EP0790168B1 - Configuration of a vehicle body - Google Patents
Configuration of a vehicle body Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0790168B1 EP0790168B1 EP96118731A EP96118731A EP0790168B1 EP 0790168 B1 EP0790168 B1 EP 0790168B1 EP 96118731 A EP96118731 A EP 96118731A EP 96118731 A EP96118731 A EP 96118731A EP 0790168 B1 EP0790168 B1 EP 0790168B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- vehicle body
- walls
- profiles
- configuration
- chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D17/00—Construction details of vehicle bodies
- B61D17/04—Construction details of vehicle bodies with bodies of metal; with composite, e.g. metal and wood body structures
- B61D17/041—Construction details of vehicle bodies with bodies of metal; with composite, e.g. metal and wood body structures with bodies characterised by use of light metal, e.g. aluminium
Definitions
- the invention relates to a body structure according to the preamble of claim 1 consisting of side walls 1, 2, roof and floor elements 4, 5 and upper and lower chords 6, 7 and 8, 9, which are designed as hollow chamber profiles.
- a body structure consisting of side walls 1, 2, roof and floor elements 4, 5 and upper and lower chords 6, 7 and 8, 9, which are designed as hollow chamber profiles.
- From the literature Alfter, Meyer, Sander "The diesel light train Regio Sprinter in low-floor construction for regional transport", ZEV and DET Glasers Annalen 1995 No. 9/10 September / October page 372 - 381) are known aluminum hollow profiles for floor plates of rail vehicles, their cross section are not arranged in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle (x-axis) as usual, but perpendicular to it.
- the profiles used for the known multiple unit for side walls and roofs are - as usual - in the vehicle's longitudinal direction (x-axis) arranged. This is because the Main stress on the side walls from a shear stress exists, which overlaps a transverse bend due to the subsidence is.
- the profiles have therefore because of their Cavities of interrupted shear flow a reduced bending stiffness perpendicular to their direction of manufacture. This means with extruded profiles that they usually with - in Cross section seen - triangular spacers or webs used with longitudinal walls in the longitudinal direction become. However, this is disadvantageous for manufacturing reasons and expensive.
- the object of the present invention is therefore the body structure to improve in a conventional way so that the Stiffness but also the weight is optimized.
- the hollow roof profiles arranged transversely to the direction of travel contribute to a reduction in ovalization as they have increased rigidity in the direction of bending.
- the one through the Measures achievable weight advantage is approximately 30% in comparison to conventional car bodies.
- the new car body profiles are manufactured in sections, so that there is always a firm bond in each car body section is present. To increase the elasticity between the Sections will jump back into the connecting zone to the next Section arranged.
- the brought here into the recess Welds are not only optically more favorable but also are fixed to the neighboring structures from three sides connected. On the fourth side there can be an elastic seal be made.
- Figure 3 shows further sections of an inventive Body structure.
- 3a is a wall element in cross section recognizable from above, the profile walls 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, le run perpendicular to the direction of travel x (across the image plane).
- two support profiles 10, 11, 12 can be seen, which are arranged laterally from the profile walls 1a - 1e.
- the Support profiles 10, 11, 12 are T-shaped in cross section formed, the upper T-profile section 12a flat to The outer skin of the car body runs.
- the roof and foot area 11a, 11b of the support profile 11 is in recesses of the top and Lower straps 6a, 8a inserted.
- Figure 3c shows the transverse view of a support profile 12, the its roof and foot area 12a, 12b in corresponding recesses the upper and lower chord 6, 8 is inserted.
- the joining can be achieved using common joining techniques such as welding, gluing, Screws or the like can be performed.
- FIG. 4 and 5 show enlarged sections of the chamber profiles 24, 25, 26.
- Lugs 30, 31 are arranged in the connection areas 24a, 25a, 26a. These are shown in an enlarged form in FIG. 5, where they represent an extension of the upper and lower boundary surfaces 22, 23 of the chamber profile 24.
