EP0857256A1 - Pneumo-hydraulic converter for energy storage - Google Patents

Pneumo-hydraulic converter for energy storage

Info

Publication number
EP0857256A1
EP0857256A1 EP96934298A EP96934298A EP0857256A1 EP 0857256 A1 EP0857256 A1 EP 0857256A1 EP 96934298 A EP96934298 A EP 96934298A EP 96934298 A EP96934298 A EP 96934298A EP 0857256 A1 EP0857256 A1 EP 0857256A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pneumo
spaces
pressure
hydraulic converter
converter according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96934298A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0857256B1 (en
Inventor
Ivan Cyphelly
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0857256A1 publication Critical patent/EP0857256A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0857256B1 publication Critical patent/EP0857256B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/06—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor involving features specific to the use of a compressible medium, e.g. air, steam
    • F15B11/072—Combined pneumatic-hydraulic systems
    • F15B11/0725—Combined pneumatic-hydraulic systems with the driving energy being derived from a pneumatic system, a subsequent hydraulic system displacing or controlling the output element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B3/00—Intensifiers or fluid-pressure converters, e.g. pressure exchangers; Conveying pressure from one fluid system to another, without contact between the fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F5/00—Elements specially adapted for movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/20507—Type of prime mover
    • F15B2211/20515—Electric motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/2053—Type of pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/2053—Type of pump
    • F15B2211/20546—Type of pump variable capacity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/2053—Type of pump
    • F15B2211/20569—Type of pump capable of working as pump and motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/21—Systems with pressure sources other than pumps, e.g. with a pyrotechnical charge
    • F15B2211/214—Systems with pressure sources other than pumps, e.g. with a pyrotechnical charge the pressure sources being hydrotransformers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/21—Systems with pressure sources other than pumps, e.g. with a pyrotechnical charge
    • F15B2211/216—Systems with pressure sources other than pumps, e.g. with a pyrotechnical charge the pressure sources being pneumatic-to-hydraulic converters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/305—Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/30525—Directional control valves, e.g. 4/3-directional control valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/615—Filtering means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/625—Accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/80—Other types of control related to particular problems or conditions
    • F15B2211/88—Control measures for saving energy

Definitions

  • a pneumo-hydraulic converter with a reciprocating double piston which connects a compressed air reservoir with a hydraulic circuit with the best possible efficiency, such that
  • Energy in the storage f Hessen can (charging) or can be drawn from the storage (discharging).
  • the purpose of the invention is to achieve good efficiency while increasing the clock frequency.
  • This heat exchanger can either run with the reciprocating piston set or remain fixed.
  • the moving heat exchanger requires about a third fewer sliding seals and, in addition, the tubular bundle significantly increases the kink and buckling resistance of the piston set, the description will be limited to the representation of the converter with the moving heat exchanger: the desired increase in the clock frequency forces a radical Dead space-reducing workspace arrangement which causes high buckling forces, which leads to buckling strength extremely important constructive factor, which must also be taken into account in the arrangement of the valves.
  • the valve sets each side must - consisting j in each case from high-pressure valve, exchange valve and low-pressure valve forced to be controlled, said low pressure valve may be coupled in their movement under certain conditions, exchange and.
  • the design of these valves must also meet the topological requirements of the heat exchanger
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through the axis of the four cylindrical
  • FIG. 2 shows a section transverse to the axis of FIG. l through the high-pressure chamber and through the heat exchanger tube bundle, and finally
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the same section as FIG. 2, but with bridged bundle tubes.
  • the converter in its high-pressure version consists of three coaxial cylindrical tube sections of approximately the same length, the upstream pressure tube (1) surrounding the upstream pressure piston (2) having a much larger diameter than the two high-pressure chamber tubes (3a / 3b) arranged symmetrically with respect to the upstream pressure tube (1) ), which also contain the longitudinally symmetrical high pressure pistons Ua / 4b). Since the moving parts as well as the fixed parts are mirror-symmetrical with respect to their long center, the upstream pressure pipe (1) is connected via valve flanges (5a / 5b) to the two screwed-in high-pressure chamber pipes (3a / 3b), each of which is attached by means of screw caps ( 6a / 6b ) attached connection cover (7a / 7b) must be completed.
