Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
  • C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
  • C07H19/01—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing oxygen
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
  • A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection

Definitions

• US Patent 5,344,925 also discloses alkylating (or alkenylating or alkynylating) the free hydroxyl group on the cyclohexyl ring using a trichloroacetimidate reagent. The reaction is carried out in methylene chloride/cyclohexane and employs trifluoromethanesulfonic acid as the acid catalyst. This patent does not disclose or teach the use of an imidazolmethyl (or any other heterocycle) trichloroacetimidate to produce the imidazolmethyloxy compounds.
• the present invention provides a novel and efficient process for the preparation of imidazolmethyloxy-substituted macrolide immunosuppressants, which comprises the reaction of an imidazolmethyloxy trichloroacetimidate with the macrolide in the presence of an acid to form the ether bond. Also provided in the present invention are crystalline tartrate salt of the imidazolmethyloxy-substituted macrolide, as well as the imidazolmethyloxy trichloroacetimidate used in the process.
• FIG. 1 shows the X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the tartrate salt of the compound of formula I.
• the X-ray powder diffraction pattern was generated on a Philips APD1700 (Automated Powder Diffractometer) using copper radiation.
• the process further comprises: treating the compound of formula I in its free base form with L-tartaric acid; and isolating the crystalline tartrate salt of the compound of formula I.
• the solvent comprises acetonitrile and an amide, wherein the amide is selected from N,N- dimethylpivalamide and N,N,2-trimethylpropanamide.
• the acid is selected from tetrafluoroboric acid and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid.
• the imidazole protecting group, PG is selected from tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, and 2-methyltetrahydrofuranyl. More preferably, PG is tetrahydrofuranyl.
• the present invention provides in another aspect the crystalline tartrate salt of the compound of formula I.
• the present invention provides the trichloroacetimidate of formula III, which is useful in the synthesis of the immunosuppressant of formula I.
• the PG of the trichloroacetimidate of formula III is tetrahydrofuranyl.
• alkyl includes those alkyl groups of a designated number of carbon atoms of either a straight, branched, or cyclic configuration.
• alkyl include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-and tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, norbornyl, and the like.
• Imidazole protecting group may be any group conventionally used to protect imidazole, and whose introduction and removal does not substantially affect the integrity of the rest of the molecule, or substantially interfere with any of the subsequent reactions to be carried out. Suitable imidazole protecting groups include amino acetal derivatives such as methoxymethyl, 1 -ethoxyethyl, trimethylsilylethoxymethyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, 2- methyltetrahydrofuranyl, dimethylorthoformate, and the like. " In the process of the present invention, the tricyclo- macrolide starting material of formula II is well known in the art. The preparation of FK-506 and related compounds, e.g.
• FK-520 (17-ethyl- l,14-dihydroxy-12-[2'-(4"-hydroxy-3"-methoxycyclohexyl)-r-methyl- vinyl]-23,25-dimethoxy- 13, 19,21,27-tetramethyl- 11 ,28-dioxa-4- azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetraone), are described in for example, U.S. Patent No. 4,894,366, issued January 16, 1990, EPO Publication No. 0,184,162, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5031 and ! Antibiotics. 1987, 40, 1249.
• the trichloroacetimidate starting material of formula III may be prepared according to the reaction sequence shown in Scheme I. SCHEME I
• 3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid (1) is first converted to the corresponding acetophenone (2) using methyllithium in an inert organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, methyl t-butyl ether and the like.
• the acetophenone (2) is then treated with phenyltrimethylammonium tribromide in an ether solvent such as dimethoxy ethane to provide the dibromoacetophenone (3).
• phenylglyoxal (4) which crystallizes as the monohydrate from water/acetonitrile.
• (4) may be prepared from (2) directly by treating (2) with dimethylsulfoxide and HBr at a temperature of between about 50 to about 90°C. The reaction of (4), ammonium acetate and methyl glyoxylate hemiacetal in acetonitrile provides the imidazole (5).
• the tetrahydrofuranyl protecting group is introduced with dihydrofuran and a catalytic amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid. Reduction of the protected imidazole ester to the primary alcohol using lithium borohydride produces the protected imidazole alcohol (6), which is then converted to the trichloroacetimidate (7) using trichloroacetonitrile and l,8-diazobicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene.
• reaction sequence shown in Scheme I is illustrative only. Reagents other than those specifically named may be used; in particular, the scheme depicts tetrahydrofuranyl as the imidazole protecting group, other suitable protecting group may be used and a person skilled in the art will be able to select and introduce the protecting group without undue experimentation.
• tetrahydropyranyl may be introduced with 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran
• 2-methyltetrahydrofuranyl may be introduced with 2-methyl-4,5-dihydrofuran.
