EP0833105B1 - Premix burner - Google Patents

Premix burner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0833105B1
EP0833105B1 EP97810622A EP97810622A EP0833105B1 EP 0833105 B1 EP0833105 B1 EP 0833105B1 EP 97810622 A EP97810622 A EP 97810622A EP 97810622 A EP97810622 A EP 97810622A EP 0833105 B1 EP0833105 B1 EP 0833105B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
premix burner
burner according
mixing tube
flow
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP97810622A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0833105A3 (en
EP0833105A2 (en
Inventor
Hans Peter Knöpfel
Giacomo F. Bolis
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General Electric Switzerland GmbH
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Alstom Schweiz AG
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Publication of EP0833105A3 publication Critical patent/EP0833105A3/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D11/00Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • F23D11/402Mixing chambers downstream of the nozzle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D17/00Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07002Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D2209/00Safety arrangements
    • F23D2209/10Flame flashback

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a premix burner according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Lean premixed combustion is a common procedure to achieve low pollutant emissions, in particular Nitric oxide emissions when burning fuels with a low content of nitrogen compounds. From publications has become known that with experimental burners by improving the mixing quality of air and fuel a further reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions, in particular when burning under high pressure like this The newer generation of gas turbines is possible. A transfer of such experimental burners to machine technology is however not easily possible because here high demands regarding flame stabilization and Pre-ignition safety exists. Conventional spin-stabilized and machine-compatible premix burners mix the fuel into the combustion air just before the flame zone.
  • a burner which in consists essentially of a cylindrical chamber, which in turn has several tangentially arranged slots, through which the combustion air inside the chamber flows.
  • these slots at the transition to the interior the chamber, act in the axial direction a number of Fuel nozzles, through which preferably a gaseous one Fuel mixed with the combustion air flowing through there becomes.
  • the interior of the chamber is also with provided a conical body, which is in the direction of flow tapered, being conical in the area of the tip Body more fuel nozzles for one preferably liquid fuel are provided. Downstream of the The cone tip of this body becomes the combustion air for ignition brought. Around the flame outside the premixing section To keep the burner stable, the flow in the chamber must respectively.
  • Premix section itself be supercritical, i.e. the Twist count must be so small here that there is no vortex burst comes.
  • the critical swirl number can be Reach three parameters in the right place: By making a change the width of the tangential slots, and on the other hand by adjusting the angle of the tapered body in the Interior of the chamber as well as by adding a central one Support air, whether it is swirled or unswirled. Through the Fuel injection in the area of the slots are in their Interpretation but very limited. In addition, leaves optimal homogeneous mixing of air and fuel not reach immediately, this applies in particular to those fuel injections that are at the end of the burner are located in the immediate area of the Flame front are located, which is also due to this proximity there is a latent risk of reignition. Furthermore, the both gaseous as well as liquid fuel due to the short Distance between injection to flame not good with the Air mixes, which results in local fat zones in the Flames result in high NOx emissions and higher Cause pulsations.
  • the invention seeks to remedy this.
  • the invention how it is characterized in the claims, the task lies the basis for a premix burner of the type mentioned Art to remedy the above disadvantages.
  • the flow at the exit of the swirl generator is chosen so is that there is no vortex burst. That the Swirl generator downstream mixing tube ensures that the Flame zone is shifted further downstream and that Air / fuel mixture better mixed.
  • bursts from the swirl generator induced vortex flow then forms there a backflow bubble or backflow zone, which is a stabilization the flame front causes.
  • An exit radius with a tear-off edge which is on the combustion chamber side is attached in the burner front, ensures by an enlargement of the backflow bladder to strengthen the Flame zone and thus better flame stability.
  • the size of the radius depends on the flow inside the mixing tube from. It is chosen so that the flow adjusts to the Applies to the wall and thus the swirl number increases sharply. Across from In a flow without a radius, the backflow bubble now increases tremendous, which maximizes stabilization of the Flame front causes.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that the enlargement of the backflow bubble by others Measures can be achieved within the burner front, preferably due to toroidal recesses in the burner front.
  • FIG. 1 To better understand the structure of the premix burner, is it is advantageous if at the same time as FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 is used. Furthermore, not unnecessary to Fig. 1 The tangential air supply ducts must be confusing has only been shown schematically. Hereinafter 1 in the description of FIG. 2 pointed out.
  • the swirl generator 10 consists of two hollow partial shells 11, 12 which are nested offset from one another (see FIG. 2). , The offset of the respective central axis or longitudinal axis of symmetry 11b, 12b (see FIG. 2) to each other creates a tangential air inlet duct 11a, 12a on both sides, in a mirror-image arrangement, through which a combustion air 16 or a fuel / air mixture into one flows from the partial shells 11, 12 formed interior 18.
  • the aforementioned longitudinal symmetry axes preferably run parallel to one another, whereupon the tangential air inlet ducts 11a, 12a have a constant flow cross section.
  • the flow cross-section in the axial direction can be regularly or irregularly reduced or increased by a corresponding course of the longitudinal symmetry axes.
  • the shells 11, 12 themselves are preferably cylindrical in the direction of flow. However, they can have a different geometrical configuration which directly induce the flow cross section of the interior 18.
  • the shells 11, 12 can be designed as a Venturi tube.
  • the design options mentioned are not shown in detail in the drawing, since they can be easily understood by the person skilled in the art.
  • the number of shells that form the swirl generator 10 they are not limited to two, as can be seen from the exemplary embodiment. A larger number of tangentially arranged air inlet ducts is easily possible depending on the operation.
  • the individual shells arranged offset from one another can easily be replaced by a coherent tube, the tube wall of which is provided with tangentially arranged slots, which then form the tangential air inflow channels.
  • a conical inner body 13 is arranged in the inner space 18, which tapers in the direction of flow and tapers out largely in the shape of a tip.
  • the conical configuration of this inner body 13, which has approximately the length of the tangential air inlet ducts, is not limited to the shape shown: an outer shape of this inner body 13 as a diffuser or confuser is also possible.
  • the measure for the design of this inner body 13 in interdependency with the tangentially flowing combustion air 16 is the achievement of a certain number of swirls at the output of the swirl generator.
  • the inner body 13 has a central bore 19 through which a fuel lance 14 is drawn, which in turn extends to approximately the tip of the inner body.
  • a liquid fuel is preferably introduced through this fuel lance 14, the injection into the interior 18 via a fuel nozzle 17 which generates a fuel spray angle indicated for operation.
  • This fuel nozzle 17 thus forms the actual head stage of the premix burner.
  • the fuel lance 14 is encased with a supporting air 15, which triggers at least one axial pulse to stabilize the flame front 30 that forms in the combustion chamber 30.
  • this supporting air 15 contributes to enhancing the optimization of the premixing process, in particular the local stabilization of the flame front, which supporting air can also be enriched by a partial amount of a recirculated exhaust gas.
  • This supporting air can also be replaced by another air / fuel mixture. So that a backflow bubble cannot form at the end of the swirl generator 10, it is important that the swirl formed by the tangential flow remains subcritical. This can be achieved by various measures, one of which relates to the flow cross section of the tangential air inlet ducts 11a, 12a, another is directed to the number of these ducts, the conical shape of the inner body 13 playing an interdependent role with the measures mentioned.
  • the swirl flow consisting of an air / fuel mixture 23 therefore flows into a backflow zone without formation a downstream of the swirl generator 10 connected Mixing section 20, which consists essentially of a mixing tube 21 exists.
  • This mixing tube 21 fulfills the condition that downstream of the swirl generator 10 a defined mixture is provided in which a perfect premix of A wide variety of fuels is achieved.
  • the mixing tube 21, i.e. its length also enables lossless Flow guidance, this being a pronounced maximum of the axial velocity profile on the axis 24, so that the flame does not reignite from the combustion chamber 30 is possible.
  • the axial velocity to the wall of the mixing tube 21 drops.
  • the mixing tube 21 is in flow and Circumferential direction with a number of regular or irregular distributed flow openings 22 which are different are designed in cross-section and flow direction.
  • This flow openings 22 flows an amount of air into the Inside of the mixing tube, and along the inside wall in the sense a filming an increase in the axial speed prevailing there induce and the mixture in this Lean area.
  • Another configuration around the same To achieve effect is to cross-section the Mixing tube 21 to be provided with a constriction, whereby the total speed level within this flow path is increased.
  • the flow openings are in the figure 22 formed as bores, which point under a Angle with respect to the burner axis 24. If someone the precautions taken when guiding the swirl flow 23 along the mixing tube 21 an intolerable If there is a loss of pressure, this can be remedied be by a at the end of the mixing tube 21 in the figure not visible diffuser is provided.
  • the combustion chamber 30 closes , which is indicated schematically by a flame tube 31, the transition between the two flow cross-sections is characterized by a cross-sectional jump.
  • This The transition is further made by a front wall 25 formed, which is arranged on the end face of the combustion chamber and has a number of openings through which an amount of air flows directly into the edge zones of the cross-sectional jump.
  • a flow Border zone in which by the predominant there This leads to negative pressure vortex detachments to a strengthened ring stabilization of the backflow zone 32.
  • FIG. 2 shows the configuration in a schematic representation the nested partial shells 11, 12.
  • these partial shells are also mutually above this level movable, i.e. it is easily possible to have one Overlapping the same in the area of the tangential air inlet slots 11a, 12a to accomplish.
  • the partial shells 11, 12 by an opposing to interleave rotating movement in a spiral. This allows the shape and size of the tangential Vary air inlet slots 11a, 12a so that the swirl number and swirl strength from the swirl generator 10 each Conditions can be adjusted.
  • the tangential air inlet slots 11a, 12a each form the outlet opening a feed channel, not shown in detail.
  • tangential air inlet channels are further fuel nozzles provided by which preferably a gaseous Fuel 16 is injected.
  • a gaseous Fuel 16 is injected.
  • the design of this fuel injection can be seen from EP-0 321 809 B1, wherein this document an integral part of this Description is collected.
  • FIG. 3 shows the tear-off edge A already mentioned, which is formed in the front wall 25.
  • transition radius R provided, its size basically from the flow within the mixing tube 21 depends.
  • This radius R is chosen so that the flow lays against the wall and the swirl number increases sharply leaves.
  • the size of the radius R can be quantified in this way define that this is> 10% of the flow diameter d of the mixing tube 21.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical field

