EP0779194B1 - Automotive railway train with at least two coach units - Google Patents

Automotive railway train with at least two coach units Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0779194B1
EP0779194B1 EP19960119044 EP96119044A EP0779194B1 EP 0779194 B1 EP0779194 B1 EP 0779194B1 EP 19960119044 EP19960119044 EP 19960119044 EP 96119044 A EP96119044 A EP 96119044A EP 0779194 B1 EP0779194 B1 EP 0779194B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
railway train
carriage
train according
automotive
wheels
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19960119044
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0779194A1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Dorn
Nikolaas H.C.E. Prof. Ir. Zeevenhoven
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Knorr Bremse GmbH
Knorr Bremse AG
Knorr Bremse Systeme fuer Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH
Original Assignee
Knorr Bremse GmbH
Knorr Bremse AG
Knorr Bremse Systeme fuer Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH
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Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19645982A external-priority patent/DE19645982A1/en
Application filed by Knorr Bremse GmbH, Knorr Bremse AG, Knorr Bremse Systeme fuer Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH filed Critical Knorr Bremse GmbH
Publication of EP0779194A1 publication Critical patent/EP0779194A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0779194B1 publication Critical patent/EP0779194B1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61GCOUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
    • B61G5/00Couplings for special purposes not otherwise provided for
    • B61G5/02Couplings for special purposes not otherwise provided for for coupling articulated trains, locomotives and tenders or the bogies of a vehicle; Coupling by means of a single coupling bar; Couplings preventing or limiting relative lateral movement of vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61CLOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
    • B61C15/00Maintaining or augmenting the starting or braking power by auxiliary devices and measures; Preventing wheel slippage; Controlling distribution of tractive effort between driving wheels
    • B61C15/04Maintaining or augmenting the starting or braking power by auxiliary devices and measures; Preventing wheel slippage; Controlling distribution of tractive effort between driving wheels by controlling wheel pressure, e.g. by movable weights or heavy parts or by magnetic devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rail multiple unit according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Rail multiple units are used in tram, subway, light rail and full-track operation, mostly high start-up and / or dynamic braking accelerations are required.
  • high acceleration and dynamic braking accelerations high drive or dynamic braking power necessary, which via the frictional engagement of the drive wheel sets with the travel rails are to be converted into propulsive forces.
  • the drive and wheel sets mentioned above can be on have two rigidly coupled wheels on a shaft, they can but also as idler gear sets with two relative to each other rotatable wheels on a shaft or as Idler gear pairs with with separate, if necessary individually Vertical axes rotatable shafts for each pair of wheels his; below and also in the claims become Simplification only the terms "drive wheel set” or “wheel set” used for and include all of these embodiments in terms of their meaning.
  • the wheelsets of a rail multiple unit are determined by its weight, especially the weights of the car parts, according to their Order distribution charged, this order-related
  • the load on the wheel sets is called "static load" in the Designated hibernation; when accelerating can from these dependent additional charges or relief.
  • Rail trains are also advantageous according to the invention Further training possible or appropriate, the characteristics of which in the Subclaims are specified.
  • 3 illustrates the three exemplary embodiments Wheelset loads on the railcars and measures for Derailment security. 4 shows diagrams and in 5 and 6 details are shown.
  • Rail multiple units are currently widely used in practice, which three car parts, according to Fig. 1 two terminal car parts 1 or 2 and a middle carriage part 3.
  • the terminal car parts 1 and 2 are close to their front, free ends with power units 4 and 5, each with equipped two drive wheel sets 6 and in no further are designed bogie-like manner.
