EP0803698B3 - Automatic small-arm - Google Patents

Automatic small-arm Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0803698B3
EP0803698B3 EP97103261.0A EP97103261A EP0803698B3 EP 0803698 B3 EP0803698 B3 EP 0803698B3 EP 97103261 A EP97103261 A EP 97103261A EP 0803698 B3 EP0803698 B3 EP 0803698B3
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
longitudinal direction
breechblock
side edge
head
carrier
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP97103261.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0803698B1 (en
EP0803698A2 (en
EP0803698A3 (en
Inventor
Manfred Gühring
Helmut Weldle
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Heckler und Koch GmbH
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Heckler und Koch GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A19/00—Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
    • F41A19/06—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/12—Bolt action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being parallel to the barrel axis
    • F41A3/14—Rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements rigidly mounted on the bolt or bolt handle and on the barrel or breech-housing respectively
    • F41A3/16—Rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements rigidly mounted on the bolt or bolt handle and on the barrel or breech-housing respectively the locking elements effecting a rotary movement about the barrel axis, e.g. rotating cylinder bolt locks
    • F41A3/26—Rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements rigidly mounted on the bolt or bolt handle and on the barrel or breech-housing respectively the locking elements effecting a rotary movement about the barrel axis, e.g. rotating cylinder bolt locks semi-automatically or automatically operated, e.g. having a slidable bolt-carrier and a rotatable bolt
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A35/00—Accessories or details not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41C—SMALLARMS, e.g. PISTOLS, RIFLES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • F41C23/00—Butts; Butt plates; Stocks

Definitions

  • DE-C-478 630 is shown a control link for a recoil rifle, in which the rectilinear side edge is inclined for locking steeper than usual, so that it now runs steeper than any portion of the optimized, consisting of two sections side edge for unlocking. It is also shown a straight side edge for unlocking, but from the text is not clear what is meant by this.
  • Such a handgun according to the preamble of claim 1 is known approximately by the US rapid-fire rifle M16, but is generally known not only in self-loading rifles with rotatable locking head, but also in straight-action repeating rifles, in which, however, the problems described below does not arise ,
  • closure closing movement of a closure (closure carrier and closure head) should take place as quickly as possible. This not only because of the often sought after rapid fire sequence, but also for the reason that the cartridge, the short tracking distance on which it is not performed as fast as possible, so that when shooting with tilted or reverse weapon no Nachorgien occur.
  • control pin must not strike too hard at the end of the gate at the end of the closing movement to avoid damage.
  • the barrel of the weapon is often heavily oiled out of misguided caution. If, for example, the recharged cartridge is no longer completely oil-tight due to, for example, the effects on it during the reloading process or for any other reason, oil may enter the cartridge and render part of the propellant charge ineffective. The result is a so-called "slap shot”.
  • the invention has the goal to ensure the reliability in a generic weapon even under the previously described, difficult circumstances.
  • the first side edge of the control link which rotates the closure head via the control bolt when unlocking, has to the longitudinal direction at a smaller angle than the opposite second side edge.
  • the second side edge which is effective in locking, has the above-mentioned steep alignment with respect to the longitudinal direction, which has already been described above as appropriate and common.
  • the translation between the backward movement of the closure carrier and the unlocking rotational movement is thus advantageous in accordance with the invention Way less than the reverse movement during locking and thus opposes the opening movement of the closure lower resistance than was previously the case.
  • the control link can be formed by two surfaces which are formed on the closure carrier, but are not in immediate communication.
  • control link through a groove which is closed to the outside, to prevent dirt from entering the backdrop from the outside.
  • the backdrop is formed as a continuous slot that passes through the closure carrier, but is covered from the outside of the weapon housing. Contamination that has entered the slot is pushed outward on both sides by the movement of the control pin.
  • Beginning and end portions of the elongated hole each extend parallel to the longitudinal direction of the weapon and are connected by a central portion which is bounded by the two side edges.
  • the adjacent to the first, flatter side edge of the beginning portion extends over a much shorter distance than the edge adjacent to the second, steeper side edge, while the two edges of the end portion are about the same length.
  • the first side edge over the second which is achieved by appropriate selection of the direction of rotation of the closure head when locking or unlocking; should dirt accumulate in the gun, then there is a lower risk of contamination for the upper, used when opening the first side flank than for the lower, second side flank.
  • the self-loading weapon according to the invention is designed as a gas-pressure supercharger in which a gas piston device acts on and moves the closure carrier, which is particularly unusual because in the case of gas-pressure superchargers the problems described above have always been met by the gas tapping or the gas nozzle has dimensioned or adjusted in such a way that considerably more gas drives the gas piston, as it is basically necessary.However, made by the user unprofessionally made gas nozzle settings could lead to damage to the weapon and to a loss of reliability.
  • Fig. 1 and 2 In each case, the closure system of a rapid-fire rifle is shown schematically.
  • the barrel 1 with its designated as the longitudinal direction 21 axis of the soul has at its rear end a cartridge chamber and is rotatably mounted in a locking sleeve 3, which in turn is rigidly mounted in the weapon housing (not shown).
  • the rear end of the locking sleeve 3 has a round opening, from which all sides run with spaced radial grooves, each having an approximately rectangular cross-section. Between the front edge of this opening and the rear end of the barrel 1, a round chamber is formed, whose inner diameter corresponds approximately to the diameter formed by the groove bottoms of the opening.
  • the closure comprises a closure carrier 5 and a closure head 11 having a complementary cross section for opening the locking sleeve 3 with projections corresponding to the grooves, and a length corresponding to the length of said chamber.
  • the closure head 11 can be inserted in an aligned on the opening rotational angular position through the opening to the chamber. If the closure head 11 is then rotated in this position, then his projections engage behind the webs between the grooves of the locking sleeve 3, while the closure head 11 is simultaneously seated on the rear end of the barrel 1 or nearly seated. Now, the closure head 11 can no longer be moved in a straight line in the longitudinal direction of the barrel 1; he is "locked”. If he is turned back to its previous position, i. "unlocked”, then he can be pulled backwards out of the chamber.
  • the closure head 11 is guided with its rear part in a closure carrier 5, which by a gas piston device, not shown in the shot in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 2 , is moved.
  • a control pin 9 which passes through a control slot 7 forming slot in the closure carrier 5.
  • the closure carrier 5 moves together with the closure head 11 again forward until the closure head 11 abuts against the rear end of the barrel 1.
  • the control pin 9 takes a position in the control link 7, which is behind the front end and in front of the second side edge 15, which is inclined at a steep angle 19 to the longitudinal direction 21.
  • the closure head which was prevented from rotating during the return and forward movement by engaging in unshown formations, can now be in the position of Fig. 2 rotate, the control pin 9 is pressed violently against the second, steep side edge 15 and then pushed by this engagement upwards.
  • the closure head 11 seen from behind, rotates clockwise and is thereby locked (position of the Fig. 1 ).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

