EP0822907A1 - Ac input cell for data acquisition circuits - Google Patents

Ac input cell for data acquisition circuits

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Publication number
EP0822907A1
EP0822907A1 EP96908937A EP96908937A EP0822907A1 EP 0822907 A1 EP0822907 A1 EP 0822907A1 EP 96908937 A EP96908937 A EP 96908937A EP 96908937 A EP96908937 A EP 96908937A EP 0822907 A1 EP0822907 A1 EP 0822907A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
chain
cell
voltage
diode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96908937A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0822907B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Franckart
Henri Husson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alstom Belgium SA
Original Assignee
Alstom Belgium SA
GEC Alsthom ACEC Transport SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Belgium SA, GEC Alsthom ACEC Transport SA filed Critical Alstom Belgium SA
Priority to EP96908937A priority Critical patent/EP0822907B1/en
Priority to ES96908937T priority patent/ES2143756T3/en
Publication of EP0822907A1 publication Critical patent/EP0822907A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0822907B1 publication Critical patent/EP0822907B1/en
Priority to GR20000400744T priority patent/GR3033056T3/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/16—Security signalling or alarm systems, e.g. redundant systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L1/00—Devices along the route controlled by interaction with the vehicle or train
    • B61L1/20—Safety arrangements for preventing or indicating malfunction of the device, e.g. by leakage current, by lightning

