EP0808671A1 - Method for cleaning porous surfaces with a washing liquid containing bacteria having an enzymatic activity - Google Patents

Method for cleaning porous surfaces with a washing liquid containing bacteria having an enzymatic activity Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0808671A1
EP0808671A1 EP97401094A EP97401094A EP0808671A1 EP 0808671 A1 EP0808671 A1 EP 0808671A1 EP 97401094 A EP97401094 A EP 97401094A EP 97401094 A EP97401094 A EP 97401094A EP 0808671 A1 EP0808671 A1 EP 0808671A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cleaning
bacteria
porous surfaces
rinsing
surfaces according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97401094A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0808671B1 (en
Inventor
Maurice Dran
Guy Debord
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Debord Guy
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0808671A1 publication Critical patent/EP0808671A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0808671B1 publication Critical patent/EP0808671B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B17/00—Methods preventing fouling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • B08B3/08—Cleaning involving contact with liquid the liquid having chemical or dissolving effect
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
    • E01H1/00—Removing undesirable matter from roads or like surfaces, with or without moistening of the surface
    • E01H1/001—Treatment of dispersed oil or similar pollution on roads, for instance devices for applying treating agents
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
    • E01H1/00—Removing undesirable matter from roads or like surfaces, with or without moistening of the surface
    • E01H1/10—Hydraulically loosening or dislodging undesirable matter; Raking or scraping apparatus ; Removing liquids or semi-liquids e.g., absorbing water, sliding-off mud
    • E01H1/101—Hydraulic loosening or dislodging, combined or not with mechanical loosening or dislodging, e.g. road washing machines with brushes or wipers
    • E01H1/103—Hydraulic loosening or dislodging, combined or not with mechanical loosening or dislodging, e.g. road washing machines with brushes or wipers in which the soiled loosening or washing liquid is removed, e.g. by suction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for cleaning porous surfaces, in particular surface coatings such as "draining mixes”.
  • the surface coatings known as “draining coated materials” which are used more particularly as coatings for roads or other road surfaces, have as their object the rapid evacuation of rainwater in order to keep its characteristics on the surface, in particular as regards concerns the grip of vehicles, because they avoid the risk of slipping and standing water surfaces.
  • layers 4 to 5 cm thick are used composed of bitumen coating gravel with typically 0/10 or 0/14 for grain size.
  • These porous, non-waterproof layers are placed on a waterproof substrate, generally made of concrete. Similar porous coatings have been used for tennis courts, for example.
  • Draining asphalts have, when they are placed, empty cavities, communicating with each other, preferably representing 10 to 20% of their total volume, which allow the flow of water.
  • this type of coating has the disadvantage that the cavities fill more or less quickly with various waste, leading to an increasingly significant reduction in the initial porosity.
  • the filling of the cavities is mainly carried out by earth and sand up to 95% and by various compounds, mainly petroleum residues, rubber powder, metals, carbon, organic matter, ... often around 5%. These 5% of various compounds agglomerate the sands by transforming them into a compact and waterproof block.
  • an impermeable surface layer is formed on the surface of the draining asphalt. If the total volume of the cavities exceeds 30%, there is a risk of foul pollution by accumulation of standing water laden with organic matter. It is therefore not possible to significantly increase the size of the cavities in order to delay their clogging.
  • a cross section of a draining asphalt often leads to the observation of two layers of pollution: predominantly organic pollution is observed on the surface while petroleum products agglomerating sands and gravels are dominant in depth.
  • the machine used in the context of patent EP-0617174 equipped with a device for projecting a pressurized fluid, characterized by a member rotating around a vertical axis and provided with nozzles for projecting fluid, does is not suitable for cleaning draining asphalt because experience shows that the application of a simple high pressure water jet on the upper surface of the draining asphalt does not unclog the fine particles housed in the cavities in order to be able to suck them up.
  • a simple provisional improvement is thus obtained due to the packing effect of the materials and waste filling the cavities without providing a real solution to the problem of cleaning and restoring the initial porosity of the coating.
  • the agglomerating products remain around the sands and gravels which do not recover their mobility and which cannot be extracted during aspiration. Due to the packing of the materials and waste which are not extracted by this type of cleaning, a subsequent cleaning is then all the more difficult.
  • the aspirations brought into play which are very powerful can produce detachments from the draining asphalt layer, which accelerates the destruction of the draining asphalt surface without solving the problem posed.
  • the subject of the present invention is a method of cleaning porous surfaces, such as drainage mixes used as road surfaces or other public or private roads, which makes it possible to avoid the drawbacks of the known methods and to restore the initial porosity without damaging the surface and without the packing effect of clogging materials and waste, and which allows the waste to be extracted while respecting environmental protection requirements.
  • Patent application DE-4014854 A1 discloses a cleaning process using an enzymatic washing liquid for removing grease from concrete, cement or stone surfaces.
  • the liquid is spread over the surface to be cleaned by brushing and the simultaneous application of pressurized air arriving through the brushes. It is necessary to work at a higher temperature than room temperature and repeat the washing and brushing process several times before rinsing the surface with water.
  • the method proposed by the invention which relates to deep cleaning and not to the surface, uses neither an application with pressurized air, nor brushing the surface to be cleaned.
  • the washing liquid must penetrate into the cavities of the draining mix where it can exert its unclogging action.
  • the present invention provides that the rinsing water is applied under pressure by nozzles having a slight inclination on the horizontal before being sucked together with the unclogged residues.
  • the patent FR 2640528 proposes the use of microorganisms for the direct degradation of coloring matters and the patent WO 9603754A1 that of microorganisms for decontaminating metals and cements in nuclear installations. These methods certainly use microorganisms but have no relation to the unclogging of particles in the draining mixes.
  • the actual washing can be preceded by a pretreatment of the surface area of the porous surface, the purpose of which is to dissolve the hydrocarbon particles which will then be biodegraded during the washing consisting of a bacterial treatment.
  • the prewash liquid is obtained by dilution in water, at a rate of 0.2 to 1% for example, of a biosurfactant complex derived from bacteria, associated with a biodegradable surfactant.
  • the washing operation is followed by a rinsing / aspiration operation after sufficient time for the washing liquid to act on the deep area.
  • a rinsing liquid is spread and then collected by suction together with the unclogged residues.
  • the rinsing liquid is preferably pressurized water, of the order of 200 to 350 bars from the feed pumps, distributed inside a rinsing bell, by a rotary arm carrying ejection nozzles which have a small angle, of the order of 30 ° relative to the surface to be cleaned, and which are arranged at a distance advantageously between 40 and 60 mm from the surface to be cleaned.
  • the flow rinse aid is preferably about 1.5 liters per minute and per square decimetre of surface area of the bell.
  • the rinsing bell, enclosing the nozzle carrying arm is kept at a fixed distance from the ground, and is sealed by a flexible seal, for example made of rubber, rubbing lightly on the porous surface to be cleaned.
  • the process according to the invention allows the destruction of the surface layer which could have formed on the surface of the porous coating of surfaces, then of the deep layer of the products agglomerating the sands which are in the cavities of the porous coatings of surfaces.
  • the sands blocking the cavities regain their mobility and can then be extracted from the coating by suction.
  • the invention proposes the use of a washing liquid containing enzymes and bacteria which, essentially, destroy the agglomerating products.
  • the washing liquid is composed of water in which the enzymatic and bacterial solutions are diluted without the addition of solvents. These solutions are preferably produced in situ.
  • the bacteria used in the context of the invention are advantageously of the pseudomonas, moraxella, bacillus type , alone or in consortium (associated) with other bacteria which have a strong appetite for hydrocarbons.
  • the exact type of bacteria or mixture of bacteria may vary and will be determined according to the type of sealants, in particular the predominant type of organic waste and hydrocarbons identified on the site to be treated.
  • enzymes take off the nutrients that bacteria need thanks to their “bio-surfactant” or “natural surfactant” power, which brings food within reach of bacteria.
  • Petroleum products are transferred by the formation of macro- and micro-emulsions which increase the solubility of the binder.
  • Enzymes hydrolyze chemical chains in hydrocarbons to allow bacteria to digest hydrocarbon compounds with shorter chains. Bacteria renew themselves in about twenty minutes and produce new enzymes. At the end of the cycle, the bacteria reject carbon dioxide, water, non-digestible matter.
  • Enzymes and bacteria which remain in the draining asphalt after cleaning according to the invention remain as long as the bacteria are able to feed on new projections of organic matter and a minimum humidity is maintained. They prevent the accumulation of products agglomerating sands and gravels.
  • the bacteria selected for the washing liquid are harmless to the environment and die when they no longer have enough food.
  • the organic and hydrocarbon waste that falls on the road during its frequentation and the cycle of the seasons contributes to a regular supply of food.
  • the enzymes and bacteria used are not only biodegradable but biodegradable.
  • the invention has the advantage of allowing the extraction of particularly clean sands, which can be landfilled without bringing pollution.
  • the liquids recovered after being used for entraining agglomerating products are loaded with petroleum residues, various organic residues, dust, sand and gravel, carbon powder, and a low concentration of enzymes and bacteria which are treated, if necessary, to reach standardized concentrations, less than 1 ppm or 10 ppm depending on the enzymes and bacteria used, before discharge into existing sanitation networks. No pollution is to be feared because of these discharges because they are cleaned by bacteria as in a wastewater treatment plant.
  • the method according to the invention is implemented by means of a cleaning machine with powerful mechanical-hydraulic means.
  • the prewash liquid of the surface area of the porous surface is advantageously obtained by dilution in water, for example, at a rate of 0.2 to 1% of a complex of biosurfactant enzymes, derived from microorganisms, playing the role of neutral detergents and surfactants compatible with the bacterial cultures found on site.
  • the basic preparation usefully has the following characteristics: apparent density 1 pH between 10 and 12 pH in 1% solution between 8.5 and 11.5 viscosity ⁇ 400 cts fully soluble in water
  • the rinsing liquid is preferably pressurized water, of the order of 200 to 350 bars from the feed pumps, distributed inside the rinsing bells, by a rotary arm carrying nozzles ejection.
  • the flow rate of the rinsing liquid is preferably 1.5 liters per minute and per square decimetre of surface area of the bell.
  • These nozzles have a small angle, of the order of 30 ° relative to the surface to be cleaned, whence jets which are almost tangent to the surface to be cleaned, which makes it possible to avoid any risk of compaction.
  • the rinsing bell enclosing the nozzle support arm is kept at a fixed distance from the porous surface to be cleaned.
  • the distance between the ground and the ejection nozzles is preferably between 40 and 60 mm.
  • the rotation of the arm carrying the nozzles creates a hydraulic cyclone which generates a natural depression large enough to suck, by its only force, the rinsing liquid which is loaded with waste and sand.
  • the quantity of sands to be sucked up can become very large, for example in the case of roads leaving a site. More than 10 kg of sand per m 2 of rolling surface could be found in certain areas of the Paris ring road. It is then advisable to carry out a powerful suction of the washing water loaded with sand.
  • an additional suction by ramp can be envisaged to improve the extraction of the rinsing liquid and the sands still trapped in the draining mix. It is also possible to provide an annular suction complementary to the suction by the internal cyclone with the cleaning bell and several parallel or successive bells. It is noted that too powerful suction of the sands, in the presence of too little water, can lead to their accumulation in the upper layer of the draining asphalt. There is then formation of a compact layer which fills the surface cavities of the draining asphalt and which makes it waterproof.
  • a cleaning test of an urban site using the process according to the invention was carried out.
  • a draining mix with an average porosity of 1.26 was installed in July 1991. No cleaning of the porous coating to restore its original characteristics was carried out for 38 months. The porosity measured is then zero.
  • a cleaning with prewash, washing, rinsing and suction, according to the invention is then carried out.
  • an average porosity of the order of 0.6 could be observed.
  • Rinsing leaves bacteria on the site.
  • Five days after the cleaning carried out according to the invention a thunderstorm occurs.
  • a new measurement of porosity gives an average of 1 with peaks at 1.18, that is to say a porosity practically returned to its original value, and shows that the bacteria left on the site during rinsing have continued to feed on the clogs.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
  • Cleaning Implements For Floors, Carpets, Furniture, Walls, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The cleaning method involves spraying the porous surface with an aqueous preparation containing bacteria, such as pseudomonas or moraxella, with an enzymic activity producing a hydrolysis of hydrocarbons by bio-surfactants or natural surfactants. After leaving the preparation to work for an appropriate time it is rinsed off and recovered by suction, together with any residues. The area to be cleaned can be pre-treated by spraying it with a liquid at a pressure of under 90 bars and a temperature below 60 deg C, recovering the liquid after a period of some 5-20 min. The pre-treatment liquid comprises a 1-2 per cent aqueous solution of a biosurfactant complex derived from bacteria with an associated biodegradable surfactant. The enzyme and biosurfactant solutions can be produced on the spot with reactors, and the surface to be treated can be pre-cleaned mechanically with brushes if it has accumulated surface deposits.