  • the middle one Car part 3 is at its ends in a vertical, transverse to Rail train train longitudinal direction of the coupling plane 7 approximately at the level of its lower carriage frame parts 8 by means of a Coupling device 9 articulated with one of the car parts 1 or 2 coupled, the coupling devices 9 not only Longitudinal forces, but also the end weight of the car parts 1 and 2 are able to transfer to the car part 3.
  • the Carriage part 3 is near its ends, each with a wheel set 10 Mistake; the wheel sets 10 thus support both the car part 3 and the facing ends of the car parts 1 and 2 against the rails, not shown.
  • the rail multiple unit corresponds to known designs, the wheelset distribution gives good with reasonable effort Driving characteristics, but the few, only fractions the weights of the car parts 1 and 2 corresponding to the Train configuration statically loaded drive wheel sets 6 only one accordingly limited propulsion or dynamic braking force allow to achieve.
  • Fig.1 are approximately at the level of the roof area 11 Coupling levels 7 passing through cylinders 12 with at least approximately horizontal and parallel to the longitudinal direction of the train extending axial direction, one end of the carriage part 3 and other ends are coupled to the car part 1 or 2.
  • the impact is explained below in the case of one Spreading force.
  • the effect of a binding force is vice versa, i.e. in the opposite sense.
  • This spreading force gives a torque between the car parts 3 and 1 or 2 um one lying horizontally in the area of the coupling devices 9 and axis of rotation running transverse to the longitudinal direction of the train.
  • these torques at both ends of the car part 3 result stand up for this upward forces while the Car parts 1 and 2 facing downwards at their free ends Forces experience which in addition to the static loads supported by the drive gear sets 6 against the rails become.
  • the Rail unit train a force, which it under lifting of the middle carriage part 3 tries to bend like a bridge, whereby the wheel sets 10 are relieved accordingly and the drive wheel sets 6 will be charged accordingly.
  • the additional burden the drive gear sets 6 increases their frictional engagement with the Rails, so that they increase the propulsion or dynamic braking forces for the rail multiple unit too allow to reach.
  • Coupling devices 9 additionally tensile. This Additional tensile load can be corresponding to the cylinders 12 in Height of the coupling devices 9 arranged, not cylinders shown are at least approximately compensated if these cylinders one in when pressurized Direction of pull acting between the coupled Exercise car parts 3 and 1 or 2. These other cylinders are expediently parallel to the cylinders 12th pressurized.
  • the cylinder 12 is used to regulate the pressure medium a control device 13 is provided, which preferably on Car part 3 is mounted.
  • the control device 13 is switched Load sensors 14 and control lines 15 from the loads of Drive and impeller sets 6 and 10 controlled and regulated Pipelines 16 in the cylinders 12 and possibly the further cylinders mentioned - in the following are for all of them Cylinder called only the cylinder 12 - prevailing pressure such that, on the one hand, the drive gear sets 6 do not have their permissible wheelset loads, on the other hand the wheel sets 10 are only relieved to the extent that their derailment security is not at risk.
  • the Rail unit is air-suspended, preferably the respective air bellows pressures by means of the control lines 15 the control device 13 supplied as control signals and the Cylinder 12 is pressurized according to regulated compressed air.
  • the cylinders 12 together with their Charge control a device for Load shifting for the wheelsets.
  • the compressed air supply for this purpose can not be useful in shown way from the compressed air supply for the Air suspension, in particular of the car part 3 via a Pressure limiting or reducing valve device and a Double overflow valve with in both flow directions effective response threshold take place, the response threshold expediently be at most 1 bar, preferably about 0.5 bar can; these valves can be in a supply for the Control device 13, but expediently in the pipes 16 be classified. Furthermore, it may be appropriate Cylinders 12 to increase the volume of the air tank in parallel switch on.