Definitions

  • the present invention relates essentially to a cell for alternative inputs intended for information acquisition circuits, and more particularly in the railway environment. Technological back-pian.
  • the cells for alternative inputs intended for information acquisition circuits essentially consist of mechanical safety relays which are connected together by simple cabling.
  • the present invention aims to propose a cell for alternative inputs intended for information acquisition circuits, and in particular in the rail sector, which exhibits behavior at least equivalent in terms of safety than that of the state of the technique while retaining its own advantages, which are a reduced size, greater ease of maintenance and adaptation as well as a longer service life. More particularly, the present invention aims to propose a cell where the reading by error is always carried out in the direction of security.
  • the present invention also aims to detect failures which could occur in the various constituent elements of the cell.
  • the present invention also aims to minimize the influence of the variation in the characteristics of the components used under the effect of an external factor such as a rise in temperature, for example.
  • the present invention relates to a cell for alternative inputs intended for information acquisition circuits, comprising at least one device for detecting a voltage greater than the reference for positive alternation at the input voltage, and a device for detecting a voltage greater than the reference for the negative alternation of the input voltage.
  • Each of these detection devices comprises a zener diode, an optocoupler comprising an emission LED, a diode and a resistor, these elements being arranged in series.
  • the elements constituting each of the two detection devices mentioned above are arranged on a branch, the two branches being arranged in parallel.
  • the elements constituting the detection device for negative alternation are arranged in reverse arrangement with respect to those constituting the detection device for positive alternation.
  • the two detection devices are arranged in series on the same branch.
  • the elements constituting the detection device for negative alternation are mounted in reverse assembly compared to those constituting the detection device for positive alternation.
  • a resistor is arranged in parallel on each of the optocouplers, so as to limit the influence of the leakage current of the zener diodes.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show block diagrams which show the essential elements constituting a device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 represents an embodiment of the device according to the present invention in practice by applying the principles described in FIGS. 1 and 2. Description of several preferred embodiments of the invention.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 where the main characteristic elements are repeated.
  • the device according to the present invention commonly called cell for alternative inputs for information acquisition circuits, as shown in the figure
  • branches A and B are essentially composed of two branches called branches A and B, which respectively comprise a device for detecting a voltage greater than the reference for positive alternation at the input voltage (branch A) and a device for detecting '' a voltage higher than the reference for the negative alternation of the input voltage
  • the voltage threshold is achieved by measuring the time during which, during a alternating, the input voltage is higher than the reference voltage. If this time is greater than the predefined limit time, then it is considered that the input voltage is sufficient; otherwise, it is considered that there is not sufficient voltage at the input.
  • the branches A and B comprise the same elements, but arranged in a reverse arrangement.
  • the branch A which constitutes the detection device for positive alternation, comprises a zener diode DZl, an optocoupler Ul, a diode D2 and a resistor RI, these elements being arranged in series; while the branch B which constitutes the detection device for negative alternation comprises a zener diode DZ2, an optocopleur U2, a diode D4 and a resistor R3, also arranged in series but in a reverse arrangement.
  • the main drawback of this arrangement described in FIG. 2 lies in the fact that the zener diodes DZl and DZ2 can have a particularly large leakage current which increases with temperature.
  • FIG. 3 describes a practical example of a device according to the present invention, using the principles described in FIG. 2.
  • the device described in FIG. 3 is a 110 volt - 50 Hertz alternative input cell essentially comprising 3 functional blocks arranged in cascade.
  • the first block (block I) essentially limits overvoltages.
  • the second block (block II) guarantees the power consumption of the input.
  • the third block (block III) achieves the cell voltage threshold, as well as the galvanic isolation between the input and the output processing chains.
  • Block I consists of a varistor VR1, a resistor R5, diodes and spark gaps in order to protect the cell against overvoltages, while block II which ensures the minimum nominal consumption (reactive power) consists of a capacity " 4 terminals "C4 coupling the cell input terminals to block III which itself provides the voltage threshold.
  • the varistor VR1 clips the overvoltages appearing during differential discharges, while the resistor R5 limits the amplitude of the current peaks in the "4-terminal" capacity C4 during the discharges, as well as the dV / dt.
  • the "4-terminal" capacity C4 must be determined so as to guarantee a minimum consumption for a given input voltage of 50 Hertz.
  • the device for detecting a voltage greater than the reference for the positive alternation of the input voltage, which is located on branch A essentially consists of the elements described in Figures 1 and 2: the zener diode DZl, l optocoupler Ul, diode D2 and resistance RI, while the device for detecting a voltage greater than the reference for the negative alternation of the input voltage, which is located on branch B, is essentially consisting of the same elements as those described in FIGS. 1 and 2: the zener diode DZ2, 1 Optocoupler U2, the diode D4 and the resistor R3.
  • a fuse FI or F2 is present in each of the branches A or B.
  • the main selection criterion for the two main optocouplers Ul and U2 is to operate with the lowest possible LED current, in order to dissipate a minimum of power in the series resistors RI and R3. This also makes it possible to minimize the contribution of the characteristic of the emission LED in the value of the voltage threshold.
  • the conduction time of the optocouplers Ul and U2 is measured by sampling 32 times at regular intervals of 20 milliseconds (therefore corresponding to a frequency of 50 Hertz), the electrical level supplied to the output processing chains and by counting the number of 'samples for which there is a logical state "0".
  • the emission LED of Ul emits during all the time when the input voltage is higher than the threshold voltage of branch A.
  • the emission of this LED of 1 Optocoupler Ul is materialized by the grounding of the resistors R2 , R9 and RIO arranged in "Pull Up" on 1 Optocoupler Ul, thus leading to the blocking of Ql and the reading of a logic level "0" on the input of the multiplexer scanned by the processing chain A (transmitter Ql).
  • the emission LED of U2 transmits during all the time when the input voltage is higher than the threshold voltage of branch B.
  • the emission of this LED from the optocoupler U2 is materialized by the grounding of the resistors R4,
  • the processing chain A scans the voltage on the transmitter Ql, while the chain B is connected to the collector of the output transistor of the optocoupler U2.
  • a and B exchange their own value for the purpose of mutual verification on the number of samples taken while Ul or U2 were conductive.
  • the signals useful for the cell output occur naturally on the collectors of the output optocouplers with a high output impedance level for the electrical state "1" and a low impedance level for the electrical state "0 ".
  • This characteristic presents the risk of being able to carry out on the two processing chains a logical "OR" function (from the point of view of the state of the inputs) in the event of faults consisting of the appearance of a short circuit between the output signals. of different cells.
  • This buffer stage consists of the transistor Ql and the resistor R6 placed in the processing chain A.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)

Abstract

An AC input cell for data acquisition circuits, particularly in railway applications. The cell includes at least two lines (A and B) of identical elements, and each line includes at least one Zener diode (DZ1 or DZ2), an optocoupler (U1 or U2) including an LED, a diode (D2 or D4) and a resistor (R1 or R3), each of said elements being arranged in series.

