EP0790354B1 - Device for inserting an active joint in a structure, apparatus and process therefor - Google Patents

Device for inserting an active joint in a structure, apparatus and process therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0790354B1
EP0790354B1 EP97400142A EP97400142A EP0790354B1 EP 0790354 B1 EP0790354 B1 EP 0790354B1 EP 97400142 A EP97400142 A EP 97400142A EP 97400142 A EP97400142 A EP 97400142A EP 0790354 B1 EP0790354 B1 EP 0790354B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool
blade
groove
rake
active joint
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP97400142A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0790354A1 (en
Inventor
Bernard Quiros
Jean-Luc Aubert
Jacky Cahour
Bernard Faure
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Colas SA
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Colas SA
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
    • E01C23/02—Devices for making, treating or filling grooves or like channels in not-yet-hardened paving, e.g. for joints or markings; Removable forms therefor; Devices for introducing inserts or removable insert-supports in not-yet-hardened paving
    • E01C23/026—Introducing preformed inserts into or filling grooves or like channels in laid paving, with or without concurrent making or working of groove or channel, e.g. filling groove with semi-plastic material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for inserting a seal. active in a structure, an apparatus for inserting an active joint in a structure and a method for inserting an active joint in a structure.
  • structure means any type of road road, landing strip or other industrial paving in fluid concrete or in a malleable mineral mixture such as sand / gravel / hydraulic or hydrocarbon road binder.
  • Such a groove is advantageously formed in a soil made of a stable and perfectly calibrated material.
  • tools fitted with a narrow coulter such as those described in the document FR-A-2,687,699 or machines comprising at least minus a cylinder of horizontal axis mounted in a frame and driven by means of propulsion, the cylinder comprising at least one peripheral blade in the form of crown, as described in document FR-A-2,581,687.
  • the document FR-A-2,547,330 describes a machine for provide joints in a roadway, or a paving, comprising burial means constituted by two articulated jaws, intended to bury a joint in a strip of pavement.
  • the jaws can be controlled in open-close, they form in the state closed a housing for a joint.
  • the seal is inserted in the strip of the roadway by driving in the closed jaws.
  • Document FR-A-2,601,977 describes a device for inserting active joints in a structure, especially when the creation of a traffic lane. These measures includes a substantially shaped driving member half-disc, for the opening of a receiving trench joint, and a member for closing the trench constituted by a fork with two branches, the sinking member and the member of closure being carried by a common shaft and mounted at pivoting. This machine requires a structure made of a stable material and perfectly calibrated.
  • the object of the invention is to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by a device insertion of an active joint into a structure, comprising a tool intended to form a groove for the introduction of the seal active.
  • the tool comprises a vibrator carrying a blade extending in a first direction and used to form the groove by sinking according to the first direction.
  • the vibrator also carries a series of rods substantially parallel to each other and extending in a second direction so as to be arranged in a plane perpendicular to the orientation of the blade and forming a rake.
  • the vibrator is able to activate the blade, to form the groove, in vibration according to a main component parallel to the first direction, i.e.
  • the vibrator is mounted pivoting so that the blade can be oriented alternately or the rake approximately perpendicular to the surface of the structure.
  • the principle of vibro-sinking is based on the fact that the internal shear strength of a material is strongly lowered by vibrations produced in the material.
  • the application of vibrations transmitted by the rake allows unpack the material on either side of the active joint.
  • the closing of the groove by unzipping the eastern edges essential to keep the seal in vertical position during the material compacting operation with a roller vibrant.
  • the opening and closing of the train path, and advantageously also the introduction of the active seal into the groove, are performed by a single tool. This one is designed from in such a way that we can use the same means intended to activate the vibrating tool for the blade and for the rake.
  • the vibrations necessary for the operation of the tool and the device comprising it can be generated as well by means separate from the device and connected to it by appropriate mechanical means, only by means integrated into the device.
  • the device of the invention ensures a depression efficient and fast tool in a material or structure to form the groove, thanks to the possibility of choosing the frequency and amplitude of vibrations as a function of material, or the nature of the structure, in which the joint active must be inserted.
  • the invention presents a convenience of use since there is no furrow formwork to accompany the driving blade and where the tool and the device comprising such a tool can be controlled by piloting from a cabin of an apparatus or a vehicle fitted with such a tool.
  • the shape and dimensions of the blade and the dimensions and arrangement of rods may vary depending the application of the tool or device.
  • the active joint can have different shapes and dimensions.
  • joints with a cross section approximately sinusoidal cross section show characteristics clearly superior to those of a flat joint.
  • seals with a series are used undulations with a flat at each of its ends.
  • the tool for inserting an active joint into a soil and device comprising such a tool can be mounted on a apparatus for inserting an active joint into a structure or onto a vehicle.
  • the invention also relates to an apparatus insertion of an active joint into a structure, comprising a hydraulic arm, and an insertion device as defined more high.
  • the hydraulic arm serves as toolbox.
  • such an apparatus comprises a frame having the dimensions necessary to allow the frame to step over a section of the structure, the hydraulic arm being mounted rotating on the frame.
  • This arrangement is particularly advantageous to implement an almost automatic installation of joints active, for example on an airport runway.
  • the insertion device is integrated into the suite of different machines used for construction of the track. Guided by one of the edges of the track or by any other suitable means, the device positions the tool at regular distances and orient it so as to lay the joints active regularly and thus obtain, as the case may be, a line continuous active joints or a series of parallel active joints between them and perpendicular to the axis of the runway, or both, continuous line and following, both. Besides, greater regularity of the installation, we also get better quality of work following the elimination of manual tasks for pre-marking the position of the seals and thanks to assistance with repetitive and tedious tasks such as, for example, lowering and raising the tool, tool tilt, sinking time and depth, and vibration time for closing the groove.
  • this device may consist of a vehicle comprising a hydraulic arm and a tool as defined more high. More particularly, such a vehicle is then a machine dedicated whose hydraulic arm is capable of carrying such mechanical and whose control elements are used to handle the tool according to the invention.
  • the invention further relates to a method insertion of an active joint into a structure, with opening a groove intended to receive the active joint, by vibro-sinking.
  • This process includes the steps of positioning a tool such as described above, on the structure, push the blade the tool in the structure by vibration, reassemble the blade, tilt the tool, insert an active seal in the open groove, lower the rake of the tool to push it into the structure, close the groove by vibration while raising the tool.
  • a vehicle fitted with a device according to the invention runs in the axis or along a roadway in order to lay a line of active joints or a series of active joints arranged perpendicular to the axis of the road.
  • the active seal is gripped by a clamp hydraulic part of the device tool and is maintained until its introduction into the furrow.
  • the tool now the active seal is lowered so that drive the rake stems into the road, on both sides on the other side of the groove.
  • the hydraulic clamp is opened and the tool is slowly raised by actuating the rods vibration according to an essentially horizontal component.
  • the method of the invention can be applied for the insertion of an active joint in all kinds of materials foundations such as for example compacted concrete, gravel and sands treated with hydraulic binders, soils and by-products manufacturers treated with hydraulic binders. In these cases, has a working time of the order of two to three hours depending on the workability of the material.
  • the following description is made in the assumption that the active joint is inserted vertically in a ground.
  • the invention is also applicable to a insertion of an active joint in a plane different from a plane vertical and, generally speaking, at an angle different from the right angle to the ground.
  • the device for inserting an active joint into a soil comprises a tool 1 pivotally mounted around an H axis on a stirrup 2.
  • the tool 1 is provided with a blade 3 and a plurality of rods 4 forming a rake 5.
  • the blade 3 has a cross section substantially triangular and more particularly in the shape of a triangle isosceles symmetrical with respect to a plane extending in a first direction A.
  • This first direction A is the direction of tool insertion into the ground when the opening of a furrow.
  • Blade 3 has a height, measured in direction A, on the order of 30 cm to 40 cm and a base width of about 5 cm.
  • the edge of the blade, corresponding to the triangle tip of its section transverse, has a width of the order of 1 cm.
  • the blade 3 has a length of the order of 3 m. of the blades longer than 3 m, more particularly 5 m, are formed with stiffeners.
  • the rods 4 are arranged in two rows and integral with a support 6 thus forming a rake mounted removable on tool 1.
  • the two rows of rods 4 are arranged symmetrically and parallel to each other with respect to a plane of symmetry extending in a second direction B perpendicular to the first direction A.
  • the second direction B is the direction in which the rods are driven into the ground in view of the closing of the groove, after insertion of a joint active, by vibro-decompaction.
  • the insertion tool 1 also includes a vibrator 7 which generates vibrations which make it possible to actuate blade and rods in a frequency range included between 2000 Hz and 4000 Hz and with an amplitude ranging from 5 to 15 mm.
  • the stirrup 2 is connected to a hydraulic arm 16 serving as a tool holder by means of a rotator element 8.
  • the bracket 2 is attached to the rotator element 8 by a lifting cylinder 9 and optionally by two links 10, 11.
  • the jack 9 is used when sinking into the ground and raising the implement, while the hydraulic arm is mainly used for positioning the tool or device comprising the tool.
  • the rotator element 8 makes it possible to orient the vibrator 7 at any angle around an axis V substantially vertical.
  • the tilting of tool 1 around the horizontal axis H to alternately put the blade 3 or the rake 5 in a vertical position can be done by hand.
  • the insertion device shown in the drawings comprises a tilting cylinder 12 attached by one of its ends at stirrup 2 and by the other of its ends at vibro-digger 7. This arrangement makes it possible to tilt the tool 1 by a 90 ° pivot around the tilting axis H to fix it in either of two positions predefined.
  • tool 1 could be positioned, either by hand or by the actuator tilting 12, in any position other than the position vertical or horizontal position.
  • Tool 1 also includes hydraulic clamps 14 arranged symmetrically between the two rows of rods 4. Hydraulic clamps allow to retain an active joint 15 during tilting and lowering of the rake 5.
  • Vibrator 7 and stirrup 2 can be fitted with a blocking system for blocking the vibrator 7 especially in the horizontal and vertical positions.
  • tool 1 can be fitted with a quick coupler system allowing a removable attachment of the vibrator 7 to the stirrup 2.
  • the tool and the insertion device comprising such a tools require only two hydraulic functions.
  • Moon successively manages the rotation around the vertical axis V, when tilting around the horizontal axis H and the vibration. These functions are never simultaneous.
  • the second hydraulic function manages the grippers hydraulic to keep the seal active.
  • the active joint is advantageously made of PVC in 6 / 10th of a mm. It is made continuously and cut to desired lengths, preferably lengths per example of 2 m and 3 m. However, other dimensions and materials are also possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Repair (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Road Paving Machines (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