  • the cylinders 12 can operate continuously during the entire operating time of the train or while traveling or when Driving accelerations must be pressurized.
  • suitable preloaded mechanical spring cartridges can be replaced.
  • the device for shifting the load is then permanent effective, the pressure medium supply with the control device 13 can be omitted.
  • car parts 1 and 2 can only have one drive wheel set 6 be arranged, the car parts 1 and 2 can have different ends Wheel sets supported in a simple or bogie arrangement be, or instead of the wheelsets 10 shown in the Coupling levels 7 for the car parts 1 and 3 or 2 and 3 common bogies with single wheelsets or Impeller bogies may be provided; however, it can also distributed differently and / or trained drive and Wheelsets are available.
  • further cylinders can between the car parts 3rd and 1 or 2 also cylinders not shown or Spring cartridges with a substantially vertical axis direction be provided which the mutually facing wagon dividing ends vertical load relative to each other, such that in the Wheelset arrangement according to Fig.1 the car part 3 directed upwards Forces experience:
  • the drive and wheel sets 6 and 10 shown also experience the desired load changes.
  • air bellows can also be used Power engines are used, but these can be increased Cause pressure medium consumption. Instead of the compressed air, too a hydraulic medium is used to apply pressure medium are still in place of cylinders or bellows electric motors can be used, if necessary immediately the mentioned torques between the car parts produce.
  • the car parts 1 and 2 may be provided with wheel sets.
  • the devices for shifting loads must then Area of the coupling levels 7 reversed to vorstender Description work, you have to add the car part load while the car parts 1 and 2 are relieved.
  • wheel sets are the reverse of those acting as described in FIG Devices for shifting loads, which one Serve to increase the load on the drive wheel sets.
  • the tie rod device 24 can be designed according to FIG. 5 and work. 5 shows car parts 1 and 3, between which by means of articulation points 25 of the Cylinder 12 or the like is classified. In the field of Body centerlines 20 is a force diagram according to FIG left part of Figure 4 with the spreading force S and the angle alpha drawn. In the side areas of car parts 1 and 3 are the tension spring anchor devices 24, each Car part 1.3 a penetrated by a tie rod 26 Have spring assembly 27. The tie rod 26 ends in the idle state behind each spring assembly at a distance h with a stop for that penetrated spring assembly 27.
  • FIG. 5 is a force diagram above Tension spring anchor device 24 shown for the angle alpha, from which the tension spring device 24 exerts Tension Z is removable, which is at least approximately equal to Spreading force S is.
  • the magnitude of the tensile force Z is shown over the stroke, it is too see that after the dead stroke they correspond to the distance h by biasing the spring assemblies 27 immediately to one of the Spreading force S starts corresponding value.
  • FIG. 6 shows a device corresponding to FIG. 5 for the Driving through vertical curves as shown on the right in Fig. 4.
  • Roll-off air springs with a large stroke are useful as Cylinder 12 to use.
  • the device for shifting loads according to the invention is also with different types of railcars, for example have only two or more than three car parts, without further ado applicable. It is only important to ensure that they axle load portions of wheel sets during their operation Drive gear sets transmits and thus an additional burden for this causes.
  • the rail unit has drive wheel sets, which on Steering racks are supported, which they in their axial direction Can set cornering parallel to the curve radius Load controls with a spreader between the Drive gear set and the car part for additional loading of the Drive gear set can be used.
  • the cylinders run thus from the steering frame upwards and diagonally to the side of the Part of the car inclined, the angle of inclination to the vertical can suitably be about 30 degrees.
  • the device can be placed between the individual car parts (1; 2; 3) Torques or lifting forces, causing on car parts (1; 2) with drive wheel sets (6) in addition by weight Carriage parts (3) with wheelsets (10) are transferred.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Schienentriebzug entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a rail multiple unit according to the preamble of claim 1.