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Vormischbrenner gemäss Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to a premix burner according to the preamble of claim 1.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Magere vorgemischte Verbrennung ist ein verbreitetes Verfahren zum Erreichen niedriger Schadstoff-Emissionen, insbesondere Stickoxid-Emissionen, bei der Verbrennung von Brennstoffen mit geringem Gehalt an Stickstoffverbindungen. Aus Publikationen ist bekanntgeworden, dass mit Experimentalbrennern durch Verbesserung der Mischungsgüte von Luft und Brennstoff eine weitere Verringerung der Stickoxid-Emissionen, insbesondere bei der Verbrennung unter hohem Druck, wie dies bei Gasturbinen der neueren Generation der Fall ist, möglich ist. Eine Uebertragung solcher Experimentalbrenner auf die Maschinentechnologie ist jedoch nicht ohne weiteres möglich, da hier hohe Anforderungen bezüglich Flammenstabilisierung und Rückzündsicherheit bestehen. Herkömmliche drallstabilisierte und maschinentaugliche Vormischbrenner mischen den Brennstoff erst kurz vor der Flammenzone in die Verbrennungsluft ein. Lean premixed combustion is a common procedure to achieve low pollutant emissions, in particular Nitric oxide emissions when burning fuels with a low content of nitrogen compounds. From publications has become known that with experimental burners by improving the mixing quality of air and fuel a further reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions, in particular when burning under high pressure like this The newer generation of gas turbines is possible. A transfer of such experimental burners to machine technology is however not easily possible because here high demands regarding flame stabilization and Pre-ignition safety exists. Conventional spin-stabilized and machine-compatible premix burners mix the fuel into the combustion air just before the flame zone.

Untersuchungen in diesem Zusammenhang haben ergeben, dass hiermit noch keine homogene Vermischung von Luft und Brennstoff bis zur Flammenzone erreicht werden kann. Eine Verlegung der Brennstoffeindüsung stromauf zur Verlängerung der Mischungszeit und damit Verbesserung der Mischungsgüte ist wegen der damit verbundenen Rückzündungsgefahr in einem maschinentauglichen Brenner nicht zugelassen.Studies in this context have shown that hereby no homogeneous mixing of air and fuel can be reached up to the flame zone. A relocation the fuel injection upstream to extend the Mixing time and thus improving the quality of the mixture because of the associated risk of reignition in one machine-compatible burner not permitted.