Tool for inserting active joint in rigid structure such as a concrete slab or road surface comprises vibration jig with blade to form channel for joint.

Description

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'insertion d'un joint actif dans une structure, un appareil d'insertion d'un joint actif dans une structure et un procédé d'insertion d'un joint actif dans une structure.The invention relates to a device for inserting a seal. active in a structure, an apparatus for inserting an active joint in a structure and a method for inserting an active joint in a structure.

Dans le contexte de la présente invention, le terme "structure" désigne indifféremment tout type de chaussée routière, piste d'atterrissage ou autre dallage industriel en béton fluide ou en un mélange minéral malléable tel que sable/gravillons/liant routier hydraulique ou hydrocarboné.In the context of the present invention, the term "structure" means any type of road road, landing strip or other industrial paving in fluid concrete or in a malleable mineral mixture such as sand / gravel / hydraulic or hydrocarbon road binder.

Lors de la prise d'une dalle de béton de grande dimension, celle-ci se rétracte. Afin d'éviter des fissures anarchiques, on crée dans la dalle de béton, préalablement à la prise, des lignes de rupture privilégiées. Ces lignes de ruptures se présentent sous forme de rainures réalisées par exemple à l'aide d'une scie circulaire à béton.When taking a large concrete slab dimension, this one retracts. To avoid cracks anarchic, we create in the concrete slab, before the grip, privileged breaking lines. These lines of breaks are in the form of grooves made by example using a concrete saw.