The hand gun has a turning closing head which is controlled by a slideway (7) in the lock carrier, bounded by first and second side flanks (13,15) angled to the longitudinal direction of the gun. The first side flank (13) controls the unlocking of the head. The first side flank is at a smaller angle to the longitudinal direction (21) than the second flank (15), which has the greater angle (19) to the longitudinal direction. The control slideway may be in the form of an elongated aperture with front and rear sectors offset from each other but both parallel to the longitudinal direction.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine gasdruckladende und verriegelte Selbstlade-Handfeuerwaffe mit einem insbesondere unverdrehbaren, geradlinig in Längsrichtung der Waffe beweglichen Verschlußträger und einem mit seinem Hinterteil im Verschlußträger um die Längsrichtung zur Ver- bzw. Entriegelung verdrehbar gelagerten Verschlußkopf, wobei der Verschlußkopf an seinem Hinterteil einen sich quer zur Längsrichtung erstreckenden Steuerbolzen aufweist, der in eine sich schräg zur Längsrichtung erstreckende, durch eine erste und eine zweite Seitenflanke begrenzte Steuerkulisse eingreift, so daß durch diesen Eingriff

  • bei Beginn der Öffnungsbewegung des Verschlußträgers der Verschlußkopf bezüglich der Längsrichtung ortsfest bleibt, aber durch Einwirken der ersten Seitenflanke auf den Steuerbolzen eine Drehung bis zur Entriegelung durchführt, und erst dann an der Öffnungsbewegung teilnimmt, und
  • kurz vor dem Ende der Schließbewegung der Verschlußkopf bezüglich der Längrichtung zum Stillstand gelangt und während der Endphase der Schließbewegung des Verschlußträgers durch Einwirken der zweiten Seitenflanke auf den Steuerbolzen eine Rückwärtsdrehung bis zur Verriegelung durchführt.
The invention relates to a gas pressure charging and locked self-loading handgun with a particular non-rotatable, linearly movable in the longitudinal direction of the weapon closure carrier and a rotatably mounted with his rear in the closure carrier to the longitudinal direction for locking or unlocking closure head, wherein the closure head at its rear part a Transversely to the longitudinal direction extending control pin which engages in an obliquely extending to the longitudinal direction, limited by a first and a second side edge control cam, so that by this engagement
  • at the beginning of the opening movement of the closure carrier, the closure head remains stationary with respect to the longitudinal direction, but by acting on the first side edge of the control bolt performs a rotation until unlocking, and only then participates in the opening movement, and
  • shortly before the end of the closing movement of the closure head with respect to the Längrichtung comes to a standstill and during the final phase of the closing movement of the closure carrier by acting on the second side edge on the control bolt performs a reverse rotation to lock.