Derartige Schienentriebzüge sind aus den Druckschrifen DE 1 227 049 B und GB 2 055 724 A bekannt.Such railcars are known from the publications DE 1 227 049 B and GB 2 055 724 A.

Derartige, zumeist der Personenbeförderung dienende Schienentriebzüge werden im Straßenbahn-, U-Bahn-, Stadtbahn- und Vollbahnbetrieb genutzt, wobei zumeist hohe Anfahr- und/oder dynamische Bremsbeschleunigungen gefordert werden. Zum Erzielen dieser hohen Anfahr- und dynamischen Bremsbeschleunigungen sind hohe Antriebs- bzw. dynamische Bremsleistungen nötig, welche über den Reibungseingriff der Triebradsätze zu den Fahrschienen in Vortriebskräfte umzusetzen sind. Es ist bekannt, daß die höchsten dieser Vortriebs- bzw. Bremskräfte - entsprechend hohe Antriebs- bzw. dynamische Bremsleistungen vorausgesetzt - dann erreichbar sind, wenn alle Radsätze des Schienentriebzuges als Triebradsätze ausgebildet sind; Triebradsätze sind jedoch in Herstellung und Wartung teuer, es ist daher üblich, am Schienentriebzug in geeigneter Weise verteilt Lauf- und Triebradsätze vorzusehen, wobei ein entsprechender Verlust an maximaler Vortriebs- bzw. dynamischer Bremskraftentwicklung in Kauf genommen wird.Such, mostly used to transport people Rail multiple units are used in tram, subway, light rail and full-track operation, mostly high start-up and / or dynamic braking accelerations are required. To achieve these are high acceleration and dynamic braking accelerations high drive or dynamic braking power necessary, which via the frictional engagement of the drive wheel sets with the travel rails are to be converted into propulsive forces. It is known that the highest of these propulsion or braking forces - correspondingly high Assuming drive or dynamic braking power - then can be reached if all the wheelsets of the railcars are considered Drive wheel sets are designed; Drive gear sets are in Manufacturing and maintenance expensive, so it is common to Rail unit in a suitable manner distributed running and Drive wheel sets to be provided, with a corresponding loss maximum propulsion or dynamic braking force development in Purchase is taken.

Die vorstehend erwähnten Trieb- und Laufradsätze können auf einer Welle zwei starr gekoppelte Räder aufweisen, sie können jedoch auch als Losradsätze mit zwei relativ zueinander verdrehbar auf einer Welle befindlichen Rädern oder als Losräderpaare mit mit getrennten, gegebenenfalls einzeln um Vertikalachsen drehbaren Wellen für jedes Radpaar ausgebildet sein; nachfolgend und auch in den Patentansprüchen werden zur Vereinfachung nur die Ausdrücke "Triebradsatz" bzw "Laufradsatz" für alle diese Ausführungsformen verwendet und schließen diese in ihrem Bedeutungsgehalt mit ein.The drive and wheel sets mentioned above can be on have two rigidly coupled wheels on a shaft, they can but also as idler gear sets with two relative to each other rotatable wheels on a shaft or as Idler gear pairs with with separate, if necessary individually Vertical axes rotatable shafts for each pair of wheels his; below and also in the claims become Simplification only the terms "drive wheel set" or "wheel set" used for and include all of these embodiments in terms of their meaning.

Die Radsätze eines Schienentriebzuges werden von dessen Gewicht, insbesondere den Gewichten der Wagenteile, entsprechend ihrer Anordnungsverteilung belastet, diese anordnungsbedingte Belastung der Radsätze wird hier als "statische Belastung" im Ruhezustand bezeichnet; bei Beschleunigungsvorgängen können von diesen abhängige Zusatzbe- oder -entlastungen hinzukommen.The wheelsets of a rail multiple unit are determined by its weight, especially the weights of the car parts, according to their Order distribution charged, this order-related The load on the wheel sets is called "static load" in the Designated hibernation; when accelerating can from these dependent additional charges or relief.

Es ist üblich, bei Schienentriebzügen einen Kompromiß zwischen Kosten und maximal erreichbarer Vortriebs- bzw. dynamischer Bremskraft dadurch einzugehen, daß - wie vorstehend bereits erwähnt - nur ein bestimmter Anteil von deren Radsätzen als Triebradsätze, die restlichen Radsätze als Laufradsätze ausgebildet werden, wobei durch entsprechende Verteilung und Anordnung der Triebradsätze am Schienentriebzug ein Optimum an deren Effizienz erreichbar ist.It is common to find a compromise between railcars Cost and maximum achievable propulsion or dynamic Braking force to enter that - as already above mentioned - only a certain proportion of their wheelsets as Drive wheel sets, the remaining wheel sets as wheelsets be trained, with appropriate distribution and Arrangement of the drive wheel sets on the railcar train an optimum whose efficiency is achievable.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, bei einem Schienentriebzug der eingangs genannten Art die Effizienz der Triebradsätze hinsichtlich der erreichbaren Vortriebs- bzw. dynamischen Bremskraft mit einfachen Mitteln zu steigern, wodurch eine Steigerung der erreichbaren Anfahr- bzw. dynamischen Bremsbeschleunigung und/oder eine Minderung der Anzahl der erforderlichen Triebradsätze und damit eine Kosteneinsparung möglich wird.It is an object of the invention in a railcar train the efficiency of the drive gear sets with regard to the achievable propulsion or dynamic To increase braking force with simple means, creating a Increase the achievable start-up or dynamic Brake acceleration and / or a reduction in the number of required drive wheel sets and thus a cost saving becomes possible.