De même, on observe des effets de dilatation et de retrait d'une dalle lorsque celle-ci est soumise à des variations de température. Ces effets contribuent à amplifier le phénomène de retrait. Pour maítriser le nombre et la dimension des fissures, on procède à la préfissuration de la structure au moment de sa construction par sillons.Similarly, effects of dilation and removal of a slab when it is subjected to temperature variations. These effects help to amplify the phenomenon of withdrawal. To control the number and the dimension of the cracks, we proceed to the pre-cracking of the structure at the time of its construction by grooves.

Pour ce faire, on prépare d'abord des sillons dans lesquels sont déposés ensuite les joints.To do this, we first prepare grooves in which are then deposited the seals.

Un tel sillon est avantageusement formé dans un sol constitué d'un matériau stable et parfaitement calibré.Such a groove is advantageously formed in a soil made of a stable and perfectly calibrated material.

Pour créer des sillons, on utilise par exemple des outils munis d'un soc étroit tels que ceux décrits dans le document FR-A-2.687.699 ou des machines comprenant au moins un cylindre d'axe horizontal monté dans un bâti et entraíné par des moyens de propulsion, le cylindre comportant au moins une lame périphérique en forme de couronne, telle que cela est décrit dans le document FR-A-2.581.687.To create grooves, for example, tools fitted with a narrow coulter such as those described in the document FR-A-2,687,699 or machines comprising at least minus a cylinder of horizontal axis mounted in a frame and driven by means of propulsion, the cylinder comprising at least one peripheral blade in the form of crown, as described in document FR-A-2,581,687.

Selon une autre technique, connue du document FR-A-2.609.480, on réalise des préfissurations en introduisant une discontinuité à la partie supérieure de la dernière couche répandue d'une chaussée. Plus particulièrement, on ouvre des sillons dans la couche avant son compactage définitif. Ensuite, on projette dans ces sillons un produit créant la discontinuité avec le matériau avoisinant, on referme les sillons et on procède au compactage définitif de la couche. L'ouverture des sillons peut être réalisée soit par des moyens mécaniques, soit par injection sous haute pression d'un produit liquide créant la discontinuité.According to another technique, known from document FR-A-2,609,480, we carry out pre-cracking by introducing a discontinuity at the top of the last layer spread of a roadway. More specifically, we open furrows in the layer before its final compaction. Then, a product is created in these grooves creating the discontinuity with the neighboring material, we close the grooves and the final compaction of the layer is carried out. The opening of the furrows can be carried out either by means mechanical, either by high pressure injection of a liquid product creating discontinuity.

Ces dispositifs et machines connus ne permettent pas d'assurer le transfert de charges roulantes d'une dalle à l'autre.These known devices and machines do not allow ensure the transfer of rolling loads from a slab to the other.

Le document FR-A-2.547.330 décrit une machine pour ménager des joints dans une chaussée routière, ou un dallage, comprenant des moyens enfouisseurs constitués par deux mâchoires articulées, destinés à enfouir un joint dans une bande de la chaussée. Les mâchoires pouvant être commandées en ouverture-fermeture, elles forment à l'état fermé un logement pour un joint. Le joint est inséré dans la bande de la chaussée par enfonçage des mâchoires fermées.The document FR-A-2,547,330 describes a machine for provide joints in a roadway, or a paving, comprising burial means constituted by two articulated jaws, intended to bury a joint in a strip of pavement. The jaws can be controlled in open-close, they form in the state closed a housing for a joint. The seal is inserted in the strip of the roadway by driving in the closed jaws.

Le document FR-A-2.601.977 décrit un dispositif pour insérer des joints actifs dans une structure, en particulier lors de la réalisation d'une voie de circulation. Ce dispositif comprend un organe de fonçage sensiblement en forme de demi-disque, pour l'ouverture d'une tranchée réceptrice du joint, et un organe de fermeture de la tranchée constitué par une fourche à deux branches, l'organe de fonçage et l'organe de fermeture étant portés par un arbre commun et montés à pivotement. Cette machine nécessite de disposer d'une structure constituée d'un matériau stable et parfaitement calibré.Document FR-A-2,601,977 describes a device for inserting active joints in a structure, especially when the creation of a traffic lane. These measures includes a substantially shaped driving member half-disc, for the opening of a receiving trench joint, and a member for closing the trench constituted by a fork with two branches, the sinking member and the member of closure being carried by a common shaft and mounted at pivoting. This machine requires a structure made of a stable material and perfectly calibrated.

La stabilité du matériau étant fonction de la teneur en eau, le mélange doit être réalisé avec des matériaux, sables et graves traités ayant une teneur en eau constante. Si le mélange est trop sec, les gravillons risquent de combler le sillon. Et si le mélange est trop humide, les bords du sillon s'affaissent.The stability of the material being a function of the content of water, mixing must be done with materials, sands and serious treaties with a constant water content. If the mixture is too dry, the gravel may fill the furrow. And if the mixture is too wet, the edges of the groove collapse.

En raison de la variabilité des conditions météorologiques, il est évident que la mise en place d'un joint actif au moyen d'un outil ou d'un dispositif tel que décrit plus haut, est souvent interrompue, ce qui réduit le rendement de la pose du joint actif.Due to the variability of conditions weather it is obvious that the placement of a seal active by means of a tool or device as described more high, is often interrupted, reducing the yield of the installation of the active joint.

Le but de l'invention est de remédier aux inconvénients précités.The object of the invention is to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks.