  • the outside world communicates with the pre-pressure spaces (lla / llb) via the low pressure valves (13a / 13b) and the air reservoir (K) can the air high pressure spaces (lOa / lOb) via the high pressure valves (15a / 15b) act on, which are supplied from the air reservoir (U) through the supply lines (I6a / l6b) via the connections (17a / 17b).
  • FIG. 1 A possible configuration of the pilot control by means of hydraulic loading is shown in FIG. 1 shown on the high pressure valves (15a / 15b), the pressure chambers (I8a / 18b) each from the one
  • Pressure source (19) connected electrical 2-way
  • Pilot valves (20a / 20b) are either released or pressurized, thereby moving the valve pistons (21a / 21b), which are connected to the high-pressure valves (15a / l5b) via the rods (22a / 22b) with nuts (23a / 23b) .
  • Similar devices can also be provided for the exchange valves (12a / 12b) and the low pressure valves (13a / 13b), only their actuating rods (24a / 24b) and (25a / 25b) being shown here.
  • a wiring option of the converter is shown, with supply lines (27a / 27b) to a -V-way valve (28), which is a variable hydrostatic unit (29) with a flywheel ( 30 ) and an electric motor / generator (31) acted upon.
  • the exchange circuit begins with the feed pump (32), which the exchange liquid through the external Insert exchanger (33) via the connection (34b) in the connection cover (7b) and via the feed pipe (35b) into the pipe rod (8). Since this pipe rod (8) is closed in the plane of the pre-pressure piston (2) by a conical stopper (36), the exchange liquid is pressed back through the annular space between the feed pipe (35b) and the pipe rod (8) to the high-pressure piston, in which
  • Radial bores (37b) are fed to the exchanger bundle tubes (38), thus also the high-pressure piston (4a) - via the radial bores (37a) the tube rod (8) is in turn reached; the circuit back to the feed pump (32) is closed via the feed pipe (35a) and the connection (34a).
  • the exchanger seals (41a / 41b) and (42a / 42b) are loaded with a full pressure difference throughout the piston movement: this is the actual technological challenge of the concept, especially if the tube bundle design is designed to bypass the bundle tube (43) in order to increase the kink resistance and heat transfer (43). 3 provides. Only the sliding seal ( 44) of the upstream pressure piston (2) is spared from the high pressures, since it is only exposed to the upstream pressure. The remaining seals, not specified, are only subjected to static or short-stroke loads.
  • topological configuration shown is part of the invention and fits particularly well with the described, repetitive thermodynamic process, especially since the pressure chamber and exchanger arrangement selected enables the dead space-free shuttle valve design, with which the concept of conversion with the highest possible Efficiency stands and falls.
  • the 4-way changeover valve (28) must either be automatically synchronized (by the pressure peak at the stop) or by means of a proximity switch with the converter stroke; for simple compression tasks (e.g. for cooling circuits), the compressor can also be designed without a pre-pressure cylinder: the shell-and-tube heat exchanger can be either fixed or rotating, since there are no buckling forces.

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/CH96/00386 Sec. 371 Date May 1, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date May 1, 1998 PCT Filed Nov. 1, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO97/17546 PCT Pub. Date May 15, 1997In order to maintain high efficiency close, to isothermy despite high frequencies in a pneumo-hydraulic converter with reciprocating pistons, pipe cluster-heat exchange pipes (38) are provided in the gas working chambers of the converter and the exchange fluid in the pipes is kept at approximately ambient temperature. For this the gas working chambers must be arranged axially next to one another and, in order to eliminate dead space, connected in pairs by conical exchange valves (12a/12b) which take in the entire wall thickness of the valve flange (5a/5b) dividing the air chambers.

Description

PNEUMO-HYDRAULISCHER WANDLER FÜR ENERGIESPEICHERUNG PNEUMO-HYDRAULIC CONVERTER FOR ENERGY STORAGE
Es ist ein pneumo-hydraulischer Wandler mit hin-und hergehendem Doppelkolben bekannt , der mit bestmöglichem Wirkungsgrad einen Druckluftspeicher mit einem Hydraulikkreislauf verbindet , derart dassA pneumo-hydraulic converter with a reciprocating double piston is known, which connects a compressed air reservoir with a hydraulic circuit with the best possible efficiency, such that
Energie in den Speicher f Hessen kann ( Laden) oder aus dem Speicher entnommen werden kann (Entladen) .Energy in the storage f Hessen can (charging) or can be drawn from the storage (discharging).