Description

La présente invention est relative à un procédé de nettoyage de surfaces poreuses, en particulier de revêtements de surfaces comme des « enrobés drainants ».The present invention relates to a method for cleaning porous surfaces, in particular surface coatings such as "draining mixes".

Les revêtements de surface dits « enrobés drainants » qui sont utilisés plus particulièrement comme revêtements de routes ou d'autres surfaces de voirie, ont pour objet l'évacuation rapide des eaux de pluie afin de garder à la surface ses caractéristiques, notamment en ce qui concerne l'adhérence de véhicules, car ils permettent d'éviter les risques de glissement et les surfaces d'eau stagnante. Usuellement, on utilise des couches de 4 à 5 cm d'épaisseur composées de bitume enrobant des graviers avec typiquement 0/10 ou 0/14 pour granulométrie. Ces couches poreuses, non étanches, sont disposées sur un substrat étanche, généralement en béton. Des revêtements poreux similaires ont été utilisés pour des courts de tennis, par exemple.The surface coatings known as “draining coated materials” which are used more particularly as coatings for roads or other road surfaces, have as their object the rapid evacuation of rainwater in order to keep its characteristics on the surface, in particular as regards concerns the grip of vehicles, because they avoid the risk of slipping and standing water surfaces. Usually, layers 4 to 5 cm thick are used composed of bitumen coating gravel with typically 0/10 or 0/14 for grain size. These porous, non-waterproof layers are placed on a waterproof substrate, generally made of concrete. Similar porous coatings have been used for tennis courts, for example.

Les enrobés drainants comportent lors de leur mise en place des cavités vides, communiquant entre elles, représentant de préférence de 10 à 20% de leur volume total, qui permettent l'écoulement de l'eau. Ce type de revêtement présente cependant l'inconvénient que les cavités se remplissent plus ou moins rapidement de déchets divers, conduisant à une diminution de plus en plus importante de la porosité initiale. Le remplissage des cavités s'effectue principalement par de la terre et du sable pouvant atteindre 95% et par des composés divers, en majorité des résidus pétroliers, de poudre de caoutchouc, de métaux, de carbone, des matières organiques,... souvent de l'ordre de 5%. Ces 5% de composés divers agglomèrent les sables en les transformant en un bloc compact et imperméable. De plus, en présence de matières organiques, il a pu aussi être constaté qu'il se forme une couche superficielle imperméable sur la surface de l'enrobé drainant. Si le volume total des cavités dépasse 30%, il existe un risque de pollution fétide par accumulation d'eau stagnante chargée de matières organiques. Il n'est donc pas possible d'accroître sensiblement l'importance des cavités afin de retarder leur colmatage.Draining asphalts have, when they are placed, empty cavities, communicating with each other, preferably representing 10 to 20% of their total volume, which allow the flow of water. However, this type of coating has the disadvantage that the cavities fill more or less quickly with various waste, leading to an increasingly significant reduction in the initial porosity. The filling of the cavities is mainly carried out by earth and sand up to 95% and by various compounds, mainly petroleum residues, rubber powder, metals, carbon, organic matter, ... often around 5%. These 5% of various compounds agglomerate the sands by transforming them into a compact and waterproof block. In addition, in the presence of organic materials, it has also been observed that an impermeable surface layer is formed on the surface of the draining asphalt. If the total volume of the cavities exceeds 30%, there is a risk of foul pollution by accumulation of standing water laden with organic matter. It is therefore not possible to significantly increase the size of the cavities in order to delay their clogging.

Quelle que soit la nature de l'enrobé drainant, le colmatage par infiltration et accumulation de colmatants est inévitable. Le colmatage est généralement plus rapide en milieu urbain qu'en rase campagne, la nature des colmatants et le mécanisme de colmatage étant différents.Whatever the nature of the draining mix, clogging by infiltration and accumulation of clogging is inevitable. Clogging is generally faster in urban areas than in open countryside, the nature of the clogging and the clogging mechanism being different.

