kassette(1), die Kollisionsplatte(6) keine Schutzwirkung entfaltet. Der Auswertealgorithmus kann den Zündzeitpunkt so steuern, daß eine für die Störung oder Zerstörung des anfliegenden Projektils optimale Begegnungssituation zwischen diesem und der Kollisionsplatte(6) erreicht wird.By the interaction of the active armor with the Sensor and the evaluation algorithm of the selection computer (10) it is possible to make the the to align the projectile with a suitable cassette. As a result, compared to today's arrangements in which the initiation of the explosive (7) by the impulse of the Projectile takes place, avoided that in the case of a unfavorable impact point, e.g. in the upper part of the Cassette (1), the collision plate (6) no protective effect unfolded. The evaluation algorithm can determine the ignition timing so control that one for the disruption or destruction of the approaching projectile optimal encounter situation reached between this and the collision plate (6) becomes.

    Vorzugsweise wird ein Radarsensor verwendet, der unter Ausnutzung des Dopplereffekts die Geschwindigkeit des anfliegenden Projektils mißt, durch den schwenkbaren Strahl einer phased-array-Antennenanordnung die Winkelrichtung des Projektils in Elevation und Azimut ermittelt und über Laufzeit- bzw. Phasenmessungen bei verschiedenen Frequenzen die Entfernung des Projektils erfaßt. Durch die Information über Geschwindigkeit, Rückstrahlquerschnitt und Rückstrahlsignatur kann das anfliegende Projektil klassifiziert werden, wodurch eine unnötige Auslösung von Panzerungskassetten vermieden werden kann.A radar sensor is preferably used, which is located below Taking advantage of the Doppler effect the speed of the approaching projectile, through the swiveling Beam of a phased array antenna array Projectile angular direction in elevation and azimuth determined and at runtime or phase measurements different frequencies the distance of the projectile detected. By the information about speed, The reflective cross section and reflective signature can do that approaching projectile are classified, creating a unnecessary triggering of armor cartridges avoided can be.

    Figur 4 zeigt ein Einsatzbeispiel. Für einen angreifenden Penetrator(P) ist bei der gezeigten Flugrichtung(F) ein Auftreffpunkt(T) berechnet, der am Rand der Panzerungskassette(1c) liegt. Gezündet wird im geeigneten Zeitpunkt in diesem Fall nicht die Panzerungskassette (1c), sondern die danebenliegende Panzerungskassette(1b), wobei der Penetrator(P) die Panzerungskassette(1c) im Eckbereich durchschlägt und dann auf die in der Panzerungskassette(1b) beschleunigte Kollisionsplatte(6) trifft, an der seine Durchschlagleistung verbraucht wird.Figure 4 shows an application example. For an attacking Penetrator (P) is in the flight direction (F) shown Impact point (T) calculated on the edge of the Armored cassette (1c) lies. It is ignited in the appropriate In this case, the time is not the armor cassette (1c), but the adjacent armor cassette (1b), wherein the penetrator (P) the armor cassette (1c) in Strikes through the corner area and then on the in the Armored cassette (1b) accelerated collision plate (6) where his penetration is consumed.

    Beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 5 ist außer den beschriebenen Panzerungskassetten eine weitere Panzerung (12) an der Front eines Panzerfahrzeugs gezeigt. Diese Panzerung(12) weist wie die Panzerungskassette(1) zwischen einer Kollisionsplatte(6) und einer Gegenplatte (8) eine Sprengstoffschicht(7) auf, die wie oben beschrieben gestaltet sind und wirken. Die Kollisionsplatte(6) ist in einem an der Unterseite des Fahrzeugs bzw. zum Erdboden offenen Schacht(13) angeordnet. Die Dämpfungsplatte(5) erübrigt sich hier. Bei der Zündung fliegt die Kollisionsplatte(6) durch den Schacht(13) und verläßt diesen nach unten. Das Fahrzeug wird dabei kaum durch die kinetische Energie der Kollisionsplatte(6) belastet. Die nach unten herausfliegende Kollisionsplatte(6) stellt keine Gefährdung für die Mannschaft dar.In the embodiment of Figure 5 is except the described armor cassettes another armor (12) shown on the front of an armored vehicle. This Armor (12) points like the armor cassette (1) between a collision plate (6) and a counter plate (8) an explosive layer (7), as above are designed and work as described. The Collision plate (6) is in one at the bottom of the Vehicle or shaft open to the ground (13) arranged. The damping plate (5) is not necessary here. Upon ignition, the collision plate (6) flies through the Shaft (13) and leaves it down. The vehicle is hardly affected by the kinetic energy of the Collision plate (6) loaded. The down Collision plate (6) flying out does not provide any Threat to the team.

