EP0792528B1 - Antenne de type dip le demi-onde - Google Patents
Antenne de type dip le demi-onde Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0792528B1 EP0792528B1 EP95940313A EP95940313A EP0792528B1 EP 0792528 B1 EP0792528 B1 EP 0792528B1 EP 95940313 A EP95940313 A EP 95940313A EP 95940313 A EP95940313 A EP 95940313A EP 0792528 B1 EP0792528 B1 EP 0792528B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wave dipole
- elongate
- longitudinal axis
- antenna
- insulating means
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antenna half-wave dipole type directive particularly intended for transmission or reception in the range of frequency of approximately 88 to 108 MHz, known as the FM band.
- the known antennas used for radio transmission or reception in the FM band are generally poor guidelines. For broadcast the same program in broadcast areas neighboring, several antennas are necessary. The radiation patterns of neighboring antennas partially overlap. Each antenna is associated at a frequency different from the associated frequencies to neighboring antennas to avoid interference undesirable.
- SFN Single Frequency Network
- all antennas transmit with the same frequency.
- the radiation patterns of these antennas must be set very precisely so that the areas of scattering associated with these antennas are adjacent but do not overlap so that it does not happen no interference between neighboring broadcast areas.
- the antennas in an SFN network are very large.
- a large reflector is attached behind each antenna to avoid destructive interference between the field electromagnetic radiated by the antenna and that radiated by the previous antenna.
- the dimensions typical of these antennas are of the order of several meters. These dimensions increase the cost of manufacture of antennas, and complicate their installation and maintenance. Finally installed, these antennas degrade the landscape and present a strong wind which causes damage in storm event.
- the present invention aims to provide an antenna small footprint directive and whose shape radiation pattern is easily adaptable under the operating conditions of a network of single frequency broadcast.
- an antenna comprising a source radiant powered and a non-radiant source powered, is characterized in that the source powered is a half-wave dipole extending along a longitudinal axis and the unpowered source includes a first elongated conductive element extending along a secant longitudinal axis with the longitudinal axis of the half-wave dipole, and a first insulation means connecting a first end of the elongate element substantially in the center of the dipole half wave, one second end of the first elongated element and a first end of the half-wave dipole being isolated.
- the directivity of the antenna is better controlled when the unpowered source, called parasitic, comprises, in in addition, a second elongated conductive element and a second insulating means.
- the second slender element extends along a longitudinal axis intersecting with the axis longitudinal of the first elongated element and with the longitudinal axis of the half-wave dipole.
- the first insulation means extends from a first end fixed at the center of the half-wave dipole towards a second end to which the first end of the first elongated element and a first end of the second elongated element are fixed. A second end of the second elongated element and a second end of the half-wave dipole are isolated by the second insulating means.
- the first and second elongated elements form acute angles, preferably equal, with the axis longitudinal of the half-wave dipole.
- the antenna can radiate along this axis, mainly in one direction, either symmetrically or asymmetrical in both directions along the axis.
- the unpowered source further includes third and fourth elongated elements conductors, a second means of insulation, and third and fourth insulating means.
- the third and fourth elongated elements extend respectively along secant longitudinal axes between them and with the longitudinal axis of the half-wave dipole.
- the second isolation means extends from a first end fixed at the center of the half-wave dipole towards a second end to which first ends of third and fourth elongated elements are fixed. Of second ends of third and fourth elongated elements and the first and second ends of the half-wave dipole are respectively isolated by the third and fourth insulating means.
- the first and second insulation means extend the along an axis of symmetry which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the half-wave dipole and relative to which the first and third elongated elements are respectively symmetrical of the second and fourth elongated elements.
- the directivity of the antenna can be more accentuated in the second achievement compared to the first achievement, thanks to the third and fourth elongated elements.
- the first end of a slender element can be linked to a reference potential such as the earth through, among other things, a reactance additional, preferably variable in order to adjust the characteristics of the antenna diagram by example based on other broadcast areas surrounding, or to periodically select predetermined radiation patterns of the antenna.
- a reactance additional preferably variable in order to adjust the characteristics of the antenna diagram by example based on other broadcast areas surrounding, or to periodically select predetermined radiation patterns of the antenna.
- the first ends of the first and second elongated elements can be linked together through at least one reactance additional, preferably variable.
- the antenna includes the third and fourth elongated elements, the first ends of these can be linked together so analogous through additional reactance.
- a network of single frequency broadcasting called SFN network (Single Frequency Network)
- SFN network Single Frequency Network
- broadcast areas contiguous, also called diffusion cells arranged linearly to cover an axis AR motorway.