Aus WO 93/17279 ist ein Brenner bekanntgeworden, der im wesentlichen aus einer zylindrischen Kammer besteht, welche ihrerseits mehrere tangential angeordnete Schlitze aufweist, durch welche die Verbrennungsluft ins Innere der Kammer strömt. Im Bereich dieser Schlitze, am Uebergang zum Innenraum der Kammer, wirken in axialer Richtung eine Reihe von Brennstoffdüsen, durch welche vorzugsweise ein gasförmiger Brennstoff der dort durchströmenden Verbrennungsluft beigemischt wird. Der Innenraum der Kammer ist des weiteren mit einem kegelförmigen Körper versehen, der sich in Strömungsrichtung verjüngt, wobei im Bereich der Spitze dieses kegelförmigen Körpers weitere Brennstoffdüsen für einen vorzugsweise flüssigen Brennstoff vorgesehen sind. Stromab der Kegelspitze dieses Körpers wird die Verbrennungsluft zur Zündung gebracht. Um die Flamme ausserhalb der Vormischstrecke des Brenners stabil zu halten, muss die Strömung in der Kammer resp. Vormischstrecke selbst überkritisch sein, d.h., die Drallzahl muss hier so klein sein, dass es zu keinem Wirbelaufplatzen kommt. Die kritische Drallzahl lässt sich durch drei Parameter am richtigen Ort erreichen: Durch eine Veränderung der Breite der tangentialen Schlitze, und andererseits durch eine Anpassung des Winkels des kegeligen Körpers im Innenraum der Kammer sowie durch Zugabe einer zentralen Stützluft, sei sie verdrallt oder unverdrallt. Durch die Brennstoffeindüsung im Bereich der Schlitze sind diese in ihrer Auslegung aber stark eingeschränkt. Darüber hinaus lässt sich eine optimale homogene Vermischung von Luft und Brennstoff nicht unmittelbar erreichen, dies gilt insbesondere für jene Brennstoffeindüsungen, die sich am Ende des Brenners befinden, und die sich demnach im unmittelbaren Bereich der Flammenfront befinden, womit durch diese Nähe überdies eine latente Rückzündungsgefahr besteht. Ferner wird der sowohl gasförmige als auch flüssige Brennstoff durch die kurze Strecke zwischen Eindüsung bis zur Flamme nicht gut mit der Luft vermischt, woraus sich örtliche fette Zonen in der Flamme ergeben, welche zu hohen NOx-Emissionen und höheren Pulsationen führen.From WO 93/17279 a burner has become known, which in consists essentially of a cylindrical chamber, which in turn has several tangentially arranged slots, through which the combustion air inside the chamber flows. In the area of these slots, at the transition to the interior the chamber, act in the axial direction a number of Fuel nozzles, through which preferably a gaseous one Fuel mixed with the combustion air flowing through there becomes. The interior of the chamber is also with provided a conical body, which is in the direction of flow tapered, being conical in the area of the tip Body more fuel nozzles for one preferably liquid fuel are provided. Downstream of the The cone tip of this body becomes the combustion air for ignition brought. Around the flame outside the premixing section To keep the burner stable, the flow in the chamber must respectively. Premix section itself be supercritical, i.e. the Twist count must be so small here that there is no vortex burst comes. The critical swirl number can be Reach three parameters in the right place: By making a change the width of the tangential slots, and on the other hand by adjusting the angle of the tapered body in the Interior of the chamber as well as by adding a central one Support air, whether it is swirled or unswirled. Through the Fuel injection in the area of the slots are in their Interpretation but very limited. In addition, leaves optimal homogeneous mixing of air and fuel not reach immediately, this applies in particular to those fuel injections that are at the end of the burner are located in the immediate area of the Flame front are located, which is also due to this proximity there is a latent risk of reignition. Furthermore, the both gaseous as well as liquid fuel due to the short Distance between injection to flame not good with the Air mixes, which results in local fat zones in the Flames result in high NOx emissions and higher Cause pulsations.

Zusammengefasst ergeben sich bei einem solchen Brenner folgende Probleme:

  • a) Erhöhung der Gefahr des Flammenrückschlages,
  • b) Kleinerer Betriebsbereich mit optimaler Flammenposition,
  • c) Die NOx-Emissionen steigen an,
  • d) Hohe Pulsationen,
  • e) Ungenügender Ausbrand.
  • In summary, the following problems arise with such a burner:
  • a) increasing the risk of flashback,
  • b) Smaller operating area with optimal flame position,
  • c) the NOx emissions increase,
  • d) high pulsations,
  • e) Insufficient burnout.
  • Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

    Hier will die Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen. Der Erfindung, wie sie in den Ansprüchen gekennzeichnet ist, liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einem Vormischbrenner der eingangs genannten Art die obengenannten Nachteile zu beheben.The invention seeks to remedy this. The invention how it is characterized in the claims, the task lies the basis for a premix burner of the type mentioned Art to remedy the above disadvantages.

    Die Konfiguration des zum Stand der Technik gehörenden Brenners erfüllt nun erfindungsgemäss die ausschliessliche Funktion eines Drallerzeugers, wobei diesem Drallerzeuger ein Mischrohr nachgeschaltet ist. Erst am Ausgang dieses Mischrohres bildet sich die Flammenzone.The configuration of the burner belonging to the state of the art now fulfills the exclusive function according to the invention a swirl generator, this swirl generator a Mixing tube is connected downstream. Only at the exit of this mixing tube the flame zone forms.

    Die wesentlichen Vorteile der Erfindung sind darin zu sehen, dass die Strömung am Austritt des Drallerzeugers so gewählt wird, dass es zu keinem Wirbelaufplatzen kommt. Das dem Drallerzeuger nachgeschaltete Mischrohr sorgt dafür, dass die Flammenzone weiter stromab verschoben wird und sich das Luft/Brennstoff-Gemisch besser vermischt. Am Austritt des Mischrohres in die Brennkammer platzt dann die vom Drallerzeuger induzierte Wirbelströmung auf: Dort bildet sich dann eine Rückströmblase oder Rückströmzone, welche eine Stabilisierung der Flammenfront bewirkt. Um ein Flammenrückschlagen in den wandnahen Bereichen (Wandgrenzschichten) des Mischrohres zu verhindern, wird das Mischrohr mit Filmlegelöcher oder- schlitzen versehen, welche die Grenzschicht spühlt und auch abmagert. Im Brennerzentrum wird ein Flammenrückschlagen dadurch verhindert, dass zentral Stützluft eingedüst wird. Diese Stützluft kann rein axial gerichtet oder mit einem Drall versehen sein.The main advantages of the invention can be seen in that the flow at the exit of the swirl generator is chosen so is that there is no vortex burst. That the Swirl generator downstream mixing tube ensures that the Flame zone is shifted further downstream and that Air / fuel mixture better mixed. At the exit of the Mixing tube in the combustion chamber then bursts from the swirl generator induced vortex flow: then forms there a backflow bubble or backflow zone, which is a stabilization the flame front causes. For a flashback in the areas near the wall (wall boundary layers) of the mixing tube to prevent the mixing tube with film lay holes or- provide slots which flush the boundary layer and also emaciated. In the burner center there is a flashback this prevents that supporting air is injected centrally. This support air can be directed axially or with a Be twisted.

