EP0839271B1 - Ceramic-coated light-metal piston for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Ceramic-coated light-metal piston for internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0839271B1
EP0839271B1 EP96914053A EP96914053A EP0839271B1 EP 0839271 B1 EP0839271 B1 EP 0839271B1 EP 96914053 A EP96914053 A EP 96914053A EP 96914053 A EP96914053 A EP 96914053A EP 0839271 B1 EP0839271 B1 EP 0839271B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ceramic
piston
metal piston
conversion layer
light metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96914053A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0839271A1 (en
Inventor
Peter Kurze
Helmut Nolte
Dora Banerjee
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Electro Chemical Engineering GmbH
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Electro Chemical Engineering GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Electro Chemical Engineering GmbH filed Critical Electro Chemical Engineering GmbH
Publication of EP0839271A1 publication Critical patent/EP0839271A1/en
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Publication of EP0839271B1 publication Critical patent/EP0839271B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/10—Pistons  having surface coverings
    • F02F3/12—Pistons  having surface coverings on piston heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/10—Pistons  having surface coverings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
    • F02F7/0085—Materials for constructing engines or their parts
    • F02F7/0087—Ceramic materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/02—Light metals
    • F05C2201/021—Aluminium

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a new type of high vibration and high temperature resilient Light alloy pistons for internal combustion engines.
  • EP-A-412 660 describes a heat-insulating piston, in whose piston crown area a heat-insulating element made of ceramic Material is applied. This has the disadvantage that the ceramic has insufficient adhesion to the metal surface of the piston and loosens under high loads and also causes the piston to fail leads.
  • DE-PS 36 11 165 describes an integrally cast piston for one Internal combustion engine in which a ceramic plate in a cap Iron base is anchored.
  • the production of such a piston is time and expensive.
  • Ceramics were also sprayed on metallic pistons according to US-A-2,833,264 and DE-OS 34 04 284 or sintering a ceramic applied to the piston metal according to US-A-2,657,961.
  • This method has the decisive disadvantage that thick coatings (80 to 150 ⁇ m) due to high thermal gradients and different thermal expansion in Connection with high impact loads form cracks and the bond Ceramic coating / piston is thereby destabilized at the interface.
  • the invention is based on the object, a light metal piston, in particular made of aluminum or aluminum alloys, which is a high vibration and high temperature resistant heat insulating Ceramic layer and thus a high bond stability Ceramics / piston material guaranteed.
  • the object is achieved by a light metal piston, Whole or part of its surface with an oxide ceramic conversion layer is covered.
  • the piston can be made of aluminum or aluminum alloys (see aluminum paperback, Aluminum-Verlag Düsseldorf (1983), p. 1044) be.
  • An oxide ceramic conversion layer is understood here and below to mean an oxide ceramic layer which has been produced by an anodic plasma-chemical reaction in an electrolyte from a light metal surface, preferably from aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
  • a light metal surface preferably from aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
  • Such layers and the processes for their production are known for example from EP-B-280 886, EP-B-545 230 and DE-OS 41 04 847.
  • part of the light metal is oxidized to a ceramic.
  • a crystalline Al 2 O 3 ceramic with a thickness of up to 120 ⁇ m is formed in an aluminum piston.
  • Double oxides such as NiAl 2 O 4 and / or MgAl 2 O 4 and / or CuAl 2 O 4 can also be detected by X-ray analysis, for example when using the piston material AlS12CuMgNi.
  • the elements for the double oxides are the alloy components of the piston material.
  • This conversion layer made of ceramic on the piston has the property that it is very firmly connected to the piston and can withstand high loads such as thermal expansion up to 400 ° C and vibration loads in high cycle fatigue up to 50 x 10 6 load changes per minute.
  • the piston crown of the light metal piston is completely or partially covered with an oxide ceramic conversion layer.
  • the firebox and / or the top land can be provided with an oxide ceramic conversion layer be covered.
  • the layer thickness is the oxide ceramic conversion layer 10 to 150 microns, preferably 60 up to 80 ⁇ m.
  • combustion catalysts in the oxide ceramic conversion layer stored for the complete combustion of the fuel to carbon dioxide and serve water.
  • Such catalysts are, for example, metals such as precious metals e.g. Platinum, Palladium, rhodium, ruthenium or oxidic compounds made of non-precious metals such as oxides of copper, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, Nickels and their combinations.
  • precious metals e.g. Platinum, Palladium, rhodium, ruthenium or oxidic compounds made of non-precious metals such as oxides of copper, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, Nickels and their combinations.
  • a light metal piston made of G-AlSiCuNi is clamped in an electrical contacting device so that only the piston head comes into contact with the electrolyte.
  • the anodic plasma chemical reaction of the piston crown takes place at current densities of 5 A / dm 2 and a final voltage of 220 - 230 V.
  • the layer thickness is 60 ⁇ m and is achieved with a coating time of 45 min.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