- a portion of the motorway axis AR is covered by four contiguous broadcasting zones ZD i , ZD i + 1 , ZD i + 2 and ZD i + 3 comprising transmitting antennas A i , A i + 1 , A i + 1 and A i + 3 , respectively.
- the broadcasting network transmits with a frequency carrier common to all broadcasting areas.
- the carrier frequency is in the band of VHF, and more particularly in the FM frequency band from approximately 88 to 108 MHz.
- the broadcast areas are perfectly defined for minimize interference between zones neighbors.
- the antenna A i mainly comprises two radiating sources.
- a first radiating source is supplied and constitutes a pilot 1.
- the second radiating source is non-supplied and constitutes a parasite 2.
- the antenna A i has a generally substantially triangular shape and is symmetrical with respect to a plane perpendicular to the plane of the figure 2 and having for trace the axis PP in FIG. 2.
- Pilot 1 is a half-wave dipole extending along a longitudinal axis D-D perpendicular to the axis P-P and includes two identical metal masts 11 and 12 aligned along the axis D-D.
- Mast 11a transversely an isosceles triangular section or equilateral and is formed by three cylindrical rods metallic 111, 112 and 113 parallel to the D-D axis.
- the cross section can be circular, square or polygonal, being still openwork.
- Two rods 111 and 112 are only visible in Figure 2.
- the three rods 111, 112 and 113 are joined by a lattice of spacers 114.
- the structure of the mast 11 is rigid, while being light and with little wind resistance.
- the mast 12 is identical to the mast 11 and includes three rods 121, 122 and 123 secured by a lattice of spacers 124.
- First ends 115 and 125 of the masts 11 and 12 close to the P-P axis are rigidly fixed to a first end 31 of an insulation base 3 which mechanically holds, while insulating electrically, the different parts connected to him.
- the foot 3 is elongated and centered on the axis P-P. The foot 3 is thus perpendicular to the masts 11 and 12 and is fixed thereto substantially in the center half-wave dipole 1.
- Second ends 116 and 126 of masts 11 and 12 form the ends of the dipole 1.
- Foot 3 includes a central core cylindrical 32 in dielectric material and a sheath protection 33 made of plastic.
- the extremities 115 and 125 of masts 11 and 12 are embedded in the protective sheath 33 so as to be isolated electrically.
- the foot has a section rectangular or is conical.
- the parasite 2 comprising first and second shrouds electrically identical conductors 21 and 22 extending in the plane of Figure 2 along axes H1-H1 and H2-H2, respectively.
- the H1-H1 and H2-H2 axes are intersecting with each other and intersecting with the axis P-P at the end of the foot 34.
- Each of the shrouds 21, 22 is formed by a slender element such as a rod cylindrical metal with a first end 211, 221 is embedded in the protective sheath 33 of the foot 3 at the end 34 and a second end 212, 222 is fixed to an insulating element 41, 42.
- the element insulator 41, 42 is a stretched wire nylon type synthetic connecting the second guy end 212, 222 at second end 116, 126 of the mast 11, 12.
- the parasite 2 thus has the shape of a vee, the point of which is on the axis P-P and the branches are directed towards the ends 116 and 126 of the pilot 1.
- the ends 212 and 222 of the branches of the vee are separated from the ends 116 and 126 of pilot 1.
- the shrouds are replaced by elongated metal blades or elongated cages of metal wires.
- the masts 11 and 12, the shrouds 21 and 22 and the leg 3 can be removable from each other to others.
- the foot 3 has a length of approximately 40 to 55 cm and a diameter of the order of approximately 5 to 10 cm.
- the sides of the triangular section of the masts 11 and 12 are each about 3 to 4 cm long.
- the shrouds 21 and 22 have a substantially equal length, that is to say somewhat less or greater, to the quarter wavelength, that is to say approximately 60 to 80 cm, and a diameter of 22 mm, and the insulating wires 41 and 42 have a length of 10 to 20 cm and a diameter of 0.2 mm.
- the angle between a stay cable and the foot is approximately 60 °, that is to say the angle between a stay cable and the DD dipole axis is an acute angle of approximately 30 °.
- the foot 3 has a length between 35 and 40 cm and a diameter between 60 and 80 mm.
- the lengths of the masts, foot and shrouds as well as the angle between the shrouds and the foot, or even the relative position of each of the shrouds and of the dipole, are interdependent and define the shape of the radiation diagram, the gain and the directivity of the antenna for a given transmission frequency of the antenna A i .