    Ein Austrittsradius mit einer Abrisskante, welcher brennkammerseitig in der Brennerfront angebracht ist, sorgt durch eine Vergrösserung der Rückströmblase für eine Stärkung der Flammenzone und somit eine bessere Flammenstabilität. Die Grösse des Radius hängt von der Strömung innerhalb des Mischrohres ab. Er wird so gewählt, dass sich die Strömung an die Wand anlegt und somit die Drallzahl stark ansteigt. Gegenüber einer Strömung ohne Radius vergrössert sich nun die Rückströmblase gewaltig, was eine maximierte Stabilisierung der Flammenfront bewirkt.An exit radius with a tear-off edge, which is on the combustion chamber side is attached in the burner front, ensures by an enlargement of the backflow bladder to strengthen the Flame zone and thus better flame stability. The The size of the radius depends on the flow inside the mixing tube from. It is chosen so that the flow adjusts to the Applies to the wall and thus the swirl number increases sharply. Across from In a flow without a radius, the backflow bubble now increases tremendous, which maximizes stabilization of the Flame front causes.

    Ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung ist darin zun sehen, dass die Vergrösserung der Rückströmblase auch durch andere Massmahmen innerhalb der Brennerfront zu erreichen ist, vorzugsweise durch torusähnliche Aussparungen in der Brennerfront.Another advantage of the invention is that the enlargement of the backflow bubble by others Measures can be achieved within the burner front, preferably due to toroidal recesses in the burner front.

    Vorteilhafte und zweckmässige Weiterbildungen der erfindungsgemässen Aufgabenlösung sind in den weiteren Ansprüchen gekennzeichnet. Advantageous and expedient developments of the inventive Task solutions are characterized in the other claims.

    Im folgenden wird anhand der Zeichnungen Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung näher erläutert. Alle für das unmittelbare Verständnis der Erfindung nicht erforderlichen Elemente sind fortgelassen worden. Die Strömungsrichtung der Medien ist mit Pfeilen angegeben. Gleiche Elemente sind in den verschiedenen Figuren mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.In the following, exemplary embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings the invention explained in more detail. All for immediate understanding are not necessary elements of the invention been left out. The direction of flow of the media is with Arrows indicated. The same elements are in the different Figures with the same reference numerals.

    Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

    Es zeigt:

    Fig. 1
    einen Vormischbrenner bestehend aus einem Drallerzeuger mit anschliessendem Mischrohr und Brennkammer,
    Fig. 2
    einen Querschnitt durch den Drallerzeuger längs der Schnittebene II.-II und
    Fig. 3
    eine Ausgestaltung der Frontwand zum Brennraum.
    It shows:
    Fig. 1
    a premix burner consisting of a swirl generator with a subsequent mixing tube and combustion chamber,
    Fig. 2
    a cross section through the swirl generator along the section plane II.-II and
    Fig. 3
    an embodiment of the front wall to the combustion chamber.

    Wege zur Ausführung der Erfindung, gewerbliche VerwendbarkeitWAYS OF IMPLEMENTING THE INVENTION, INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

    Um den Aufbau des Vormischbrenners besser zu verstehen, ist es von Vorteil, wenn gleichzeitig zu Fig. 1 auch Fig. 2 herangezogen wird. Des weiteren, um Fig. 1 nicht unnötig unübersichtlich zu gestalten, sind die tangentialen Luftzuführungskanäle nur schematisch dargestellt worden. Im folgenden wird bei der Beschreibung von Fig. 1 nach Bedarf auf Fig. 2 hingewiesen.To better understand the structure of the premix burner, is it is advantageous if at the same time as FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 is used. Furthermore, not unnecessary to Fig. 1 The tangential air supply ducts must be confusing has only been shown schematically. Hereinafter 1 in the description of FIG. 2 pointed out.