• the process of the present invention involves the coupling of a macrocycle of formula II with a trichloroacetimidate of formula III to produce an imidazolyl substituted macrocycle of formula I, as shown in Scheme II.
• Suitable solvents include, but are not limited to, ethers such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran; halogenated alkanes such as methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane; nitriles such as acetonitrile, propionitrile; nitroalkanes such as nitromethane and nitroethane; amides such as dimethylformamide, dimethylispropylamide, dimethylpivalamide, methylpyrrolidinone, dimethylbenzamide; and carbamates such as 3-methyl-2-oxazolidinone, and methyl N,N-dimethylcarbamate.
• ethers such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran
• halogenated alkanes such as methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane
• nitriles such as acetonitrile, propionitrile
• nitroalkanes
• the solvent system used in the reaction may be a single solvent or a combination of 2 or more solvents.
• acetonitrile and an amide or a carbamate is used in combination.
• the ratio of acetonitrile:amide may range from about 1: 1 to about 20:1.
• the preferred solvent combination is acetonitrile and N,N- dimethylpivalamide or N,N,2-trimethylpropionamide; more preferably acetonitrile and N,N-dimethylpivalamide is used.
• Suitable acid may be a Lewis acid such as boron trifluoride, or a protonic acid such-as a sulfonic acid or tetrafluoroboric acid.
• a strong protonic acid such as triflic acid or tetrafluoroboric acid is used.
• the reaction is conducted at a temperature below about 0 °C, typically at about -30 to about -5 °C for about 1 to 3 hours, to provide the imidazole protected ether macrolide.
• the imidazole protecting group may be removed using methods well known in the art; for example, when the protecting group is tetrahydrofuranyl, it can be removed with an acid in an alcohol or water as solvent.
• the desired final product in free base form may be purified using chromatographic techniques, such as silica gel column chromatography.
• the free base form from a variety of solvent systems such as hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran and acetone.
• the free base has been converted to a variety of salts, for example, chloride, sulfite, bisulfate, phosphate, mesylate, tosylate, maleate, etc; however, none of the salts could be obtained as crystalline material.
• crystalline L-tartrate salt of the compound of formula I is obtained.
• the crystalline tartrate salt is in the form of fine needles, and its X-ray powder diffraction pattern is as shown in FIG. 1.
• the crystalline tartrate salt provides a facile means for the purification of a compound of formula I. Furthermore, it is particularly suited for use in pharmaceutical formulation.
• the tartrate salt of the compound of Formula I can be used in the form of a pharmaceutical preparation, for example, in solid, semisolid or liquid form, in admixture with an organic or inorganic carrier or excipient suitable for external, enteral or parenteral applications.
• the active ingredient may be compounded, for example, with the usual nontoxic, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers for tablets, pellets, capsules, suppositories, solutions, emulsions, suspensions, and any other form suitable for use.
• the carriers which can be used are water, glucose, lactose, gum acacia, gelatin, mannitol, starch paste, magnesium trisilicate, talc, corn starch, keratin, colloidal silica, potato starch, urea and other carriers suitable for use in manu ⁇ facturing preparations, in solid, semisolid, or liquid form, and in addition auxiliary, stabilizing, thickening and coloring agents and perfumes may be used.
• the compounds of Formula I may be utilized with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose essentially as described in U.S Patent No. 4.916.138. issued April 10, 1990, or with a surfactant essentially as described in EPO Publication 0.428.169.
• Oral dosage forms may be prepared essentially as described by T.
• the active object compound is included in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount sufficient to produce the desired effect upon the process or condition of diseases.
• the tartrate salt of the compound of Formula I can be combined as the active ingredient in intimate admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier according to conventional pharmaceutical compounding techniques.
• the carrier may take a wide variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired for administration, e.g., oral or parenteral (including intravenous).
• any of the usual pharmaceutical media may be employed, such as, for example, water, glycols, oils, alcohols, flavoring agents, preservatives, coloring agents and the like in the case of oral liquid preparations including liquids for soft gelatin capsule fill, such as, for example, suspensions, elixirs and solutions; or ca ⁇ iers such as starches, sugars, microcrystalline cellulose, diluents, granulating agents, lubricants, binders, disintegrating agents and the like in the case of oral solid preparations such as, for example, powders, capsules and tablet.
• liquids for soft gelatin capsule fill such as, for example, suspensions, elixirs and solutions
• ca ⁇ iers such as starches, sugars, microcrystalline cellulose, diluents, granulating agents, lubricants, binders, disintegrating agents and the like in the case of oral solid preparations such as, for example, powders, capsules and tablet.
• compositions of the present invention suitable for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules, cachets or tablets each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient, as a powder or granules or as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous liquid, a non-aqueous liquid, an oil-in-water emulsion or a water-in-oil liquid emulsion.