Description

CELLULE POUR ENTREES ALTERNATIVES DESTINEE A DES CIRCUITS P'ACQUISITION P'I FORM TIONS. CELL FOR ALTERNATIVE INPUTS FOR P'I FORM TION ACQUISITION CIRCUITS.
Ob et de l'invention.Ob and invention.
La présente invention se rapporte essentiellement à une cellule pour entrées alternatives destinée à des circuits d'acquisition d'informations, et plus particulièrement en milieu ferroviaire. Arrière-pian technologiqu .The present invention relates essentially to a cell for alternative inputs intended for information acquisition circuits, and more particularly in the railway environment. Technological back-pian.
Actuellement, les cellules pour entrées alternatives destinées à des circuits d'acquisition d'informations sont essentiellement constituées de relais mécaniques de sécurité qui sont reliés entre eux par de simples câblages.Currently, the cells for alternative inputs intended for information acquisition circuits essentially consist of mechanical safety relays which are connected together by simple cabling.
Buts de l'invention.Aims of the invention.
La présente invention vise à proposer une cellule pour entrées alternatives destinées à des circuits d'acquisition d'informations, et en particulier dans le domaine ferroviaire, qui présente un comportement au moins équivalent au point de vue de la sécurité que celui de l'état de la technique tout en gardant des avantages propres, qui sont un encombrement réduit, une plus grande facilité de maintenance et d'adaptation ainsi qu'une longévité supérieure. Plus particulièrement, la présente invention vise à proposer une cellule où la lecture par erreur s'effectue toujours dans le sens de la sécurité.The present invention aims to propose a cell for alternative inputs intended for information acquisition circuits, and in particular in the rail sector, which exhibits behavior at least equivalent in terms of safety than that of the state of the technique while retaining its own advantages, which are a reduced size, greater ease of maintenance and adaptation as well as a longer service life. More particularly, the present invention aims to propose a cell where the reading by error is always carried out in the direction of security.
La présente invention vise également à détecter des défaillances qui pourraient se produire dans les différents éléments constitutifs de la cellule.The present invention also aims to detect failures which could occur in the various constituent elements of the cell.
La présente invention vise en outre à minimiser l'influence de la variation des caractéristiques des composants utilisés sous l'effet d'un facteur extérieur telle qu'une hausse de température, par exemple.The present invention also aims to minimize the influence of the variation in the characteristics of the components used under the effect of an external factor such as a rise in temperature, for example.
Principaux éléments caractéristiques de la présente invention.Main characteristic features of the present invention.
La présente invention se rapporte à une cellule pour entrées alternatives destinée à des circuits d'acquisition d'informations, comprenant au moins un dispositif de détection d'une tension supérieure à la référence pour l'alternance positive à la tension d'entrée, et un dispositif de détection d'une tension supérieure à la référence pour l'alternance négative de la tension d'entrée. Chacun de ces dispositifs de détection comprend une diode zener, un optocoupleur comprenant une LED d'émission, une diode et une résistance, ces éléments étant disposés en série.The present invention relates to a cell for alternative inputs intended for information acquisition circuits, comprising at least one device for detecting a voltage greater than the reference for positive alternation at the input voltage, and a device for detecting a voltage greater than the reference for the negative alternation of the input voltage. Each of these detection devices comprises a zener diode, an optocoupler comprising an emission LED, a diode and a resistor, these elements being arranged in series.
Selon une première forme d'exécution préférée de la présente invention, les éléments constituant chacun des deux dispositifs de détection mentionnés ci-dessus sont disposés sur une branche, les deux branches étant disposées en parallèle.According to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention, the elements constituting each of the two detection devices mentioned above are arranged on a branch, the two branches being arranged in parallel.
Dans ce cas, les éléments constituant le dispositif de détection pour l'alternance négative sont disposés en montage inverse par rapport à ceux constituant le dispositif de détection pour l'alternance positive.In this case, the elements constituting the detection device for negative alternation are arranged in reverse arrangement with respect to those constituting the detection device for positive alternation.
Selon une autre forme d'exécution, les deux dispositifs de détection sont disposés en série sur une même branche. Dans ce cas, les éléments constituant le dispositif de détection pour l'alternance négative sont montés en montage inverse par rapport à ceux constituant le dispositif de détection pour l'alternance positive.According to another embodiment, the two detection devices are arranged in series on the same branch. In this case, the elements constituting the detection device for negative alternation are mounted in reverse assembly compared to those constituting the detection device for positive alternation.