    Der Vormischbrenner nach Fig. 1 besteht aus einem Drallerzeuger 10, einer dem Drallerzeuger nachgeschalteten Mischstrecke 20 und einer anschliessend wirkenden Brennkammer 30. Der Drallerzeuger 10 besteht aus zwei hohlen Teilschalen 11, 12, die versetzt zueinander ineinandergeschachtelt sind (Vgl. hierzu Fig. 2). Die Versetzung der jeweiligen Mittelachse oder Längssymmetrieachse 11b, 12b (Vgl. Fig. 2) zueinander schafft auf beiden Seiten, in spiegelbildlicher Anordnung, je einen tangentialen Lufteintrittskanal 11a, 12a frei, durch welche eine Verbrennungsluft 16 oder ein Brennstoff/Luft-Gemisch in einen von den Teilschalen 11, 12 gebildeten Innenraum 18 strömt. Die genannten Längssymmetrieachsen verlaufen vorzugsweise parallel zueinander, worauf die tangentialen Lufteintrittskanäle 11a, 12a einen konstanten Durchflussquerschnitt aufweisen. Bei Bedarf lässt sich der Durchflussquerschnitt in axialer Richtung durch einen entsprechenden Verlauf der Längssymmetrieachsen regelmässig oder unrelmässig zueinander ab- oder zunehmend gestalten. Die Schalen 11, 12 selbst verlaufen in Strömungsrichtung vorzugsweise zylindrisch. Sie können indessen eine andere geometrische Ausgestaltung einnehmen, welche unmittelbar den Durchflussquerschnitt des Innenraumes 18 induzieren. Beispielsweise können die Schalen 11, 12 als Venturirohr ausgebildet werden. Die genannten Ausführungsmöglichkeiten sind zeichnerisch nicht näher dargestellt, da sie für den Fachmann ohne weiteres nachzuempfinden sind. Was die Anzahl Schalen betrifft, welche den Drallerzeuger 10 bilden, so sind sie nicht auf zwei beschränkt, wie dies aus dem Ausführungsbeispiel hervorgeht. Eine grössere Anzahl tangential angeordneter Lufteintrittskanäle ist je nach Betrieb ohne weiteres möglich. Die einzelnen versetzt zueinander angeordneten Schalen lassen sich ohne weiteres durch ein zusammenhängendes Rohr ersetzen, dessen Rohrwand durch tangential angeordnete Schlitze versehen ist, welche dann die tangentialen Lufteinströmungskanäle bilden. Bei mehrschaliger Ausführung ist es ferner bei Bedarf möglich, die einzelnen Schalen spiralförmig ineinanderzuschachteln.
    In dem Innenraum 18 ist ein kegelförmiger Innenkörper 13 angeordnet, der sich in Strömungsrichtung verjüngt und weitgehend spitzenförmig ausläuft. Die kegelige Ausgestaltung dieses Innenkörpers 13, der in etwa die Länge der tangentialen Lufteintrittskanäle aufweist, ist nicht auf die dargestellte Form beschränkt: Eine äussere Form dieses Innenkörpers 13 als Diffusor oder Konfusor ist auch möglich. Mass für die Ausgestaltung dieses Innenkörpers 13 in Interdepedenz mit der tangential einströmenden Verbrennungsluft 16 ist die Erzielung einer bestimmten Drallzahl am Ausgang des Drallerzeugers. Der Innenkörper 13 weist zentral eine Bohrung 19 auf, durch welche eine Brennstofflanze 14 durchzogen wird, welche sich ihrerseits bis etwa zur Spitze des Innenkörpers erstreckt. Durch diese Brennstofflanze 14 wird vorzugsweise ein flüssiger Brennstoff herangeführt, dessen Eindüsung in den Innenraum 18 über eine Brennstoffdüse 17 geschieht, welche ein für den Betrieb angezeigter Brennstoffspraywinkel erzeugt. Somit bildet diese Brennstoffdüse 17 die eigentliche Kopfstufe des Vormischbrenners. Die Brennstofflanze 14 wird mit einer Stützluft 15 ummantelt, welche mindestens einen axialen Impuls zur Stabilisierung der sich in der Brennkammer 30 bildenden Flammenfront 30 auslöst. Ferner trägt diese Stützluft 15 dazu bei, die Optimierung des Vormischprozesses, insbesondere der ortlichen Stabilisierung der Flammenfront, zu verstärken, wobei diese Stützluft auch durch eine Teilmenge eines rückgeführten Abgases angereichert sein kann. Diese Stützluft kann darüber hinaus durch ein anderes Luft/Brennstoff-Gemisch ersetzt werden. Damit sich eine Rückströmblase nicht bereits am Ende des Drallerzeugers 10 bilden kann, ist es wichtig, dass der sich durch die tangentiale Strömung bildende Drall unterkritisch bleibt. Dies lässt sich durch verschiedene Massnahmen erreichen, eine davon betrifft den Durchflussquerschnitt der tangentialen Lufteintrittskanäle 11a, 12a, eine andere ist auf die Anzahl dieser Kanäle gerichtet, wobei der konische Verlauf des Innenkörpers 13 eine zu den genannten Massnahmen interdependente Rolle spielt.
    1 consists of a swirl generator 10, a mixing section 20 connected downstream of the swirl generator and a combustion chamber 30 which then acts. The swirl generator 10 consists of two hollow partial shells 11, 12 which are nested offset from one another (see FIG. 2). , The offset of the respective central axis or longitudinal axis of symmetry 11b, 12b (see FIG. 2) to each other creates a tangential air inlet duct 11a, 12a on both sides, in a mirror-image arrangement, through which a combustion air 16 or a fuel / air mixture into one flows from the partial shells 11, 12 formed interior 18. The aforementioned longitudinal symmetry axes preferably run parallel to one another, whereupon the tangential air inlet ducts 11a, 12a have a constant flow cross section. If necessary, the flow cross-section in the axial direction can be regularly or irregularly reduced or increased by a corresponding course of the longitudinal symmetry axes. The shells 11, 12 themselves are preferably cylindrical in the direction of flow. However, they can have a different geometrical configuration which directly induce the flow cross section of the interior 18. For example, the shells 11, 12 can be designed as a Venturi tube. The design options mentioned are not shown in detail in the drawing, since they can be easily understood by the person skilled in the art. As for the number of shells that form the swirl generator 10, they are not limited to two, as can be seen from the exemplary embodiment. A larger number of tangentially arranged air inlet ducts is easily possible depending on the operation. The individual shells arranged offset from one another can easily be replaced by a coherent tube, the tube wall of which is provided with tangentially arranged slots, which then form the tangential air inflow channels. In the case of a multi-shell design, it is also possible, if necessary, to nest the individual shells in a spiral manner.
    A conical inner body 13 is arranged in the inner space 18, which tapers in the direction of flow and tapers out largely in the shape of a tip. The conical configuration of this inner body 13, which has approximately the length of the tangential air inlet ducts, is not limited to the shape shown: an outer shape of this inner body 13 as a diffuser or confuser is also possible. The measure for the design of this inner body 13 in interdependency with the tangentially flowing combustion air 16 is the achievement of a certain number of swirls at the output of the swirl generator. The inner body 13 has a central bore 19 through which a fuel lance 14 is drawn, which in turn extends to approximately the tip of the inner body. A liquid fuel is preferably introduced through this fuel lance 14, the injection into the interior 18 via a fuel nozzle 17 which generates a fuel spray angle indicated for operation. This fuel nozzle 17 thus forms the actual head stage of the premix burner. The fuel lance 14 is encased with a supporting air 15, which triggers at least one axial pulse to stabilize the flame front 30 that forms in the combustion chamber 30. Furthermore, this supporting air 15 contributes to enhancing the optimization of the premixing process, in particular the local stabilization of the flame front, which supporting air can also be enriched by a partial amount of a recirculated exhaust gas. This supporting air can also be replaced by another air / fuel mixture. So that a backflow bubble cannot form at the end of the swirl generator 10, it is important that the swirl formed by the tangential flow remains subcritical. This can be achieved by various measures, one of which relates to the flow cross section of the tangential air inlet ducts 11a, 12a, another is directed to the number of these ducts, the conical shape of the inner body 13 playing an interdependent role with the measures mentioned.