Une coupe transversale d'un enrobé drainant conduit souvent à l'observation de deux couches de pollution: une pollution à prédominance organique est observée en surface tandis que les produits pétroliers agglomérant des sables et graviers sont dominants en profondeur.A cross section of a draining asphalt often leads to the observation of two layers of pollution: predominantly organic pollution is observed on the surface while petroleum products agglomerating sands and gravels are dominant in depth.

Afin de conserver au revêtement ses qualités initiales, il est nécessaire de procéder à des opérations de nettoyage ou d'entretien des enrobés drainants, qui ont pour objet le rétablissement total ou au moins partiel de leur porosité par élimination des déchets qui se sont accumulés dans les cavités. De même, les espaces piétons, places et autres surfaces de voirie doivent être traités pour assurer leur propreté et rénover les couleurs.In order to maintain the initial qualities of the coating, it is necessary to carry out cleaning or maintenance operations on the draining mixes, which have as their object the total or at least partial restoration of their porosity by eliminating the waste which has accumulated in the cavities. Likewise, pedestrian spaces, squares and other road surfaces must be treated to ensure their cleanliness and renovate colors.

Les opérations d'entretien sur les enrobés drainants par des dispositifs de nettoyage utilisant de l'eau à haute pression ont commencé vers 1990 lorsqu'il s'est avéré que les enrobés drainants perdaient leur capacité d'évacuation des eaux avec le temps. Traditionnellement, les matériels de nettoyage utilisés sont autonomes. Ils disposent d'une cuve de stockage importante allant de 2 500 à 20 000 litres. Les principes connus de nettoyage des enrobés drainants reposent sur deux opérations principales:

  • Pulvérisation d'eau à haute pression (entre 40 et 250 bars) pour détruire la cohésion entre les sables et les composés agglomérants.
  • Aspiration par une turbine à dépression capable d'aspirer entre 20 000 et 35 000 m3/H.
Maintenance operations on asphalt mixes by cleaning devices using high-pressure water started around 1990 when it was found that asphalt mixes lost their capacity to evacuate water over time. Traditionally, the cleaning materials used have been autonomous. They have a large storage tank ranging from 2,500 to 20,000 liters. The known principles for cleaning draining asphalt are based on two main operations:
  • Spraying water at high pressure (between 40 and 250 bars) to destroy the cohesion between the sands and the agglomerating compounds.
  • Suction by a vacuum turbine capable of sucking between 20,000 and 35,000 m 3 / H.

Les matériels de nettoyage habituellement mis en oeuvre permettent de varier :

  • la pression de pulvérisation qui est d'autant plus élevée que l'enrobé drainant est colmaté,
  • le débit d'eau,
  • l'orientation des jets,
  • la vitesse d'avancement qui est d'autant plus lente que l'enrobé drainant est colmaté,
  • le nombre de passages.
The cleaning materials usually used allow you to vary:
  • the spraying pressure which is all the higher as the draining asphalt is clogged,
  • water flow,
  • the orientation of the jets,
  • the forward speed which is all the slower as the draining asphalt is clogged,
  • the number of passes.

Les procédés de nettoyage utilisés jusqu'à présent souffrent tous de l'inconvénient de tasser les sables et colmatants dans les cavités de l'enrobé drainant sous l'effet de la pression de l'eau dirigée plus ou moins verticalement.The cleaning methods used up to now all suffer from the drawback of packing the sands and clogging in the cavities of the draining mix under the effect of the water pressure directed more or less vertically.

Ainsi, la machine utilisée dans le cadre du brevet EP-0617174, équipée d'un dipositif de projection d'un fluide sous pression se caractérisant par un organe tournant autour d'un axe vertical et muni de buses de projection de fluide, n'est point adaptée pour le nettoyage des enrobés drainants car l'expérience montre que l'applicatin d'un simple jet d'eau à haute pression sur la surface supérieur de l'enrobé drainant ne permet pas de décolmater les fines particules logées dans les cavités afin de pouvoir les aspirer.Thus, the machine used in the context of patent EP-0617174, equipped with a device for projecting a pressurized fluid, characterized by a member rotating around a vertical axis and provided with nozzles for projecting fluid, does is not suitable for cleaning draining asphalt because experience shows that the application of a simple high pressure water jet on the upper surface of the draining asphalt does not unclog the fine particles housed in the cavities in order to be able to suck them up.

L'on obtient ainsi une simple amélioration provisoire due à l'effet de tassement des matériaux et déchets remplissant les cavités sans apporter de solution réelle au problème de nettoyage et de rétablissement de la porosité initiale du revêtement. Les produits agglomérants subsistent autour des sables et graviers qui ne recouvrent pas leur mobilité et qui ne peuvent pas être extraits lors de l'aspiration. Du fait du tassement des matériaux et déchets qui ne sont pas extraits par ce type de nettoyage, un nettoyage ultérieur est alors d'autant plus difficile. De plus, les aspirations mises en jeu qui sont très puissantes peuvent produire des décollements de la couche d'enrobé drainant, ce qui accélère la destruction de la surface d'enrobé drainant sans répondre au problème posé.A simple provisional improvement is thus obtained due to the packing effect of the materials and waste filling the cavities without providing a real solution to the problem of cleaning and restoring the initial porosity of the coating. The agglomerating products remain around the sands and gravels which do not recover their mobility and which cannot be extracted during aspiration. Due to the packing of the materials and waste which are not extracted by this type of cleaning, a subsequent cleaning is then all the more difficult. In addition, the aspirations brought into play which are very powerful can produce detachments from the draining asphalt layer, which accelerates the destruction of the draining asphalt surface without solving the problem posed.

Par exemple, des travaux de nettoyage, selon le procédé traditionnel décrit ci-dessus, d'un enrobé drainant posé en août 1992, ont été effectués sur le boulevard périphérique de Paris en novembre 1993, après un premier nettoyage en mars 1993. L'analyse granulométrique des produits colmatant la voie lente donne les résultats suivants: < 2 µm 0,3 2-20 µm 2,6 20-50 µm 1,5 50-200 µm 6,1 200-2000 µm 32,9 > 2000 µm 56,6 For example, cleaning works, according to the traditional process described above, of a draining asphalt laid in August 1992, were carried out on the Paris peripheral boulevard in November 1993, after a first cleaning in March 1993. The particle size analysis of products clogging the slow track gives the following results: <2 µm 0.3 2-20 µm 2.6 20-50 µm 1.5 50-200 µm 6.1 200-2000 µm 32.9 > 2000 µm 56.6

On remarque, quelles que soient les imperfections de la méthode d'analyse, que l'on a essentiellement extrait des graviers et des sables grossiers avec plus de 90% des particules de taille supérieure à 200 µm. Ces sables et graviers étaient agglomérés les uns aux autres par des hydrocarbures, de la poudre de caoutchouc et des matières organiques diverses.We note, whatever the imperfections of the analysis method, that we essentially extracted gravel and coarse sands with more than 90% of particles larger than 200 µm. These sands and gravels were agglomerated to each other by hydrocarbons, rubber powder and various organic materials.

Le seul emploi de machines de nettoiement mécanico-hydrauliques puissantes n'est donc pas satisfaisant pour rétablir la porosité de l'enrobé drainant. Il est évidemment impossible de procéder à une scarification du revêtement car il perdrait ses qualités essentielles. L'utilisation de savons, de détergents, ou de solvants, pour la dégradation des produits agglomérants n'est pas possible, voire contre-indiquée ou interdite, car contraire au exigences de protection de l'environnement. Ils peuvent aussi détruire les bitumes qui enrobent les graviers de l'enrobé drainant. Les produits agglomérants sont seulement déplacés mais non détruits. Ils peuvent reprendre leur activité négative. Leur accumulation peut être dangereuse.The mere use of powerful mechanical-hydraulic cleaning machines is therefore not satisfactory for restoring the porosity of the draining asphalt. It is obviously impossible to scarify the coating because it would lose its essential qualities. The use of soaps, detergents, or solvents for the degradation of agglomerating products is not possible, or even contraindicated or prohibited, since it is contrary to environmental protection requirements. They can also destroy the bitumens that coat the gravels of the draining asphalt. Binder products are only moved but not destroyed. They can resume their negative activity. Their accumulation can be dangerous.