In dem vor nahezu 70 Jahren angemeldeten DE-C-478 630 ist eine Steuerkulisse für ein rückstoßladendes Gewehr gezeigt, bei dem die geradlinige Seitenflanke zum Verriegeln steiler geneigt ist, als es bislang üblich war, so daß sie nun steiler verläuft als jeder Abschnitt der optimierten, aus zwei Abschnitten bestehenden Seitenflanke zum Entriegeln. Es ist auch eine gerade Seitenkante zum Entriegeln gezeigt, doch aus dem Text wird nicht klar, was mit dieser gemeint ist.In the filed almost 70 years ago DE-C-478 630 is shown a control link for a recoil rifle, in which the rectilinear side edge is inclined for locking steeper than usual, so that it now runs steeper than any portion of the optimized, consisting of two sections side edge for unlocking. It is also shown a straight side edge for unlocking, but from the text is not clear what is meant by this.

Eine derartige Handfeuerwaffe gemäß den Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 ist in etwa durch das US-Schnellfeuergewehr M16 bekannt, ist aber grundsätzlich nicht nur bei Selbstladegewehren mit drehbarem Verschlußkopf, sondern auch bei Geradezug-Repetiergewehren bekannt, bei denen sich allerdings die weiter unten geschilderte Problematik nicht ergibt.Such a handgun according to the preamble of claim 1 is known approximately by the US rapid-fire rifle M16, but is generally known not only in self-loading rifles with rotatable locking head, but also in straight-action repeating rifles, in which, however, the problems described below does not arise ,

Die Schließbewegung eines Verschlusses (Verschlußträger und Verschlußkopf) sollte möglichst rasch erfolgen. Dies nicht nur wegen der oft angestrebten schnellen Feuerfolge, sondern auch aus dem Grund, daß die Patrone die kurze Nachführstrecke, auf der sie nicht geführt ist, möglichst rasch zurücklegt, so daß beim Schießen mit schräggestellter oder umgekehrter Waffe keine Nachführstörungen auftreten.The closing movement of a closure (closure carrier and closure head) should take place as quickly as possible. This not only because of the often sought after rapid fire sequence, but also for the reason that the cartridge, the short tracking distance on which it is not performed as fast as possible, so that when shooting with tilted or reverse weapon no Nachführstörungen occur.

Andererseits darf der Steuerbolzen am Ende der Schließbewegung nichtzu hart am Ende der Kulisse anschlagen, um Beschädigungen zu vermeiden.On the other hand, the control pin must not strike too hard at the end of the gate at the end of the closing movement to avoid damage.

Es ist also anzustreben, daß sich der gesamte Verschluß bei der Schließbewegung über eine möglichst große Strecke möglichst rasch bewegt. Demzufolge ist der Winkel, den die Kulisse gegenüber der Längsrichtung aufweist, recht groß, damit die Verriegelung auf einem möglichst kurzen Endabschnitt der Schließbewegung erfolgt.It is therefore desirable that the entire closure moves as quickly as possible during the closing movement over as large a distance as possible. Consequently, the angle that the link has with respect to the longitudinal direction, quite large, so that the locking takes place on a shortest possible end portion of the closing movement.

Im Militäreinsatz, bei Jagdexpeditionen und bei größeren Polizeiaktionen ist es oft erforderlich, solche Handfeuerwaffen, wie Selbstladegewehre, über längere Zeit hinaus schußbereit oder allenfalls nur gesichert und offen mitzuführen, ohne daß es eine Gelegenheit zum Reinigen der Waffe gibt.In military operations, in hunting expeditions and in larger police actions, it is often necessary to carry such handguns, such as self-loading rifles, ready to fire for an extended period of time or at best only secured and open, without there being any opportunity to clean the weapon.

Im Mechanismus der Waffe wird sich daher unvermeidlich Sand, Staub und Schlamm absetzen.In the mechanism of the weapon, sand, dust and mud will inevitably settle.

Außerdem ist oft aus falschverstandener Vorsicht der Lauf der Waffe stark eingeölt. Wenn nun die nachgeladene Patrone etwa wegen der Einwirkungen auf sie beim Nachladevorgang oder aus einem sonstigen Grund nicht mehr völlig öldicht ist, kann Öl in die Patrone gelangen und einen Teil der Treibladung unwirksam machen. Die Folge ist ein sogenannter "schlapper Schuß".In addition, the barrel of the weapon is often heavily oiled out of misguided caution. If, for example, the recharged cartridge is no longer completely oil-tight due to, for example, the effects on it during the reloading process or for any other reason, oil may enter the cartridge and render part of the propellant charge ineffective. The result is a so-called "slap shot".

Wenn nun in einer Gefahrensituation geschossen werden muß, dann kann es geschehen, daß eine Ladehemmung auftritt, weil entweder der zurücklaufende Verschluß von angesammelten Verunreinigungen zu stark abgebremst wird, oder weil infolge eines Munitionsfehlers die Einwirkung der Verbrennungsgase auf den Nachlademechanismus nicht ganz ausreicht.If now must be shot in a dangerous situation, then it can happen that a jamming occurs either because the returning closure of accumulated impurities is slowed down too much, or because due to a Munitionsfehlers the effect of the combustion gases on the Nachlademechanismus not quite sufficient.