A light-metal piston for internal combustion engines, the surface of which is entirely or partly coated with an oxide ceramic conversion layer.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen neuartigen hochschwingungs- und hochtemperaturbelastbaren Leichtmetallkolben für Verbrennungsmotoren.The invention relates to a new type of high vibration and high temperature resilient Light alloy pistons for internal combustion engines.

Es ist bekannt, örtlich hochbelastete Oberflächen auf Leichtmetallkolben - insbesondere seinen Boden - elektrolytisch zu oxidieren (Motortechnische Zeitschrift, 1975, S. 241; DE-PS 26 26 131). Diese so aufgebrachte Eloxal-bzw. Harteloxalschicht neigt aufgrund ihres amorphen Charakters bei hoher Beanspruchung zur Rißbildung. Der Riß kann sich bis in das Grundmaterial fortsetzen. Das führt zum Ausfall des Kolbens und damit des gesamten Motors.It is known to have locally highly stressed surfaces on light metal pistons - in particular to oxidize its soil - electrolytically (engine technology Zeitschrift, 1975, p. 241; DE-PS 26 26 131). This anodized or. Hard anodized layer tends to be high due to its amorphous character Stress for crack formation. The crack can extend into the base material continue. This leads to the failure of the piston and thus of the whole Motors.

In der EP-A-412 660 wird ein wärmeisolierender Kolben beschrieben, in dessen Kolbenbodenbereich u.a. ein wärmeisolierendes Element aus keramischem Material aufgebracht ist. Das hat den Nachteil, daß die Keramik nur ungenügende Haftung auf der Metalloberfläche des Kolbens hat und sich bei hoher Belastung lockert und auch so zum Ausfall des Kolbens führt.EP-A-412 660 describes a heat-insulating piston, in whose piston crown area a heat-insulating element made of ceramic Material is applied. This has the disadvantage that the ceramic has insufficient adhesion to the metal surface of the piston and loosens under high loads and also causes the piston to fail leads.

Die DE-PS 36 11 165 beschreibt einen integral gegossenen Kolben für eine Brennkraftmaschine, in dem eine keramische Platte in einer Kappe auf Eisenbasis verankert ist. Die Produktion eines derartigen Kolbens ist zeit-und kostenaufwendig. Auch tritt hier eine Lockerung des Keramikbauteiles aufgrund der hohen thermischen Belastungen sowie Schwingungsbelastungen auf.DE-PS 36 11 165 describes an integrally cast piston for one Internal combustion engine in which a ceramic plate in a cap Iron base is anchored. The production of such a piston is time and expensive. There is also a loosening of the ceramic component here due to the high thermal loads as well as vibration loads on.

In der DE-OS 33 30 554 wird ein Kolben für eine Brennkraftmaschine beschrieben, dessen Brennraummulde mit einer durch thermisches Spritzen oder Einbrennen aufgebrachten Keramikbeschichtung versehen ist, in die eine Keramikeinlage eingegossen ist. Auch hier kann sich der Verbund Keramikeinlage/Keramik bei hoher Schwingungs- und Temperaturbelastung lockern und die schon beschriebenen Nachteile hervorrufen.In DE-OS 33 30 554 a piston for an internal combustion engine described, the combustion chamber trough with a thermal spray or baking applied ceramic coating is provided in the a ceramic insert is cast in. Here too, the association can Ceramic inlay / ceramic with high vibration and temperature stress loosen and cause the disadvantages already described.