- the lugs are set back uz by the distance x 1 , x 2 from the upper and lower boundary surfaces 22, 23.
- the distance x 1 , x 2 is between 5 and 15 mm, which on the one hand affects the rigidity of the connection and on the other hand the optical effect of the boundary surfaces 22, 23 or the subsequent profiles.
- FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 show different variants of the invention Chamber profiles shown.
- Figure 7 shows a closed chamber profile consisting of four profile walls 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d.
- Figure 8 shows the cross section of a chamber profile with infills 35, which consist of inclined webs.
- FIG. 9 shows an open chamber profile as a further variant T-shaped profiles 36a, 36b, 36c.
- the lugs 37, 38 are indicated at the junctions to the neighboring profiles.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
- Finger-Pressure Massage (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wagenkastenaufbau entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Anspruch 1 bestehend aus
Seitenwänden 1, 2, Dach- und Bodenelementen 4, 5 sowie aus Ober-
und Untergurten 6, 7 und 8, 9, die als Hohlkammerprofile ausgebildet
sind.
Aus der Literatur (Alfter, Meyer, Sander "Der Dieselleichttriebzug
Regio Sprinter in Niederflurbauweise für den Regionalverkehr",
ZEV und DET Glasers Annalen 1995 Nr. 9/10 September/Oktober
Seite 372 - 381) sind Aluminiumhohlprofile für Bodenplatten
von Schienenfahrzeugen bekannt, deren Querschnitt nicht wie
üblich in Fahrzeuglängsrichtung (x-Achse) sondern senkrecht dazu
angeordnet sind.The invention relates to a body structure according to the preamble of claim 1 consisting of
From the literature (Alfter, Meyer, Sander "The diesel light train Regio Sprinter in low-floor construction for regional transport", ZEV and DET Glasers Annalen 1995 No. 9/10 September / October page 372 - 381) are known aluminum hollow profiles for floor plates of rail vehicles, their cross section are not arranged in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle (x-axis) as usual, but perpendicular to it.
Die bei dem bekannten Triebzug eingesetzen Profile für Seitenwände und Dächer werden jedoch - wie üblich - in Fahrzeuglängsrichtung (x-Achse) angeordnet. Dieses rührt daher, daß die Hauptbeanspruchung der Seitenwände aus einer Schubbeanspruchung besteht, der eine Querbiegung aufgrund der Bodenabsenkung überlagert ist. Die Profile haben deshalb aufgrund des durch ihre Hohlräume unterbrochenen Schubflusses eine verminderte Biegesteifigkeit senkrecht zu ihrer Herstellungsrichtung. Dieses bedeutet bei Strangpreßprofilen, daß sie üblicherweise mit - im Querschnitt gesehen - dreieckförmigen Abstandshaltern bzw. Stegen bei längsverlaufenden Wänden in Längsrichtung eingesetzt werden. Dies ist aber aus fertigungstechnischen Gründen nachteilig und kostenaufwendig.The profiles used for the known multiple unit for side walls and roofs are - as usual - in the vehicle's longitudinal direction (x-axis) arranged. This is because the Main stress on the side walls from a shear stress exists, which overlaps a transverse bend due to the subsidence is. The profiles have therefore because of their Cavities of interrupted shear flow a reduced bending stiffness perpendicular to their direction of manufacture. This means with extruded profiles that they usually with - in Cross section seen - triangular spacers or webs used with longitudinal walls in the longitudinal direction become. However, this is disadvantageous for manufacturing reasons and expensive.