Die guten Wirkungsgrade der isothermen Vorgänge werden in dem genannten System dadurch angestrebt , dass die ArbeitsräumeThe good efficiencies of the isothermal processes are aimed at in the mentioned system by the fact that the work rooms
( Kolbenräume) bei jedem Hub durch das arbeitsmedium Öl temperaturmässig stabilisiert werden ; dies bedingt relativ langsame Vorgänge , da die begrenzte Geschwindigkeit der Wärmeübertragung von der Zylinder-Mantelfläche auf die Luft während des Arbeitshubes die Temperaturschwankungen bei erhöhter Taktfrequenz nicht ausgleichen kann ; die Folge sind grosse Baueinheiten im Verhältnis zu der bewältigten Leistung .(Piston chambers) are stabilized in terms of temperature with each stroke by the working medium oil; this requires relatively slow processes, since the limited speed of heat transfer from the cylinder surface to the air during the working stroke cannot compensate for the temperature fluctuations at an increased clock frequency; the result is large building units in relation to the performance accomplished.
Zweck der Erfindung ist es , einen guten Wirkungsgrad bei gleichzeitiger Erhöhung der Taktfrequenz zu erreichen.The purpose of the invention is to achieve good efficiency while increasing the clock frequency.
Erfindungsgemäss wird dies durch die im Patentanspruch 1 genannten Merkmale erreicht , wonach rohrförmige Wärmetauscher einige der Arbeitsräume des Wandlers durchdringen , wobei ein äusserer Kreislauf die Tauschflüssigkeit annähernd auf Umgebungstemperatur hält.This is achieved according to the invention by the features mentioned in patent claim 1, according to which tubular heat exchangers penetrate some of the working spaces of the converter, an external circuit keeping the exchange liquid approximately at ambient temperature.
Dieser Wärmetauscher kann entweder mit dem hin- und hergehenden Kolbensatz mitlaufen oder fest bleiben. Da jedoch der mitlaufende Wärmetauscher ungefähr ein Drittel weniger Gleitdichtungen erfordert und ausserdem das rohrförmige Bündel die Knick- und Beulfestigkeit des Kolbensatzes wesentlich erhöht , wird sich die Beschreibung auf die Darstellung des Wandlers mit mitlaufendem Wärmetauscher beschränken : die erwünschte Erhöhung der Taktfrequenz zwingt nämlich zu einer radikal totraumreduzierenden Arbeitsraumanordnung die hohe Knickkräfte verursacht , was die Knickfestigkeit zu einem ausserordenthch wichtigen konstruktiven Faktor macht , der auch in der Anordnung der Ventile mitberucksichtigt werden muss .This heat exchanger can either run with the reciprocating piston set or remain fixed. However, since the moving heat exchanger requires about a third fewer sliding seals and, in addition, the tubular bundle significantly increases the kink and buckling resistance of the piston set, the description will be limited to the representation of the converter with the moving heat exchanger: the desired increase in the clock frequency forces a radical Dead space-reducing workspace arrangement which causes high buckling forces, which leads to buckling strength extremely important constructive factor, which must also be taken into account in the arrangement of the valves.
Da der Wandler sowohl als Kompressor wie auch als Entspanner arbeiten soll , müssen die Ventilsätze jeder Seite — bestehend jeweils aus Hochdruckventil , Austauschventil und Niederdruckventil zwangs- gesteuert werden , wobei unter gewissen Bedingungen Austausch- und Niederdruckventil in ihrer Bewegung gepaart werden können . Die Ausgestaltung dieser Ventile muss ebenso die topologischen Anforderungen des Wärmetauschers wie auch dasSince the converter is intended as well to work as an expander both as a compressor, the valve sets each side must - consisting j in each case from high-pressure valve, exchange valve and low-pressure valve forced to be controlled, said low pressure valve may be coupled in their movement under certain conditions, exchange and. The design of these valves must also meet the topological requirements of the heat exchanger
Imperativ minimalster Toträume erfüllen ; die Losung dieser Aufgaben und die Funktionsweise der Erfindung werden mit Hilfe von Zeichnungen erklart , wobeiFulfill imperative minimal dead spaces; the solution to these problems and the functioning of the invention are explained with the aid of drawings, wherein
FIG .1 einen Längsschnitt durch die Achse der vier zylindrischenFIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through the axis of the four cylindrical
Arbeitsraume zeigt ,Working space shows
FIG .2 einen Schnitt quer zur Achse der Fig . l durch den Hochdruckraum und durch das Wärmetauscher-Rohrbündel darstellt , und schliesslich2 shows a section transverse to the axis of FIG. l through the high-pressure chamber and through the heat exchanger tube bundle, and finally
FIG .3 den gleichen Schnitt wie die Fig .2 veranschaulicht , jedoch mit überbrückten Bündelrohren.FIG. 3 illustrates the same section as FIG. 2, but with bridged bundle tubes.