De manière particulièrement avantageuse, on a disposé sur chacun des optocoupleurs une résistance en parallèle, de manière à permettre la limitation de l'influence du courant de fuite des diodes zeners. Brève description des figures.In a particularly advantageous manner, a resistor is arranged in parallel on each of the optocouplers, so as to limit the influence of the leakage current of the zener diodes. Brief description of the figures.
La présente invention sera décrite plus en détails à l'aide des figures suivantes : Les figures 1 et 2 représentent des schémas de principe qui montrent les éléments essentiels constituant un dispositif selon la présente invention.The present invention will be described in more detail using the following figures: Figures 1 and 2 show block diagrams which show the essential elements constituting a device according to the present invention.
La figure 3 représente une forme d'exécution mise en pratique du dispositif selon la présente invention en appliquant les principes décrits dans les figures 1 et 2. Description de plusieurs formes d'exécution préférées de l'invention.FIG. 3 represents an embodiment of the device according to the present invention in practice by applying the principles described in FIGS. 1 and 2. Description of several preferred embodiments of the invention.
Afin de comprendre les principes qui sous-tendent l'élaboration du dispositif selon la présente invention, on se référera essentiellement aux figures 1 et 2, où sont repris les principaux éléments caractéristiques. Le dispositif selon la présente invention, appelé communément cellule pour entrées alternatives pour circuits d'acquisition d'informations, tel que représenté à la figureIn order to understand the principles underlying the development of the device according to the present invention, reference will be made essentially to FIGS. 1 and 2, where the main characteristic elements are repeated. The device according to the present invention, commonly called cell for alternative inputs for information acquisition circuits, as shown in the figure
1, est essentiellement composé de deux branches appelées branches A et B, qui comprennent respectivement un dispositif de détection d'une tension supérieure à la référence pour l'alternance positive à la tension d'entrée (branche A) et un dispositif de détection d'une tension supérieure à la référence pour l'alternance négative de la tension d'entrée1, is essentially composed of two branches called branches A and B, which respectively comprise a device for detecting a voltage greater than the reference for positive alternation at the input voltage (branch A) and a device for detecting '' a voltage higher than the reference for the negative alternation of the input voltage
(branche B) . De manière générale, le seuil en tension est réalisé en mesurant le temps pendant lequel, au cours d'une alternance, la tension d'entrée est supérieure à la tension de référence. Si ce temps est supérieur au temps limite prédéfini, alors on considère que la tension d'entrée est suffisante; dans le cas contraire, on considère qu'il n'y a pas une tension suffisante à l'entrée.(branch B). In general, the voltage threshold is achieved by measuring the time during which, during a alternating, the input voltage is higher than the reference voltage. If this time is greater than the predefined limit time, then it is considered that the input voltage is sufficient; otherwise, it is considered that there is not sufficient voltage at the input.
Les branches A et B comprennent les mêmes éléments, mais disposés selon un montage inverse. La branche A, qui constitue le dispositif de détection pour l'alternance positive, comprend une diode zener DZl, un optocoupleur Ul, une diode D2 et une résistance RI, ces éléments étant disposés en série; tandis que la branche B qui constitue le dispositif de détection pour l'alternance négative comprend une diode zener DZ2, un optocopleur U2, une diode D4 et une résistance R3, également disposés en série mais selon un montage inverse.The branches A and B comprise the same elements, but arranged in a reverse arrangement. The branch A, which constitutes the detection device for positive alternation, comprises a zener diode DZl, an optocoupler Ul, a diode D2 and a resistor RI, these elements being arranged in series; while the branch B which constitutes the detection device for negative alternation comprises a zener diode DZ2, an optocopleur U2, a diode D4 and a resistor R3, also arranged in series but in a reverse arrangement.
Selon une autre forme d'exécution préférée représentée à la figure 2, il est envisageable de disposer tous les éléments représentés sur les branches A et B à la figure 1, sur une seule branche, les deux séries d'éléments diode zener DZl, optocoupleur Ul et diode zener DZ2, optocoupleur U2 étant disposés en montage inverse.According to another preferred embodiment shown in Figure 2, it is possible to arrange all the elements shown on the branches A and B in Figure 1, on a single branch, the two series of elements zener diode DZl, optocoupler Ul and zener diode DZ2, optocoupler U2 being arranged in reverse mounting.