Die Nachteile werden zwar durch den Einsatz von gitterartigen Strukturen zu vermindern versucht. Dies führt jedoch zu einem erheblichen Mehrgewicht durch die größere Länge der innenliegenden Stege gegenüber senkrecht zur Außenhaut verlaufenden Stegen.The disadvantages are indeed due to the use of grid-like Tried to reduce structures. However, this leads to one considerable additional weight due to the greater length of the inner Crossbars opposite crossbars running perpendicular to the outer skin.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, den Wagenkastenaufbau nach herrkömmlicher Art derart zu verbessern, daß die Steifigkeit aber auch das Gewicht optimiert wird.The object of the present invention is therefore the body structure to improve in a conventional way so that the Stiffness but also the weight is optimized.
Dies erfolgt erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 dadurch, daß die Hohlkammern der Seitenwände und der Dach- und Bodenelemente quer zur Fahrtrichtung des Wagenkastens angeordnet sind, während die Ober- und Untergurte in Fahrtrichtung verlaufen.This is done according to the invention by the characterizing features of claim 1 in that the hollow chambers of the Side walls and the roof and floor elements transverse to the direction of travel of the car body are arranged, while the upper and Lower belts run in the direction of travel.
Durch die besondere Anbindung der verschieden angeordneten und ausgerichteten Hohlkammern wird eine netzartige Struktur erzeugt, die besonders stabil gegenüber Querkräften und Biegemomenten ist.Due to the special connection of the differently arranged and aligned hollow chambers, a net-like structure is created, which are particularly stable against transverse forces and bending moments is.
Es hat sich gezeigt, daß durch eine senkrechte Anordnung der Hohlprofilplatten und durch den kontinuierlichen Schubfluß in den senkrecht zur Biegeachse verlaufenden Stegen eine geringere Ovalisierung des Querschnittes hervorgerufen wird. Dadurch kann die Durchsenkung der Wagenmitte vermindert werden und kann im Vergleich zu einer herkömmlichen Anordnung der Hohlplatten um 50 % reduzierten Plattendecke zurückgegriffen werden.It has been shown that the vertical arrangement of the Hollow profile plates and through the continuous shear flow in the bars perpendicular to the bending axis are less Ovalization of the cross section is caused. This can the lowering of the middle of the car can be reduced and Compared to a conventional arrangement of the hollow panels around 50 % reduced slab ceiling can be used.
Auch die quer zur Fahrtrichtung angeordneten Dachhohlprofile tragen zu einer Minderung der Ovalisierung bei, da sie eine erhöhte Steifigkeit in Biegerichtung besitzen. Der durch die Maßnahmen erzielbare Gewichtsvorteil beträgt ca. 30 % im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Wagenkastenaufbauten.Also the hollow roof profiles arranged transversely to the direction of travel contribute to a reduction in ovalization as they have increased rigidity in the direction of bending. The one through the Measures achievable weight advantage is approximately 30% in comparison to conventional car bodies.
Die Fertigung der neuen Wagenkastenprofile erfolgt sektionsweise, so daß immer ein fester Verbund in jedem Wagenkastenabschnitt vorliegt. Zur Erhöhung der Elastizität zwischen den Sektionen wird ein Rücksprung in der Verbindungszone zur nächsten Sektion angeordnet. Die hierbei in die Vertiefung eingebrachten Schweißnähte liegen nicht nur optisch günstiger sondern sind von jeweils drei Seiten aus fest mit den Nachbarstrukturen verbunden. Zur vierten Seite hin kann eine elastische Abdichtung vorgenommen werden.The new car body profiles are manufactured in sections, so that there is always a firm bond in each car body section is present. To increase the elasticity between the Sections will jump back into the connecting zone to the next Section arranged. The brought here into the recess Welds are not only optically more favorable but also are fixed to the neighboring structures from three sides connected. On the fourth side there can be an elastic seal be made.
Neben der Anwendung von Schweißverbindungen sind auch nichtstoffflüsige Verbindungen, beispielsweise die Klips- oder Rohraufdornverbindung einsetzbar. Hierdurch kann an weniger belasteten Stellen der Fertigungskostenanteil erheblich reduziert werden.In addition to the use of welded joints, there are also non-liquid ones Connections, for example the clip or pipe mandrel connection applicable. This can result in less stress Make the manufacturing cost share significantly reduced.