Diese Aufgabe wird nach der Erfindung bei einem Schienentriebzug der eingangs genannten Art durch die Kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention in a multiple unit train of the type mentioned at the outset by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Durch diese Belastungsverlagerung wird der Reibschluß des wenigstens einen Triebradsatzes zur Fahrschiene gesteigert, wodurch eine entsprechende Steigerung der erreichbaren Antriebs- bzw. dynamischen Bremskräfte erreicht wird.By this shift in load, the frictional engagement of the at least one drive wheel set increased to the running rail, whereby a corresponding increase in the achievable drive or dynamic braking forces is achieved.

Bei einem derart nach der Erfindung ausgebildeten Schienentriebzug sind ebenfalls nach der Erfindung vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen möglich bzw. zweckmäßig, deren Merkmale in den Unteransprüchen angegeben sind.With such a trained according to the invention Rail trains are also advantageous according to the invention Further training possible or appropriate, the characteristics of which in the Subclaims are specified.

In den Zeichnungen Fig.1 und Fig.2 sind zwei besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele für nach der Erfindung ausgestaltete Schienentriebzüge schematisch in den erfindungswesentlichen Teilen dargestellt, wobei gleiche Bezugszeichen sich auf gleiche oder einander entsprechende Teile beziehen.In the drawings Fig.1 and Fig.2 two are special preferred embodiments for according to the invention designed railcars schematically in the Parts shown essential to the invention, being the same Reference numerals refer to the same or corresponding parts Respectively.

Die Fig. 3 verdeutlicht anhand dreier Ausführungsbeispiele die Radsatzlasten an den Schienentriebzügen sowie Maßnahmen zur Entgleisungssicherheit. Die Fig.4 zeigt hierzu Diagramme und in den Fig.5 und 6 sind Einzelheiten dargestellt.3 illustrates the three exemplary embodiments Wheelset loads on the railcars and measures for Derailment security. 4 shows diagrams and in 5 and 6 details are shown.

In der Praxis sind derzeit Schienentriebzüge weit verbreitet, welche drei Wagenteile, nach Fig.1 zwei endständige Wagenteile 1 bzw. 2 und einen mittleren Wagenteil 3, aufweisen. Die endständigen Wagenteile 1 und 2 sind nahe ihrer stirnseitigen, freien Enden mit Triebfahrwerken 4 bzw. 5 versehen, die mit je zwei Triebradsätzen 6 ausgestattet und in nicht weiter dargestellter Weise drehgestellartig ausgebildet sind. An ihren dem mittleren Wagenteil 3 zugewandten Enden sind an den Wagenteilen 1 und 2 keinerlei Radsätze vorhanden Der mittlere Wagenteil 3 ist an seinen Enden in je einer vertkalen, quer zur Schienentriebzug-Längsrichtung verlaufenden Kupplungebene 7 etwa in Höhe seiner unteren Wagenrahmenteile 8 vermittels einer Kupplungsvorrichtung 9 gelenkig mit jeweils einem der Wagenteile 1 oder 2 gekuppelt, wobei die Kupplungsvorrichtungen 9 nicht nur Längskräfte, sondern auch das endseitige Gewicht der Wagenteile 1 und 2 auf den Wagenteil 3 zu übertragen vermögen. Der Wagenteil 3 ist nahe seiner Enden mit je einem Laufradsatz 10 versehen; die Laufradsätze 10 stützen somit sowohl den Wagenteil 3 als auch die zugewandten Enden der Wagenteile 1 und 2 gegen die nicht gezeigten Fahrschienen ab.Rail multiple units are currently widely used in practice, which three car parts, according to Fig. 1 two terminal car parts 1 or 2 and a middle carriage part 3. The terminal car parts 1 and 2 are close to their front, free ends with power units 4 and 5, each with equipped two drive wheel sets 6 and in no further are designed bogie-like manner. At her the middle carriage part 3 facing ends are at the Car parts 1 and 2 no wheelsets available The middle one Car part 3 is at its ends in a vertical, transverse to Rail train train longitudinal direction of the coupling plane 7 approximately at the level of its lower carriage frame parts 8 by means of a Coupling device 9 articulated with one of the car parts 1 or 2 coupled, the coupling devices 9 not only Longitudinal forces, but also the end weight of the car parts 1 and 2 are able to transfer to the car part 3. The Carriage part 3 is near its ends, each with a wheel set 10 Mistake; the wheel sets 10 thus support both the car part 3 and the facing ends of the car parts 1 and 2 against the rails, not shown.