Keramiken wurden auch auf metallische Kolben durch Aufsprühverfahren gemäß US-A-2,833,264 und DE-OS 34 04 284 oder Sinterung einer Keramik auf dem Kolbenmetall gemäß US-A-2,657,961 aufgebracht. Diese Methode hat aber den entscheidenden Nachteil, daß dicke Überzüge (80 bis 150 µm) aufgrund hoher Wärmegradienten und unterschiedlicher Wärmedehnung in Verbindung mit hohen Stoßbelastungen Risse bilden und der Verbund Keramiküberzug/Kolben dadurch an der Grenzfläche destabilisiert wird.Ceramics were also sprayed on metallic pistons according to US-A-2,833,264 and DE-OS 34 04 284 or sintering a ceramic applied to the piston metal according to US-A-2,657,961. This method has the decisive disadvantage that thick coatings (80 to 150 µm) due to high thermal gradients and different thermal expansion in Connection with high impact loads form cracks and the bond Ceramic coating / piston is thereby destabilized at the interface.

Der Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Leichtmetallkolben, insbesondere aus Aluminium oder Aluminiumlegierungen, bereitzustellen, der eine hochschwingungs- und hochtemperaturbelastbare wärmeisolierende Keramikschicht aufweist und somit eine hohe Verbundstabilität Keramik/Kolbenmaterial gewährleistet.The invention is based on the object, a light metal piston, in particular made of aluminum or aluminum alloys, which is a high vibration and high temperature resistant heat insulating Ceramic layer and thus a high bond stability Ceramics / piston material guaranteed.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch einen Leichtmetallkolben, gelöst, dessen Oberfläche ganz oder teilweise mit einer Oxidkeramik-Konversionsschicht überzogen ist.According to the invention, the object is achieved by a light metal piston, Whole or part of its surface with an oxide ceramic conversion layer is covered.

Der Kolben kann aus Aluminium oder Aluminiumlegierungen (vgl. Aluminium-Taschenbuch, Aluminium-Verlag Düsseldorf (1983), S. 1044) hergestellt sein.The piston can be made of aluminum or aluminum alloys (see aluminum paperback, Aluminum-Verlag Düsseldorf (1983), p. 1044) be.

Unter einer Oxidkeramik-Konversionsschicht wird hier und im folgenden eine Oxidkeramikschicht verstanden, die durch eine anodisch plasmaschemische Reaktion in einem Elektrolyten aus einer Leichtmetalloberfläche, vorzugsweise aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung, hergestellt wurde. Solche Schichten und die Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung sind beispielsweise aus der EP-B-280 886, EP-B-545 230 und DE-OS 41 04 847 bekannt. Bei dieser Reaktion wird ein Teil des Leichtmetalles zu einer Keramik oxidiert. Bei einem Aluminiumkolben bildet sich eine kristalline Al2O3-Keramik bis zu einer Stärke von 120 µm. Röntgenographisch lassen sich z.B. bei Verwendung des Kolbenmaterials AlS12CuMgNi auch Doppeloxide wie NiAl2O4 und/oder MgAl2O4 und/oder CuAl2O4 nachweisen. Die Elemente für die Doppeloxide sind die Legierungsbestandteile des Kolbenmaterials. Diese so hergestellte Konversionsschicht aus Keramik auf dem Kolben hat die Eigenschaft, daß sie mit dem Kolben sehr fest verbunden ist und hohe Belastungen wie Wärmeausdehnung bis 400 °C und Schwingungsbelastungen im High Cycle Fatigue bis 50 x 106 Lastwechsel pro Minute aushält. Gemäß einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform ist der Kolbenboden des Leichtmetallkolbens ganz oder teilweise mit einer Oxidkeramik-Konversionsschicht überzogen. An oxide ceramic conversion layer is understood here and below to mean an oxide ceramic layer which has been produced by an anodic plasma-chemical reaction in an electrolyte from a light metal surface, preferably from aluminum or an aluminum alloy. Such layers and the processes for their production are known for example from EP-B-280 886, EP-B-545 230 and DE-OS 41 04 847. In this reaction, part of the light metal is oxidized to a ceramic. A crystalline Al 2 O 3 ceramic with a thickness of up to 120 µm is formed in an aluminum piston. Double oxides such as NiAl 2 O 4 and / or MgAl 2 O 4 and / or CuAl 2 O 4 can also be detected by X-ray analysis, for example when using the piston material AlS12CuMgNi. The elements for the double oxides are the alloy components of the piston material. This conversion layer made of ceramic on the piston has the property that it is very firmly connected to the piston and can withstand high loads such as thermal expansion up to 400 ° C and vibration loads in high cycle fatigue up to 50 x 10 6 load changes per minute. According to a further embodiment according to the invention, the piston crown of the light metal piston is completely or partially covered with an oxide ceramic conversion layer.