- the antenna A i is supported, for example by the end of the foot 31, by a support (not shown) of the foot arranged on the ground so that the masts 11 and 12 and the foot 3 are located in a horizontal plane as shown in top view in Figure 2, or are located in a vertical plane, depending on the desired diffusion area contour.
- the masts 11 and 12 are each supplied with an emission signal by two respective supply terminals 117 and 127 embedded in the sheath 33 at the end 31 of the foot 3.
- the terminals 117 and 127 are thus protected from the unfavorable influence rain or frost on the electrical characteristics of the antenna A i .
- Terminals 117 and 127 are respectively supplied by the inner conductors of two coaxial cables 51 and 52 of the same length connected to the outputs of a balun 5.
- the balun distributes the power of a transmission signal SE in FM band transmitted by a source 7 installed at the base of the support, through a coaxial antenna cable 70 winding in the support.
- the external conductors of the coaxial cables are connected to a reference potential, such as earth, by means of a metal plate 53 fixed to the end 31 of the foot 3.
- signal symmetrization of emission SE in symmetrical signals feeding masts 11 and 12 is integrated in the first end 31 of foot 3.
- the coaxial cable 70 is directly connected to a first coaxial section a balun having two coaxial sections, elongated, parallel and identical. Firsts ends of the outer conductors of the two coaxial sections are interconnected by a short circuit, one of these first ends being connected to the outer conductor of cable 70. second ends of the inner conductors of coaxial sections are connected to the mast terminals 117 and 127.
- the shrouds 21 and 22 have a reactance intrinsic XI21 and XI22, depending in particular on their length.
- the ends 211 and 221 shrouds are connected in series to the level of the end 34 of the foot 3.
- two reactors additional adaptations XS21 and XS22 are inserted in series between the ends 211 and 221 of each guy at the second end 34 of the foot 3.
- Reactances XS21 and XS22 have a common terminal connected to a metal plate 23, similar to the plate 53, and fixed to the end 34 of the foot 3. According to a simplified variant, the two reactances are replaced by a single reactance connected between the ends 211 and 221 of guy lines 21 and 22. In all cases, pilot 1 is electrically isolated from the parasite 2.
- the core 32 of foot 3 is conductive, for example metallic, the sheath 33 being insulating.
- the plaques 23 and 53 at both ends 31 and 34 are then brought to the same reference potential, or mass common. Consequently the ends 211 and 221 of the shrouds are brought to the reference potential.
- the total reactances XT21 and XT22 have equal values in the majority of applications so that the maximum of radiation is directed along the axis PP of foot 3 perpendicular to the half-wave dipole 1. More generally, the values of the reactances directly influence on the antenna radiation.
- the antenna A i radiates mainly in the parasitic direction 2 towards pilot 1 substantially along the axis PP, that is to say from the top down in FIG. 2.
- the intrinsic reactance XI21, XI22 increases when the length of the stay 21, 22 increases and the additional reactance XS21, XS22 increases with the value of the inductance inserted between the shroud 21, 22 and the foot 3.
- the antenna A i radiates in the pilot direction 1 towards parasite 2.
- the reactance XT21, XT22 becomes more capacitive when the length of the guy line 21 , 22 decreases or when a capacitor of higher capacity as additional reactance is inserted between the stay 21, 22 and the stand 3, for a given emission frequency.
- variable additional reactors XS21 and XS22 it is possible either to modify the radiation pattern of the antenna A i for a given emission frequency, or to modify the emission frequency then to adjust the radiation pattern of the antenna A i , for example so that the antenna is very directive, or else substantially bidirectional along the axis PP.
- This variation in the directivity and the gain of the antenna A i can be used to impose for example a broadcast of the transmission signal SE during a first period, for example during the day, in a bidirectional manner, that is to say - say almost omnidirectional, and for a second period, for example at night, in a directive manner. If the total reactances XT21 and XT21, or more precisely the variable additional reactances XS21 and XS22 are adjusted more and more differently, the directivity of the antenna A i is modified with respect to the foot axis PP.
- the variable reactors XS21 and XS22 can be controlled by remote-controlled gearmotors from the base of the antenna support.
- a second embodiment of an antenna Aa i has a general diamond shape and is symmetrical with respect to a trace plane Pa-Pa perpendicular to FIG. 3. Only the main differences of the antenna Aa i with respect to the previous embodiment A i are described.
- the antenna Aa i comprises a pilot analogous to the pilot 1, a first parasite 2a analogous to the parasite 2, a second parasite 6a analogous to the first parasite 2a and placed symmetrically with the latter relative to the longitudinal axis Da-Da of the pilot 1a, and a foot 3a.