Selbstverständlich können auch übliche Schweißnahtvorbereitungen, Schweißbadstützen oder andere bekannte Maßnahmen zur Durchführung von Stumpfschweißnähten eingesetzt werden. Die Vertiefung bzw. Zurückverlegung der Verbindungszone hat daher statische und dynamische Festigkeitsvorteile.Of course, usual weld preparation, Weld pool supports or other known measures for implementation of butt welds are used. The deepening or moving the connection zone back has static and dynamic strength advantages.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand mehrerer Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- Perspektivische Ansicht einer ersten Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Wagenkastenaufbaus;
- Fig. 2
- Perspektivische Ansicht einer zweiten Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Wagenkastenaufbaus;
- Fig. 3
- Seitenansicht entsprechend
Figur 2 mit zusätzlichen Querschnitten
eines Seitenwandabschnittes (Figur 3a),
eines Stützprofils (Figur 3b) und
Längsschnitt durch ein Stützprofil (Figur 3c); - Fig. 4
- Detailauschnitt aus einer Seitenwand des erfindungsgemäßen Wagenkastenaufbaus;
- Fig. 5
- Vergrößerung eines Anschlußteils nach Figur 4
- Fig. 6
- Alternative Ausführung eines Anschlußteils;
- Fig. 7, 8, 9
- Verschiedene Querschnitte durch erfindungsgemäße Profilwände.
- Fig. 1
- Perspective view of a first variant of the body structure according to the invention;
- Fig. 2
- Perspective view of a second variant of the body structure according to the invention;
- Fig. 3
- Side view corresponding to Figure 2 with additional cross sections
a side wall section (FIG. 3a),
a support profile (Figure 3b) and
Longitudinal section through a support profile (Figure 3c); - Fig. 4
- Detail section from a side wall of the body structure according to the invention;
- Fig. 5
- Enlargement of a connection part according to FIG. 4
- Fig. 6
- Alternative execution of a connecting part;
- 7, 8, 9
- Different cross sections through profile walls according to the invention.
In Figur 1 sind die Seitenwände 1, 2 sowie die Dach- und Bodenelemente
4, 5 perspektivisch dargestellt. An den teilweise geschnittenen
Seitenflächen erkennt man, daß die Profilwände 1a,
2a, 4a, 5a quer zur Fahrtrichtung x des Wagenkastenaufbaus angeordnet
sind.In Figure 1, the
Aus der Ansicht nach Figur 2 ist zusätzlich zu erkennen, daß die
Profilwände 6a, 8a der Ober- und Untergurte 6, 8 in Fahrtrichtung
x des Wagenkastenaufbaus verlaufen. Diese Anordnung aus
quer und parallel zu der x-Richtung verlaufenden Profilwände ist
kennzeichnend für die Erfindung und sorgt für eine steife, gewichtsleichte
Struktur des Wagenkastenaufbaus.From the view of Figure 2 can also be seen that the
Figur 3 zeigt weitere Ausschnitte aus einem erfindungsgemäßen
Wagenkastenaufbau. So ist aus Figur 3a ein Wandelement im Querschnitt
von oben zu erkennen, wobei die Profilwände 1a, 1b, 1c,
1d, le senkrecht zur Fahrtrichtung x (quer zur Bildebene) verlaufen.