Der Wandler in seiner Hochdruckausführung besteht aus drei ungefähr gleich langen koaxialen Zylmderrohrstücken , wobei das Vordruckrohr ( 1) , das den Vordruckkolben (2) umschliesst, einen wesentlich grösseren Durchmesser aufweist als die zwei gegenüber dem Vordruckrohr ( 1 ) symmetrisch angeordneten Hochdruckkammerrohre ( 3a/3b) , die die ebenfalls längssymmetrischen Hochdruckkolben Ua/4b) beinhalten . Da ebenso die bewegten Teile wie auch die feststehenden Teile spiegelsymmetrisch in Bezug auf deren Langsmitte sind , ist das Vordruckrohr ( 1 ) sinngemass über Ventilflansche ( 5a/5b) mit den zwei eingeschraubten Hochdruckkammerrohre ( 3a/3b ) verbunden , die jeweils durch mittels Schraubkappen (6a/6b ) befestigten Anschlussdeckel (7a/7b) abgeschlossen werden. Axial in den Zylinderrohrstücken gleitend befindet sich ein Satz von drei Kolben , die durch die Fohrstange (8) mechanisch fest verbunden sind und somit 2 x 3 Arbeitsräume definieren, und zwar: zwischen den Anschlussdeckeln (7a/7b) und den Hochdruckkolben UaMb) die Ölräume (9a/9b) , zwischen den Hochdruckkolben (Λa/4b) und den Ventilflanschen (5a/5b) die Luft-Hochdruckräume ( lOa/lOb) und zwischen den Ventilflanschen (5a/5b) und dem Vordruckkolben (2) die Luft- Vordruckräume ( lla/llb) . Die Luft-Hochdruckräume ( lOa/lOb) sind mit den Luft-Vordruckräumen ( lla/llb) über die AustauschventileThe converter in its high-pressure version consists of three coaxial cylindrical tube sections of approximately the same length, the upstream pressure tube (1) surrounding the upstream pressure piston (2) having a much larger diameter than the two high-pressure chamber tubes (3a / 3b) arranged symmetrically with respect to the upstream pressure tube (1) ), which also contain the longitudinally symmetrical high pressure pistons Ua / 4b). Since the moving parts as well as the fixed parts are mirror-symmetrical with respect to their long center, the upstream pressure pipe (1) is connected via valve flanges (5a / 5b) to the two screwed-in high-pressure chamber pipes (3a / 3b), each of which is attached by means of screw caps ( 6a / 6b ) attached connection cover (7a / 7b) must be completed. Sliding axially in the cylinder tube pieces, there is a set of three pistons that are mechanically firmly connected by the slide rod (8) and thus define 2 x 3 working spaces, namely: between the connection covers (7a / 7b) and the high-pressure pistons UaMb) the oil spaces (9a / 9b), between the high pressure pistons (Λa / 4b) and the valve flanges (5a / 5b) the air high pressure spaces (lOa / lOb) and between the valve flanges (5a / 5b) and the upstream pressure piston (2) the air upstream pressure spaces (lla / llb). The air high-pressure rooms (lOa / lOb) are with the air pre-pressure rooms (lla / llb) via the exchange valves
( 12a/12b) verbunden, die Aussenwelt kommuniziert mit den Vordruckräumen ( lla/llb) über die Niederdruckventile ( 13a/13b) und der Luftspeicher ( K) kann die Luft-Hochdruckräume ( lOa/lOb) über die Hochdruckventile ( 15a/15b) beaufschlagen, die vom Luftspeicher ( U) durch die Zuleitungen ( I6a/l6b) über die Anschlüsse ( 17a/17b) versorgt werden.(12a / 12b) connected, the outside world communicates with the pre-pressure spaces (lla / llb) via the low pressure valves (13a / 13b) and the air reservoir (K) can the air high pressure spaces (lOa / lOb) via the high pressure valves (15a / 15b) act on, which are supplied from the air reservoir (U) through the supply lines (I6a / l6b) via the connections (17a / 17b).