Weitere Schüsse erfolgen unbehindert, da die gegebenenfalls von Hand durchgeführte Verschlußbewegung die Verschmutzung zur Seite geräumt hat bzw. bei der nachfolgenden Patrone keine Störung zu erwarten ist.Further shots are unimpeded, since the optionally carried out by hand closure movement has cleared the pollution to the side or in the subsequent cartridge no disturbance is expected.

Ausgehend von dieser Problemlage im Stand der Technik hat die Erfindung zum Ziel, die Funktionssicherheit bei einer gattungsbildenden Waffe auch unter den zuvor beschriebenen, erschwerten Umständen zu gewährleisten.Based on this problem in the prior art, the invention has the goal to ensure the reliability in a generic weapon even under the previously described, difficult circumstances.

Dieses Ziel wird durch Anspruch 1 erreicht. Die erste Seitenflanke der Steuerkulisse, die den Verschlußkopf über den Steuerbolzen beim Entriegeln verdreht, weist dabei zur Längsrichtung einen kleineren Winkel auf als die gegenüberliegende zweite Seitenflanke.This object is achieved by claim 1. The first side edge of the control link, which rotates the closure head via the control bolt when unlocking, has to the longitudinal direction at a smaller angle than the opposite second side edge.

Die zweite Seitenflanke, die beim Verriegeln wirksam ist, weist die oben erwähnte steile Ausrichtung gegenüber der Längsrichtung auf, die oben bereits als zweckmäßig und üblich beschrieben wurde.The second side edge, which is effective in locking, has the above-mentioned steep alignment with respect to the longitudinal direction, which has already been described above as appropriate and common.

Beim Fräsen der Kulisse sind bei der erfindungsgemäßen Waffe nicht, wie sonst immer üblich und fertigungstechnisch zweckmäßig, die beiden Flanken parallel zueinander angelegt, sondern die erste Seitenflanke, die beim Entriegeln wirksam wird ist in einem flacheren, kleineren Winkel zur Längsrichtung angeordnet als die zweite Seitenflanke.When milling the scenery are not in the weapon of the invention, as usual and production technology appropriate, the two flanks applied parallel to each other, but the first side edge, which is effective when unlocking is arranged in a shallower, smaller angle to the longitudinal direction than the second side edge ,

Die Übersetzung zwischen der Rückwärtsbewegung des Verschlußträgers und der entriegelnden Drehbewegung ist somit in erfindungsgemäßvorteilhaf-ter Weise geringer als die umgekehrte Bewegung beim Verriegeln und setzt somit der Öffnungsbewegung des Verschlusses einen geringeren Widerstand entgegen, als dies bisher der Fall war.The translation between the backward movement of the closure carrier and the unlocking rotational movement is thus advantageous in accordance with the invention Way less than the reverse movement during locking and thus opposes the opening movement of the closure lower resistance than was previously the case.

Somit werden nicht nur größere Öffnungskräfte wirksam als bisher, die den Verschluß öffnen, sondern auch eine in der Leistung an sich nicht mehr ausreichende Patrone ist noch imstande, den Verschluß so weit zu öffnen, daß eine normale Funktion der Waffe noch gewährleistet ist. Zudem ist ein leichteres, manuelles Öffnen des Verschlußes, trotz eventuell stark verschmutztem Patronenlager gegeben.Thus, not only larger opening forces are effective than before, which open the shutter, but also in the power itself is no longer sufficient cartridge is still able to open the shutter so far that a normal function of the weapon is still guaranteed. In addition, a lighter, manual opening of the closure, despite possibly heavily contaminated cartridge chamber is given.

Die Steuerkulisse kann durch zwei Flächen gebildet sein, die am Verschlußträger ausgebildet sind, aber nicht in unmittelbarer Verbindung stehen.The control link can be formed by two surfaces which are formed on the closure carrier, but are not in immediate communication.

Es ist auch möglich, die Steuerkulisse durch eine Nut zu bilden, die nach außen geschlossen ist, um zu verhindern, daß Schmutz von außen in die Kulisse gelangt.It is also possible to form the control link through a groove which is closed to the outside, to prevent dirt from entering the backdrop from the outside.

Weiterhin ist die Kulisse als durchgehendes Langloch ausgebildet, das den Verschlußträger durchsetzt, aber nach außen hin vom Waffengehäuse abgedeckt ist. Verschmutzung, die in das Langloch hineingelangt, wird von der Bewegung des Steuerbolzens wieder beiderseits nach außen geschoben.Furthermore, the backdrop is formed as a continuous slot that passes through the closure carrier, but is covered from the outside of the weapon housing. Contamination that has entered the slot is pushed outward on both sides by the movement of the control pin.