    Bei den oben beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen bildet die aus gebundenen Partikeln aufgebaute Platte(8) die Gegenmasse zur Kollisionsplatte(6). Bei einer anderen Ausführung besteht die Kollisionsplatte selbst - wie oben beschrieben - aus gebundenen Partikeln. In diesem Falle wird die Grundpanzerung(3) als Gegenmasse verwendet, wobei die Sprengstoffschicht(7) zwischen der Grundpanzerung(3) und der aus gebundenen Partikeln bestehenden Kollisionsplatte angeordnet ist. Die Bindung der Partikel der Kollisionsplatte wird dabei bei der Herstellung so eingestellt, daß die Kollisionsplatte erst in ihre Partikel zerfällt, wenn das Projektil die Kollisionsplatte durchschlagen hat oder dessen Durchschlagleistung derart abgebaut hat, daß es die Grundpanzerung nicht mehr durchschlagen kann. Auch in diesem Fall kann eine Kassettenanordnung ähnlich wie in Figur 3 vorgesehen sein, bei der die Kassetten einzeln zündbar sind.Forms in the above-described embodiments the plate (8) constructed from bound particles Counter mass to the collision plate (6). Another one Execution is the collision plate itself - as above described - from bound particles. In this case the base armor (3) is used as a countermass, wherein the explosive layer (7) between the Basic armor (3) and that of bound particles existing collision plate is arranged. The connection the particle of the collision plate is at Production set so that the collision plate only disintegrates into particles when the projectile Has hit the collision plate or its Breakthrough performance has reduced so that it Basic armor can no longer penetrate. Also in In this case, a cassette arrangement similar to that in Figure 3 can be provided in which the cassettes individually are ignitable.

    Die Wirkungsweise ist bei dieser alternativen Ausführung etwa folgende:The mode of operation is in this alternative version about the following:

    Durch die Zündung der Sprengstoffschicht wird die Kollisionsplatte vom Fahrzeug weg in die Flugbahn des anfliegenden Projektils beschleunigt, wobei die Grundpanzerung als Gegenmasse wirkt. Wenn dann das Projektil auf die Kollisionsplatte trifft oder diese durchschlägt, zerfällt die Kollisionsplatte in Partikel oder Teile, die bei ihrem Flug in der Luft derart abgebremst werden, daß sie schon nach einigen Metern Flugstrecke keine ernsthafte Bedrohung mehr darstellen.By igniting the explosive layer, the Collision plate away from the vehicle into the trajectory of the approaching projectile accelerated, the Base armor acts as a countermass. Then if that Projectile hits or hits the collision plate breaks through, the collision plate disintegrates into particles or parts like this when flying in the air be braked so that after only a few meters Flight route no longer pose a serious threat.

    Claims (14)