Eine Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeit der Vorsteuerung mittels hydraulischer Beaufschlagung ist in der Fig . 1 an den Hochdruckventilen ( 15a/15b) dargestellt, wobei die Druckräume ( I8a/l8b) jeweils von den an eineA possible configuration of the pilot control by means of hydraulic loading is shown in FIG. 1 shown on the high pressure valves (15a / 15b), the pressure chambers (I8a / 18b) each from the one
Druckquelle (19) angeschlossenen elektrischen 2-Wege-Pressure source (19) connected electrical 2-way
Vorsteuerventilen (20a/20b) entweder gelüftet oder beaufschlagt werden, wodurch die Ventilkolben (21a/21b) bewegt werden, die über die Stangen (22a/22b) mit Muttern (23a/23b) mit den Hochdruck ventilen (15a/l5b) verbunden sind. Ähnliche Vorrichtungen können auch für die Austauschventile ( 12a/12b) und die Niederdruckventile (13a/13b) vorgesehen werden, wobei hier lediglich deren Betätigungsstangen (24a/24b) und (25a/25b) dargestellt sind.Pilot valves (20a / 20b) are either released or pressurized, thereby moving the valve pistons (21a / 21b), which are connected to the high-pressure valves (15a / l5b) via the rods (22a / 22b) with nuts (23a / 23b) . Similar devices can also be provided for the exchange valves (12a / 12b) and the low pressure valves (13a / 13b), only their actuating rods (24a / 24b) and (25a / 25b) being shown here.
Zum besseren Verständnis ist , beginnend an den OlanschlüssenFor a better understanding is starting at the oil connections
(26a/26b) , eine Beschaltungsmöglichkeit des Wandlers dargestellt, mit Zuleitungen (27a/27b) zu einem -V-Wege-Ventil (28) , das eine variable hydrostatische Einheit (29) mit Schwungrad (30) und Elektro- Motor/Generator (31 ) beaufschlagt . Der Tauscherkreislauf beginnt mit der Speisepumpe (32) , die die Tauschflüssigkeit durch den externen Tauscher (33) über den Anschluss (34b) im Anschlussdeckel (7b) und über das Speiserohr (35b) in die Rohrstange (8) einführt. Da diese Rohrstange (8) in der Ebene des Vordruckkolbens (2) durch einen konischen Stopfen (36) verschlossen ist, wird die Tauschflüssigkeit durch den Ringraum zwischen Speiserohr (35b) und Rohrstange (8) zum Hochdruckkolben zurückgedrückt, in welchem über(26a / 26b), a wiring option of the converter is shown, with supply lines (27a / 27b) to a -V-way valve (28), which is a variable hydrostatic unit (29) with a flywheel ( 30 ) and an electric motor / generator (31) acted upon. The exchange circuit begins with the feed pump (32), which the exchange liquid through the external Insert exchanger (33) via the connection (34b) in the connection cover (7b) and via the feed pipe (35b) into the pipe rod (8). Since this pipe rod (8) is closed in the plane of the pre-pressure piston (2) by a conical stopper (36), the exchange liquid is pressed back through the annular space between the feed pipe (35b) and the pipe rod (8) to the high-pressure piston, in which
Radialbohrungen (37b) die Tauscher-Bündelrohre (38) gespeist werden, also auch der Hochdruckkolben (4a) — über dessen Radialbohrungen (37a) wiederum die Rohrstange (8) erreicht wird ; der Kreislauf zurück zur Speisepumpe (32) wird über das Speiserohr (35a) und den Anschluss (34a) geschlossen.Radial bores (37b) are fed to the exchanger bundle tubes (38), thus also the high-pressure piston (4a) - via the radial bores (37a) the tube rod (8) is in turn reached; the circuit back to the feed pump (32) is closed via the feed pipe (35a) and the connection (34a).