Insoweit entspricht der Schienentriebzug bekannten Ausführungen, die Radsatzverteilung ergibt bei vertretbarem Aufwand gute Fahreigenschaften, wobei jedoch die wenigen, nur von Bruchteilen der Gewichte der Wagenteile 1 und 2 entsprechend der Zugkonfiguration statisch belasteten Triebradsätze 6 nur eine entsprechend beschränkte Vortriebs- bzw. dynamische Bremskraft zu erreichen erlauben.In this respect, the rail multiple unit corresponds to known designs, the wheelset distribution gives good with reasonable effort Driving characteristics, but the few, only fractions the weights of the car parts 1 and 2 corresponding to the Train configuration statically loaded drive wheel sets 6 only one accordingly limited propulsion or dynamic braking force allow to achieve.

Nach Fig.1 befinden sich etwa in Höhe des Dachbereiches 11 die Kupplungsebenen 7 durchsetzende Zylinder 12 mit zumindest annähernd horizontal und parallel zur Zuglängsrichtung verlaufender Achsrichtung, deren eine Enden am Wagenteil 3 und andere Enden am Wagenteil 1 bzw. 2 angekoppelt sind.According to Fig.1 are approximately at the level of the roof area 11 Coupling levels 7 passing through cylinders 12 with at least approximately horizontal and parallel to the longitudinal direction of the train extending axial direction, one end of the carriage part 3 and other ends are coupled to the car part 1 or 2.

Die Kraftmotore darstellenden Zylinder 12 üben bei ihrer Druckmittelbeaufschlagung eine in Höhe des Dachbereiches wirkende Spreiz- bzw. Zusammenbindungskraft zwischen den einander zugewandten Stirnseiten der Wagenteile 3 und 1 bzw. 2 aus. Nachfolgend wird die Auswirkung erklärt für den Fall einer Spreizkraft. Die Auswirkung einer Zusammenbindungskraft ist umgekehrt, d.h. im entgegengesetzten Sinn. Diese Spreizkraft ergibt ein Drehmoment zwischen den Wagenteilen 3 und 1 bzw. 2 um eine im Bereich der Kuplungsvorrichtungen 9 liegende, horizontal und quer zur Zuglängsrichtung verlaufende Drehachse. Infolge dieser Drehmomente an beiden Enden des Wagenteiles 3 ergeben sich für dieses aufwärtsgerichtete Kräfte, während die Wagenteile 1 und 2 an ihren freien Enden abwärtsgerichtete Kräfte erfahren, welche zusätzlich zu den statischen Belastungen durch die Triebradsätze 6 gegen die Fahrschienen abgestützt werden.The cylinders 12, which represent the force motors, practice at their Pressure medium applied at the level of the roof area acting spreading or binding force between the mutually facing end faces of the car parts 3 and 1 or 2 out. The impact is explained below in the case of one Spreading force. The effect of a binding force is vice versa, i.e. in the opposite sense. This spreading force gives a torque between the car parts 3 and 1 or 2 um one lying horizontally in the area of the coupling devices 9 and axis of rotation running transverse to the longitudinal direction of the train. As a result these torques at both ends of the car part 3 result stand up for this upward forces while the Car parts 1 and 2 facing downwards at their free ends Forces experience which in addition to the static loads supported by the drive gear sets 6 against the rails become.