Le principal inconvénient de ce montage décrit à la figure 2 réside dans le fait que les diodes zeners DZl et DZ2 peuvent présenter un courant de fuite particulièrement important qui augmente avec la température.The main drawback of this arrangement described in FIG. 2 lies in the fact that the zener diodes DZl and DZ2 can have a particularly large leakage current which increases with temperature.
Avantageusement, afin de résoudre ce problème, on dispose une résistance R7 ou R13 en parallèle sur les LED des optocoupleurs Ul et U2.Advantageously, in order to solve this problem, there is a resistor R7 or R13 in parallel on the LEDs of the optocouplers Ul and U2.
On pourrait également envisager de disposer un autre élément en parallèle avec Ul ou U2 qui aurait la même fonction. Néanmoins, la résistance semble être l'élément de conception le plus sûr et le plus simple.We could also consider having another element in parallel with Ul or U2 which would have the same function. However, resistance seems to be the safest and simplest design element.
Cette disposition présente l'avantage essentiel d'obtenir un seuil en courant. Un autre avantage de cette disposition est un gain en volume et un gain en sécurité. La figure 3 décrit un exemple pratique d'un dispositif selon la présente invention, utilisant les principes décrits dans la figure 2.This arrangement has the essential advantage of obtaining a current threshold. Another advantage of this arrangement is a gain in volume and a gain in security. FIG. 3 describes a practical example of a device according to the present invention, using the principles described in FIG. 2.
Le dispositif décrit à la figure 3 est une cellule d'entrées alternatives 110 volts - 50 Hertz comprenant essentiellement 3 blocs fonctionnels disposés en cascade.The device described in FIG. 3 is a 110 volt - 50 Hertz alternative input cell essentially comprising 3 functional blocks arranged in cascade.
Le premier bloc (bloc I) permet essentiellement de limiter les surtensions.The first block (block I) essentially limits overvoltages.
Le second bloc (bloc II) garantit la consommation en puissance de l'entrée.The second block (block II) guarantees the power consumption of the input.
Le troisième bloc (bloc III) réalise le seuil en tension de la cellule, ainsi que l'isolation galvanique entre l'entrée et les chaînes de traitement de sortie.The third block (block III) achieves the cell voltage threshold, as well as the galvanic isolation between the input and the output processing chains.
Le bloc I est constitué par une varistance VR1, une résistance R5, des diodes et des éclateurs en vue de protéger la cellule contre les surtensions, tandis que le bloc II qui assure la consommation nominale minimale (puissance réactive) est constitué par une capacité "4 bornes" C4 couplant les bornes d'entrée de la cellule au bloc III qui assure lui-même le seuil en tension.Block I consists of a varistor VR1, a resistor R5, diodes and spark gaps in order to protect the cell against overvoltages, while block II which ensures the minimum nominal consumption (reactive power) consists of a capacity " 4 terminals "C4 coupling the cell input terminals to block III which itself provides the voltage threshold.
La varistance VR1 écrête les surtensions apparaissant lors de décharges en différentiel, tandis que la résistance R5 limite l'amplitude des pointes de courant dans la capacité "4 bornes" C4 lors des décharges, ainsi que les dV/dt.The varistor VR1 clips the overvoltages appearing during differential discharges, while the resistor R5 limits the amplitude of the current peaks in the "4-terminal" capacity C4 during the discharges, as well as the dV / dt.
La capacité "4 bornes" C4 doit être déterminée de façon à garantir une consommation minimale pour une tension d'entrée de 50 Hertz donnée.The "4-terminal" capacity C4 must be determined so as to guarantee a minimum consumption for a given input voltage of 50 Hertz.
Le dispositif de détection d'une tension supérieure à la référence pour l'alternance positive de la tension d'entrée, qui est situé sur la branche A, est essentiellement constitué des éléments décrits aux figures 1 et 2 : la diode zener DZl, l'optocoupleur Ul, la diode D2 et la résistance RI, tandis que le dispositif de détection d'une tension supérieure à la référence pour l'alternance négative de la tension d'entrée, qui est situé sur la branche B, est essentiellement constitué des mêmes éléments que ceux décrits aux figures 1 et 2 : la diode zener DZ2, 1Optocoupleur U2, la diode D4 et la résistance R3.The device for detecting a voltage greater than the reference for the positive alternation of the input voltage, which is located on branch A, essentially consists of the elements described in Figures 1 and 2: the zener diode DZl, l optocoupler Ul, diode D2 and resistance RI, while the device for detecting a voltage greater than the reference for the negative alternation of the input voltage, which is located on branch B, is essentially consisting of the same elements as those described in FIGS. 1 and 2: the zener diode DZ2, 1 Optocoupler U2, the diode D4 and the resistor R3.
En outre, un fusible FI ou F2 est présent dans chacune des branches A ou B.In addition, a fuse FI or F2 is present in each of the branches A or B.