Wie die Hochdruckkolben-Gleitdichtungen (39a/39b) und die Aus¬ tauschventil-Gleitdichtungen (40a/40b) werden auch die Tauscher- dichtungen (41a/41b) und (42a/42b) durch die ganze Kolbenbewegung hindurch mit voller Druckdifferenz belastet: dies ist die eigentliche technologische Herausforderung des Konzeptes, insbesondere wenn die Rohrbündelausgestaltung zwecks Eröhung der Knickfestigkeit und der Wärmeübertragung eine Bündelrohrüberbrückung (43) wie in Fig . 3 vorsieht . Lediglich die Gleitdichtung (44) des Vordruckkolbens (2) wird von den hohen Drücken verschont, da sie nur dem Vordruck ausgesetzt wird . Die restlichen nicht näher bezeichneten Dichtungen werden nur statisch oder kurzhubig beansprucht.Like the high-pressure piston sliding seals (39a / 39b) and the exchange valve sliding seals (40a / 40b), the exchanger seals (41a / 41b) and (42a / 42b) are loaded with a full pressure difference throughout the piston movement: this is the actual technological challenge of the concept, especially if the tube bundle design is designed to bypass the bundle tube (43) in order to increase the kink resistance and heat transfer (43). 3 provides. Only the sliding seal ( 44) of the upstream pressure piston (2) is spared from the high pressures, since it is only exposed to the upstream pressure. The remaining seals, not specified, are only subjected to static or short-stroke loads.
Die Funktionsweise des Wandlers soll nun in einem Zyklus derThe mode of operation of the converter should now be in one cycle
Entspannung (Entladung) erläutert werden, dem die dargestellte Stellung der Ventile entspricht, wobei sich der Kolbensatz gegen rechts bewegt: in dem zeichnerisch festgehaltenen Augenblick wird durch das offene Luft-Hochdruckventil (15b) der Luft-Hochdruckraum ( 10b) mit dem Luftspeicher ( 14) direkt verbunden: die Druckkraft wird sinngemass im Ölraum (9b) aufgenommen und durch die Ölsäule in der Leitung (27b) über das 4-Wege-Ventil (28) auf die Druckseite motorisch wirkenden hydrostatischen Einheit (29) übertragen , die folglich das Schwungrad (30) und den Generator (31 ) antreibt . Durch besagte Bewegung nach rechts wird ausserdem mittels Vordruckkolben (2 ) entspannte Luft im Raum ( Ilb) über das offene Niederdruckventil ( 13b) in die Umwelt verdrangt und gleichzeitig die aus der vorhergehenden Bewegung im Luft-Hochdruckraum ( 10a) unter Vordruck verbliebene Luft über das offene Austauschventil ( 12a) durch den sich erweiternden Vordruckraum ( Ila) auf Auslassdruck gebracht . Durch dieselbe Bewegung wird das aus der hydrostatischen Einheit austretende Öl in den Ölraum (9a) gesaugt . Die durch das Polster im Ölraum (9b) aufgenommene Kraft entsteht also nicht nur durch die Hochdruckbeaufschlagung im Luft-Hochdruckraum ( 10b) , es addiert sich hierzu auch der durch den Vordruck an der grossenRelaxation (discharge) are explained, which corresponds to the position of the valves shown, the piston set moving to the right: at the moment shown in the drawing, the open air high pressure valve (15b) turns the air high pressure space (10b) with the air accumulator (14 ) directly connected: the pressure force is taken up in the oil space (9b) and through the oil column in the line (27b) via the 4-way valve (28) to the pressure-side hydrostatic unit (29), which consequently transmits the flywheel (30) and the generator (31) drives. By said movement to the right is also using a pre-pressure piston (2) Relaxed air in the room (Ilb) is displaced into the environment via the open low-pressure valve (13b) and, at the same time, the air remaining under pre-pressure from the previous movement in the air-high-pressure chamber (10a) via the open exchange valve (12a) through the expanding Prepressure chamber (Ila) brought to outlet pressure. With the same movement, the oil emerging from the hydrostatic unit is sucked into the oil space (9a). The force absorbed by the cushion in the oil chamber (9b) thus arises not only from the high pressure in the air / high pressure chamber (10b), but also from the upstream pressure on the large one