Anfangs- und Endabschnitt des Langloches erstrecken sich jeweils parallel zur Längsrichtung der Waffe und sind durch einen mittleren Abschnitt verbunden, der von den beiden Seitenflanken begrenzt ist. Die an die erste, flachere Seitenflanke angrenzende Kante des Anfangsabschnitts erstreckt sich über eine deutlich kürzere Strecke als die an die zweite, steilere Seitenflanke angrenzende Kante, während die beiden Kanten des Endabschnitts etwa gleich lang sind.Beginning and end portions of the elongated hole each extend parallel to the longitudinal direction of the weapon and are connected by a central portion which is bounded by the two side edges. The adjacent to the first, flatter side edge of the beginning portion extends over a much shorter distance than the edge adjacent to the second, steeper side edge, while the two edges of the end portion are about the same length.

Ferner liegt bei seitlicher Anordnung der Steuerkulisse die erste Seitenflanke über der zweiten, was durch entsprechende Wahl der Drehrichtung des Verschlußkopfes beim Ver- bzw. Entriegeln erreicht wird; sollte sich Schmutz in der Waffe ansammeln, dann besteht für die obere, beim Öffnen genutzte erste Seitenflanke eine geringere Verschmutzungsgefahr als für die untere, zweite Seitenflanke.Furthermore, with lateral arrangement of the control link, the first side edge over the second, which is achieved by appropriate selection of the direction of rotation of the closure head when locking or unlocking; should dirt accumulate in the gun, then there is a lower risk of contamination for the upper, used when opening the first side flank than for the lower, second side flank.

Bevorzugt ist die erfindungsgemäße Selbstladewaffe (Anspruch 2 als Gasdrucklader ausgebildet, bei dem eine Gaskolbeneinrichtung auf den Verschlußträger einwirkt und diesen bewegt. Dies ist besonders ungewöhnlich, weil man bei Gasdruckladern den eingangs geschilderten Problemen bisher immer damit begegnet ist, daß man die Gasanzapfung oder die Gasdüse in einer solchen Weise bemessen oder eingestellt hat, daß erheblich mehr Gas den Gaskolben antreibt, als es grundsätzlich nötig ist. Allerdings konnten vom Benutzer unfachmännisch vorgenommene Gasdüseneinstellungen zu Schäden an der Waffe und zu einer Einbuße der Funktionssicherheit führen.Preferably, the self-loading weapon according to the invention is designed as a gas-pressure supercharger in which a gas piston device acts on and moves the closure carrier, which is particularly unusual because in the case of gas-pressure superchargers the problems described above have always been met by the gas tapping or the gas nozzle has dimensioned or adjusted in such a way that considerably more gas drives the gas piston, as it is basically necessary.However, made by the user unprofessionally made gas nozzle settings could lead to damage to the weapon and to a loss of reliability.

Der Gegenstand der Erfindung wird anhand der beigefügten, schematischen Zeichnung beispiels-weise noch näher beschrieben. In dieser zeigt:

Fig. 1
das hintere Ende eines erfindungsgemäßen Gewehrlaufes mit Verschluß, in verriegelter Stellung,
Fig. 2
dieselbe Anordnung wie in Fig, 1, jedoch mit entriegeltem Verschluß, und
Fig. 3
die vergößerte Kontur der Steuerkulisse des Verschlusses der Fig. 1 und 2.
The object of the invention will be described in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying schematic drawing. In this shows:
Fig. 1
the rear end of a gun barrel according to the invention with closure, in the locked position,
Fig. 2
the same arrangement as in Fig, 1 but with unlocked lock, and
Fig. 3
the enlarged contour of the control cam of the shutter Fig. 1 and 2 ,

Alle Lageangaben, wie "über", "hinten" o. dgl. gehen aus von der horizontal und schußbereit gehaltenen Waffe, wobei mit "vorne" die Schußrichtung bezeichnet ist.All position information, such as "over", "behind" o. The like. Going out of the horizontally and ready to shoot held weapon, with "front" is designated the weft direction.

Ferner sind in allen Figuren für gleiche Elemente durchgehend die gleichen Bezugszeichen verwendet. Erläuterungen der einen Figur beziehen sich sinngemäß auch auf die anderen Figuren.Furthermore, the same reference numerals are used throughout the figures for the same elements throughout. Explanations of a figure refer mutatis mutandis to the other figures.

In Fig. 1 und 2 ist jeweils das Verschlußsystem eines Schnellfeuergewehres schematisch dargestellt. Der Lauf 1 mit seiner als Längsrichtung 21 bezeichneten Seelenachse weist an seinem hinteren Ende ein Patronenlager auf und ist drehfest in einer Verriegelungshülse 3 befestigt, die ihrerseits starr im Waffengehäuse (nicht gezeigt) angebracht ist. Das hintere Ende der Verriegelungshülse 3 weist eine runde Öffnung auf, von der rundum mit gegenseitigem Abstand angeordnete Radialnuten ausgehen, die jeweils einen etwa rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweisen. Zwischen der Vorderkante dieser Öffnung und dem hinteren Ende des Laufes 1 ist eine runde Kammer gebildet, deren Innendurchmesser etwa dem Durchmesser entspricht, den die Nutböden der Öffnung bilden.In Fig. 1 and 2 In each case, the closure system of a rapid-fire rifle is shown schematically. The barrel 1 with its designated as the longitudinal direction 21 axis of the soul has at its rear end a cartridge chamber and is rotatably mounted in a locking sleeve 3, which in turn is rigidly mounted in the weapon housing (not shown). The rear end of the locking sleeve 3 has a round opening, from which all sides run with spaced radial grooves, each having an approximately rectangular cross-section. Between the front edge of this opening and the rear end of the barrel 1, a round chamber is formed, whose inner diameter corresponds approximately to the diameter formed by the groove bottoms of the opening.