Bei Druckmittelbeaufschlagung der Zylinder 12 erfährt also der Schienentriebzug eine Krafteinwirkung, welche ihn unter Anheben des mittleren Wagenteils 3 brückenartig aufzubiegen sucht, wobei die Laufradsätze 10 entsprechend entlastet und die Triebradsätze 6 entsprechend zusatzbelastet werden. Die zusätzliche Belastung der Triebradsätze 6 steigert deren Reibschluß zu den Fahrschienen, so daß sie entsprechend gesteigerte Vortriebs- bzw. dynamische Bremskräfte für den Schienentriebzug zu erreichen gestatten.When the cylinder 12 is pressurized, the Rail unit train a force, which it under lifting of the middle carriage part 3 tries to bend like a bridge, whereby the wheel sets 10 are relieved accordingly and the drive wheel sets 6 will be charged accordingly. The additional burden the drive gear sets 6 increases their frictional engagement with the Rails, so that they increase the propulsion or dynamic braking forces for the rail multiple unit too allow to reach.

Durch die Spreizwirkung der Zylinder 12 werden die Kupplungsvorrichtungen 9 zusätzlich zugbelastet. diese Zusatz-Zugbelastung kann von entsprechend den Zylindern 12 in Höhe der Kupplungsvorrichtungen 9 angeordnete weitere, nicht gezeigte Zylinder zumindest annähernd kompensiert werden, wenn diese Zylinder bei Druckmittelbeaufschlagung eine in Annäherungsrichtung wirkende Zugkraft zwischen den gekuppelten Wagenteilen 3 und 1 oder 2 ausüben. Diese weiteren Zylinder werden zweckmäßig parallel zu den Zylinderen 12 druckmittelbeaufschlagt.Due to the expansion effect of the cylinder 12 Coupling devices 9 additionally tensile. this Additional tensile load can be corresponding to the cylinders 12 in Height of the coupling devices 9 arranged, not cylinders shown are at least approximately compensated if these cylinders one in when pressurized Direction of pull acting between the coupled Exercise car parts 3 and 1 or 2. These other cylinders are expediently parallel to the cylinders 12th pressurized.

Zur Regelung der Druckmittelbeaufschlagung der Zylinder 12 ist eine Regeleinrichtung 13 vorgesehen, welche vorzugsweise am Wagenteil 3 montiert ist. Die Regeleinrichtung 13 ist vermittels Lastsensoren 14 und Steuerleitungen 15 von den Belastungen der Trieb- und Laufradsätze 6 und 10 gesteuert und regelt über Rohrleitungen 16 den in den Zylindern 12 und gegebenenfalls den erwähnten, weiteren Zylindern - im weiteren sind für alle diese Zylinder nur die Zylinder 12 genannt - herrschenden Druck derart, daß einerseits die Triebradsätze 6 nicht über ihre zulässigen Radsatzlasten hinaus belastet werden, andererseits die Laufradsätze 10 jedoch nur so weit entlastet werden, daß ihre Entgleisungssicherheit nicht gefährdet ist. Falls der Schienentriebzug luftgefedert ist, werden vorzugsweise die jeweilige Luftfederbalgdrücke vermittels der Steuerleitungen 15 der Regeleinrichtung 13 als Steuersignale zugeführt und die Zylinder 12 entsprechend geregelt druckluftbeaufschlagt.The cylinder 12 is used to regulate the pressure medium a control device 13 is provided, which preferably on Car part 3 is mounted. The control device 13 is switched Load sensors 14 and control lines 15 from the loads of Drive and impeller sets 6 and 10 controlled and regulated Pipelines 16 in the cylinders 12 and possibly the further cylinders mentioned - in the following are for all of them Cylinder called only the cylinder 12 - prevailing pressure such that, on the one hand, the drive gear sets 6 do not have their permissible wheelset loads, on the other hand the wheel sets 10 are only relieved to the extent that their derailment security is not at risk. If the Rail unit is air-suspended, preferably the respective air bellows pressures by means of the control lines 15 the control device 13 supplied as control signals and the Cylinder 12 is pressurized according to regulated compressed air.