- the pilot 1a is supplied in the same way as the pilot 1 by a transmission signal SEa transmitted by an FM source 7a through a balun 5a analogous to the balun 5.
- Foot 3a is substantially twice as long that foot 3 and extends on either side of the pilot along the Pa-Pa axis.
- the second parasite 6a comprises two guy lines 61a and 62a fixed between one end 34a of the foot 3a and two insulating wires 43a and 44a respectively fixed at the ends 116a and 126a of the pilot 1a.
- the third and fourth shrouds 61a and 62a extend along axes H61a-H61a and H62a-H62a, respectively.
- the axes H61a-H61a and H62a-H62a are intersecting with each other and intersecting with the Da-Da axis of the pilot 1a, and are preferably coplanar with the axes H1a-H1a and H2a-H2a of the first and second shrouds 21a and 22a.
- the first ends 211a, 221a, 611a and 621a of the four shrouds 21a, 22a, 61a and 62a are connected two by two in series at the ends of foot 3a, as illustrated in FIG. 3, or by through an additional reactance of variable preference, such as reactance XS21, XS22, adding to the intrinsic reactance of each of the wire.
- the lengths of the shrouds, the inclinations of the shrouds with respect to foot 3a and the values of the additional reactances condition the shape of the radiation diagram and therefore the directivity and the gain of the antenna Aa i , which can be more directive or bidirectional than the 'antenna A i .
- the antenna Aa i is not necessarily symmetrical with respect to the axis Da-Da, if the antenna must radiate asymmetrically with respect to the axis Da-Da of the pilot dipole 1a.
- the foot 3a has different lengths on either side of the pilot 1a.
- the lengths of the stays 61a and 62a, a priori equal to each other, are different from the length of the stays 21a and 22a.
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
Description
- la figure 1 représente schématiquement des zones de diffusion d'un réseau de diffusion à fréquence unique ;
- la figure 2 est une vue de dessus horizontale d'une antenne selon une première réalisation de l'invention ; et
- la figure 3 est une vue de dessus horizontale d'une antenne selon une seconde réalisation de l'invention.
Claims (8)
- Antenne (Ai) comprenant une source rayonnante alimentée (1) et une source rayonnante non alimentée (2), caractérisée en ce que la source alimentée est un dipôle demi-onde (1) s'étendant suivant un axe longitudinal (D-D) et la source non alimentée comprend un premier élément longiligne conducteur (21) s'étendant suivant un axe longitudinal (H1-H1) sécant avec l'axe longitudinal du dipôle demi-onde (1), et un premier moyen d'isolation (3) reliant une première extrémité (211) de l'élément longiligne sensiblement au centre (115, 225) du dipôle demi-onde, une seconde extrémité (212) du premier élément longiligne (21) et une première extrémité (116) du dipôle demi-onde (1) étant isolées.
- Antenne conforme à la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la source non alimentée comprend, en outre, un second élément longiligne conducteur (22) et un second moyen isolant (42), le second élément longiligne (22) s'étendant suivant un axe longitudinal (H2-H2) sécant avec l'axe longitudinal (H1-H1) du premier élément longiligne (21) et avec l'axe longitudinal (D-D) du dipôle demi-onde (1), le premier moyen d'isolation (3) s'étendant depuis une première extrémité (31) fixée au centre (115, 125) du dipôle demi-onde vers une seconde extrémité (34) à laquelle la première extrémité (211) du premier élément longiligne (21) et une première extrémité (221) du second élément longiligne (22) sont fixées, une seconde extrémité (222) du second élément longiligne (22) et une seconde extrémité (126) du dipôle demi-onde (1) étant isolées.
- Antenne conforme à la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que les premier et second éléments longilignes (21, 22) forment des angles aigus, de préférence égaux, avec l'axe longitudinal (D-D) du dipôle demi-onde (1).
- Antenne (Aai) conforme à la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que la source non alimentée (2a) comprend, en outre, des troisième et quatrième éléments longilignes conducteurs (61a, 62a), et un second moyen d'isolation (3a), les troisième et quatrième éléments longilignes (61a, 62a) s'étendant respectivement suivant des axes longitudinaux (H61a-H61a, H62a-H62a) sécants entre eux et avec l'axe longitudinal (Da-Da) du dipôle demi-onde (1a), le second moyen d'isolation (3a) s'étendant depuis une première extrémité (31a) fixée au centre du dipôle demi-onde vers une seconde extrémité (34a) à laquelle des premières extrémités (611a, 621a) des troisième et quatrième éléments longilignes sont fixées, et des secondes extrémités (612a, 622a) des troisième et quatrième éléments longilignes et les première et seconde extrémités (116a, 126a) du dipôle demi-onde étant respectivement isolées.