    1. Armour-plating, in particular for a vehicle, with a collision plate, a counter plate and a layer of explosive disposed between these plates, the collision plate being accelerated into the path of an approaching projectile by means of detonating the layer of explosive, and the counter plate absorbing the reaction forces and flying off,
      characterized in that
      the counter plate (8) has a granular structure, consisting of particles, in which the particles are bound together in such a way that the counter plate (8) disintegrates on detonation of the explosive.
    2. Armour-plating according to Claim 1,
      characterized in that
      a metal foil (19) or a thin plate (20) made of ductile, metallic material is disposed between the layer of explosive (7) and the counter plate (8).
    3. Armour-plating according to Claim 1,
      characterized in that
      the counter plate (8) is disposed in such a way that its particles are flung away from the vehicle on detonation of the layer of explosive (7).
    4. Armour-plating according to Claim 3,
      characterized in that
      the collision plate (6) is disposed in such a way that it is flung towards a basic armour-plating (3) of the vehicle on detonation of the layer of explosive (7).
    5. Armour-plating according to Claim 4,
      characterized in that
      a damping plate (5) is disposed on the vehicle in such a way that the collision plate (6) strikes it.
    6. Armour-plating according to Claim 1 or 3,
      characterized in that
      the collision plate (6) is disposed in a chute or shaft (13) of the vehicle in such a way that, on detonation of the layer of explosive (7), said collision plate (6) exits the vehicle in a downward direction.
    7. Armour-plating according to Claim 1,
      characterized in that
      both the collision plate (6) and the counter plate (8) have a granular structure consisting of particles, in which the particles are bound together in such a way that the collision plate disintegrates after colliding with the projectile.
    8. Armour-plating according to Claim 7,
      characterized in that
      a basic armour-plating (3) of the vehicle forms the counter mass and the collision plate is disposed in such a way that it is flung away from the vehicle on detonation of the layer of explosive.
    9. Armour-plating according to one of the preceding claims,
      characterized in that
      the particles are bound together in the plate by sintering, gluing or cementing.
    10. Armour-plating according to one of the preceding claims,
      characterized in that
      the particles consist of tungsten or its alloys, steel or heavy metals.
    11. Armour-plating according to one of the preceding claims,
      characterized in that
      the particles have a granulation between 1 mm and 0.001 mm, preferably between 0.3 mm and 0.1 mm.
    12. Armour-plating according to one of the preceding claims,
      characterized in that
      the plate composed of the particles and the layer of explosive (7) are in each case disposed in cartridges (la to 1k) which are secured to the vehicle, the layers of explosive being separately ignitable by means of detonating elements.
    13. Armour-plating according to Claims 12 and 5,
      characterized in that
      the counter plate (8), the layer of explosive (7), the collision plate (6) and the damping plate (5) are fitted into each armour-plating cartridge (1), a space (A) being provided between the damping plate (5) and the collision plate (6), said space delimiting the distance travelled by the collision plate (6).
    14. Armour-plating according to Claim 12 or 13,
      characterized in that
      the plate (8), lying on the outside of the armour-plating cartridge (1) and composed of the particles, is protected by means of a cover plate (9).
    EP98101796A 1997-02-22 1998-02-03 Armour in particular for vehicle Expired - Lifetime EP0860678B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE19707160 1997-02-22
    DE19707160A DE19707160C1 (en) 1997-02-22 1997-02-22 Reactive armor unit

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0860678A1 EP0860678A1 (en) 1998-08-26
    EP0860678B1 true EP0860678B1 (en) 2001-08-08

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    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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    DE19956197C2 (en) * 1999-11-23 2003-02-13 Dynamit Nobel Gmbh Reactive protection
    DE10119596A1 (en) * 2001-04-21 2002-10-24 Diehl Munitionssysteme Gmbh Reactive armor plate module comprises sawtooth-shaped sandwich structure made from laminate with high energy explosive layer between front plate and intermediate plate, flexible damping layer and back plate
    IL147881A (en) 2002-01-29 2011-08-31 Rafael Advanced Defense Sys Protective armor module
    DE50308926D1 (en) * 2003-09-16 2008-02-14 Geke Technologie Gmbh Combined protection arrangement
    DE102005056178A1 (en) 2005-11-25 2007-05-31 Rheinmetall Landsysteme Gmbh Active reactive armor
    IL186152A (en) * 2007-09-20 2014-04-30 Rafael Advanced Defense Sys Armor module
    DE102008043992B4 (en) 2008-11-21 2012-04-05 Schott Ag Transparent reactive armor
    DE102009048283B4 (en) * 2009-10-05 2013-04-25 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Protective element, vehicle and method for rendering invaders harmless
    AU2013377903B2 (en) 2012-11-20 2017-04-13 Tencate Advanced Armor Design, Inc. Multi-row panel active blast system
    JP6931647B2 (en) * 2015-10-22 2021-09-08 ダビデ、コーエンＤａｖｉｄ Ｃｏｈｅｎ Reactive armor
    AU2019206125B2 (en) * 2016-12-29 2020-09-10 Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. Reactive protection element
    IL249859B (en) * 2016-12-29 2020-09-30 Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd Reactive armour
    DE102017102174A1 (en) 2017-02-03 2018-08-09 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Intent protective element
    GR1010011B (en) * 2020-06-05 2021-05-25 Ανδρεας Παντελεημωνος Ζηνας Additional three-level system reinforcing and enhancing the dynamic armor of tanks via compressed ferromagnetic powder and electromagnetic amplification
    PL441910A1 (en) * 2022-08-01 2024-02-05 Wojskowy Instytut Techniczny Uzbrojenia Explosive reactive armour module

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    DE19707160C1 (en) 1998-10-22
    EP0860678A1 (en) 1998-08-26
    DE59801143D1 (en) 2001-09-13

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