Ebenso kann die Brennmulde und/oder der Feuersteg mit einer Oxidkeramik-Konversionsschicht überzogen sein.Likewise, the firebox and / or the top land can be provided with an oxide ceramic conversion layer be covered.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung beträgt die Schichtdicke der Oxidkeramik-Konversionsschicht 10 bis 150 µm, vorzugsweise 60 bis 80 µm.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the layer thickness is the oxide ceramic conversion layer 10 to 150 microns, preferably 60 up to 80 µm.

Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform sind in der Oxidkeramik-Konversionsschicht Verbrennungskatalysatoren eingelagert, die zur vollständigen Verbrennung des Kraftstoffes zu Kohlendioxid und Wasser dienen.According to a particularly preferred embodiment according to the invention are combustion catalysts in the oxide ceramic conversion layer stored for the complete combustion of the fuel to carbon dioxide and serve water.

Solche Katalysatoren sind beispielsweise Metalle wie Edelmetalle z.B. Platin, Palladium, Rhodium, Ruthenium oder oxidische Verbindungen aus Nichtedelmetallen wie Oxide des Kupfers, Chroms, Mangans, Eisens, Kobalts, Nickels und deren Kombinationen.Such catalysts are, for example, metals such as precious metals e.g. Platinum, Palladium, rhodium, ruthenium or oxidic compounds made of non-precious metals such as oxides of copper, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, Nickels and their combinations.

Das folgende Beispiel dient zur Erläuterung der Erfindung:The following example serves to explain the invention:

Beispiel:Example:

Ein Leichtmetallkolben aus G-AlSiCuNi wird in eine elektrische Kontaktierungsvorrichtung so eingespannt, daß nur der Kolbenboden mit dem Elektrolyten in Berührung kommt. Die anodische plasmachemische Reaktion des Kolbenbodens erfolgt bei Stromdichten von 5 A/dm2 und einer Endspannung von 220 - 230 V. Die Schichtdicke beträgt 60 µm und ist bei einer Beschichtungszeit von 45 min erreicht.A light metal piston made of G-AlSiCuNi is clamped in an electrical contacting device so that only the piston head comes into contact with the electrolyte. The anodic plasma chemical reaction of the piston crown takes place at current densities of 5 A / dm 2 and a final voltage of 220 - 230 V. The layer thickness is 60 µm and is achieved with a coating time of 45 min.

Versuche im Motortest ergaben, daß bei sehr hohen Belastungen die Verbundstabilität Keramikkonversionsschicht/Kolben erhalten bleibt und sich keine Risse gebildet haben.Tests in the engine test showed that the bond stability at very high loads Ceramic conversion layer / piston remains intact have not formed any cracks.

