EP0849463B1 - Culasse pour un moteur à combustion interne - Google Patents

Culasse pour un moteur à combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0849463B1
EP0849463B1 EP97120815A EP97120815A EP0849463B1 EP 0849463 B1 EP0849463 B1 EP 0849463B1 EP 97120815 A EP97120815 A EP 97120815A EP 97120815 A EP97120815 A EP 97120815A EP 0849463 B1 EP0849463 B1 EP 0849463B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cylinder head
valve opening
groove
compensating groove
channel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97120815A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0849463A1 (fr
Inventor
Martin Mutterer
Eckhart Dr. Nitzschke
Tilmann Roemheld
Willy Treyz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mercedes Benz Group AG
Original Assignee
DaimlerChrysler AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DaimlerChrysler AG filed Critical DaimlerChrysler AG
Publication of EP0849463A1 publication Critical patent/EP0849463A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0849463B1 publication Critical patent/EP0849463B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/42—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
    • F02F1/4285—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads of both intake and exhaust channel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/0009—Cylinders, pistons
    • B22D19/0018—Cylinders, pistons cylinders with fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/244—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/245—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads the valve stems being orientated at an angle with the cylinder axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F2200/00—Manufacturing
    • F02F2200/06—Casting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cylinder head for internal combustion engines according to the preamble of claim 1, for example known from DE 36 03 582 C1 or DE 195 02 342 A1 emerges.
  • Cylinder heads for internal combustion engines are intricately shaped Components made by casting.
  • the casting cores point for molding the inner surface of the gas exchange channels an inevitable scatter from workpiece to workpiece Offset from an ideal position of the core.
  • the desired The target position of the inner surface of the gas exchange valves is through the position of the associated valve opening in the combustion chamber side Boundary wall of the cylinder head determined. Because of of the core offset is at the gas exchange channels in the cast Raw state in the area close to the opening for valve opening towards increasing machining allowance provided at the valve opening to the extent of at least the maximum permissible offset corresponds. This results in a cutting depth spread of about twice the offset.
  • This inside Material addition is then machined in such a way that that the inner surface of the gas exchange channels are offset-free passes into the valve opening.
  • the object of the invention is that of the generic type Cylinder head to improve the machining allowance on the one hand in the area of the gas exchange channels near the valve offset-free using a straight milling cutter can be processed, but still in the area the convex wall sections are more aerodynamic Surface gradient is available.
  • the compensation groove can be practically without additional costs during the casting process be generated. Only the casting cores are needed for the gas exchange channels with a negative corresponding to the groove shape To be provided with a circumferential bead.
  • the advantage of the invention lies in a simple, rational and inexpensive processing of the channel end with simultaneous Reduction of the spread of flow losses in the Gas exchange channels.
  • double valve engines the so-called '. Tumbling - a circulation flow in the combustion chamber incoming gases with the axis of rotation lying in the longitudinal direction of the engine -
  • the selected intensity of the Tumbling is in interaction with other combustion-relevant Engine parameters responsible for an orderly and desired combustion process in a certain way.
  • An inadmissible strong and uncontrolled changes in tumbling interferes with the compromise chosen for a particular engine design and has a negative effect on the combustion noise and / or the exhaust gas values.
  • FIG. 1 shows a section of a cast cylinder head 1 for an internal combustion engine, in which in the combustion chamber side Boundary wall 2 a circular valve opening 3 and a gas exchange duct 4 leading there - in the present case an inlet duct - is arranged.
  • the illustrated embodiment of the cylinder head has two parallel behind each combustion chamber lying valve openings and a trousers branching Inlet channel, in which a separating rib 18 between the Valve openings are provided.
  • the inner surface 5 of the gas exchange channels 4 is in the casting mold is inserted into the casting cores.
  • These casting cores are subject to a certain position tolerance despite all care with a maximum permissible tolerance field of, for example, ⁇ 1 mm in all directions. Accordingly, the inner channel surface also faces a different one from workpiece to workpiece, offset within this tolerance range the position of the machined valve opening 3 on, which is machined as a reference contour on the cylinder head becomes.