Flache des Vordruckkolbens (2) entstehende Schub, der über die Rohrstange (8) und die Rohre (38) des Tauscherbundeis übertragen wird : hier lauert die Knickgefahr 1 An einer mittels Rechner zu ermittelnder Stelle dieses Rechtshubes muss nun das Hochdruckventil ( 15b) geschlossen werden , damit die Entspannung dieses hierdurch definierten Volumens am Ende des Hubes genau den Vordruck ergibt , der nach der Hubumkehr durch das Verschieben des Inhaltes des Lufthochdruckraumes ( 10b) in den Vordruckraum ( Ilb) durch Expansion den Auslassdruck erreicht . Im Augenblick des Hubumkehrs müssen also zusammen mit der Umschaltung von (28) auch ( 15a) , ( 13a)The thrust resulting from the upstream pressure piston (2) is transmitted via the pipe rod (8) and the pipes (38) of the exchanger bundle: here there is a risk of kinking 1 The high pressure valve (15b) must now be closed at a point on this right-hand stroke to be determined by a computer , so that the expansion of the volume defined in this way at the end of the stroke results in the admission pressure which, after the stroke reversal, reaches the outlet pressure by expanding the contents of the high-pressure air space (10b) into the admission pressure space (Ilb). At the moment the stroke is reversed, therefore, together with the changeover of (28), (15a), (13a)
& ( 12b) geöffnet und ( 12a) & ( 13b) geschlossen werden ( wobei ( 13b) ja schon durch den auflaufenden Vordruckkolben (2) in die Schhesstellung gedruckt wird) . Diese Umschaltung kann durch einen Naherungsschalter ausgelöst werden .& (12b) are opened and (12a) & (13b) are closed (whereby (13b) is already being printed into the shoeing position by the upstream pre-pressure piston (2)). This switchover can be triggered by a proximity switch.
Abschhessend soll unterstrichen werden, dass die dargestellte topologische Ausgestaltung Teil der Erfindung ist und besonders gut zu dem beschriebenen, sich immer wiederholenden thermodynamischen Vorgang passt , zumal durch die gewählte Druckraum- und Tauscheranordnung die totraumfreie Wechselventilbauart möglich wird , mit der das Konzept einer Wandlung mit höchsten Wirkungsgraden steht und fällt .In conclusion, it should be emphasized that the topological configuration shown is part of the invention and fits particularly well with the described, repetitive thermodynamic process, especially since the pressure chamber and exchanger arrangement selected enables the dead space-free shuttle valve design, with which the concept of conversion with the highest possible Efficiency stands and falls.
Es soll schliesslich darauf hingewiesen werden , dass innerhalb eines Hubes der aus diesem Wandler austretende Öldruck pro Hub in einem Verhältnis von ungefähr 1 :30 schwankt ( bei 200 bar im Luftspeicher ( 14) ) , was dessen direkte Anwendung in vielen Fällen problematisch macht, da die hydrostatischen Einheiten über einen Verdrangervolumen-Regelbereich von höchstens 1 : 10 verfugen. Soll also der Wandler eine konstante Leistung bewältigen, empfiehlt sich der Weg über ein Schwungrad , das einen weiten Taktfrequenzbereich überbrücken kann , wobei die hydrostatische Einheit lediglich den effektiven Lastanderungen zu folgen hat.Finally, it should be pointed out that within one stroke the oil pressure exiting this converter per stroke in one Ratio of approximately 1: 30 fluctuates (at 200 bar in the air reservoir (14)), which makes its direct application problematic in many cases, since the hydrostatic units have a displacer volume control range of at most 1:10. So if the converter is to cope with a constant output, it is advisable to use a flywheel that can bridge a wide clock frequency range, whereby the hydrostatic unit only has to follow the effective load changes.