Par suite, la présente invention a pour objet un procédé de nettoyage de surfaces poreuses, telles que des enrobés drainants utilisés comme revêtements de routes ou autres voies publiques ou privées, qui permette d'éviter les inconvénients des procédés connus et de rétablir la porosité initiale sans endommager la surface et sans effet de tassement des matériaux et déchets colmatants, et qui permette d'extraire les déchets en respectant les exigences de protection de l'environnement.Consequently, the subject of the present invention is a method of cleaning porous surfaces, such as drainage mixes used as road surfaces or other public or private roads, which makes it possible to avoid the drawbacks of the known methods and to restore the initial porosity without damaging the surface and without the packing effect of clogging materials and waste, and which allows the waste to be extracted while respecting environmental protection requirements.

Afin d'atteindre ces objectifs, la présente invention propose une solution efficace pour l'entretien des enrobés drainants par un lavage de l'enrobé drainant suivi d'un rinçage et d'une aspiration des liquides et des déchets libérés. L'invention propose plus précisément un procédé de nettoyage qui se distingue par les opérations suivantes:

  • Epandage d'un liquide de lavage de la zone profonde de la surface poreuse constitué d'une préparation aqueuse contenant des bactéries ayant une activité enzymatique, les enzymes produites pratiquant une hydrolyse des hydrocarbures du fait de biosurfactants ou des tensio-actifs naturels.
  • Après un temps suffisant pour que le liquide de lavage de la zone profonde ait pu agir, épandage d'un liquide de rinçage, et sa récupération par aspiration, ainsi que des résidus colmatés.
In order to achieve these objectives, the present invention provides an effective solution for the maintenance of draining asphalt by washing the draining asphalt followed by rinsing and aspiration of the released liquids and waste. The invention more specifically proposes a cleaning process which is distinguished by the following operations:
  • Spreading of a washing liquid from the deep area of the porous surface consisting of an aqueous preparation containing bacteria with enzymatic activity, the enzymes produced practicing hydrolysis of hydrocarbons due to biosurfactants or natural surfactants.
  • After a sufficient time for the washing liquid of the deep zone to have been able to act, spreading of a rinsing liquid, and its recovery by suction, as well as clogged residues.

La demande de brevet DE-4014854 A1 divulgue un procédé de nettoyage utilisant un liquide de lavage enzymatique pour l'élimination des graisses sur des surfaces en béton, ciment ou pierre. Selon ce procédé connu, le liquide est étendu sur la surface à nettoyer par un brossage et l'application simultanée de l'air sous pression arrivant à travers les brosses. Il est nécessaire de travailler à une température plus élevée que la température ambiante et répéter le processus de lavage et de brossage plusieurs fois avant de rincer la surface avec de l'eau. Contrairement à ce procédé connu qui vise à nettoyer des tâches en surface, le procédé proposé par l'invention qui concerne un nettoyage en profondeur et non en surface, n'utilise ni une application avec de l'air sous pression, ni un brossage de la surface à nettoyer. Le liquide de lavage doit pénétrer dans les cavités de l'enrobé drainant où il pourra exercer son action de décolmatage. L'application de l'air sous pression dans le cadre de la présente invention conduirait à tasser davantage les déchets colmatés. De plus, contrairement au procédé du brevet DE-4014854 A1, la présente invention prévoit que l'eau de rinçage est appliquée sous pression par des buses ayant une faible inclinaison sur l'horizontale avant d'être aspirée ensemble avec les résidus décolmatés.Patent application DE-4014854 A1 discloses a cleaning process using an enzymatic washing liquid for removing grease from concrete, cement or stone surfaces. According to this known method, the liquid is spread over the surface to be cleaned by brushing and the simultaneous application of pressurized air arriving through the brushes. It is necessary to work at a higher temperature than room temperature and repeat the washing and brushing process several times before rinsing the surface with water. Unlike this known method which aims to clean stains on the surface, the method proposed by the invention which relates to deep cleaning and not to the surface, uses neither an application with pressurized air, nor brushing the surface to be cleaned. The washing liquid must penetrate into the cavities of the draining mix where it can exert its unclogging action. The application of pressurized air in the context of the present invention would lead to more compacting of the clogged waste. In addition, unlike the process of patent DE-4014854 A1, the present invention provides that the rinsing water is applied under pressure by nozzles having a slight inclination on the horizontal before being sucked together with the unclogged residues.

Le brevet FR 2640528 propose l'utlisation de micro-organismes pour la dégradation directe de matières colorantes et le brevet WO 9603754A1 celle de micro-organismes pour décontaminer des métaux et des ciments dans des installations nucléaires. Ces procédés utilisent certes des micro-organismes mais ne présentent aucun rapport avec le décolmatage de particules dans les enrobés drainants.The patent FR 2640528 proposes the use of microorganisms for the direct degradation of coloring matters and the patent WO 9603754A1 that of microorganisms for decontaminating metals and cements in nuclear installations. These methods certainly use microorganisms but have no relation to the unclogging of particles in the draining mixes.

Conformément à l'invention, le lavage proprement dit peut être précédé d'un prétraitement de la zone superficielle de la surface poreuse, ayant pour objet de solubiliser les particules d'hydrocarbures qui seront ensuite biodégradés au cours du lavage constitué d'un traitement bactérien. Le liquide de prélavage est obtenu par dilution dans l'eau, à raison de 0,2 à 1% par exemple, d'un complexe biosurfactant issu de bactéries, associé à un tensio-actif biodégradable.According to the invention, the actual washing can be preceded by a pretreatment of the surface area of the porous surface, the purpose of which is to dissolve the hydrocarbon particles which will then be biodegraded during the washing consisting of a bacterial treatment. . The prewash liquid is obtained by dilution in water, at a rate of 0.2 to 1% for example, of a biosurfactant complex derived from bacteria, associated with a biodegradable surfactant.

La destruction de la couche superficielle plus ou moins étanche peut être facilitée par un brossage mécanique préalable au lavage ou au prélavage.The destruction of the more or less tight surface layer can be facilitated by mechanical brushing prior to washing or prewashing.

L'opération de lavage est suivie d'une opération de rinçage/aspiration après un temps suffisant d'action du liquide de lavage sur la zone profonde. Un liquide de rinçage est épandu puis récupéré par aspiration ensemble avec les résidus décolmatés. Conformément à l'invention, le liquide de rinçage est de préférence de l'eau sous pression, de l'ordre de 200 à 350 bars au départ des pompes d'alimentation, distribuée à l'intérieur d'une cloche de rinçage, par un bras rotatif portant des buses d'éjection qui présentent un angle faible, de l'ordre de 30° par rapport à la surface à nettoyer, et qui sont disposées à une distance comprise avantageusement entre 40 et 60 mm de la surface à nettoyer. Le débit du liquide de rinçage est de préférence d'environ 1,5 litre par minute et par décimètre carré de surface au sol de la cloche. La cloche de rinçage, enfermant le bras porteur des buses est maintenue à une distance fixe par rapport au sol, et est rendue étanche par un joint souple, par exemple en caoutchouc, frottant légèrement sur la surface poreuse à nettoyer.The washing operation is followed by a rinsing / aspiration operation after sufficient time for the washing liquid to act on the deep area. A rinsing liquid is spread and then collected by suction together with the unclogged residues. According to the invention, the rinsing liquid is preferably pressurized water, of the order of 200 to 350 bars from the feed pumps, distributed inside a rinsing bell, by a rotary arm carrying ejection nozzles which have a small angle, of the order of 30 ° relative to the surface to be cleaned, and which are arranged at a distance advantageously between 40 and 60 mm from the surface to be cleaned. The flow rinse aid is preferably about 1.5 liters per minute and per square decimetre of surface area of the bell. The rinsing bell, enclosing the nozzle carrying arm, is kept at a fixed distance from the ground, and is sealed by a flexible seal, for example made of rubber, rubbing lightly on the porous surface to be cleaned.

Ainsi, le procédé conforme à l'invention permet la destruction de la couche superficielle qui aurait pu se former à la surface du revêtement poreux de surfaces, puis de la couche profonde des produits agglomérant les sables qui se trouvent dans les cavités des revêtements poreux de surfaces. Les sables bouchant les cavités retrouvent leur mobilité et peuvent ensuite être extraits du revêtement par aspiration.Thus, the process according to the invention allows the destruction of the surface layer which could have formed on the surface of the porous coating of surfaces, then of the deep layer of the products agglomerating the sands which are in the cavities of the porous coatings of surfaces. The sands blocking the cavities regain their mobility and can then be extracted from the coating by suction.

Pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé de nettoyage, l'invention propose l'utilisation d'un liquide de lavage contenant des enzymes et des bactéries qui, pour l'essentiel, détruisent les produits agglomérants. Le liquide de lavage est composé d'eau dans laquelle sont diluées les solutions enzymatiques et bactériennes sans addition de solvants. Ces solutions sont de préférence produites in situ. Les bactéries utilisés dans le cadre de l'invention sont avantgeusement du type pseudomonas, moraxella, bacillus seules ou en consortium (associées) à d'autres bactéries qui présentent un fort appétit pour les hydrocarbures. Le type exact de bactéries ou mélange de bactéries peut varier et sera déterminé en fonction du type de colmatants, notamment du type prédominant de déchets organiques et d'hydrocarbures identifiés sur le site à traiter.For the implementation of the cleaning process, the invention proposes the use of a washing liquid containing enzymes and bacteria which, essentially, destroy the agglomerating products. The washing liquid is composed of water in which the enzymatic and bacterial solutions are diluted without the addition of solvents. These solutions are preferably produced in situ. The bacteria used in the context of the invention are advantageously of the pseudomonas, moraxella, bacillus type , alone or in consortium (associated) with other bacteria which have a strong appetite for hydrocarbons. The exact type of bacteria or mixture of bacteria may vary and will be determined according to the type of sealants, in particular the predominant type of organic waste and hydrocarbons identified on the site to be treated.

L'utilisation d'une solution enzymatiques conformément à l'invention est particulièrement intéressante. En effet, les enzymes décollent les substances nutritives dont les bactéries ont besoin grâce à leur pouvoir « bio-surfactant » ou « tensio-actif naturel », ce qui apporte la nourriture à portée des bactéries. Il y a transfert des produits pétroliers par formation de macro- et micro-émulsions qui augmentent la solubilité de l'agglomérant. Les enzymes hydrolysent les chaînes chimiques des hydrocarbures afin de permettre aux bactéries de digérer des composés hydrocarbonés aux chaînes plus courtes. Les bactéries se renouvellent en une vingtaine de minutes et produisent de nouvelles enzymes. En fin de cycle, les bactéries rejettent du gaz carbonique, de l'eau, des matières non digérables.The use of an enzyme solution in accordance with the invention is particularly advantageous. In fact, enzymes take off the nutrients that bacteria need thanks to their “bio-surfactant” or “natural surfactant” power, which brings food within reach of bacteria. Petroleum products are transferred by the formation of macro- and micro-emulsions which increase the solubility of the binder. Enzymes hydrolyze chemical chains in hydrocarbons to allow bacteria to digest hydrocarbon compounds with shorter chains. Bacteria renew themselves in about twenty minutes and produce new enzymes. At the end of the cycle, the bacteria reject carbon dioxide, water, non-digestible matter.

Des enzymes et bactéries qui subsistent dans l'enrobé drainant après son nettoyage selon l'invention subsistent tant que les bactéries trouvent à se nourrir à partir de nouvelles projections de matières organiques et qu'une humidité minimale est maintenue. Elles empêchent l'accumulation de produits agglomérant les sables et graviers. Les bactéries sélectionnées pour le liquide de lavage sont inoffensives pour l'environnement et se meurent dès lors qu'elles n'ont plus une nourriture suffisante. Les déchets organiques et hydrocarbures qui tombent sur la route à l'occasion de sa fréquentation et du cycle des saisons contribuent à un apport régulier de nourriture. Les enzymes et bactéries utilisées sont non seulement biodégradables mais biodégradantes.Enzymes and bacteria which remain in the draining asphalt after cleaning according to the invention remain as long as the bacteria are able to feed on new projections of organic matter and a minimum humidity is maintained. They prevent the accumulation of products agglomerating sands and gravels. The bacteria selected for the washing liquid are harmless to the environment and die when they no longer have enough food. The organic and hydrocarbon waste that falls on the road during its frequentation and the cycle of the seasons contributes to a regular supply of food. The enzymes and bacteria used are not only biodegradable but biodegradable.

L'invention présente l'avantage de permettre l'extraction de sables particulièrement propres, qui peuvent être mis en décharge sans apporter de pollution. Les liquides récupérés après avoir servi à l'entraînement des produits agglomérants sont chargés de résidus pétroliers, de résidus organiques divers, de poussières, sables et graviers, de poudre de carbone, et d'une faible concentration d'enzymes et de bactéries qui sont traitées, si nécessaire, pour arriver à des concentrations normalisées, inférieures à 1 ppm ou à 10 ppm selon les enzymes et bactéries utilisées, avant rejet dans les réseaux d'assainissement existants. Aucune pollution n'est à craindre du fait de ces rejets car ils sont nettoyés par les bactéries comme dans une station de traitement des eaux usées.The invention has the advantage of allowing the extraction of particularly clean sands, which can be landfilled without bringing pollution. The liquids recovered after being used for entraining agglomerating products are loaded with petroleum residues, various organic residues, dust, sand and gravel, carbon powder, and a low concentration of enzymes and bacteria which are treated, if necessary, to reach standardized concentrations, less than 1 ppm or 10 ppm depending on the enzymes and bacteria used, before discharge into existing sanitation networks. No pollution is to be feared because of these discharges because they are cleaned by bacteria as in a wastewater treatment plant.

L'invention sera explicitée plus en détail au cours de la description d'exemples de mise en oeuvre qui va suivre.The invention will be explained in more detail during the description of examples of implementation which follows.

Les opérations de nettoyage de surfaces poreuses telles que des revêtements dit enrobés drainants conformes à l'invention consistent avantageusement, alors que la température extérieure est de préférence comprise entre 10°C et 30°C, en:

  • La production in situ des solutions enzymatiques et biosurfactantes à partir de réacteurs adaptés aux contraintes des sites à traiter. Il peut s'agir de réacteurs fixes situés près des zones à nettoyer, avec remplissage des citernes de transport et d'épandage, ou de réacteurs mobiles amenés sur les chantiers.
  • Le nettoyage mécanique par brossage de la zone à traiter si elle présente des accumulations superficielles de matériaux.
  • L'épandage à une pression inférieure à 90 bars et à une température inférieure à 60°C d'un liquide de prélavage de la zone superficielle de la surface poreuse et sa récupération en tant que de besoin après un temps suffisant, de l'ordre d'au moins 5 à 20 minutes, pour qu'il ait pu agir.
  • L'épandage d'un liquide de lavage de la zone profonde de la surface poreuse.
  • Après un temps suffisant pour que le liquide de lavage de la zone profonde ait pu agir, épandage d'un liquide de rinçage, et sa récupération par aspiration.
The cleaning operations of porous surfaces such as so-called draining coated coatings in accordance with the invention advantageously consist, while the outside temperature is preferably between 10 ° C. and 30 ° C., in:
  • In situ production of enzymatic and biosurfactant solutions from reactors adapted to the constraints of the sites to be treated. These can be fixed reactors located near the areas to be cleaned, with filling of the transport and spreading tanks, or mobile reactors brought to construction sites.
  • Mechanical cleaning by brushing the area to be treated if it has superficial accumulations of materials.
  • The spreading at a pressure below 90 bars and at a temperature below 60 ° C of a prewash liquid from the surface area of the porous surface and its recovery as necessary after sufficient time, of the order at least 5 to 20 minutes, so that it could act.
  • Spreading a washing liquid on the deep area of the porous surface.
  • After a sufficient time for the washing liquid of the deep area to be able to act, spreading of a rinsing liquid, and its recovery by suction.

Le procédé conforme à l'invention est mis en oeuvre au moyen d'une machine de nettoyage avec des moyens mécanico-hydrauliques puissants.The method according to the invention is implemented by means of a cleaning machine with powerful mechanical-hydraulic means.