    Die aus einem Luft/Brennstoff-Gemisch bestehende Drallströmung 23 strömt demnach ohne Bildung eine Rückströmzone in eine abströmungsseitig des Drallerzeugers 10 angeschlossene Mischstrecke 20, welche im wesentlichen aus einem Mischrohr 21 besteht. Dieses Mischrohr 21 erfüllt die Bedingung, dass stromab des Drallerzeugers 10 eine definierte Mischung bereitgestellt wird, in welcher eine perfekte Vormischung von Brennstoffen verschiedenster Art erzielt wird. Das Mischrohr 21, d.h. dessen Länge, ermöglicht des weiteren eine verlustfreie Strömungsführung, wobei dieses ein ausgeprägtes Maximum des Axialgeschwindigkeitsprofils auf der Achse 24 besitzt, so dass eine Rückzündung der Flamme aus der Brennkammer 30 nicht möglich ist. Allerdings darf nicht verkannt werden, dass bei einer solchen Konfiguration die Axialgeschwindigkeit zur Wand des Mischrohres 21 hin abfällt. Um Rückzündung auch in diesem Bereich zu unterbinden, wird das Mischrohr 21 in Strömungsund Umfangsrichtung mit einer Anzahl regelmässig oder unregelmässig verteilter Durchflussöffnungen 22, die verschieden in Querschnitt und Strömungsrichtung ausgebildet sind. Durch diese Durchflussöffnungen 22 strömt eine Luftmenge in das Innere des Mischrohres, und entlang der Innenwand im Sinne einer Filmlegung eine Erhöhung der dort vorherrschenden Axialgeschwindigkeit induzieren und das Gemisch in diesem Bereich abmagert. Eine andere Ausgestaltung um die gleiche Wirkung zu erzielen, besteht darin, den Querschnitt des Mischrohres 21 mit einer Verengung zu versehen, wodurch das gesamte Geschwindigkeitsniveau innerhalb dieser Strömungsstrecke erhöht wird. In der Figur sind die Durchflussöffnungen 22 als Bohrungen ausgebildet, welche unter einem spitzen Winkel gegenüber der Brennerachse 24 verlaufen. Wenn einer der gewählten Vorkehrungen bei der Führung der Drallströmung 23 entlang des Mischrohres 21 einen nicht tolerierbaren Druckverlust bewirkt, so kann hiergegen Abhilfe geschaffen werden, indem am Ende des Mischrohres 21 ein in der Figur nicht ersichtlicher Diffusor vorgesehen wird. The swirl flow consisting of an air / fuel mixture 23 therefore flows into a backflow zone without formation a downstream of the swirl generator 10 connected Mixing section 20, which consists essentially of a mixing tube 21 exists. This mixing tube 21 fulfills the condition that downstream of the swirl generator 10 a defined mixture is provided in which a perfect premix of A wide variety of fuels is achieved. The mixing tube 21, i.e. its length also enables lossless Flow guidance, this being a pronounced maximum of the axial velocity profile on the axis 24, so that the flame does not reignite from the combustion chamber 30 is possible. However, it should not be overlooked that at such a configuration, the axial velocity to the wall of the mixing tube 21 drops. To reignite this too To prevent the area, the mixing tube 21 is in flow and Circumferential direction with a number of regular or irregular distributed flow openings 22 which are different are designed in cross-section and flow direction. By this flow openings 22 flows an amount of air into the Inside of the mixing tube, and along the inside wall in the sense a filming an increase in the axial speed prevailing there induce and the mixture in this Lean area. Another configuration around the same To achieve effect is to cross-section the Mixing tube 21 to be provided with a constriction, whereby the total speed level within this flow path is increased. The flow openings are in the figure 22 formed as bores, which point under a Angle with respect to the burner axis 24. If someone the precautions taken when guiding the swirl flow 23 along the mixing tube 21 an intolerable If there is a loss of pressure, this can be remedied be by a at the end of the mixing tube 21 in the figure not visible diffuser is provided.

    Am Ende des Mischrohres 21 schliesst sich die Brennkammer 30 an, welche schematisch durch ein Flammrohr 31 angedeutet ist, wobei der Uebergang zwischen den beiden Durchflussquerschnitten durch einen Querschnittssprung charakterisiert ist. Dieser Uebergang wird des weiteren durch eine Frontwand 25 gebildet, welche stirnseitig zum Brennraum angeordnet ist und eine Anzahl Oeffnungen aufweist, durch welche eine Luftmenge direkt in die Randzonen des Querschnittssprunges einströmt. Erst in der Ebene des Querschnittssprunges bildet sich eine zentrale Rückströmzone 32, welche die Eigenschaften eines körperlosen Flammenhalters entfaltet. Bildet sich innerhalb des Querschnittssprunges während des Betriebes eine strömungsmässige Randzone, in welcher durch den dort vorherrschenden Unterdruck Wirbelablösungen enstehen, so führt dies zu einer vestärkten Ringstabilisation der Rückströmzone 32. Eine weitere Stärkung derselben wird durch die Eindüsung der über die Brennerfront eingebrachten Luft 26 erreicht. Schliesslich ist eine weitere Stärkung der Rückströmzone 32 dadurch zu erreichen, indem in der Brennerfrontwand brennkammerseitig eine sogenannte Abrisskannte (Vgl. Fig. 3) oder torusähnliche Aussparungen vorgesehen werden.At the end of the mixing tube 21, the combustion chamber 30 closes , which is indicated schematically by a flame tube 31, the transition between the two flow cross-sections is characterized by a cross-sectional jump. This The transition is further made by a front wall 25 formed, which is arranged on the end face of the combustion chamber and has a number of openings through which an amount of air flows directly into the edge zones of the cross-sectional jump. One only forms in the level of the cross-sectional jump central backflow zone 32, which has the properties of a disembodied flame holder unfolded. Forms within the cross-sectional jump during operation a flow Border zone, in which by the predominant there This leads to negative pressure vortex detachments to a strengthened ring stabilization of the backflow zone 32. A further strengthening of the same is the injection of the Air 26 introduced via the burner front is reached. Finally, the backflow zone 32 is further strengthened to achieve this by in the burner front wall on the combustion chamber side a so-called demolition edge (see FIG. 3) or toroidal recesses are provided.