Ferner sind zwei Stützprofile 10, 11, 12 zu erkennen,
die seitlich von den Profilwänden 1a - 1e angeordnet sind. Die
Stützprofile 10, 11, 12 sind im Querschnitt gesehen T-förmig
ausgebildet, wobei der obere T-Profilabschnitt 12a plan zur
Außenhaut des Wagenkastens verläuft. Der Dach- und Fußbereich
11a, 11b des Stützprofils 11 ist in Aussparungen der Ober- und
Untergurte 6a, 8a eingefügt.Figure 3 shows further sections of an inventive
Body structure. 3a is a wall element in cross section
recognizable from above, the
Figur 3c zeigt die Queransicht eines Stützprofils 12, das mit
seinem Dach- und Fußbereich 12a, 12b in entsprechenden Aussparungen
des Ober- und Untergurtes 6, 8 eingefügt ist. Das Fügen
kann durch übliche Verbindungstechniken wie Schweißen, Kleben,
Schrauben oder dergleichen durchgeführt werden. Figure 3c shows the transverse view of a
In Figuren 4 und 5 sind Ausschnittsvergrößerungen der Kammerprofile
24, 25, 26 zu erkennen. In den Anschlußbereichen 24a,
25a, 26a sind Anschlußnasen 30, 31 angeordnet. Diese sind in
Figur 5 in vergrößerter Form dargestellt, wobei sie eine Verlängerung
der oberen und unteren Begrenzungsfläche 22, 23 des
Kammerprofils 24 darstellen. Die Nasen sind aber zurückversetzt
u. z. um den Abstand x1, x2 von der oberen und unteren Begrenzungsfläche
22, 23 aus gesehen. Bei üblichen Kammerprofilen hat
es sich als günstig erwiesen, daß der Abstand x1, x2 zwischen 5
und 15 mm beträgt, wodurch einerseits die Steifigkeit der Verbindung
und andererseits die optische Wirkung der Begrenzungsflächen
22, 23 bzw. der anschließenden Profile günstig beeinflußt
wird.4 and 5 show enlarged sections of the chamber profiles 24, 25, 26.
In Figur 6 ist eine besonders zweckmäßige Ausbildung der Anschlußnasen
in Form von abgeschrägten Schweißbadstützen 32, 33
dargestellt. Auch hier befindet sich eine Vertiefung 32a in den
Profilwänden, in die hinein eine Schweißnaht gelegt werden kann.
Nach außen hin erscheint der optische Eindruck als ebene Fläche,
die nicht zusätzlich bearbeitet werden muß.In Figure 6 is a particularly useful training of the lugs
in the form of slanted weld pool supports 32, 33
shown. Here, too, there is a
In den Figuren 7, 8 und 9 sind verschiedene Varianten der erfindungsgemäßen
Kammerprofile dargestellt. So zeigt Figur 7 ein
geschlossenes Kammerprofil bestehend aus vier Profilwänden 34a,
34b, 34c, 34d.FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 show different variants of the invention
Chamber profiles shown. Figure 7 shows a
closed chamber profile consisting of four
Figur 8 zeigt den Querschnitt eines Kammerprofils mit Ausfachungen
35, die aus schräggestellten Stegen bestehen.Figure 8 shows the cross section of a chamber profile with
Figur 9 zeigt als weitere Variante ein offenes Kammerprofil mit
T-förmigen Profilen 36a, 36b, 36c. Die Anschlußnasen 37, 38 sind
an den Verbindungsstellen zu den Nachbarprofilen hin angedeutet.FIG. 9 shows an open chamber profile as a further variant
T-shaped profiles 36a, 36b, 36c. The
Claims (5)
- Configuration of a vehicle body consisting of side walls (1, 2), roof and floor elements (4, 5) as well as top plates and bottom plates (6, 7) and 8, 9) which are provided in the form of chamber profiles, with the chamber being delimited by two or three profiled walls or, if the chamber profiles are closed profiles, being delimited by four profiled walls and with the chamber profiles each comprising one attaching side relative to the adjoining chamber profiles,
characterised in
that the attaching sides (13 - 17) and the longitudinal axes of the profiled walls (1a, 2a, 4a, 5a) both of the side walls (1, 2) and of the roof and floor elements (4, 5) are arranged transversely to the direction in which the vehicle body is driven, whereas the attaching sides (18, 19 and 20, 21 respectively) and the profiled walls of the top and bottom plates (6, 7) and (8, 9) extend in the driving direction of the vehicle body. - A configuration of a vehicle body according to claim 1,