  • the gas exchange channels in the cast raw state near the opening Area with a machining allowance increasing towards the valve opening 7 provided.
  • machining allowance 7 corresponds to the valve opening to the extent of at least the said maximum permissible offset, expediently about 10% more than that.
  • this processing is to be carried out in a straight line Form milling cutter with an ogival contour 15 be carried out for what a simple machine tool and a form cutter with a long service life and high cutting performance can be used.
  • a streamlined surface profile can be achieved, i.e. a separation-causing edge at the transition from machined Surface to cast surface is also said to be convex in the critical Area to be avoided.
  • the machining allowance is according to the invention 7 a compensating groove 9 in the cast raw state the gas exchange channels provided. It runs in the circumferential direction just above the valve opening and is in cross section flat V-shaped.
  • the leveling groove is - based on the direction of flow in the gas exchange channels - at least in the area 12 of a convex to rectilinear channel wall course intended.
  • the compensating grooves are particularly on such cylinder heads can be used with advantage where the gas exchange channels in area close to the valve are strongly curved, i.e. their midline 14 there is curved with a radius of curvature R, which is approximately 1.0 to 2.5 times the inside diameter D of the valve opening 3 corresponds.
  • R radius of curvature
  • the gas exchange channels pass into the valve opening with a slight curvature, is when the end of the duct is machined from the valve opening edge forming less flow unfavorable.
  • the gas exchange ducts steeply into the valve opening run in, butt the cast surface and the machined Surface at the resulting transition edge very flat, so that the flow largely follows such a surface course is able to follow free of detachments.
  • the optimal location, the course, circumferential extent and cross-sectional shape the compensation groove must be checked by the designer in individual cases according to the respective, structurally given Environmental conditions of the cylinder head are developed. Independently however, the following can generally be said of this:
  • the distance a of the compensating groove above the top edge the recess 20 for a valve seat ring corresponds to approximately 20 up to 30% of the clear diameter D of the valve opening.
  • the compensating groove can be in a corresponding distance above the valve seat become.
  • the leveling groove runs at least roughly Approximation in a plane that is approximately perpendicular to the channel center line stands. Its cross-section is like a pillow Constriction shaped.
  • the groove flanks 10 run approximately pointed in the middle to the groove base 11 and are in Cross-section convex shaped and curved free of stall, i.e. the flanks of the compensation groove are in cross section a radius of curvature r or r 'of at least about 18 mm or curved longer.
  • the groove base 11 lies outside of the ideal course 21 of the Inner surface, so that not only no machining allowance in this area is provided, but the real inner surface of the gas exchange channel compared to the ideal course mentioned locally excessive.
  • the measured for the channel tangent 17 The depth t of the groove is - at least at the circumferential point of the greatest surface curvature in the direction of flow - about the same the maximum core offset.
  • the compensating groove is designed in cross section and arranged that in an extreme position of the casting core, in the the peripheral part of the casting core with the compensating groove of the The contour is most closely approximated in the middle of the valve opening of the form cutter in the fully immersed state through the groove base runs.
  • FIGS. 3 and 6 show the state of an extreme core offset shown to the left, i.e. here is the casting core with of the compensating groove 9 molding circumferential section extremely Valve opening offset. Due to a corresponding optimization of location, cross-sectional shape and course of the invention Compensating groove cuts the form cutter 15 in this Condition just the material below the opening side lower flank surface 10 'just completely gone, so that the processing surface 8 'at the location of the former groove base 11 merges tangentially into the upper groove flank 10. In this state of extreme core dislocation arise - At least at the circumferential point shown in Figure 6 on the right of the inlet duct - no steps, edges or grooves that could affect the flow near the wall 13. Despite strong ones Core misalignment and simple processing therefore runs close to the wall Flow 13 undisturbed.