    Im Bereich des Querschnittssprunges bildet sich aufgrund der dort entstehenden unterkritischen Drallströmung ein Wirbelaufplatzen, welche die Rückströmzone 32 induziert. Die Zündung erfolgt an der Spitze dieser Rückströmzone 32: Erst an dieser Stelle kann eine stabile Flammenfront entstehen. Die Gefahr eines Rückschlages der Flammme in das Mischrohr 21 des Vormischbrenners, wie dies bei den bekanntgewordenen Vormischstrecken stets latent der Fall ist, wogegen dort mit komplizierten körperlichen Flammenhaltern Abhilfe gesucht wird, ist hier aus den genannten Gründen nicht zu befürchten. Ist die Verbrennungsluft 16 vorgeheizt, oder mit einem der erwähnten Medien, vorzugsweise mit rückgeführtem Abgas angereichert, so unterstützt dies die Verdampfung des durch die Kopfstufe eingedüsten flüssigen Brennstoffes. In the area of the cross-sectional jump forms due to the there arise subcritical swirl flow a vortex burst, which induces the backflow zone 32. The Ignition takes place at the top of this backflow zone 32: first a stable flame front can arise at this point. The danger of flashbacks in the mixing tube 21 of the premix burner, as is the case with the premix sections which have become known is always latent, whereas there is also complicated physical flame holders sought remedy is not to be feared here for the reasons mentioned. Is the combustion air 16 preheated, or with one of the mentioned media, preferably enriched with recirculated exhaust gas, so this supports the evaporation of the by Head stage injected liquid fuel.

    Fig. 2 zeigt in schematischer Darstellung die Konfiguration der ineinandergeschachtelten Teilschalen 11, 12. Selbstverständlich sind diese Teilschalen auch über diese Ebene zueinander verschiebbar, d.h., es ist ohne weiteres möglich, eine Ueberlappung derselben im Bereich der tangentialen Lufteintrittsschlitze 11a, 12a zu bewerkstelligen. Es ist des weiteren auch möglich, die Teilschalen 11, 12 durch eine gegenläufige drehende Bewegung spiralartig ineinander zu verschachteln. Somit lassen sich Form und Grösse der tangentialen Lufteintrittsschlitze 11a, 12a so varieren, dass die Drallzahl und Drallstärke aus dem Drallerzeuger 10 den jeweiligen Verhältnissen angepasst werden kann. Die tangentialen Lufteintrittsschlitze 11a, 12a bilden jeweils die Austrittsöffnung eines nicht näher gezeigten Zuführungskanals. Im Bereich der tangentialen Lufteintrittskanäle sind weitere Brennstoffdüsen vorgesehen, durch welche vorzugsweise ein gasförmiger Brennstoff 16 eingedüst wird. Die Ausgestaltung dieser Brennstoffeindüsung lässt sich aus EP-0 321 809 B1 ersehen, wobei diese Druckschrift zu einem integrierender Bestandteil dieser Beschreibung erhoben wird.2 shows the configuration in a schematic representation the nested partial shells 11, 12. Of course these partial shells are also mutually above this level movable, i.e. it is easily possible to have one Overlapping the same in the area of the tangential air inlet slots 11a, 12a to accomplish. It is further also possible, the partial shells 11, 12 by an opposing to interleave rotating movement in a spiral. This allows the shape and size of the tangential Vary air inlet slots 11a, 12a so that the swirl number and swirl strength from the swirl generator 10 each Conditions can be adjusted. The tangential air inlet slots 11a, 12a each form the outlet opening a feed channel, not shown in detail. In the area the tangential air inlet channels are further fuel nozzles provided by which preferably a gaseous Fuel 16 is injected. The design of this fuel injection can be seen from EP-0 321 809 B1, wherein this document an integral part of this Description is collected.

    Fig. 3 zeigt die bereits angesprochene Abrisskante A, welche in der Frontwand 25 ausgebildet wird. Am Ende des Durchflussquerschnittes des Mischrohres 21 ist ein in die Frontwand 25 überleitendes Uebergangsradius R vorgesehen, dessen Grösse grundsätzlich von der Strömung innerhalb des Mischrohres 21 abhängt. Dieser Radius R wird so gewählt, dass sich die Strömung an die Wand anlegt und so die Drallzahl stark ansteigen lässt. Quantitativ lässt sich die Grösse des Radius R so definieren, dass dieser > 10% des Durchflussdurchmessers d des Mischrohres 21 beträgt. Gegenüber einer Strömung ohne Radius vergrössert sich nun die Rückströmzone gewaltig. Dieser Radius verläuft bis zur Austrittsebene des Mischrohres 21, wobei der Arcuswinkel β zwischen Anfang und Ende der Krümmung < 90° beträgt. Entlang des einen Schenkels des Arcuswinkels β verläuft die Abrisskante A ins Innere des Mischrohres 21 und bildet somit eine Abrissstufe S gegenüber dem vorderen Punkt der Abrisskante A, deren Tiefe > 3 mm beträgt. Selbstverständlich kann die hier parallel zur Austrittsebene des Mischrohres 21 verlaufende Kante anhand eines gekrümmten Verlaufs wieder auf Stufe Austrittsebene gebracht werden. Der Winkel β', der sich zwischen Tangente der Abrisskante A und Senkrechten zur Austrittsebene des Mischrohres 21 ausbreitet, ist gleich gross wie der Winkel β. Auf die Vorteile dieser Ausgestaltung in der Frontwand 25 ist bereits oben unter dem Kapitel "Darstellung der Erfindung" näher eingegangen. Eine Abrisskante zur Festigung der Rückströmzone lässt sich auch durch brennraumseitige konkavartige Ausnehmungen in der Frontwand erreichen.3 shows the tear-off edge A already mentioned, which is formed in the front wall 25. At the end of the flow cross section of the mixing tube 21 is in the front wall 25 transition radius R provided, its size basically from the flow within the mixing tube 21 depends. This radius R is chosen so that the flow lays against the wall and the swirl number increases sharply leaves. The size of the radius R can be quantified in this way define that this is> 10% of the flow diameter d of the mixing tube 21. Opposite a current without Radius now increases the backflow zone enormously. This Radius runs to the outlet level of the mixing tube 21, the arc angle β between the beginning and end of the Curvature is <90 °. Along one leg of the Arc angle β runs the tear-off edge A inside the Mixing tube 21 and thus forms a demolition step S opposite the front point of the tear-off edge A, whose depth> 3 mm is. Of course, this can be parallel to the exit plane of the mixing tube 21 extending edge using a curved course brought back to the exit level become. The angle β ', which is between the tangent of the tear-off edge A and perpendicular to the exit plane of the mixing tube 21 spreads is the same size as the angle β. On the advantages this configuration in the front wall 25 is already discussed in more detail above under the chapter "Representation of the Invention". A tear-off edge to strengthen the backflow zone can also be made through concave-like recesses on the combustion chamber side reach in the front wall.

    BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

    1010
    Drallerzeugerswirl generator
    1111
    SchaleBowl
    11a11a
    Tangentialer LufteintrittskanalTangential air inlet duct
    11b11b
    Längssymmetrieachse der SchaleLongitudinal axis of symmetry of the shell
    1212
    SchaleBowl
    12a12a
    Tangentialer LufteintrittskanalTangential air inlet duct
    12b12b
    LängssymmetrieachseLongitudinal axis of symmetry
    1313
    Kegelförmiger InnenkörperConical inner body
    1414
    Brennstofflanzefuel lance
    1515
    Stützluftsupport air
    1616
    Verbrennungsluft oder Brennstoff/Luft-GemischCombustion air or fuel / air mixture
    1717
    Brennstoffdüsefuel nozzle
    1818
    Innenrauminner space
    2020
    Mischstreckemixing section
    2121
    Mischrohrmixing tube
    2222
    DurchflussöffnungenFlow openings
    2323
    Drallströmungswirl flow
    2424
    Brennerachse Brenner
    2525
    Frontwandfront wall
    2626
    Luftair
    3030
    Brennkammercombustion chamber
    3131
    Flammrohr zum BrennraumFlame tube to the combustion chamber
    3232
    Rückströmzone, RückströmblaseBackflow zone, backflow bubble
    AA
    Abrisskantetear-off edge
    dd
    Innendurchmesser des Mischrohres 21Inner diameter of the mixing tube 21
    RR
    UebergangsradiusTransition radius
    TT
    Tangentiale der AbrisskanteTangent line of the tear-off edge
    SS
    Abrissstufebreakaway step
    ββ
    Arcuswinkel von RArc angle of R
    β'β '
    Winkel zwischen T und AAngle between T and A

    Claims (15)

    1. Premix burner provided with a swirl-stabilized interior space (18) and means (14, 17) of injecting a fuel, the interior space having an inner body (13) running conically in the direction of flow, the casing of the interior space being pierced by at least one tangentially arranged air-inlet duct (11a, 12a) running in axial direction, and combustion air flowing into the interior space through this tangential air-inlet duct, characterized in that a mixing tube (21) through which a swirl flow (23) passes adjoins the interior space (18) downstream, which mixing tube (21) merges into a combustion space (31) via a jump in cross section, in that the jump in cross section is formed by a front wall (25), and in that a backflow zone (32) can act in the region of the plane of the jump in cross section.
    2. Premix burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least one fuel lance (14) is passed through the inner body (13), the fuel nozzle (17) of which fuel lance (14) is arranged in the region of the tip of the inner body (13).
    3. Premix burner according to Claim 2, characterized in that the fuel lance (17) is arranged centrally in the inner body (13).
    4. Premix burner according to Claim 2, characterized in that the fuel lance (14) is surrounded by an air flow (15).
    5. Premix burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the inner body (13) has the shape of a diffuser.
    6. Premix burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the inner body (13) has the shape of a confuser.
    7. Premix burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the casing of the interior space (18) is cylindrical or quasi-cylindrical.
    8. Premix burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the cross section of flow formed by the casing of the interior space (18) has the shape of a venturi section in the direction of flow.
    9. Premix burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the casing of the interior space (18) comprises at least two sectional shells (11, 12) nested one inside the other in a mutually offset manner, and in that the adjacent walls of the sectional shells (11, 12) form air-inlet ducts (11a, 12a), tangential in their longitudinal extent, for the throughflow of the combustion air (16).
    10. Premix burner according to Claim 9, characterized in that the sectional shells (11, 12) are nested spirally one inside the other.
    11. Premix burner according to Claim 9, characterized in that further fuel nozzles (18) are arranged in the region of the tangential air-inlet ducts (11a, 12a) in the longitudinal extent of the latter.
    12. Premix burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the mixing tube (21) has [sic] with throughflow openings (22) in the direction of flow and in the peripheral direction for injecting an air flow into the interior of the mixing tube (21).
    13. Premix burner according to Claim 12, characterized in that the throughflow openings (22) run at an acute angle relative to the burner axis (24).
    14. Premix burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the front wall (25) has a breakaway edge (A) which consists of a transition radius (R) in the region of the outlet plane of the mixing tube (21) and of a breakaway step (S) offset from the outlet plane of the mixing tube (21) in radial direction.
    15. Premix burner according to Claim 14, characterized in that the transition radius (R) is > 10% of the inside diameter of the mixing tube (21), and in that the breakaway step (S) has a depth > 3 mm.
    EP97810622A 1996-09-30 1997-09-02 Premix burner Expired - Lifetime EP0833105B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE19640198 1996-09-30
    DE19640198A DE19640198A1 (en) 1996-09-30 1996-09-30 Premix burner

    Publications (3)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0833105A2 EP0833105A2 (en) 1998-04-01
    EP0833105A3 EP0833105A3 (en) 1998-10-21
    EP0833105B1 true EP0833105B1 (en) 2003-03-19

    Family

    ID=7807366

    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP97810622A Expired - Lifetime EP0833105B1 (en) 1996-09-30 1997-09-02 Premix burner

    Country Status (5)

    Country Link
    US (1) US6126439A (en)
    EP (1) EP0833105B1 (en)
    JP (1) JP3904685B2 (en)
    CN (1) CN1115515C (en)
    DE (2) DE19640198A1 (en)

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    US6672862B2 (en) 2000-03-24 2004-01-06 North American Manufacturing Company Premix burner with integral mixers and supplementary burner system
    DE10050248A1 (en) 2000-10-11 2002-04-18 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Pre-mixing burner comprises swirl burner with inner chamber, with widening passage, injector with adjustable elements.
    DE10051221A1 (en) * 2000-10-16 2002-07-11 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Burner with staged fuel injection
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    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    EP0833105A3 (en) 1998-10-21
    DE19640198A1 (en) 1998-04-02
    JP3904685B2 (en) 2007-04-11
    US6126439A (en) 2000-10-03
    DE59709549D1 (en) 2003-04-24
    CN1115515C (en) 2003-07-23
    CN1185561A (en) 1998-06-24
    JPH10110912A (en) 1998-04-28
    EP0833105A2 (en) 1998-04-01

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