• Such compositions may be prepared by any of the methods of pharmacy but all methods include the step of bringing into association the active ingredient with the carrier which constitutes one or more necessary ingredients.
• the compositions are prepared by uniformly and intimately admixing the active ingredient with liquid ca ⁇ iers or finely divided solid carriers or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product into the desired presentation.
• a tablet may be prepared by compression or molding, optionally with one or more accessory ingredients.
• Compressed tablets may be prepared by compressing in a suitable machine, the active ingredient in a free-flowing form such as powder or granules, optionally mixed with a binder, lubricant, inert diluent, surface active or dispersing agent.
• Molded tablets may be made by molding in a suitable machine, a mixture of the powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid diluent.
• each tablet contains from about 1 mg to about 500 mg of the active ingredient and each cachet or capsule contains from about 1 to about 500 mg of the active ingredient.
• the amount of active ingredient that may be combined with the carrier materials to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the host treated and the particular mode of administration.
• a formulation intended for the oral administration of humans may contain from 0.5 mg to 5 gm of active agent compounded with an appropriate and convenient amount of carrier material which may vary from about 5 to about 95 percent ofthe total composition.
• Dosage unit forms will generally comprise from about 0.01 mg to about 500 mg, and preferably about 0.5 mg to about 100 mg of active ingredient.
• the compound of Formula I may be formulated within the range of, for example, 0.0001% to 60% by weight, preferably from 0.001 to 10% by weight, and most preferably from about 0.005 to 0.8% by weight.
• PTT phenyltrimethylammonium tribromide
• 3',5'-Dimethoxyacetophenone (4.5g, 25 mmol) was dissolved in DMSO (37.5 ml), and heated to 87°C with an N2 sweep. To this solution was added HBr (48%, 2.5 ml, 22 mmol). The internal temperature rose to 94 C, then slowly to 101 C.
• the batch temperature was maintained at 90°C for 45 minutes.
• the reaction was quenched with water (125 ml) and the internal temperature was adjusted to 60°C (from 40°C).
• To the mixture was added soka floe (4.5 gm) and the batch was sti ⁇ ed at 60°C for 5 minutes.
• the batch was filtered and the cake was washed with 60°C water (25 ml).
• the batch was cooled to 23°C, then to 0°C, and aged at 0°C for lh and filtered.
• the flask and cake were rinsed with ice-cold H2 ⁇ (40 ml).
• the reaction mixture was sti ⁇ ed for 1 hr and was concentrated in vacuo to a minimum volume and flushed with 50 mL of ethyl acetate.
• the residue was mixed with 200 mL of ethyl acetate and 200 mL water, transfe ⁇ ed to a separatory funnel and the two layers separated.
• the top organic layer was washed with 2x100 mL of saturated sodium bicarbonate (caution: gas evolution) and then 2x100 mL of water.
• the top organic layer was concentrated in vacuo to a minimum volume (-20 ml) and flushed with 20 ml ethyl acetate. This residue was then dissolved in 100 ml ethyl acetate and seeded.
• Tetrafluoroboric acid etherate (338 mL, 2.07 mol) was charged via a dry addition funnel. The reaction temperature changed from -26 to -20 °C. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to -7 °C over two hours. Then water (12.4 L) was added and the mixture was heated to 50 °C for 24 hours. HPLC assay at 22 hrs indicated -97% deprotection.
• the mixture was cooled to room temperature and transfe ⁇ ed to a separation vessel and mixed with 34 L ethyl acetate, 12 L saturated sodium bicarbonate. The two layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with 10 L brine. The combined aqueous layer was extracted with 10 L ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was concentrated in vacuum to a minimum volume (-10 L) and flushed with 5 L acetonitrile. The residue was transfe ⁇ ed to a separation vessel, mixed with 16 L acetonitrile and extracted with 5x36 L hexanes. The desired title compound stayed in the bottom acetonitrile layer. The acetonitrile layer was concentrated in vacuum to a minimum volume and flushed with 2.5 L ethyl acetate to a thick brown oil. wt 5.125 kg. HPLC indicated 845 g of the title compound.
• the reaction mixture was diluted with CH3CN (6.5 L) and cooled to -33 °C under N2- Then 522 gm of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid was charged into the batch.
• the reaction temperamre was warmed to 0°C over 3 hours.
• 6.5 L of water was added and the pH of the reaction mixture was adjusted with tifluromethanesulfonic acid to -2-3 if it is higher.
• the mixture was heated to 50 °C for 24 hours.
• the mixture was cooled to room temperature and mixed with 13 L of ethyl acetate and 6.5 L of saturated sodium bicarbonate.
• the two layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with 6.5 L of brine.
• the combined aqueous layer was extracted with 6.5 L of ethyl acetate.