Der Verschluß weist einen Verschlußträger 5 und einen Verschlußkopf 11 auf, der einen zur Öffnung der Verriegelungshülse 3 komplementären Querschnitt mit Vorsprüngen aufweist, die den Nuten entsprechen, sowie eine Länge, die der Länge der genannten Kammer entspricht.The closure comprises a closure carrier 5 and a closure head 11 having a complementary cross section for opening the locking sleeve 3 with projections corresponding to the grooves, and a length corresponding to the length of said chamber.

Somit kann der Verschlußkopf 11 in einer auf die Öffnung ausgerichteten Drehwinkellage durch die Öffnung hindurch bis in die Kammer eingeführt werden. Wird der Verschlußkopf 11 dann in dieser Lage verdreht, dann hintergreifen seine Vorsprünge die Stege zwischen den Nuten der Verriegelungshülse 3, während der Verschlußkopf 11 gleichzeitig auf dem hinteren Ende des Laufes 1 aufsitzt oder nahezu aufsitzt. Nun kann der Verschlußkopf 11 nicht mehr geradlinig in Längsrichtung des Laufes 1 bewegt werden; er ist "verriegelt". Wird er wieder in seine vorherige Lage zurückgedreht, d.h. "entriegelt", dann kann er nach hinten aus der Kammer herausgezogen werden.Thus, the closure head 11 can be inserted in an aligned on the opening rotational angular position through the opening to the chamber. If the closure head 11 is then rotated in this position, then his projections engage behind the webs between the grooves of the locking sleeve 3, while the closure head 11 is simultaneously seated on the rear end of the barrel 1 or nearly seated. Now, the closure head 11 can no longer be moved in a straight line in the longitudinal direction of the barrel 1; he is "locked". If he is turned back to its previous position, i. "unlocked", then he can be pulled backwards out of the chamber.

In Fig. 1 ist der Verschlußkopf 11 verriegelt, in Fig. 2 entriegelt.In Fig. 1 the locking head 11 is locked, in Fig. 2 unlocked.

Der Verschlußkopf 11 ist mit seinem hinteren Teil in einem Verschlußträger 5 geführt, der durch eine nicht gezeigte Gaskolbeneinrichtung beim Schuß in Richtung des Pfeiles in Fig 2. bewegt wird. Hierbei ist am Verschlußkopf 11 ein Steuerbolzen 9 angebracht, der ein eine Steuerkulisse 7 bildendes Langloch im Verschlußträger 5 durchsetzt.The closure head 11 is guided with its rear part in a closure carrier 5, which by a gas piston device, not shown in the shot in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 2 , is moved. Here is attached to the closure head 11, a control pin 9, which passes through a control slot 7 forming slot in the closure carrier 5.

Die Kontur dieser Steuerkulisse 7 ist in Fig. 3 vergrößert dargestellt.The contour of this control link 7 is in Fig. 3 shown enlarged.

Wenn der Verschlußkopf 11 verriegelt ist (Fig. 1), dann befindet sich der Verschlußträger 5 in seiner vordersten Lage und der Steuerbolzen 9 liegt demzufolge am hinteren Ende der Steuerkulisse 7 an.When the closure head 11 is locked ( Fig. 1 ), then there is the closure carrier 5 in its foremost position and the control pin 9 is therefore at the rear end of the control link 7 at.

Beim Schuß wird der Verschlußträger 5 in Pfeilrichtung (gemäß Figur 2) bewegt, wobei der Steuerbolzen 9 und die schwach mit einem flachen Winkel 17 bezüglich der Längsrichtung 21 bzw. einer Parallelen zu dieser geneigte erste Seitenflanke 13 eine Relativbewegung zueinander durchführen. Die erste Seitenflanke 13 drückt dabei den Steuerbolzen 9 nach unten und verdreht den Verschlußkopf 11 entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn, von hinten her gesehen. Der Verschlußkopf 11 wird dabei entriegelt.When shooting the shutter carrier 5 in the direction of arrow (in accordance with FIG. 2 ), wherein the control pin 9 and the weakly with a shallow angle 17 with respect to the longitudinal direction 21 and a parallel to this inclined first side edge 13 perform a relative movement to each other. The first side edge 13 presses the control pin 9 down and twisted the closure head 11 counterclockwise, seen from the rear. The closure head 11 is unlocked.