Le but de l'invention est atteint par un dispositif d'insertion d'un joint actif dans une structure, comportant un outil destiné à former un sillon pour l'introduction du joint actif. Conformément à l'invention, l'outil comprend un vibro-fonceur portant une lame s'étendant dans une première direction et servant à former le sillon par fonçage suivant la première direction. Le vibro-fonceur porte également une série de tiges sensiblement parallèles entre elles et s'étendant dans une deuxième direction de manière à être disposées selon un plan perpendiculaire à l'orientation de la lame et formant un râteau. Le vibro-fonceur est apte à actionner la lame, pour former le sillon, en vibration selon une composante principale parallèle à la première direction, soit généralement verticale, et à actionner le râteau, pour fermer le sillon après introduction du joint actif, en vibration selon une composante principale transversale au plan des tiges, soit généralement horizontale. Le vibro-fonceur est monté pivotant de manière à pouvoir orienter alternativement la lame ou le râteau approximativement perpendiculaire à la surface de la structure.The object of the invention is achieved by a device insertion of an active joint into a structure, comprising a tool intended to form a groove for the introduction of the seal active. According to the invention, the tool comprises a vibrator carrying a blade extending in a first direction and used to form the groove by sinking according to the first direction. The vibrator also carries a series of rods substantially parallel to each other and extending in a second direction so as to be arranged in a plane perpendicular to the orientation of the blade and forming a rake. The vibrator is able to activate the blade, to form the groove, in vibration according to a main component parallel to the first direction, i.e. generally vertical, and to actuate the rake, to close the groove after introduction of the active joint, in vibration according to a main component transverse to the plane of the rods, is generally horizontal. The vibrator is mounted pivoting so that the blade can be oriented alternately or the rake approximately perpendicular to the surface of the structure.

Le principe du vibro-fonçage est fondé sur le fait que la résistance au cisaillement interne d'un matériau est fortement abaissée par des vibrations produites dans le matériau. Lorsque le joint actif est introduit dans le sillon, l'application de vibrations transmises par le râteau permet de décompacter le matériau de part et d'autre du joint actif. La fermeture du sillon par décompactage des bords est indispensable pour maintenir le joint en position verticale pendant l'opération de compactage du matériau au rouleau vibrant.The principle of vibro-sinking is based on the fact that the internal shear strength of a material is strongly lowered by vibrations produced in the material. When the active seal is introduced into the groove, the application of vibrations transmitted by the rake allows unpack the material on either side of the active joint. The closing of the groove by unzipping the eastern edges essential to keep the seal in vertical position during the material compacting operation with a roller vibrant.

L'ouverture et la fermeture du sillon, et avantageusement aussi l'introduction du joint actif dans le sillon, sont effectuées par un seul outil. Celui-ci est conçu de manière telle que l'on puisse se servir des mêmes moyens destinés à actionner l'outil en vibration pour la lame et pour le râteau.The opening and closing of the train path, and advantageously also the introduction of the active seal into the groove, are performed by a single tool. This one is designed from in such a way that we can use the same means intended to activate the vibrating tool for the blade and for the rake.

Les vibrations nécessaires au fonctionnement de l'outil et du dispositif qui le comporte, peuvent être engendrées aussi bien par des moyens séparés du dispositif et reliés à celui-ci par des moyens mécaniques appropriés, que par des moyens intégrés au dispositif.The vibrations necessary for the operation of the tool and the device comprising it, can be generated as well by means separate from the device and connected to it by appropriate mechanical means, only by means integrated into the device.

Le dispositif de l'invention assure un enfoncement efficace et rapide de l'outil dans un matériau ou une structure pour former le sillon, grâce à la possibilité de choisir la fréquence et l'amplitude des vibrations en fonction du matériau, ou de la nature de la structure, dans lequel le joint actif doit être inséré. De plus, l'invention présente une commodité d'utilisation dans la mesure où il n'y a pas de coffrage du sillon pour accompagner la lame de fonçage et où l'outil et le dispositif comportant un tel outil peuvent être commandés par pilotage à partir d'une cabine d'un appareil ou d'un véhicule muni d'un tel outil.The device of the invention ensures a depression efficient and fast tool in a material or structure to form the groove, thanks to the possibility of choosing the frequency and amplitude of vibrations as a function of material, or the nature of the structure, in which the joint active must be inserted. In addition, the invention presents a convenience of use since there is no furrow formwork to accompany the driving blade and where the tool and the device comprising such a tool can be controlled by piloting from a cabin of an apparatus or a vehicle fitted with such a tool.

Le dispositif de l'invention peut également avoir l'une ou l'autre des caractéristiques suivantes, prises isolément ou dans toutes leurs combinaisons techniquement possibles:

  • l'outil comprend un étrier de fixation dans lequel le vibro-fonceur est monté pivotant autour d'un axe sensiblement horizontal en position de travail;
  • le dispositif comprend un porte-outil auquel l'outil est attaché au moyen d'un élément rotateur permettant d'orienter l'outil autour d'un axe sensiblement vertical en position de travail;
  • l'étrier peut être attaché à l'élément rotateur au moyen de biellettes et d'un vérin de relevage;
  • l'outil comprend un vérin de basculement monté respectivement sur l'étrier et le vibro-fonceur et destiné à basculer le corps d'outil de manière à mettre la lame ou le râteau dans la position de travail;
  • les tiges sont disposées en au moins deux rangées et les moyens de préhension comportent des pinces hydrauliques destinées à saisir le joint actif et à le maintenir jusqu'à son introduction dans le sillon. Ces pinces sont disposées à l'intérieur des rangées de tiges, soit entre les deux seules rangées de tiges, soit entre les deux rangées centrales de tiges et approximativement parallèles à celles-ci;
  • le râteau est solidaire d'un support monté amovible sur le vibro-fonceur;
  • la lame est montée amovible sur le vibro-fonceur.
The device of the invention may also have one or the other of the following characteristics, taken in isolation or in all their technically possible combinations:
  • the tool comprises a fixing bracket in which the vibrator is mounted to pivot about a substantially horizontal axis in the working position;
  • the device comprises a tool holder to which the tool is attached by means of a rotator element making it possible to orient the tool around a substantially vertical axis in the working position;
  • the stirrup can be attached to the rotator element by means of rods and a lifting cylinder;
  • the tool comprises a tilting cylinder mounted respectively on the stirrup and the vibrator and intended to tilt the tool body so as to put the blade or the rake in the working position;
  • the rods are arranged in at least two rows and the gripping means comprise hydraulic clamps intended to grip the active joint and to maintain it until its introduction into the groove. These pliers are arranged inside the rows of rods, either between the only two rows of rods, or between the two central rows of rods and approximately parallel thereto;
  • the rake is secured to a removable mount on the vibrator;
  • the blade is removably mounted on the vibrator.

La forme et les dimensions de la lame et les dimensions et la disposition des tiges peuvent varier selon l'application de l'outil ou du dispositif.The shape and dimensions of the blade and the dimensions and arrangement of rods may vary depending the application of the tool or device.