Le liquide de prélavage de la zone superficielle de la surface poreuse est avantageusement obtenu par dilution dans l'eau, par exemple, à raison de 0,2 à 1% d'un complexe d'enzymes biosurfactantes, issus de micro-organismes, jouant le rôle de détergents neutres et de tensio-actif compatibles avec les cultures bactériennes trouvées sur place. La préparation de base présente utilement les caractéristiques suivantes: densité apparente 1 pH entre 10 et 12 pH en solution à 1% entre 8,5 et 11,5 viscosité < 400 cts entièrement soluble dans l'eau The prewash liquid of the surface area of the porous surface is advantageously obtained by dilution in water, for example, at a rate of 0.2 to 1% of a complex of biosurfactant enzymes, derived from microorganisms, playing the role of neutral detergents and surfactants compatible with the bacterial cultures found on site. The basic preparation usefully has the following characteristics: apparent density 1 pH between 10 and 12 pH in 1% solution between 8.5 and 11.5 viscosity <400 cts fully soluble in water

Dans certains cas, il peut être nécessaire d'utiliser une préparation de base conforme aux normes AFNOR 72-150 (CMB=0,1%) et AFNOR 72-200 (testé uniquement sur Candidae Albicans) (CMB=0,2%). A titre d'exemple non limitatif, des préparations de base correspondant aux spécifications précédentes sont commercialisées sous le nom de « BIOSURF » par la société dite « BIONERGIES » installée à Aubagne (Bouches-du-Rhône, France).In some cases, it may be necessary to use a basic preparation in accordance with AFNOR 72-150 (CMB = 0.1%) and AFNOR 72-200 (tested only on Candidae Albicans) standards (CMB = 0.2%) . By way of nonlimiting example, basic preparations corresponding to the preceding specifications are marketed under the name of "BIOSURF" by the company known as "BIONERGIES" installed in Aubagne (Bouches-du-Rhône, France).

Le lavage de la zone profonde de la surface poreuse est effectué avec une préparation acqueuse contenant des bactéries choisies en fonction de leur appétit pour les produits agglomérants. Il peut avantageusement s'agir de bactéries du type pseudomonas, moraxella, bacillus, seules ou mieux en consortium (associées) avec d'autres bactéries qui présentent un fort appétit pour les hydrocarbures. Elles produisent des enzymes pratiquant de préférence une hydrolyse des hydrocarbures et excrètent des biosurfactants et/ou des tensio-actifs naturels. La préparation de base est utilement obtenue par le procédé suivant:

  • Prélèvement de souches bactériennes sur le site à nettoyer avant les opérations de nettoyage. Les bactéries présentes sur le site à nettoyer sont les mieux adaptées à la pollution à combattre car elles ont par sélection naturelle éliminé la plupart des autres bactéries.
  • Sélection des bactéries à partir des prélèvements pour constituer une souche bactérienne par exemple d'environ 100 g.
  • Pré-développement pendant une huitaine de jours de la souche bactérienne dans un réacteur biologique d'environ 1 m3 dans de l'eau tiède avec une alimentation propice, c'est-à-dire sous apport de graisses et de nutriments, agitation et oxygénation pour avoir un bon développement bactérien et une sécrétion des enzymes exogènes correspondantes.
  • Développement pendant deux jours dans un réacteur de 7 à 8 m3 dans l'eau tiède avec une alimentation propice, c'est-à-dire sous apport de graisses et de nutriments, agitation et oxygénation pour avoir un bon développement bactérien et une sécrétion des enzymes exogènes correspondantes.
The deep zone of the porous surface is washed with an aqueous preparation containing bacteria chosen according to their appetite for agglomerating products. It can advantageously be bacteria of the pseudomonas, moraxella, bacillus type, alone or better in consortium (associated) with other bacteria which have a strong appetite for hydrocarbons. They produce enzymes which preferably practice hydrolysis of hydrocarbons and excrete biosurfactants and / or natural surfactants. The basic preparation is usefully obtained by the following process:
  • Sampling of bacterial strains on the site to be cleaned before cleaning operations. The bacteria present on the site to be cleaned are the best adapted to the pollution to be combated because they have by natural selection eliminated most of the other bacteria.
  • Selection of bacteria from samples to constitute a bacterial strain, for example of approximately 100 g.
  • Pre-development for a week or so of the bacterial strain in a biological reactor of approximately 1 m 3 in lukewarm water with a suitable diet, that is to say with the addition of fats and nutrients, agitation and oxygenation to have good bacterial development and secretion of the corresponding exogenous enzymes.
  • Development for two days in a 7 to 8 m 3 reactor in lukewarm water with a suitable diet, that is to say with the addition of fats and nutrients, agitation and oxygenation to have good bacterial development and secretion corresponding exogenous enzymes.

Le rinçage/aspiration est effectué à l'aide de moyens mécaniques qui travaillent en trois étapes:

  • malaxage des enzymes et du sable,
  • décollage des grains de sable,
  • aspiration des grains de sable.
Rinsing / aspiration is carried out using mechanical means which work in three stages:
  • mixing enzymes and sand,
  • takeoff of grains of sand,
  • aspiration of grains of sand.

Le liquide de rinçage est de préférence de l'eau sous pression, de l'ordre de 200 à 350 bars au départ des pompes d'alimentation, distribuée à l'intérieur de cloches de rinçage, par un bras rotatif portant des buses d'éjection. Le débit du liquide de rinçage est de préférence de 1,5 litre par minute et par décimètre carré de surface au sol de la cloche. Ces buses présentent un angle faible, de l'ordre de 30° par rapport à la surface à nettoyer, d'où des jets presque tangents à la surface à nettoyer, ce qui permet d'éviter tout risque de tassement. La cloche de rinçage enfermant le bras porteur des buses est maintenue à une distance fixe par rapport à la surface poreuse à nettoyer. Elle est rendue étanche par un joint souple, par exemple en caoutchouc, frottant légèrement sur la surface poreuse à nettoyer. La distance entre le sol et les buses d'éjection est de préférence entre 40 et 60 mm. La rotation du bras portant les buses crée un cyclone hydraulique qui engendre une dépression naturelle assez importante pour aspirer, par sa seule force, le liquide de rinçage qui s'est chargé de déchets et de sable.The rinsing liquid is preferably pressurized water, of the order of 200 to 350 bars from the feed pumps, distributed inside the rinsing bells, by a rotary arm carrying nozzles ejection. The flow rate of the rinsing liquid is preferably 1.5 liters per minute and per square decimetre of surface area of the bell. These nozzles have a small angle, of the order of 30 ° relative to the surface to be cleaned, whence jets which are almost tangent to the surface to be cleaned, which makes it possible to avoid any risk of compaction. The rinsing bell enclosing the nozzle support arm is kept at a fixed distance from the porous surface to be cleaned. It is sealed by a flexible seal, for example rubber, rubbing lightly on the porous surface to be cleaned. The distance between the ground and the ejection nozzles is preferably between 40 and 60 mm. The rotation of the arm carrying the nozzles creates a hydraulic cyclone which generates a natural depression large enough to suck, by its only force, the rinsing liquid which is loaded with waste and sand.

La quantité de sables à aspirer peut devenir très importante, par exemple dans le cas de routes à la sortie d'un chantier. Il a pu être relevé plus de 10 kg de sable par m2 de surface de roulement de certaines zones du boulevard périphérique de Paris. Il convient alors de procéder à une aspiration puissante des eaux de lavage chargées de sables.The quantity of sands to be sucked up can become very large, for example in the case of roads leaving a site. More than 10 kg of sand per m 2 of rolling surface could be found in certain areas of the Paris ring road. It is then advisable to carry out a powerful suction of the washing water loaded with sand.

Après l'action des cloches de rinçage, une aspiration supplémentaire par rampe peut être envisagée pour améliorer l'extraction du liquide de rinçage et des sables encore prisonniers dans l'enrobé drainant. Il est aussi possible de prévoir une aspiration annulaire complémentaire à l'aspiration par le cyclone intérieur à la cloche de nettoyage et plusieurs cloches parallèles ou successives. On remarque qu'une aspiration trop puissante des sables, en présence d'une trop faible quantité d'eau, peut conduire à leur accumulation dans la couche supérieure de l'enrobé drainant. Il y a alors formation d'une couche compacte qui remplit les cavités superficielles de l'enrobé drainant et qui le rend étanche.After the action of the rinsing bells, an additional suction by ramp can be envisaged to improve the extraction of the rinsing liquid and the sands still trapped in the draining mix. It is also possible to provide an annular suction complementary to the suction by the internal cyclone with the cleaning bell and several parallel or successive bells. It is noted that too powerful suction of the sands, in the presence of too little water, can lead to their accumulation in the upper layer of the draining asphalt. There is then formation of a compact layer which fills the surface cavities of the draining asphalt and which makes it waterproof.