Arbeitet der Wandler ausschliesslich als Kompressor entfällt dieIf the converter works exclusively as a compressor, this is not necessary
Zwangssteuerung der Ventile, es muss ledighch das 4-Wege- Umschaltventil (28) entweder selbsttätig ( durch die Druckspitze beim Anschlag ) oder mittels Näherungsschalter mit dem Wandlerhub synchronisiert werden ; auch kann bei einfachen Verdichtungsaufgaben (z . B . für Kühlkreisläufe) der Kompressor ohne Vordruckzylinder ausgeführt werden : der Rohrbündel-Wärmetauscher kann hierbei wahlweise feststehend oder mitlaufend sein, da keine Knickkräfte entstehen. Forced control of the valves, the 4-way changeover valve (28) must either be automatically synchronized (by the pressure peak at the stop) or by means of a proximity switch with the converter stroke; for simple compression tasks (e.g. for cooling circuits), the compressor can also be designed without a pre-pressure cylinder: the shell-and-tube heat exchanger can be either fixed or rotating, since there are no buckling forces.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1 . Pneumo-hydraulischer Wandler mit hin- und hergehendem Kolben , dadurch gekennzeichnet , dass ein integrierter Rohrbündel-Wärmetauscher Gas-Arbeitsräume des1 . Pneumo-hydraulic converter with a reciprocating piston, characterized in that an integrated tube-bundle heat exchanger gas working spaces of the
Wandlers durchdringt , wobei ein äusserer Kreislauf für die Tauschflüssigkeit vorgesehen ist , der den Rohrbündel-Wärmetauscher annähernd auf Umgebungstemperatur hält .Penetrates transducer, whereby an external circuit is provided for the exchange liquid, which keeps the tube bundle heat exchanger approximately at ambient temperature.
2. Pneumo-hydraulischer Wandler nach Patentanspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeicnnet , dass der integrierte Rohrbündel-Wärmetauscher Gas-Arbeitsräume und Öl-Arbeitsräume durchdringt .2. Pneumo-hydraulic converter according to claim 1, characterized gekennzeicnnet that the integrated tube-bundle heat exchanger penetrates gas work spaces and oil work spaces.
3. Pneumo-hydraulischer Wandler nach eineim der Patentansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Tauscherrohre (38) mit Brücken (43) verbunden sind , zwecks Erhöhung der Wärmeübertragung und der Knickfestigkeit .3. Pneumo-hydraulic converter according to one of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the exchanger tubes (38) are connected to bridges (43) in order to increase the heat transfer and the resistance to buckling.
4. Pneumo-hydraulischer Wandler nach den Patentansprüchen 1 und 3 , dadurch gekennzeichnet , dass die Tauscherrohre (38) vom Kolbensatz ( 2/4a/4b) mitgenommen werden.4. Pneumo-hydraulic converter according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the exchanger tubes (38) are carried along by the piston set (2 / 4a / 4b).
5. Pneumo-hydraulischer Wandler nach den Patentansprüchen 1 bis 4 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gas-Vordruckräume ( lla/llb) und die Gas-Hochdruckräume ( lOa/lOb) axial nebeneinander liegen , und dass die Ölräume (9a/9b) an den Enden angeordnet sind .5. Pneumo-hydraulic converter according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the gas pre-pressure spaces (lla / llb) and the gas high-pressure spaces (lOa / lOb) lie axially next to each other, and that the oil spaces (9a / 9b) the ends are arranged.
6. Pneumo-hydraulischer Wandler nach den Patentansprüchen 1 oder 2 und 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet , dass zwecks Verhinderung von Toträumen jeweils ein Gas- Hochdruckraum mit dem entsprechenden Vordruckraum über konische Sitzventile verbunden ist , die auf der Rohrstange (8) oder den Tauscherrohren (38) gleitdichtend geführt sind und die ganze die Lufträume trennende Wanddicke des Ventilflansches (5a/5b) einnehmen. 6. Pneumo-hydraulic converter according to claims 1 or 2 and 5, characterized in that in order to prevent dead spaces, a gas high-pressure chamber is connected to the corresponding pre-pressure chamber via conical seat valves, which on the tubular rod (8) or Exchanger tubes (38) are guided with a sliding seal and take up the entire wall thickness of the valve flange (5a / 5b) separating the air spaces.
EP96934298A 1995-11-03 1996-11-01 Pneumo-hydraulic converter for energy storage Expired - Lifetime EP0857256B1 (en)

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CH3114/95 1995-11-03
CH311495 1995-11-03
PCT/CH1996/000386 WO1997017546A1 (en) 1995-11-03 1996-11-01 Pneumo-hydraulic converter for energy storage

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US6145311A (en) 2000-11-14
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JP3194047B2 (en) 2001-07-30
ATE178389T1 (en) 1999-04-15
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OA10682A (en) 2001-05-03

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