Le joint actif peut avoir différentes formes et dimensions. Toutefois, les joints ayant une section transversale approximativement sinusoïdale montrent des caractéristiques nettement supérieures à celles d'un joint plat. Avantageusement, on utilise des joints présentant une série d'ondulations avec un méplat à chacune de ses extrémités.The active joint can have different shapes and dimensions. However, joints with a cross section approximately sinusoidal cross section show characteristics clearly superior to those of a flat joint. Advantageously, seals with a series are used undulations with a flat at each of its ends.

L'outil d'insertion d'un joint actif dans un sol et le dispositif comportant un tel outil peuvent être montés sur un appareil d'insertion d'un joint actif dans une structure ou sur un véhicule.The tool for inserting an active joint into a soil and device comprising such a tool can be mounted on a apparatus for inserting an active joint into a structure or onto a vehicle.

Ainsi, l'invention concerne également un appareil d'insertion d'un joint actif dans une structure, comportant un bras hydraulique, et un dispositif d'insertion tel que défini plus haut. Dans cette disposition, le bras hydraulique sert comme porte-outil. Plus particulièrement, un tel appareil comprend un bâti ayant les dimensions nécessaires pour permettre au bâti d'enjamber un tronçon de la structure, le bras hydraulique étant monté tournant sur le bâti.Thus, the invention also relates to an apparatus insertion of an active joint into a structure, comprising a hydraulic arm, and an insertion device as defined more high. In this arrangement, the hydraulic arm serves as toolbox. More particularly, such an apparatus comprises a frame having the dimensions necessary to allow the frame to step over a section of the structure, the hydraulic arm being mounted rotating on the frame.

Cette disposition est particulièrement avantageuse pour mettre en oeuvre une pose quasi automatique de joints actifs, par exemple sur une piste d'atterrissage d'un aéroport.This arrangement is particularly advantageous to implement an almost automatic installation of joints active, for example on an airport runway.

L'appareil d'insertion est, dans ce cas, intégré dans la suite des différentes machines utilisées pour la construction de la piste. Guidé par une des bordures de la piste ou par tout autre moyen approprié, l'appareil positionne l'outil à des distances régulières et l'oriente de manière à poser les joints actifs régulièrement et à obtenir ainsi, selon le cas, une ligne continu de joints actifs ou une suite de joints actifs parallèles entre eux et perpendiculaires à l'axe de la piste, ou les deux, ligne continue et suite, à la fois. Outre, une plus grande régularité de la pose, on obtient par cela aussi une meilleure qualité du travail suite à la suppression des tâches manuelles de prémarquage de la position des joints et grâce à l'assistance des tâches répétitives et fastidieuses telles que, par exemple, l'abaissement et le relèvement de l'outil, basculement de l'outil, temps et profondeur de fonçage, et temps de vibration pour fermeture du sillon.In this case, the insertion device is integrated into the suite of different machines used for construction of the track. Guided by one of the edges of the track or by any other suitable means, the device positions the tool at regular distances and orient it so as to lay the joints active regularly and thus obtain, as the case may be, a line continuous active joints or a series of parallel active joints between them and perpendicular to the axis of the runway, or both, continuous line and following, both. Besides, greater regularity of the installation, we also get better quality of work following the elimination of manual tasks for pre-marking the position of the seals and thanks to assistance with repetitive and tedious tasks such as, for example, lowering and raising the tool, tool tilt, sinking time and depth, and vibration time for closing the groove.

De même, cet appareil peut consister en un véhicule comprenant un bras hydraulique et un outil tel que défini plus haut. Plus particulièrement, un tel véhicule est alors un engin dédié dont le bras hydraulique est apte à porter une telle mécanique et dont les organes de commande sont utilisés pour manipuler l'outil selon l'invention.Similarly, this device may consist of a vehicle comprising a hydraulic arm and a tool as defined more high. More particularly, such a vehicle is then a machine dedicated whose hydraulic arm is capable of carrying such mechanical and whose control elements are used to handle the tool according to the invention.

L'invention concerne par ailleurs un procédé d'insertion d'un joint actif dans une structure, avec ouverture d'un sillon destiné à recevoir le joint actif, par vibro-fonçage. Ce procédé comprend les étapes de positionner un outil tel que décrit plus haut, sur la structure, enfoncer la lame de l'outil dans la structure par vibration, remonter la lame, basculer l'outil, insérer un joint actif dans le sillon ouvert, descendre le râteau de l'outil pour l'enfoncer dans la structure, fermer le sillon par vibration en remontant l'outil.The invention further relates to a method insertion of an active joint into a structure, with opening a groove intended to receive the active joint, by vibro-sinking. This process includes the steps of positioning a tool such as described above, on the structure, push the blade the tool in the structure by vibration, reassemble the blade, tilt the tool, insert an active seal in the open groove, lower the rake of the tool to push it into the structure, close the groove by vibration while raising the tool.

Selon une mise en oeuvre principale du procédé, un véhicule muni d'un dispositif selon l'invention circule dans l'axe ou le long d'une chaussée afin de poser une ligne de joints actifs ou une suite de joints actifs disposés perpendiculairement à l'axe de la chaussée.According to a main implementation of the method, a vehicle fitted with a device according to the invention runs in the axis or along a roadway in order to lay a line of active joints or a series of active joints arranged perpendicular to the axis of the road.

Avantageusement le joint actif est saisi par une pince hydraulique faisant partie de l'outil du dispositif et est maintenu jusqu'à son introduction dans le sillon. Dans ce cas, l'outil maintenant le joint actif est descendu de manière à enfoncer les tiges du râteau dans la chaussée, de part et d'autre du sillon. Ensuite la pince hydraulique est ouverte et l'outil est remonté lentement en actionnant les tiges en vibration selon une composante essentiellement horizontale.Advantageously, the active seal is gripped by a clamp hydraulic part of the device tool and is maintained until its introduction into the furrow. In that case, the tool now the active seal is lowered so that drive the rake stems into the road, on both sides on the other side of the groove. Then the hydraulic clamp is opened and the tool is slowly raised by actuating the rods vibration according to an essentially horizontal component.