Wenn der Steuerbolzen 9 gegen das vordere Ende der Steuerkulisse 7 anschlägt, ist die Entriegelungs-Drehbewegung des Verschlußkopfes 11 fertiggestellt und der Verschlußkopf 11 wird vom Verschlußträger durch den Eingriff des Steuerbolzens 9 in das vordere Ende der Steuerkulisse 7 nach hinten mitgenommen.When the control pin 9 abuts against the front end of the control link 7, the unlocking rotational movement of the closure head 11 is completed and the closure head 11 is taken from the closure carrier by the engagement of the control pin 9 in the front end of the control link 7 to the rear.

Nun erfolgt das Auswerfen der leeren Patronenhülse und das Nachführen der neuen Patrone in bekannter Weise. Dabei bewegt sich der Verschlußträger 5 zusammen mit dem Verschlußkopf 11 wieder nach vorne, bis der Verschlußkopf 11 gegen das hintere Ende des Laufes 1 anliegt. Der Steuerbolzen 9 nimmt dabei eine Lage in der Steuerkulisse 7 ein, die hinter deren vorderem Ende und vor der zweiten Seitenflanke 15 liegt, die um einen steilen Winkel 19 zur Längsrichtung 21 geneigt ist.Now, the ejection of the empty cartridge case and the tracking of the new cartridge in a known manner. In this case, the closure carrier 5 moves together with the closure head 11 again forward until the closure head 11 abuts against the rear end of the barrel 1. The control pin 9 takes a position in the control link 7, which is behind the front end and in front of the second side edge 15, which is inclined at a steep angle 19 to the longitudinal direction 21.

DerVerschlußkopf, derwährend der Rücklauf- und Vorwärtsbewegung durch Eingriff in nicht gezeigte Ausbildungen an der Drehung gehindert wurde, kann sich nun in der Lage der Fig. 2 drehen, wobei der Steuerbolzen 9 heftig gegen die zweite, steile Seitenflanke 15 gepreßt und dann durch diesen Eingriff nach oben gedrückt wird. Dabei verdreht sich der Verschlußkopf 11, von hinten gesehen, im Uhrzeigersinn und wird dabei verriegelt (Stellung der Fig. 1).The closure head, which was prevented from rotating during the return and forward movement by engaging in unshown formations, can now be in the position of Fig. 2 rotate, the control pin 9 is pressed violently against the second, steep side edge 15 and then pushed by this engagement upwards. In this case, the closure head 11, seen from behind, rotates clockwise and is thereby locked (position of the Fig. 1 ).

Wegen der unterschiedlichen Neigung der ersten 13 und zweiten 15 Seitenflanke ist zum Entriegeln des Verschlußkopfes 11 eine deutlich niedrigere Kraft erforderlich als zum Verriegeln. Es ist daher unschädlich, wenn infolge einer schlappen Patrone eine geringere Öffnungskraft zur Verfügung steht, oder eine durch Verschmutzung bedingte hohe Entriegelungskraft vorliegt. In jedem Fall besitzt der Verschluß 5, 11 nach dem Entriegeln, das mit nur geringer Kraft erfolgen konnte, die nötige Bewegungsenergie, um seinen Rücklauf vollständig durchzufahren und dabei einen ungestörten Nachladevorgang zu bewirken.Because of the different inclination of the first 13 and second 15 side flank for unlocking the closure head 11 a much lower force is required than for locking. It is therefore harmless if, due to a slack cartridge, a lower opening force is available, or there is a high unlocking force due to contamination. In any case, the lock has 5, 11 after unlocking, which could be done with little force, the necessary kinetic energy to fully drive his return and thereby causing an undisturbed reloading.

Claims (2)

  1. Gas operated, locked self-loading small arm comprising:
    a non-twistable breechblock carrier (5) moveable in a straight line in the longitudinal direction (21) of the arm, a breechblock head (11) rotatably mounted with its rear portion in the breechblock carrier (5) around the longitudinal direction (21) for locking and unlocking, the breechblock head (11) on its rear portion comprising a control pin (9) extending transversely to the longitudinal direction (21), which engages in a sliding guide (7) formed in the breechblock carrier (5) and extending obliquely to the longitudinal direction (21) and bounded by a first and a second side edge (13, 15), so that by this engagement,
    - at the beginning of the opening movement of the breechblock carrier (5), the breechblock head (11) remains fixed with respect to the longitudinal direction (21), but by the action of the first side edge (13) on the control pin (9) performs a rotation into the unlocked position, and only then participates in the opening movement, and
    - shortly before the end of the closing movement the breechblock head (11) comes to a stop with respect to the longitudinal direction (21) and during the end phase of the closing movement of the breechblock carrier (5) performs a backward rotation into the locking position by the action of the second side edge (15) on the control pin (9),
    characterised in that the first side edge (13) of the sliding guide (7), which twists the breechblock head (11) via the control pin (9) during unlocking, has a smaller angle (17) to the longitudinal direction (21) than the opposite second side edge (15), wherein the sliding guide (7)
    - is constructed as a long slot, having a front section and offset thereto a rear section, which both extend parallel to the longitudinal direction (21) and are connected by an oblique section which is bounded by the two edges (13, 15),
    - is disposed laterally, and
    - the rotational movement of the breechblock head (11) is set up so that the first side edge (13) lies over the second side edge (15).
  2. A small arm according to claim 1, characterised in that the breechblock carrier (5) is driven by a gas piston device.
EP97103261.0A 1996-04-24 1997-02-27 Automatic small-arm Expired - Lifetime EP0803698B3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19616397 1996-04-24
DE19616397A DE19616397C2 (en) 1996-04-24 1996-04-24 Self-loading handgun