Il est bien évidemment nécessaire qu'il y ait compatibilité entre les produits de prélavage et de lavage. Par ailleurs, s'il subsiste des bactéries dans l'enrobé drainant après le rinçage, elles réduisent les hydrocarbures au fur et à mesure et facilitent les travaux d'entretien ultérieurs.It is obviously necessary that there is compatibility between the prewash and washing products. In addition, if bacteria remain in the draining asphalt after rinsing, they reduce the hydrocarbons as they go and facilitate subsequent maintenance work.

Un essai de nettoyage d'un site urbain mettant en oeuvre le procédé conforme à l'invention a été effectué. Un enrobé drainant présentant une porosité moyenne de 1,26 a été mis en place en juillet 1991. Aucun nettoyage du revêtement poreux visant à lui restituer ses caractéristiques d'origine n'a été effectué pendant 38 mois. La porosité mesurée est alors nulle. Un nettoyage avec prélavage, lavage, rinçage et aspiration, selon l'invention est alors effectué. Immédiatement après la réalisation de l'essai, il a pu être observé une porosité moyenne de l'ordre de 0,6. Le rinçage laisse des bactéries sur le site. Cinq jours après le nettoyage réalisé selon l'invention, un orage survient. Une nouvelle mesure de la porosité donne une moyenne de 1 avec des pointes à 1,18, c'est-à-dire une porosité pratiquement revenue à sa valeur d'origine, et montre que les bactéries laissées sur le site lors du rinçage ont continué à se nourrir des colmatants.A cleaning test of an urban site using the process according to the invention was carried out. A draining mix with an average porosity of 1.26 was installed in July 1991. No cleaning of the porous coating to restore its original characteristics was carried out for 38 months. The porosity measured is then zero. A cleaning with prewash, washing, rinsing and suction, according to the invention is then carried out. Immediately after carrying out the test, an average porosity of the order of 0.6 could be observed. Rinsing leaves bacteria on the site. Five days after the cleaning carried out according to the invention, a thunderstorm occurs. A new measurement of porosity gives an average of 1 with peaks at 1.18, that is to say a porosity practically returned to its original value, and shows that the bacteria left on the site during rinsing have continued to feed on the clogs.

Claims (10)

Procédé de nettoyage de surfaces poreuses, en particulier de revêtements appelés « enrobés drainants » caractérisé par les opérations suivantes: • Epandage d'un liquide de lavage de la zone profonde de la surface poreuse constitué d'une préparation aqueuse contenant des bactéries ayant une activité enzymatique, les enzymes produites pratiquant une hydrolyse des hydrocarbures du fait de biosurfactants ou des tensio-actifs naturels. • Après un temps suffisant pour que le liquide de lavage de la zone profonde ait pu agir, épandage d'un liquide de rinçage, et sa récupération par aspiration, ainsi que des résidus colmatés. Method for cleaning porous surfaces, in particular coatings called "draining mixes" characterized by the following operations: • Spreading of a washing liquid from the deep area of the porous surface consisting of an aqueous preparation containing bacteria with enzymatic activity, the enzymes produced practicing hydrolysis of hydrocarbons due to biosurfactants or natural surfactants. • After a sufficient time for the washing liquid of the deep zone to have been able to act, spreading of a rinsing liquid, and its recovery by suction, as well as clogged residues. Procédé de nettoyage de surfaces poreuses selon la revendication 1 caractérisé par un prétraitement de la zone superficielle de la surface poreuse qui consiste en un épandage à une pression inférieure à 90 bars et à une température inférieure à 60°C d'un liquide de prélavage de la zone superficielle de la surface poreuse et sa récupération en tant que de besoin après un temps suffisant, de l'ordre d'au moins 5 à 20 minutes, pour qu'il ait pu agir.Method for cleaning porous surfaces according to claim 1, characterized by a pretreatment of the surface area of the porous surface which consists of spreading at a pressure below 90 bars and at a temperature below 60 ° C a prewash liquid the surface area of the porous surface and its recovery as necessary after a sufficient time, of the order of at least 5 to 20 minutes, so that it could act. Procédé de nettoyage de surfaces poreuses selon les revendications 1 et 2 caractérisé par un liquide de prélavage de la surface poreuse, obtenu par dilution dans l'eau à raison de 0,2 à 1% d'un complexe biosurfactant, issu de bactéries, associé à un tensio-actif bio-dégradable.Method for cleaning porous surfaces according to claims 1 and 2 characterized by a liquid for prewashing the porous surface, obtained by dilution in water at the rate of 0.2 to 1% of a biosurfactant complex, derived from bacteria, associated to a biodegradable surfactant. Procédé de nettoyage de surfaces poreuses selon les revendications 1 à 3 caractérisé par la production in situ des solutions enzymatiques et biosurfactantes.Process for cleaning porous surfaces according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized by the in situ production of enzymatic and biosurfactant solutions. Procédé de nettoyage de surfaces poreuses selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4 caractérisé par la mise en oeuvre de réacteurs fixes situés près des zones à nettoyer, avec remplissage des citernes de transport et d'épandage.Method for cleaning porous surfaces according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized by the use of fixed reactors located near the areas to be cleaned, with filling of the transport and spreading tanks. Procédé de nettoyage de surface poreuses selon l'une des revendications 1 et 5 caractérisé en ce que le prélavage et/ou le lavage peuvent être précédés d'un nettoyage mécanique par brossage de la zone à traiter si elle présente des accumulations superficielles de matériaux.Method for cleaning porous surfaces according to either of Claims 1 and 5, characterized in that the prewash and / or washing can be preceded by mechanical cleaning by brushing the area to be treated if it has superficial accumulations of materials. Procédé de nettoyage de surfaces poreuses selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que • Le liquide de rinçage est de préférence de l'eau sous pression, de l'ordre de 200 à 350 bars au départ des pompes d'alimentation, distribuée à l'intérieur d'une cloche de rinçage, par un bras rotatif portant des buses d'éjection qui présentent un angle faible, de l'ordre de 30° par rapport à la surface à nettoyer et qui sont disposées entre 40 et 60 mm de la surface à nettoyer. • Le débit du liquide de rinçage est de préférence d'environ 1,5 litre par minute et par décimètre carré de surface au sol de la cloche. • La cloche de rinçage, enfermant le bras porteur des buses est maintenue à une distance fixe par rapport au sol, et est rendue étanche par un joint souple, par exemple en caoutchouc, frottant légèrement sur la surface poreuse à nettoyer. Method for cleaning porous surfaces according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that • The rinsing liquid is preferably pressurized water, of the order of 200 to 350 bars from the feed pumps, distributed inside a rinsing bell, by a rotary arm carrying ejection nozzles which have a small angle, of the order of 30 ° relative to the surface to be cleaned and which are arranged between 40 and 60 mm from the surface to be cleaned. • The flow of rinse aid is preferably approximately 1.5 liters per minute and per square decimetre of surface area of the bell. • The rinsing bell, enclosing the nozzle support arm, is kept at a fixed distance from the ground, and is sealed by a flexible seal, for example rubber, rubbing lightly on the porous surface to be cleaned. Procédé de nettoyage de surfaces poreuses selon la revendication 7 caractérisé par une aspiration annulaire complémentaire au cyclone intérieur de la cloche de rinçage.A method of cleaning porous surfaces according to claim 7 characterized by an annular suction complementary to the interior cyclone of the rinsing bell. Procédé de nettoyage de surfaces poreuses selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que au moins 1% des bactéries subsistent après rinçage dans les cavités de la couche d'enrobé drainant.Method for cleaning porous surfaces according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least 1% of the bacteria remain after rinsing in the cavities of the draining asphalt layer. Procédé de nettoyage de surfaces poreuses selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que les bactéries utilisées sont déterminées en fonction des caractéristiques des colmatants identifiés sur le site à traiter et sont avantageusement du type pseudomonas, moraxella, bacillus seules ou en consortium (associées) à d'autres bactéries qui présentent un fort appétit pour les hydrocarbures.Method for cleaning porous surfaces according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bacteria used are determined according to the characteristics of the clogging agents identified on the site to be treated and are advantageously of the pseudomonas, moraxella, bacillus type alone or in consortium (associated ) other bacteria that have a strong appetite for oil.
EP97401094A 1996-05-20 1997-05-16 Method for cleaning porous surfaces with a washing liquid containing bacteria having an enzymatic activity Expired - Lifetime EP0808671B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9606203A FR2748676B1 (en) 1996-05-20 1996-05-20 METHOD FOR CLEANING POROUS SURFACES WITH A WASHING LIQUID CONTAINING BACTERIA HAVING ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY
FR9606203 1996-05-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0808671A1 true EP0808671A1 (en) 1997-11-26
EP0808671B1 EP0808671B1 (en) 2002-12-18