Le procédé de l'invention peut être appliqué pour l'insertion d'un joint actif dans toutes sortes de matériaux d'assises tels que par exemple béton compacté, graves et sables traités aux liants hydrauliques, sols et sous produits industriels traités aux liants hydrauliques. Dans ces cas, on dispose d'une durée de travail de l'ordre de deux à trois heures selon la maniabilité du matériau.The method of the invention can be applied for the insertion of an active joint in all kinds of materials foundations such as for example compacted concrete, gravel and sands treated with hydraulic binders, soils and by-products manufacturers treated with hydraulic binders. In these cases, has a working time of the order of two to three hours depending on the workability of the material.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention ressortiront de la description d'un exemple de réalisation faite en référence aux dessins. Dans ces dessins:

  • La Figure 1 montre un dispositif selon l'invention dans sa position de travail pour une ouverture d'un sillon.
  • La Figure 2 montre un outil selon l'invention dans sa position de travail pour la fermeture d'un sillon, et
  • La Figure 3 montre le dispositif de la Figure 1 dans une vue de face.
    • Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will emerge from the description of an exemplary embodiment made with reference to the drawings. In these drawings:
  • Figure 1 shows a device according to the invention in its working position for opening a groove.
  • FIG. 2 shows a tool according to the invention in its working position for closing a groove, and
  • Figure 3 shows the device of Figure 1 in a front view.

    • La description qui suit d'un exemple de réalisation d'un dispositif selon l'invention est faite dans l'hypothèse où le joint actif doit être inséré dans un sol sensiblement horizontal. Toutefois, l'invention est également applicable pour l'insertion d'un joint actif dans un sol incliné.The following description of an exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention is made in the event that the active joint must be inserted in a ground appreciably horizontal. However, the invention is also applicable for the insertion of an active joint in an inclined floor.

    De même, la description qui suit est faite dans l'hypothèse que le joint actif est inséré verticalement dans un sol. Toutefois, l'invention est également applicable à une insertion d'un joint actif dans un plan différent d'un plan vertical et, de manière générale, sous un angle différent de l'angle droit par rapport au sol.Similarly, the following description is made in the assumption that the active joint is inserted vertically in a ground. However, the invention is also applicable to a insertion of an active joint in a plane different from a plane vertical and, generally speaking, at an angle different from the right angle to the ground.

    Le dispositif d'insertion d'un joint actif dans un sol selon l'invention comprend un outil 1 monté pivotant autour d'un axe H sur un étrier 2. L'outil 1 est muni d'une lame 3 et d'une pluralité de tiges 4 formant un râteau 5.The device for inserting an active joint into a soil according to the invention comprises a tool 1 pivotally mounted around an H axis on a stirrup 2. The tool 1 is provided with a blade 3 and a plurality of rods 4 forming a rake 5.

    La lame 3 a une section transversale sensiblement triangulaire et plus particulièrement en forme d'un triangle isocèle symétrique par rapport à un plan s'étendant dans une première direction A. Cette première direction A est la direction d'enfoncement de l'outil dans le sol lors de l'ouverture d'un sillon. La lame 3 a une hauteur, mesurée dans la direction A, de l'ordre de 30 cm à 40 cm et une largeur de base de 5 cm environ. Le tranchant de la lame, correspondant à la pointe de triangle de sa section transversale, a une largeur de l'ordre de 1 cm.The blade 3 has a cross section substantially triangular and more particularly in the shape of a triangle isosceles symmetrical with respect to a plane extending in a first direction A. This first direction A is the direction of tool insertion into the ground when the opening of a furrow. Blade 3 has a height, measured in direction A, on the order of 30 cm to 40 cm and a base width of about 5 cm. The edge of the blade, corresponding to the triangle tip of its section transverse, has a width of the order of 1 cm.

    La lame 3 a une longueur de l'ordre de 3 m. Des lames ayant une longueur supérieure à 3 m, plus particulièrement de 5 m, sont formées avec des raidisseurs.The blade 3 has a length of the order of 3 m. of the blades longer than 3 m, more particularly 5 m, are formed with stiffeners.

    Les tiges 4 sont disposées en deux rangées et solidaires d'un support 6 formant ainsi un râteau monté amovible sur l'outil 1.The rods 4 are arranged in two rows and integral with a support 6 thus forming a rake mounted removable on tool 1.

    Les deux rangées de tiges 4 sont disposées symétriquement et parallèles entre elles par rapport à un plan de symétrie s'étendant dans une deuxième direction B perpendiculaire à la première direction A. La deuxième direction B est la direction d'enfoncement des tiges dans le sol au vu de la fermeture du sillon, après insertion d'un joint actif, par vibro-décompactage.The two rows of rods 4 are arranged symmetrically and parallel to each other with respect to a plane of symmetry extending in a second direction B perpendicular to the first direction A. The second direction B is the direction in which the rods are driven into the ground in view of the closing of the groove, after insertion of a joint active, by vibro-decompaction.

    L'outil d'insertion 1 comprend également un vibro-fonceur 7 qui génère des vibrations qui permettent d'actionner la lame et les tiges dans une gamme de fréquences comprise entre 2000 Hz et 4000 Hz et avec une amplitude allant de 5 à 15 mm.The insertion tool 1 also includes a vibrator 7 which generates vibrations which make it possible to actuate blade and rods in a frequency range included between 2000 Hz and 4000 Hz and with an amplitude ranging from 5 to 15 mm.

    L'étrier 2 est relié à un bras hydraulique 16 servant comme porte-outil moyennant un élément rotateur 8. L'étrier 2 est attaché à l'élément rotateur 8 par un vérin de relevage 9 et éventuellement par deux biellettes 10, 11. Le vérin 9 est utilisé lors de l'enfoncement dans le sol et la remontée de l'outil, alors que le bras hydraulique est principalement utilisé pour le positionnement de l'outil ou du dispositif comportant l'outil.The stirrup 2 is connected to a hydraulic arm 16 serving as a tool holder by means of a rotator element 8. The bracket 2 is attached to the rotator element 8 by a lifting cylinder 9 and optionally by two links 10, 11. The jack 9 is used when sinking into the ground and raising the implement, while the hydraulic arm is mainly used for positioning the tool or device comprising the tool.