characterised in
that in the attaching regions (24a, 25a, 26a), the profiled walls comprise attaching lugs (30, 31) which extend in the longitudinal direction of the profiled walls and at a distance x1, x2 from the upper and lower delimiting faces (22, 23) of the chamber profile. - A configuration of a vehicle body according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterised in
that the distances x1, x2 range between 5 and 15 mm. - A configuration of a vehicle body according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterised in
that the profiled walls (1, 2, 4) forming the outer skin of the vehicle body are supported by webs which are positioned perpendicularly on the profiled walls (la - e) and extend transversely to the direction of driving. - A configuration of a vehicle body according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterised in
that the side walls comprise door connecting profiles which are arranged perpendicularly at a distance of 2 - 4 m and which, when viewed in a cross-section, consist of T-shaped supporting profiles (10, 11, 12), with the upper T-profile portion (12a) being planar relative to the outer skin of the vehicle body and extending in one plane with the side walls (1, 2) and with the roof and base region (11a, 11b) of the supporting profiles (10, 11, 12) being inserted into recesses of the top and bottom plates (6, 8).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19605127 | 1996-02-13 | ||
DE19605127 | 1996-02-13 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0790168A1 EP0790168A1 (en) | 1997-08-20 |
EP0790168B1 true EP0790168B1 (en) | 2000-02-23 |
Family
ID=7785199
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96118731A Expired - Lifetime EP0790168B1 (en) | 1996-02-13 | 1996-11-22 | Configuration of a vehicle body |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0790168B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE189881T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE59604489D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0790168T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19742772C2 (en) * | 1997-09-27 | 1999-09-09 | Talbot Gmbh & Co Kg | Intermediate floor for a double-decker car |
DE19756439A1 (en) * | 1997-12-18 | 1999-06-24 | Duewag Ag | Car body of a rail vehicle |
DE19803299A1 (en) * | 1998-01-29 | 1999-08-05 | Duewag Ag | Car body of a large-scale vehicle, in particular a rail vehicle |
DE29816609U1 (en) * | 1998-09-16 | 1999-12-09 | Siemens Duewag Gmbh | Car body for rail vehicles |
EP1043206A1 (en) * | 1999-04-06 | 2000-10-11 | BISIACH & CARRU' S.p.A. | Method for assembling railway cars |
DE10019097A1 (en) | 2000-04-18 | 2001-10-25 | Dwa Deutsche Waggonbau Gmbh | Body construction for vehicles, in particular rail vehicles, in aluminum integral construction |
DE10062990C2 (en) | 2000-12-16 | 2002-10-31 | Dwa Deutsche Waggonbau Gmbh | Side wall for vehicles, in particular for rail vehicles |
DE102004003142A1 (en) * | 2004-01-21 | 2005-08-18 | Siemens Ag | Rail vehicle with a car body stem |
AT520978B1 (en) * | 2018-02-21 | 2019-11-15 | Siemens Ag Oesterreich | Method for producing a rail vehicle component from light metal hollow sections |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TW200434B (en) * | 1990-09-07 | 1993-02-21 | Hitachi Seisakusyo Kk | |
FR2691937B1 (en) * | 1992-06-03 | 1994-07-22 | Alsthom Gec | RAILWAY VEHICLE BODY IN STAINLESS STEEL. |
-
1996
- 1996-11-22 AT AT96118731T patent/ATE189881T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-11-22 EP EP96118731A patent/EP0790168B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-11-22 DE DE59604489T patent/DE59604489D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-11-22 DK DK96118731T patent/DK0790168T3/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0790168A1 (en) | 1997-08-20 |
DE59604489D1 (en) | 2000-03-30 |
ATE189881T1 (en) | 2000-03-15 |
DK0790168T3 (en) | 2000-06-13 |
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