Le critère de choix principal pour les deux optocoupleurs principaux Ul et U2 est de fonctionner avec un courant de LED le plus faible possible, afin de permettre de dissiper un minimum de puissance dans les résistances séries RI et R3. Cela permet également de minimiser la contribution de la caractéristique de la LED d'émission dans la valeur du seuil en tension.The main selection criterion for the two main optocouplers Ul and U2 is to operate with the lowest possible LED current, in order to dissipate a minimum of power in the series resistors RI and R3. This also makes it possible to minimize the contribution of the characteristic of the emission LED in the value of the voltage threshold.
La mesure du temps de conduction des optocoupleurs Ul et U2 se fait en échantillonnant 32 fois à intervalles réguliers de 20 millisecondes (correspondant donc à une fréquence de 50 Hertz) , le niveau électrique fourni aux chaînes de traitement de sortie et en comptabilisant le nombre d'échantillons pour lesquels on a un état logique "0".The conduction time of the optocouplers Ul and U2 is measured by sampling 32 times at regular intervals of 20 milliseconds (therefore corresponding to a frequency of 50 Hertz), the electrical level supplied to the output processing chains and by counting the number of 'samples for which there is a logical state "0".
La LED d'émission de Ul émet pendant tout le temps où la tension d'entrée est supérieure à la tension de seuil de la branche A. L'émission de cette LED de 1Optocoupleur Ul se matérialise par la mise à la masse des résistances R2, R9 et RIO disposées en "Pull Up" sur 1Optocoupleur Ul, conduisant ainsi au blocage de Ql et à la lecture d'un niveau logique "0" sur l'entrée du multiplexeur scruté par la chaîne A de traitement (émetteur Ql) .The emission LED of Ul emits during all the time when the input voltage is higher than the threshold voltage of branch A. The emission of this LED of 1 Optocoupler Ul is materialized by the grounding of the resistors R2 , R9 and RIO arranged in "Pull Up" on 1 Optocoupler Ul, thus leading to the blocking of Ql and the reading of a logic level "0" on the input of the multiplexer scanned by the processing chain A (transmitter Ql).
La LED d'émission de U2 émet pendant tout le temps où la tension d'entrée est supérieure à la tension de seuil de la branche B. L'émission de cette LED de l'optocoupleur U2 se matérialise par la mise à la masse des résistances R4,The emission LED of U2 transmits during all the time when the input voltage is higher than the threshold voltage of branch B. The emission of this LED from the optocoupler U2 is materialized by the grounding of the resistors R4,
Rll et R12 disposées en "Pull Up" sur l'optocoupleur U2, conduisant ainsi à la lecture d'un niveau logique "0" sur l'entrée du multiplexeur scruté par la chaîne B de traitementRll and R12 arranged in "Pull Up" on the optocoupler U2, thus leading to the reading of a logic level "0" on the input of the multiplexer scanned by the processing chain B
(collecteur du transistor de sortie de U2) . Les critères de sécurité garantis pour les cellules d'entrée 110 volts AC sont au nombre de deux : le seuil de détection ne doit pas chuter en-dessous d'une limite pour une tension sinusoïdale de 50 hertz; la puissance consommée sous une tension sinusoïdale de 50 hertz pour une entrée dans l'état logique 1 ne peut chuter sous une seconde valeur limite.(collector of the output transistor of U2). There are two guaranteed safety criteria for 110 volt AC input cells: the detection threshold must not drop below a limit for a sinusoidal voltage of 50 hertz; the power consumed under a sinusoidal voltage of 50 hertz for entry into logic state 1 cannot fall below a second limit value.
Il convient de noter qu'à l'exception de la capacité 4 bornes, les composants utilisés pour la réalisation d'une cellule d'entrées alternatives ne présentent aucune garantie de sécurité intrinsèque. De ce fait, la sécurité doit reposer sur l'utilisation de la redondance et un contrôle de la cohérence des informations mises à la disposition des chaînes de traitement.It should be noted that with the exception of the 4-terminal capacity, the components used to make an alternative input cell do not offer any guarantee of intrinsic safety. Therefore, security must be based on the use of redundancy and a control of the consistency of the information made available to the processing chains.
En particulier, la chaîne de traitement A scrute la tension sur l'émetteur Ql, tandis que la chaîne B est connectée au collecteur du transistor de sortie de 1'optocoupleur U2. A la fin de chaque cycle de scrutation, A et B échangent à des fins de vérification mutuelle leur propre valeur sur le nombre d'échantillons pris alors que Ul ou U2 étaient conducteurs. Les signaux utiles à la sortie de la cellule se présentent naturellement sur les collecteurs des optocoupleurs de sorties avec un niveau d'impédance de sortie élevé pour l'état électrique "1" et un niveau d'impédance faible pour l'état électrique "0". Une précaution consiste alors à utiliser uniquement pour la chaîne de traitement A, un étage tampon à transistor inversant le niveau des impédances de sortie de façon telle que l'on a cette fois un niveau d'impédance faible pour l'état électrique "1" et un niveau d'impédance élevé pour l'état électrique "0". Cette caractéristique présente le risque de pouvoir réaliser sur les deux chaînes de traitement une fonction "OU" logique (du point de vue de l'état des entrées) en cas de défauts consistant en l'apparition de court-circuit entre les signaux de sortie des différentes cellules. Cet étage tampon est constitué par le transistor Ql et la résistance R6 placés dans la chaîne de traitement A.In particular, the