    L'élément rotateur 8 permet d'orienter le vibro-fonceur 7 suivant un angle quelconque autour d'un axe V sensiblement vertical.The rotator element 8 makes it possible to orient the vibrator 7 at any angle around an axis V substantially vertical.

    Le basculement de l'outil 1 autour de l'axe horizontal H pour mettre alternativement la lame 3 ou le râteau 5 dans une position verticale, peut être effectué à la main. Toutefois, le dispositif d'insertion représenté sur les dessins comprend un vérin de basculement 12 attaché par l'une de ses extrémités à l'étrier 2 et par l'autre de ses extrémités au vibro-fonceur 7. Cette disposition permet de basculer l'outil 1 par un pivotement de 90° autour de l'axe de basculement H pour le fixer dans l'une ou l'autre de deux positions prédéfinies. Toutefois, il est concevable que l'outil 1 puisse être positionné, soit à la main, soit par le vérin de basculement 12, dans toute position autre que la position verticale ou la position horizontale.The tilting of tool 1 around the horizontal axis H to alternately put the blade 3 or the rake 5 in a vertical position, can be done by hand. However, the insertion device shown in the drawings comprises a tilting cylinder 12 attached by one of its ends at stirrup 2 and by the other of its ends at vibro-digger 7. This arrangement makes it possible to tilt the tool 1 by a 90 ° pivot around the tilting axis H to fix it in either of two positions predefined. However, it is conceivable that tool 1 could be positioned, either by hand or by the actuator tilting 12, in any position other than the position vertical or horizontal position.

    L'outil 1 comporte, en outre, des pinces hydrauliques 14 disposées symétriquement entre les deux rangées de tiges 4. Les pinces hydrauliques permettent de retenir un joint actif 15 pendant le basculement et la descente du râteau 5. Tool 1 also includes hydraulic clamps 14 arranged symmetrically between the two rows of rods 4. Hydraulic clamps allow to retain an active joint 15 during tilting and lowering of the rake 5.

    Le vibro-fonceur 7 et l'étrier 2 peuvent être munis d'un système de blocage permettant de bloquer le vibro-fonceur 7 notamment dans les positions horizontale et verticale. De plus, l'outil 1 peut être muni d'un système d'attache rapide permettant une fixation amovible du vibro-fonceur 7 à l'étrier 2.Vibrator 7 and stirrup 2 can be fitted with a blocking system for blocking the vibrator 7 especially in the horizontal and vertical positions. Of plus, tool 1 can be fitted with a quick coupler system allowing a removable attachment of the vibrator 7 to the stirrup 2.

    L'outil et le dispositif d'insertion comportant un tel outil requièrent seulement deux fonctions hydrauliques. L'une gère successivement la rotation autour de l'axe vertical V, lors du basculement autour de l'axe horizontal H et les vibrations. Ces fonctions ne sont jamais simultanées.The tool and the insertion device comprising such a tools require only two hydraulic functions. Moon successively manages the rotation around the vertical axis V, when tilting around the horizontal axis H and the vibration. These functions are never simultaneous.

    La deuxième fonction hydraulique gère les pinces hydrauliques pour maintenir le joint actif.The second hydraulic function manages the grippers hydraulic to keep the seal active.

    Par ailleurs, toutes les fonctions hydrauliques assistées sont débrayables et peuvent être gérées directement par le manipulateur. En cas de non fonctionnement des automatismes, la machine reste opérationnelle, avec commande manuelle.In addition, all hydraulic functions assisted are disengageable and can be managed directly by the manipulator. In case of no operation of the automated systems, the machine remains operational, with manual control.

    Le joint actif est avantageusement fait en PVC en 6/10ème de mm. Il est fait en continu et découpé à des longueurs voulues, de préférence à des longueurs par exemple de 2 m et de 3 m. Toutefois, d'autres dimensions et matériaux sont également possibles.The active joint is advantageously made of PVC in 6 / 10th of a mm. It is made continuously and cut to desired lengths, preferably lengths per example of 2 m and 3 m. However, other dimensions and materials are also possible.

    L'utilisation d'un dispositif d'insertion ou d'un outil selon l'invention est la suivante, montrée pour une chaussée à deux voies d'une largeur comprise entre 7 et 8 m:

    • positionnement du porte-outil ou bras hydraulique dans l'axe de la chaussée (translation par exemple de 2 m par rapport à sa position précédente),
    • positionnement de l'outil,
    • descente de l'outil au contact du sol,
    • ouverture d'un sillon par vibro-fonçage,
    • remontée de l'outil,
    • insertion du joint dans les pinces hydrauliques
    • basculement de l'outil,
    • descente de l'outil,
    • pose du joint dans le sillon,
    • fermeture du sillon par vibration,
    • remontée de l'outil,
    • retour de l'outil en positionnement initial.
    The use of an insertion device or a tool according to the invention is as follows, shown for a two-lane carriageway with a width of between 7 and 8 m:
    • positioning of the tool holder or hydraulic arm in the axis of the roadway (translation, for example 2 m from its previous position),
    • tool positioning,
    • lowering the tool in contact with the ground,
    • opening of a groove by vibro-sinking,
    • tool ascent,
    • insertion of the seal in the hydraulic clamps
    • tool tilting,
    • lowering the tool,
    • fitting the seal in the groove,
    • closing the groove by vibration,
    • tool ascent,
    • return of the tool to initial positioning.

    Les signes de référence insérés après les caractéristiques techniques mentionnées dans les revendications, ont pour seul but de faciliter la compréhension de ces dernières, et n'en limitent aucunement la portée.The reference signs inserted after the characteristics techniques mentioned in the claims have for the sole purpose of facilitating the understanding of these, and in no way limit its scope.