Claims (7)

  1. A light metal piston, characterised in that its surface is totally or partly coated with an oxide ceramic conversion layer.
  2. A light metal piston according to claim 1, characterised in that the piston head is totally or partly coated with an oxide ceramic conversion layer.
  3. A light metal piston according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the combustion chamber recess is coated with an oxide ceramic conversion layer.
  4. A light metal piston according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the top land is also coated with an oxide ceramic conversion layer.
  5. A light metal piston according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the layer thickness of the oxide ceramic conversion layer is 10 to 150 µm.
  6. A light metal piston according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the layer thickness of the oxide ceramic conversion layer is 60 to 80 µm.
  7. A light metal piston according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that combustion catalysts are incorporated in the oxide ceramic conversion layer.
EP96914053A 1995-05-08 1996-05-08 Ceramic-coated light-metal piston for internal combustion engines Expired - Lifetime EP0839271B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19516815 1995-05-08
DE19516815A DE19516815A1 (en) 1995-05-08 1995-05-08 Ceramicized light alloy pistons for internal combustion engines
PCT/DE1996/000797 WO1996035868A1 (en) 1995-05-08 1996-05-08 Ceramic-coated light-metal piston for internal combustion engines

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0839271A1 EP0839271A1 (en) 1998-05-06
EP0839271B1 true EP0839271B1 (en) 1998-12-16

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96914053A Expired - Lifetime EP0839271B1 (en) 1995-05-08 1996-05-08 Ceramic-coated light-metal piston for internal combustion engines

Country Status (6)

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EP (1) EP0839271B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE174662T1 (en)
AU (1) AU5758896A (en)
DE (4) DE19516815A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2127637T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1996035868A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10320979B4 (en) * 2003-05-09 2006-01-05 Federal-Mogul Nürnberg GmbH Piston for an internal combustion engine and method for coating a piston for an internal combustion engine
EP1657326B2 (en) † 2004-11-16 2017-10-11 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Aluminium-piston at least partially covered with an alumina film

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009012945A1 (en) * 2009-03-12 2010-09-16 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Method for producing an abrasive coating and component for a turbomachine

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2626131C2 (en) * 1976-06-11 1982-06-03 Mahle Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Hard anodized light metal pistons for internal combustion engines
DD275891A1 (en) * 1988-10-03 1990-02-07 Barkas Werke Veb INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH A CATALYTICALLY COATED COMBUSTION ENGINE
DE4037393A1 (en) * 1990-11-22 1992-07-30 Jenoptik Jena Gmbh Electrolyte for anodising light metal or alloy to oxide ceramic coating - contg. ammonium di:hydrogen phosphate and ammonium acetate in aq. soln.
DE4139006C3 (en) * 1991-11-27 2003-07-10 Electro Chem Eng Gmbh Process for producing oxide ceramic layers on barrier layer-forming metals and objects produced in this way from aluminum, magnesium, titanium or their alloys with an oxide ceramic layer
DE4242099A1 (en) * 1992-12-14 1994-06-16 Abb Patent Gmbh Appts., esp. gas turbine appts. - having coating on its operating parts in contact with fuel gas or waste gas to reduce pollutant emissions
DE4303135C2 (en) * 1993-02-04 1997-06-05 Mtu Muenchen Gmbh Thermal insulation layer made of ceramic on metal components and process for their production

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10320979B4 (en) * 2003-05-09 2006-01-05 Federal-Mogul Nürnberg GmbH Piston for an internal combustion engine and method for coating a piston for an internal combustion engine
EP1657326B2 (en) † 2004-11-16 2017-10-11 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Aluminium-piston at least partially covered with an alumina film

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2127637T3 (en) 1999-04-16
DE19680303D2 (en) 1997-08-21
DE59601018D1 (en) 1999-01-28
AU5758896A (en) 1996-11-29
EP0839271A1 (en) 1998-05-06
DE19516815A1 (en) 1996-11-14
DE29680358U1 (en) 1998-02-12
ATE174662T1 (en) 1999-01-15
WO1996035868A1 (en) 1996-11-14

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