- Antenne conforme à la revendication 4, dans laquelle les premier et second moyens d'isolation (3a) s'étendent le long d'un axe de symétrie (P-P) qui est perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal (D-D) du dipôle demi-onde (1a) et par rapport auquel les premier et troisième éléments longilignes (21a, 61a) sont respectivement symétriques des second et quatrième éléments longilignes (22a, 62a).
- Antenne conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que la première extrémité (211, 221; 211a, 221a, 611a, 621a) d'un élément longiligne (21, 22; 21a, 22a, 61a, 62a) est reliée à un potentiel de référence à travers, entre autre, une réactance supplémentaire (XS21, XS22), de préférence variable.
- Antenne conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 5, caractérisé en ce les premières extrémités (211, 221; 211a, 221a, 611a, 621a) des premier et second éléments longilignes (21, 22 ; 21a, 22a, 61a, 62a) sont reliées ensemble à travers au moins une réactance supplémentaire (XS21, XS22), de préférence variable.
- Antenne conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans laquelle le dipôle demi-onde (1; 1a) comprend deux mâts métalliques (11, 12), un élément longiligne (21, 22; 21a, 22a, 61a, 62a) comprend une tige ou lame métallique, la seconde extrémité (212,222; 612a,622a) d'un second élément longiligne et l'extrémité respective (116, 126; 116a, 126a) du dipôle demi-onde (1;1a) sont isolées par un fil tendu (41, 42; 41a, 42a, 43a, 44a), et le moyen d'isolation (3, 3a) a une forme générale cylindrique comprenant un noyau central (32) en matière diélectrique et une gaine (33) en matière plastique à laquelle sont reliées des extrémités proches (115, 225) des mâts et la première extrémité (211, 212; 211a, 221a, 611a, 621a) d'un élément longiligne.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9413939A FR2727249B1 (fr) | 1994-11-18 | 1994-11-18 | Antenne de type dipole demi-onde |
FR9413939 | 1994-11-18 | ||
PCT/FR1995/001499 WO1996016453A1 (fr) | 1994-11-18 | 1995-11-15 | Antenne de type dipôle demi-onde |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0792528A1 EP0792528A1 (fr) | 1997-09-03 |
EP0792528B1 true EP0792528B1 (fr) | 1998-09-30 |
Family
ID=9469014
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95940313A Expired - Lifetime EP0792528B1 (fr) | 1994-11-18 | 1995-11-15 | Antenne de type dip le demi-onde |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0792528B1 (fr) |
CZ (1) | CZ284949B6 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69505149T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2125057T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2727249B1 (fr) |
HU (1) | HU217725B (fr) |
PL (1) | PL178126B1 (fr) |
SK (1) | SK280107B6 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1996016453A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3623109A (en) * | 1967-12-26 | 1971-11-23 | Klaus Neumann | Yagi-type multiband antenna having one element parasitic in one frequency band and driven in another frequency band |
US4543583A (en) * | 1983-06-06 | 1985-09-24 | Gerard A. Wurdack & Associates, Inc. | Dipole antenna formed of coaxial cable |
-
1994
- 1994-11-18 FR FR9413939A patent/FR2727249B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-11-15 CZ CZ971499A patent/CZ284949B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-11-15 SK SK610-97A patent/SK280107B6/sk unknown
- 1995-11-15 HU HU9702083A patent/HU217725B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-11-15 PL PL95320029A patent/PL178126B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-11-15 ES ES95940313T patent/ES2125057T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-15 EP EP95940313A patent/EP0792528B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-15 WO PCT/FR1995/001499 patent/WO1996016453A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1995-11-15 DE DE69505149T patent/DE69505149T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0792528A1 (fr) | 1997-09-03 |
ES2125057T3 (es) | 1999-02-16 |
HU217725B (hu) | 2000-04-28 |
DE69505149D1 (de) | 1998-11-05 |
SK280107B6 (sk) | 1999-08-06 |
DE69505149T2 (de) | 1999-04-22 |
SK61097A3 (en) | 1998-05-06 |
HUT77273A (hu) | 1998-03-02 |
PL178126B1 (pl) | 2000-03-31 |
FR2727249B1 (fr) | 1996-12-27 |
CZ284949B6 (cs) | 1999-04-14 |
PL320029A1 (en) | 1997-09-01 |
CZ149997A3 (cs) | 1999-02-17 |
WO1996016453A1 (fr) | 1996-05-30 |
FR2727249A1 (fr) | 1996-05-24 |
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