processing chain A scans the voltage on the transmitter Ql, while the chain B is connected to the collector of the output transistor of the optocoupler U2. At the end of each scan cycle, A and B exchange their own value for the purpose of mutual verification on the number of samples taken while Ul or U2 were conductive. The signals useful for the cell output occur naturally on the collectors of the output optocouplers with a high output impedance level for the electrical state "1" and a low impedance level for the electrical state "0 ". A precaution then consists in using only for the processing chain A, a transistor buffer stage reversing the level of the output impedances so that this time there is a low level of impedance for the electrical state "1" and a high impedance level for the electrical state "0". This characteristic presents the risk of being able to carry out on the two processing chains a logical "OR" function (from the point of view of the state of the inputs) in the event of faults consisting of the appearance of a short circuit between the output signals. of different cells. This buffer stage consists of the transistor Ql and the resistor R6 placed in the processing chain A.
En créant ainsi une dissymétrie entre les deux chaînes, on profite en cas d'apparition de circuits conducteurs parasites multiples, touchant éventuellement les mêmes cellules pour les deux chaînes de traitement, du comportement suivant : l'équivalent d'une fonction OU (au niveau électrique) câblée est réalisée sur les cellules de la chaîne A, tandis que l'équivalent d'un ET (au niveau électrique) câblé est réalisé sur les cellules de la chaîne B.By thus creating an asymmetry between the two chains, one benefits in the event of appearance of multiple parasitic conducting circuits, possibly touching the same cells for the two processing chains, of the following behavior: the equivalent of an OR function (at the level cable) is carried out on the cells of chain A, while the equivalent of a wired AND (at the electrical level) is carried out on the cells of chain B.
Ceci conduit à la détection d'une divergence entre chaînes de traitement, dès que les deux cellules concernées par les circuits conducteurs parasites se trouvent dans des états différents. This leads to the detection of a divergence between processing chains, as soon as the two cells concerned by the parasitic conducting circuits are in different states.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS- CLAIMS-
1. Cellule pour entrées alternatives destinée à des circuits d'acquisition d'informations et en particulier en milieu ferroviaire, comprenant au moins deux chaînes (A et B) d'éléments identiques, chaque chaîne comprenant au moins une diode zener (DZl ou DZ2) , un optocoupleur (Ul ou U2) comprenant une diode LED, une diode (D2 ou D4) et une résistance (RI ou R3) , chacun de ces éléments étant disposé en série. 1. Cell for alternative inputs intended for information acquisition circuits and in particular in the railway environment, comprising at least two chains (A and B) of identical elements, each chain comprising at least one zener diode (DZl or DZ2 ), an optocoupler (Ul or U2) comprising an LED diode, a diode (D2 or D4) and a resistor (RI or R3), each of these elements being arranged in series.
2. Cellule selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les deux chaînes (A et B) sont disposées en parallèle, les éléments de la première chaîne étant montés selon un montage inverse par rapport aux éléments de la seconde chaîne. 2. Cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the two chains (A and B) are arranged in parallel, the elements of the first chain being mounted in a reverse arrangement with respect to the elements of the second chain.
3. Cellule selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les deux chaînes d'éléments (A et B ) sont mises en série, les éléments de la première chaîne étant montés selon un montage inverse par rapport aux éléments de la seconde chaîne. 3. Cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the two chains of elements (A and B) are placed in series, the elements of the first chain being mounted in a reverse arrangement with respect to the elements of the second chain.
4. Cellule selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'une résistance (R7 ou R13) est disposée en parallèle sur la diode LED de chacun des optocoupleurs (Ul ou U2) .4. Cell according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a resistor (R7 or R13) is arranged in parallel on the LED diode of each of the optocouplers (Ul or U2).
5. Cellule selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend sur une seule des chaînes (A) un étage tampon à transistor (Ql et R6) inversant le niveau des impédances de sortie. 5. Cell according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises on a single chain (A) a transistor buffer stage (Ql and R6) reversing the level of the output impedances.
EP96908937A 1995-04-19 1996-04-12 Ac input cell for data acquisition circuits Expired - Lifetime EP0822907B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP96908937A EP0822907B1 (en) 1995-04-19 1996-04-12 Ac input cell for data acquisition circuits
ES96908937T ES2143756T3 (en) 1995-04-19 1996-04-12 CELL OF ALTERNATE ENTRIES INTENDED FOR SOME INFORMATION ACQUISITION CIRCUITS.
GR20000400744T GR3033056T3 (en) 1995-04-19 2000-03-24 Ac input cell for data acquisition circuits