    Claims (11)

    1. A device for inserting an active joint in a structure, comprising a tool (1) carrying a blade (3) intended for forming a groove for the introduction of the active joint (15), characterised in that the tool (1) comprises a vibration pile driver (7) carrying the blade (3) extending in a first direction (A) and used for forming the groove by pile driving along the first direction (A), whereas the said vibration pile driver (7) also carries a series of rods (4) arranged along a plane (B) perpendicular to the orientation (A) of the blade and substantially parallel to each other, and forming a rake (5), and whereby the said vibration pile driver (7) is capable of actuating the blade (3), in order to form the groove, by vibrating along a main component parallel to the first direction (A) and of actuating the rake (5), to close the groove after introduction of the active joint (15), by vibrating along a main component transverse to the plane (B) of the rods (4), whereas the tool (1) is mounted to pivot in order to orient alternately the blade (3) or the rake (5) substantially perpendicular to the surface of the structure.
    2. A device according to claim 1, characterised in that the vibration pile driver (7) comprises pick-up means (14) enabling introduction of the active joint (15) in the groove.
    3. A device according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the tool (4) comprises a fastening stirrup (2) in which the vibration pile driver (7) is mounted to pivot around an axis (H) substantially parallel in working position.
    4. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that it comprises a tool carrier (16) to which the tool is fixed by means of a rotary element (8) enabling to orient the tool around an axis (V) substantially vertical in working position.
    5. A device according to claim 4, characterised in that the stirrup (2) is fixed to the rotary element (8) by means of a lifting jack (9) and possibly rocker bars (10, 11).
    6. A device according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterised in that the tool (1) comprises a tipping jack (12) mounted respectively on the stirrup (2) and the vibration pile driver (7) and intended to tip the vibration pile driver (7) in order to bring the blade (3) or the rods (4) in the working position.
    7. A device according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterised in that the rods (4) of the rake (5) are arranged in at least two rows and in that the pick-up means comprises hydraulic clamps (14) intended for seizing the active joint (15) and for maintaining the said joint until introduction in the groove, and provided inside the rows of rods and substantially parallel to the said rods.
    8. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the blade (3) is mounted removable on the vibration pile driver (7).
    9. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the rake (5) comprises a rest (6) mounted removable on the vibration pile driver.
    10. An apparatus for inserting an active joint in a structure, comprising a hydraulic arm (16) characterised in that it comprises a device according to any one of claims 1 to10, whereas the hydraulic arm (16) is used as a tool-carrier.
    11. A method for inserting an active joint in a structure by opening a groove, in order to receive the active joint, by a vibration pile driving process, comprising the following steps:
      positioning a tool (1) comprising a vibration pile driver (7) that carries a blade (3) extending in a first direction (A) and used for forming the groove by pile driving along the first direction (A), whereas the said vibration pile driver (7) also carries a series of rods (4) substantially parallel to one another, arranged in a plane (B) perpendicular to that (A) of the blade (3) and forming a rake (5), and the said vibration pile driver (7) actuates the blade (3), to form the groove, by vibrating along a main component parallel to the first direction (A) and actuating the rake (5) to close the groove after introduction of the active joint (15), by vibrating along a main component transverse to the plane (B) of the rods (4), whereas the tool (1) is mounted to pivot in order to orient alternately the blade (3) or the rake (5) substantially perpendicular to the ground,
      sinking the blade in the structure by vibration,
      bringing the blade back up,
      tipping the tool,
      inserting the active joint in the open groove,
      lowering the rake,
      closing the groove by vibration,
      bringing the tool back up.
    EP97400142A 1996-02-16 1997-01-22 Device for inserting an active joint in a structure, apparatus and process therefor Expired - Lifetime EP0790354B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    FR9601972 1996-02-16
    FR9601972A FR2745019B1 (en) 1996-02-16 1996-02-16 DEVICE FOR INSERTING AN ACTIVE SEAL IN A CORRESPONDING STRUCTURE, APPARATUS AND METHOD

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0790354A1 EP0790354A1 (en) 1997-08-20
    EP0790354B1 true EP0790354B1 (en) 2002-04-03

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    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP97400142A Expired - Lifetime EP0790354B1 (en) 1996-02-16 1997-01-22 Device for inserting an active joint in a structure, apparatus and process therefor

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    Country Link
    EP (1) EP0790354B1 (en)
    AT (1) ATE215641T1 (en)
    FR (1) FR2745019B1 (en)
    HU (1) HU219518B (en)
    RO (1) RO116913B1 (en)

    Families Citing this family (1)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    DE102015102268B4 (en) * 2015-02-18 2023-06-29 R-ways GmbH Ingenieurgesellschaft für Flughafenplanung Method for creating predetermined breaking points in concrete layers of roads and paths, arrangement for introducing release agents into a concrete layer

    Family Cites Families (6)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    BE757306A (en) * 1969-10-25 1971-03-16 Voegele Ag J METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PLACING JOINT PLATES IN JOINTS OF CONCRETE PAVEMENT COATINGS
    FR2547330B1 (en) * 1983-06-09 1986-04-11 Setec Geotechnique METHOD FOR PROVIDING ACTIVE JOINTS WHEN MAKING A TRAFFIC LANE, PANELS FOR MAKING SUCH JOINTS, AND APPARATUS FOR POSITIONING THE PANELS
    FR2581687B3 (en) 1985-05-07 1987-09-18 Viafrance Sa MACHINE FOR PRODUCING WITHDRAWAL JOINTS IN COMPACT CONCRETE SLABS
    FR2601977B1 (en) * 1986-07-22 1988-11-18 Setec Geotechnique DEVICE FOR INCORPORATING ACTIVE JOINTS WHEN MAKING A TRAFFIC LANE.
    FR2609480B1 (en) 1987-01-12 1991-05-10 France Etat Ponts Chaussees PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR PRE-CRACKING OF HYDRAULIC BINDER TREATED SURFACES
    FR2687699B1 (en) 1992-02-21 1995-10-27 Viafrance Sa DEVICE FOR PREFISSURING MATERIALS WITH COMPACT HYDRAULIC BINDERS.

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    FR2745019A1 (en) 1997-08-22
    HU219518B (en) 2001-04-28
    HU9700447D0 (en) 1997-04-28
    FR2745019B1 (en) 1998-05-07
    RO116913B1 (en) 2001-07-30
    HUP9700447A1 (en) 1998-01-28
    EP0790354A1 (en) 1997-08-20
    ATE215641T1 (en) 2002-04-15

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