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0803698A2 EP0803698A2 (en) 1997-10-29
EP0803698A3 EP0803698A3 (en) 1998-11-04
EP0803698B1 EP0803698B1 (en) 2004-04-21
EP0803698B3 true EP0803698B3 (en) 2016-03-09

Family

ID=7792325

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97103261.0A Expired - Lifetime EP0803698B3 (en) 1996-04-24 1997-02-27 Automatic small-arm

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US (1) US5920028A (en)
EP (1) EP0803698B3 (en)
KR (1) KR970071825A (en)
AT (1) ATE265034T1 (en)
DE (2) DE19616397C2 (en)
ES (1) ES2217344T7 (en)
IL (1) IL120416A (en)

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DE19907967B4 (en) * 1999-02-24 2005-04-28 Heckler & Koch Gmbh Verschlußzentrierung
DE10229846B3 (en) * 2002-07-03 2004-03-18 Heckler & Koch Gmbh Locked machine gun
ITMI20071909A1 (en) * 2007-10-04 2009-04-05 Beretta Armi Spa FIREARMS WITH PERFECTED SHUTTER GROUP
US8356543B2 (en) 2009-10-02 2013-01-22 Defense Deisigns, LLC Firearm firing mechanism
DE102010009427B4 (en) * 2010-02-26 2012-03-08 Heckler & Koch Gmbh Turnbuckle and weapon
US9038525B2 (en) * 2011-01-14 2015-05-26 ArmWest, LLC Firearm
US9488423B2 (en) 2011-01-14 2016-11-08 Arm West, Llc Firearm systems and methods
US10488136B2 (en) 2016-09-23 2019-11-26 ArmWest, LLC Selective fire firearm systems and methods
DE102017002190B4 (en) 2017-03-07 2022-01-27 Heckler & Koch Gmbh Locking self-loading handgun
DE102019120184B4 (en) * 2019-07-25 2021-10-21 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Lock and weapon system with the lock
DE102019120180A1 (en) * 2019-07-25 2021-01-28 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Locking system of a weapon as well as weapon
IT202100026651A1 (en) 2021-10-18 2023-04-18 Fabbrica Darmi Pietro Beretta S P A RIFLE WITH BOLT GROUP
EP4273493B1 (en) 2022-05-02 2024-02-21 Hans Wrage & Co. GmbH Handgun with breech locking mechanism

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DE478630C (en) * 1924-10-06 1929-06-29 Joseph Lovasz Automatic firearm
NL52759C (en) * 1938-01-05
US2971441A (en) * 1959-01-22 1961-02-14 Frederick P Reed Fire rate control means for a telescopic-type two-piece firearm bolt
BE634776A (en) * 1963-07-09
US3955470A (en) * 1973-09-13 1976-05-11 Kruzell George R Bolt operating and locking mechanism for closed breech rocket gun
AT350438B (en) * 1977-12-22 1979-05-25 Steyr Daimler Puch Ag LATCH FOR AUTOMATIC GUNS
US4389919A (en) * 1980-02-14 1983-06-28 Remington Arms Company, Inc. Firing pin block for firearm with a rotary breech bolt
IT1172795B (en) * 1983-05-09 1987-06-18 Benelli Armi Spa CLOSURE WITH ROTARY HEAD AND SHUTTER FOR AUTOMATIC FIREARMS WITH INERTIAL OPERATION USING THE KINETIC ENERGY OF THE RECOIL
US5551179A (en) * 1995-01-06 1996-09-03 Young; Daniel H. Bolt carrier
DE19600459A1 (en) * 1996-01-09 1997-07-10 Mauser Werke Oberndorf Waffensysteme Gmbh Breech for a firearm

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5920028A (en) 1999-07-06
ES2217344T7 (en) 2016-06-21
IL120416A (en) 1999-07-14
DE19616397A1 (en) 1997-11-06
ATE265034T1 (en) 2004-05-15
ES2217344T3 (en) 2004-11-01
DE19616397C2 (en) 2000-04-20
EP0803698B1 (en) 2004-04-21
EP0803698A2 (en) 1997-10-29
DE59711528D1 (en) 2004-05-27
KR970071825A (en) 1997-11-07
EP0803698A3 (en) 1998-11-04

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