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP95870039 1995-04-19
EP95870039 1995-04-19
EP96908937A EP0822907B1 (en) 1995-04-19 1996-04-12 Ac input cell for data acquisition circuits
PCT/BE1996/000040 WO1996033086A1 (en) 1995-04-19 1996-04-12 Ac input cell for data acquisition circuits

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0822907A1 true EP0822907A1 (en) 1998-02-11
EP0822907B1 EP0822907B1 (en) 2000-02-02

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US (1) US6229349B1 (en)
EP (1) EP0822907B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH11504587A (en)
KR (1) KR100403087B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1182393A (en)
AP (1) AP820A (en)
AT (1) ATE189430T1 (en)
AU (1) AU713905B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2218502A1 (en)
CZ (1) CZ289720B6 (en)
DE (1) DE69606527T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0822907T3 (en)
EA (1) EA000206B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2143756T3 (en)
GR (1) GR3033056T3 (en)
HU (1) HUP9802642A3 (en)
OA (1) OA10527A (en)
PL (1) PL180737B1 (en)
PT (1) PT822907E (en)
SK (1) SK283834B6 (en)
WO (1) WO1996033086A1 (en)

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FR2763184B1 (en) * 1997-05-07 1999-07-23 Csee Transport VALIDATION DEVICE FOR DIGITAL MESSAGES, APPLICABLE IN PARTICULAR TO RAIL TRAFFIC REGULATION SYSTEMS
FR2798538B1 (en) 1999-09-10 2001-12-14 Soprano INPUT LOGIC CIRCUIT WITHOUT THERMAL DISSIPATION AND VOLTAGE ADAPTABLE
DE10329655A1 (en) * 2003-07-01 2005-02-03 Infineon Technologies Ag Electronic component
US7808892B1 (en) * 2006-11-21 2010-10-05 Meteorcomm, Llc Redundant data distribution systems and methods
US8674681B2 (en) * 2010-05-25 2014-03-18 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Voltage detection and measurement circuit

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4091292A (en) * 1977-03-07 1978-05-23 General Signal Corporation Fail-safe monitor of d.c. voltage
FR2569916B1 (en) * 1984-09-03 1986-09-26 Charbonnages De France POWER CIRCUIT AND TRIGGERING DEVICE COMPRISING SAME
GB2166918B (en) * 1984-11-13 1988-09-14 Westinghouse Brake & Signal A circuit arrangement for providing in a fail-safe manner an alternating output signal to a load
AUPM744794A0 (en) * 1994-08-15 1994-09-08 Garrick, Gilbert Alain Lindsay Smoke alarm system with standby battery and elv reactive primary power supply

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1182393A (en) 1998-05-20
JPH11504587A (en) 1999-04-27
OA10527A (en) 2002-04-29
ES2143756T3 (en) 2000-05-16
AP820A (en) 2000-04-20
AP9701071A0 (en) 1997-10-31
EP0822907B1 (en) 2000-02-02
US6229349B1 (en) 2001-05-08
DE69606527D1 (en) 2000-03-09
ATE189430T1 (en) 2000-02-15
CA2218502A1 (en) 1996-10-24
DE69606527T2 (en) 2000-08-17
AU713905B2 (en) 1999-12-16
PL323041A1 (en) 1998-03-02
PL180737B1 (en) 2001-03-30
EA199700237A1 (en) 1998-02-26
HUP9802642A3 (en) 1999-08-30
GR3033056T3 (en) 2000-08-31
SK141597A3 (en) 1998-06-03
KR19980703887A (en) 1998-12-05
HUP9802642A2 (en) 1999-03-29
PT822907E (en) 2000-07-31
WO1996033086A1 (en) 1996-10-24
KR100403087B1 (en) 2004-02-11
CZ322097A3 (en) 1998-01-14
SK283834B6 (en) 2004-03-02
EA000206B1 (en) 1998-12-24
AU5262696A (en) 1996-11-07
DK0822907T3 (en) 2000-07-24
CZ289720B6 (en) 2002-03-13

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