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Culasse moulée pour moteur à combustion interne, avec au moins une ouverture de soupape de forme circulaire ronde, disposée dans la paroi de limitation, côté chambre de combustion, de la culasse, et un canal de changement des gaz menant à l'ouverture de soupape, la surface moulée interne du canal de changement des gaz présentant un décalage, différent d'une pièce façonnée à l'autre, dans le cadre d'un champ de tolérance déterminé, maximal admissible, par rapport à la position de l'ouverture de soupape ayant été obtenue par un usinage avec enlèvement de copeaux, sachant qu'en outre le canal de changement des gaz, à l'état brut de moulage, est muni dans la zone proche de l'ouverture d'une surépaisseur d'usinage, allant en augmentant en direction de l'ouverture de soupape, qui correspond, au niveau de l'ouverture de soupape, dimensionnellement au moins à la valeur de décalage admissible maximale citée, sachant que la zone, proche de l'ouverture, du canal de changement des gaz est usinée intérieurement, par enlèvement de copeaux, de manière que la surface intérieure du canal de changement des gaz se transforme chaque fois, sans décalage, en l'ouverture de soupape,
    caractérisée par une gorge de rattrapage (9), prévue à l'état brut de moulage, dans la zone de la surépaisseur d'usinage (16) du canal de changement des gaz (4), s'étendant dans la direction périphérique, ayant une forme de V plat, présentant les caractéristiques suivantes:
    les flancs de gorge (10) se rejoignent suivant un angle pointu en direction du flanc de gorge (10), à peu près au centre de la gorge de rattrapage (9) et, observés en coupe transversale, sont de forme convexe et sont incurvées de façon favorable pour l'écoulement, c'est-à-dire autant que possible sans décollement d'écoulement,
    la gorge de rattrapage (9) - en se référant à la direction d'écoulement dans le canal de changement des gaz (4) - est prévue au moins dans la zone (12) à une allure convexe de la paroi de canal de changement des gaz,
    la gorge de rattrapage (9) s'étend au-dessus de l'arête supérieure de l'évidement (20) pour une bague de siège de soupape ou - pour des culasses n'ayant pas de bague de siège de soupape - au-dessus du siège de soupape dans l'ouverture de soupape (3), à une distance (a) qui correspond à environ 20 à 30 % du diamètre libre (D) de l'ouverture de soupape (3),
    le fond de gorge (11) est situé à l'extérieur de l'allure idéale (21) de la surface intérieure (5), de sorte que, dans cette zone, non seulement n'est prévue aucune surépaisseur d'usinage, mais la surface intérieure réelle du canal de changement des gaz (4) présente localement un excédent, par rapport à son allure idéale (21).
  2. Culasse selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la gorge de rattrapage (9) s'étend, au moins en approximation grossière, dans un plan passant à peu près à angle droit par rapport à l'axe de canal (14).
  3. Culasse selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la gorge de rattrapage (9), observée en coupe transversale, comporte un étranglement à la façon d'un sablier.
  4. Culasse selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la gorge de rattrapage (9), si on l'observe en coupe transversale, est configurée et disposée de manière que, dans le cas où le noyau de moulage est à une position extrême, pour laquelle la partie périphérique du noyau de moulage est à la proximité maximale envers la gorge de rattrapage (9) de l'ouverture de soupape (3), le contour (5) de la fraisage de forme, à l'état complètement pénétré, passe par le fond de gorge (11).
  5. Culasse selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la profondeur (t), mesurée par rapport à la tangente de canal de changement des gaz (17), de la gorge de rattrapage (9) est à peu près identique à la valeur du décalage maximale du noyau.
  6. Culasse selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée en ce que
    les flancs (10) de la gorge de rattrapage (9), observés en coupe transversale, sont incurvés d'un rayon de courbure (r, r') d'au moins environ 18 mm ou plus.
  7. Culasse selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée en ce qu'
    au moins les canaux d'admission de la culasse sont munis d'une gorge de rattrapage (9).
  8. Culasse selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée en ce que
    les gorges de rattrapage (9) prévues sur les culasses sont prévues avec des canaux de changement des gaz (4) fortement incurvés dans la zone proche des soupapes, canaux dont l'axe (14), localement, est incurvé sous un rayon de courbure (R) qui correspond à peu près à 1,0 à 2,5 fois le diamètre libre (D) de l'ouverture de soupape (3).
  9. Culasse selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée en ce que,
    pour des culasses ayant deux soupapes d'admission, ou plus, pour chaque chambre de combustion et des nervures de séparation (18) entre les ouvertures de soupape (3), une gorge de rattrapage (9) est également prévue dans la zone de la ou des nervures de séparation (18).
EP97120815A 1996-12-21 1997-11-27 Culasse pour un moteur à combustion interne Expired - Lifetime EP0849463B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19653909 1996-12-21
DE19653909A DE19653909C1 (de) 1996-12-21 1996-12-21 Zylinderkopf für Brennkraftmaschinen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0849463A1 EP0849463A1 (fr) 1998-06-24
EP0849463B1 true EP0849463B1 (fr) 2001-10-24