Family

ID=9492259

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97401094A Expired - Lifetime EP0808671B1 (en) 1996-05-20 1997-05-16 Method for cleaning porous surfaces with a washing liquid containing bacteria having an enzymatic activity

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0808671B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE229846T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69717909T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0808671T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2186852T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2748676B1 (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0985458A2 (en) * 1998-09-09 2000-03-15 Kabushiki Kaisha Hanogumi Method of maintenance of structure like building and paved road
GB2352166A (en) * 1999-07-21 2001-01-24 Hydro Dynamix Ltd Wet cleaning apparatus and method, in particular for road and like surfaces, using rinsing and suction
WO2001058607A1 (en) * 2000-02-10 2001-08-16 Brain Craft Product Management Gmbh & Co Keg Method and cleaning agent for cleaning surfaces made of concrete, asphalt or similar
WO2004078669A2 (en) * 2003-03-03 2004-09-16 University Of North Dakota Removal of toxic/hazardous chemicals absorbed in building materials
CN101332459B (en) * 2007-06-26 2011-11-30 上海裕隆生物科技有限公司 Cleaning head of porous sheet

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100817929B1 (en) 2006-08-21 2008-03-31 박경량 Novel pseudomonas sp. g314 producing biosurfactant

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2640528A1 (en) * 1988-12-21 1990-06-22 Ass Tech Rech Indle Process for cleaning inscriptions and graffiti on the surfaces of buildings, monuments and other civil engineering works, and product for implementation of this process
DE4014854A1 (en) * 1990-05-09 1991-11-14 Biek Volker Dr Removing oil and fat from concrete, cement or stone floor - or other porous surface by brushing on nutrient soln. contg. Pseudomonas Putidans and feeding compressed air
EP0617174A1 (en) * 1993-03-11 1994-09-28 Etablissements J. HUWER ASSAINISSEMENT Device for projecting a pressurized fluid and surface cleaning machine, especially of roads
WO1996003754A1 (en) * 1994-07-28 1996-02-08 British Nuclear Fuels Plc A method of decontaminating a cementitious or a metallic surface

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2640528A1 (en) * 1988-12-21 1990-06-22 Ass Tech Rech Indle Process for cleaning inscriptions and graffiti on the surfaces of buildings, monuments and other civil engineering works, and product for implementation of this process
DE4014854A1 (en) * 1990-05-09 1991-11-14 Biek Volker Dr Removing oil and fat from concrete, cement or stone floor - or other porous surface by brushing on nutrient soln. contg. Pseudomonas Putidans and feeding compressed air
EP0617174A1 (en) * 1993-03-11 1994-09-28 Etablissements J. HUWER ASSAINISSEMENT Device for projecting a pressurized fluid and surface cleaning machine, especially of roads
WO1996003754A1 (en) * 1994-07-28 1996-02-08 British Nuclear Fuels Plc A method of decontaminating a cementitious or a metallic surface

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0985458A2 (en) * 1998-09-09 2000-03-15 Kabushiki Kaisha Hanogumi Method of maintenance of structure like building and paved road
EP0985458A3 (en) * 1998-09-09 2000-06-21 Kabushiki Kaisha Hanogumi Method of maintenance of structure like building and paved road
GB2352166A (en) * 1999-07-21 2001-01-24 Hydro Dynamix Ltd Wet cleaning apparatus and method, in particular for road and like surfaces, using rinsing and suction
WO2001058607A1 (en) * 2000-02-10 2001-08-16 Brain Craft Product Management Gmbh & Co Keg Method and cleaning agent for cleaning surfaces made of concrete, asphalt or similar
WO2004078669A2 (en) * 2003-03-03 2004-09-16 University Of North Dakota Removal of toxic/hazardous chemicals absorbed in building materials
WO2004078669A3 (en) * 2003-03-03 2004-12-09 Univ North Dakota Removal of toxic/hazardous chemicals absorbed in building materials
US7144725B2 (en) * 2003-03-03 2006-12-05 University Of North Dakota Removal of toxic/hazardous chemicals absorbed in building materials
CN101332459B (en) * 2007-06-26 2011-11-30 上海裕隆生物科技有限公司 Cleaning head of porous sheet

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0808671B1 (en) 2002-12-18
FR2748676B1 (en) 1998-07-31
DE69717909T2 (en) 2003-11-13
ATE229846T1 (en) 2003-01-15
DK0808671T3 (en) 2003-04-14
FR2748676A1 (en) 1997-11-21
ES2186852T3 (en) 2003-05-16
DE69717909D1 (en) 2003-01-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3206780B1 (en) Gel to eliminate graffitis and process to eliminate graffitis using this gel
EP0808671B1 (en) Method for cleaning porous surfaces with a washing liquid containing bacteria having an enzymatic activity
CA2711209C (en) Use of an alkanesulfonic acid as agent for cleaning cement, mortar and concrete
CN104923558A (en) Method for remedying soil polluted by organo-chlorine pesticides (OCPs) on basis of solubilization, elution and microorganism strengthening effects of surface active agent
CN104405170A (en) Using method of composite penetration protection reinforcing material
EP2231843B1 (en) Use of alkane sulphonic acid for rust removal
CN103228840A (en) Method and washing system for cleaning track ballast
EP1700881A1 (en) Process of treating tires, shredded tires and tire residues
US6171406B1 (en) Method of removing stains from structural surface
KR100479121B1 (en) Method for improving polluted soil
EP0006776B1 (en) Process for the treatment of polluting material formed of oil slicks, sludge residues or waste waters
FR2724376A1 (en) Treatment of sediments in water, e.g. in rivers, lagoons etc.
US20160122958A1 (en) Method for cleaning up powder or other contaminants
EP2640820B1 (en) Dry composition for cleaning or desalination compress and corresponding compress
FR2929607A1 (en) Device for sanitizing wastewater, comprises inlet for overflowing wastewater, outlet for evacuation of wastewater, filter equipped with medium extending between inlet and outlet, and twining plants, nitrophilous plants or procumbent plants
EP0629586B1 (en) Process for purifying groundwater by means of a permeable structure
CN114182810B (en) Desilting equipment
CN220406632U (en) Soil leaching repair system
CN219240400U (en) Anti-blocking maintenance equipment for permeable road pores
EP0672456A1 (en) Method and plant for the treatment of desanding products
TW201040254A (en) Method of oil recovery
JP2004169400A (en) Removing method for muddy sediment in drain channel and device therefor
FR2686527A1 (en) Installation for recovering and recycling concrete residues
WO2021165325A1 (en) Environmentally-friendly composition for removing a marking, rubber, adhesive or resin on a support
CA2698312A1 (en) Vaporization system

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB IT LI NL PT

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19971215

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: DEBORD, GUY

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: DEBORD, GUY

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20010220

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: DEBORD. GUY

Inventor name: DRAN, MAURICE

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: DEBORD, GUY

Inventor name: DRAN, MAURICE

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB IT LI NL PT

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 229846

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 20030115

Kind code of ref document: T

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69717909

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20030130

Kind code of ref document: P

Ref document number: 69717909

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20030130

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: NV

Representative=s name: AMMANN PATENTANWAELTE AG BERN

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DK

Ref legal event code: T3

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 20030331

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2186852

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20030919

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Payment date: 20100512

Year of fee payment: 14

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20100525

Year of fee payment: 14

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20100504

Year of fee payment: 14

Ref country code: DK

Payment date: 20100512

Year of fee payment: 14

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20100517

Year of fee payment: 14

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20100527

Year of fee payment: 14

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20100527

Year of fee payment: 14

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20100512

Year of fee payment: 14

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20100603

Year of fee payment: 14

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20100503

Year of fee payment: 14

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20100407

Year of fee payment: 14

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: PT

Ref legal event code: MM4A

Free format text: LAPSE DUE TO NON-PAYMENT OF FEES

Effective date: 20111116

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: *DEBORD GUY

Effective date: 20110531

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 69717909

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 69717909

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: V1

Effective date: 20111201

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DK

Ref legal event code: EBP

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20110516

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20111116

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20111201

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110531

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110531

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MM01

Ref document number: 229846

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20110516

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20120131

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110516

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110516

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110531

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110531

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110516

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110531

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20120717

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110517

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20111130