• the residue was then flushed with 10 L of acetonitrile, diluted with 40 L of acetonitrile and extracted with 4 x 80 L of hexane.
• the desired title compound stayed in the lower acetonitrile layer and the dimethyl pivalamide was extracted into the hexane layer.
• Silica gel 60A (200 g, E. Merck, 240-400 mesh) was slurry packed with 600 ml 1 : 1 ethyl acetate and heptane and washed with 200 ml more of the same solvent.
• the packed volume was 1.5"xl4" in size (3.8 cm diameter and 35.5 cm long) and about 400 ml.
• the product mixture solution that was from the reaction of 1.0 g imidazole trichloroacetimidate side chain with 2.6 g FK-520 (14 mL, containing about 1.2 g of title compound) was loaded to the silica gel column.
• the container was rinsed with 5 ml more of 1/1 ethyl acetate/heptane.
• the column was eluted sequentially with 1/1 ethyl acetate/heptane (400 mL), ethyl acetate (1200 mL), and then 2% methanol/ethyl acetate (1600) under pressure.
• the flow rate was 40-50 ml/min.
• L-733,725 is visible under UV light and both turns blue after the TLC plate was stained with p-anisaldehyde (mixture of 9.2 mL p-anisaldehyde, 3.75 mL acetic acid, 338 mL 95% EtOH and 12.5 mL H 2 S0 4 ) and heated to >50 °C.
• Fractions #5-#9 were combined and concentrated in vacuum to a foam, wt. 1.8 g. HPLC showed mostly FK-520.
• the column was washed by eluting it with acetone (72L) and acetonitrile (72L) at a rate of 2-3 bed volumes per hour.
• the column was re-equilibrated with 50:50 acetonitrile: water (72L) and allowed to age 18h.
• the second portion of the crude title compound (6.3 Kg at 12.5% purity) was purified as outlined above.
• the purified batches were combined and dried to afford 1.5 kg of a foam powder. This was 80% pure by weight.
• the total column recovery was 1.2 kg (75%)
• [oc] 365 607 deg ( 25 °C, 1.0% in MeOH) ⁇ C NMR (100.61 MHz, acetone-d 6 -major rotamer) ⁇ 211.9, 198.0, 173.3, 169.9, 166.2, 162.1, 147.7, 139.4, 138.9, 136.6, 133.1, 132.2, 124.7, 115.9, 103.4, 99.5, 98.1, 84.0, 82.5, 79.7, 76.2, 74.4, 73.6, 72.9, 70.3, 65.6, 57.4, 57.3, 57.2, 56.4, 55.5 9 , 55.5 8 , 49.8, 46.6, 41.1, 39.6, 36.9, 35.5, 35.4, 34.2, 33.4, 31.3, 30.7, 28.5, 26.9, 25.3, 25.2, 21.9, 20.2, 16.6, 16.0, 13.6, 11.9, 10.3.
• EXAMPLE 4 The coupling procedure of Example 1 was repeated using a 1 : 1 molar ratio of the imidazole trichloroacetimidate side chain and FK- 520 as provided below.
• the mixture was cooled to room temperature and transferred to a separation funnel and mixed with 88 mL ethyl acetate, 34 mL saturated sodium bicarbonate. The two layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with 22 mL ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was concentrated in vacuum to a minimum volume and flushed with 10 mL acetonitrile. The residue was transfe ⁇ ed to a separation funnel, mixed with 16 L acetonitrile and extracted with 4x220 L hexanes. The desired compound of Example 1 stayed in the bottom acetonitrile layer.
• the acetonitrile layer was concentrated in vacuum to a minimum volume and flushed with 10 mL ethyl acetate to a thick brown oil. wt 8.28 g. HPLC indicated 2.16 g of the title compound.
• Other compounds in the mixture includes FK-520 and other side products.
• the crude product mixture can be purified according to the procedure in Example 2 and converted into the tartrate salt as described in Example 3.
• Soft gelatin capsules having the following compositions, and containing either 1.5 mg or 10 mg of the active ingredient each were prepared.
• Mannitol DC 300 was spray-coated with an aqueous solution of the compound of Example 3 in sodium lauryl sulfate containing sodium citrate, citric acid and disodium edeate. Stearic acid was used as a lubricant. The resultant admixture was used to fill hard gelatin capsules each having the composition indicated below.

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• 1996
  • 1996-08-20 EP EP96929721A patent/EP0848717A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1996-08-20 WO PCT/US1996/013609 patent/WO1997008182A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1996-08-20 JP JP9510444A patent/JPH11512096A/ja active Pending
  • 1996-08-20 AU AU69005/96A patent/AU6900596A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1996-08-20 CA CA002229718A patent/CA2229718A1/en not_active Abandoned
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