Family

ID=7815939

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97120815A Expired - Lifetime EP0849463B1 (fr) 1996-12-21 1997-11-27 Culasse pour un moteur à combustion interne

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US (1) US6053141A (fr)
EP (1) EP0849463B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE19653909C1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005020228B4 (de) * 2005-04-30 2014-08-14 Audi Ag Einlasskanalanordnung in einem Zylinderkopf
DE102005037735B4 (de) * 2005-08-05 2010-07-01 Nemak Linz Gmbh Zylinderkopf-Gussrohteil, gegossener Zylinderkopf für Diesel-Verbrennungsmotoren und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Zylinderkopf-Gussrohteils
FR2933629A3 (fr) * 2008-07-10 2010-01-15 Renault Sas Procede de fabrication d'une culasse comprenant un conduit d'admission semi-usine et culasse correspondante
US9103277B1 (en) 2014-07-03 2015-08-11 Daniel Sexton Gurney Moment-cancelling 4-stroke engine

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5444082Y2 (fr) * 1975-06-05 1979-12-19
JPS53123715A (en) * 1977-04-02 1978-10-28 British Reirando Yuu Kee Ltd Diesel engine and manufacturing system of it
DE3307115C2 (de) * 1983-03-01 1985-09-05 Feldmühle AG, 4000 Düsseldorf Zylinderkopf eines Kolbenmotors
US4508066A (en) * 1983-12-27 1985-04-02 Ford Motor Company Ceramic head for internal combustion engine
JPS62157265A (ja) * 1985-12-27 1987-07-13 Honda Motor Co Ltd シリンダ−ヘツドの製造方法
DE3603582C1 (de) * 1986-02-06 1987-03-05 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Verfahren zur spanabhebenden Bearbeitung eines in einem Gussteil angeordneten Kanals
IT1196870B (it) * 1986-12-23 1988-11-25 Fiat Auto Spa Procedimento per l'ottenimento di una sede valvola
DE3706192A1 (de) * 1987-02-26 1988-09-08 Motoren Werke Mannheim Ag Drallsichel im einlasskanal einer brennkraftmaschine
DE4040948C1 (en) * 1990-12-20 1992-02-20 Audi Ag, 8070 Ingolstadt, De Curved gas transfer port in IC engine - incorporates groove in outer side of curve adjacent to valve seating ring
DE19502342A1 (de) * 1994-02-05 1995-08-10 Volkswagen Ag Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Ladungswechselkanals einer Brennkraftmaschine
JPH10110650A (ja) * 1996-10-03 1998-04-28 Nissan Diesel Motor Co Ltd 内燃機関の排気ポートの構造

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6053141A (en) 2000-04-25
DE19653909C1 (de) 1998-04-02
EP0849463A1 (fr) 1998-06-24

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