In Kurven entsteht durch die Wirkung der Spreizkraft eine Querkraftkomponente, welche zu einer unerwünschten, gegebenenfalls sogar unzulässigen Entlastung der Innenräder bei Kurvenfahrten führen könnte. Als Funktion der Eigenmassen, Kurvenhalbmesser, Spurweite und gegebenenfalls weiterer Einflußfaktoren sollte bzw. muß diese Querkraftkomponente ab eines gewissen Wertes kompensiert werden; dies wird später noch genauer beschrieben.In curves, the effect of the spreading force creates one Shear force component, which leads to an undesired, possibly even impermissible relief of the inner wheels Cornering could result. As a function of mass, Curve radius, track width and possibly other Influencing factors should or must remove this shear force component of a certain value can be compensated; this will be later described in more detail.

Die Zylinder 12 stellen zusammen mit ihrer Beaufschlagungsregelung eine Vorrichtung zur Belastungsverlagerung für die Radsätze dar.The cylinders 12 together with their Charge control a device for Load shifting for the wheelsets.

Die Druckluftversorgung hierzu kann zweckmäßig in nicht dargestellter Weise aus der Druckluftversorgung für die Luftfederung insbesondere des Wagenteils 3 über eine Druckbegrenzungs- oder -minderventileinrichtung und ein Doppelüberströmventil mit in beiden Strömungsrichtungen wirksamer Ansprechschwelle erfolgen, wobei die Ansprechschwelle zweckmäßig höchstens 1 bar, vorzugsweise ca. 0,5 bar betragen kann; diese Ventile können in eine Versorgung für die Regeleinrichtung 13, zweckmäßig aber in die Rohrleitungen 16 eingeordnet werden. Weiterhin kann es zweckmäßig sein, den Zylindern 12 zur Volumenvergrößerung Luftbehälter parallel zuzuschalten. Durch diese Maßnahmen kann der Druckluftverbrauch für die durch Fahrbewegungen des Zuges bewegbaren Zylinder 12 gering gehalten werden: Durch Hubänderungen der Zyinder 12 bewirkte Druckänderungen werden durch die Luftbehälter gemindert, so daß sie unterhalb der Ansprechschwelle des Doppelüberströmventils verbleiben und kein Druckluftverbrauch durch Druckluftabströmen und nachfolgendes Wiedereinspeisen erfolgt, während doch die von den Zylindern 12 ausgeübte Spreizkraft ausreichend konstant bleibt.The compressed air supply for this purpose can not be useful in shown way from the compressed air supply for the Air suspension, in particular of the car part 3 via a Pressure limiting or reducing valve device and a Double overflow valve with in both flow directions effective response threshold take place, the response threshold expediently be at most 1 bar, preferably about 0.5 bar can; these valves can be in a supply for the Control device 13, but expediently in the pipes 16 be classified. Furthermore, it may be appropriate Cylinders 12 to increase the volume of the air tank in parallel switch on. These measures can reduce compressed air consumption for the cylinders 12 which can be moved by train movements are kept low: by changing the stroke of the cylinder 12 Pressure changes caused by the air tank diminished so that they are below the response threshold of Double overflow valves remain and no compressed air consumption through compressed air discharge and subsequent feeding takes place while the one exerted by the cylinders 12 Spreading force remains sufficiently constant.

Je nach Einsatz- und Betriebsbedingungen des Schienentriebzuges können die Zylinder 12 ständig, während der ganzen Betriebszeit des Zuges oder während der Fahrt oder bei Auftreten von Fahrbeschleunigungen druckmittelbeaufschlagt sein. Bei Inkaufnahme erschwerter Kupplungs- und Entkupplungsarbeiten für die Kupplungsvorrichtungen 9 können die Zylinder 12 auch durch geeignet vorgespannte, mechanische Federpatronen ersetzt werden. Die Vorrichtung zur Belastungsverlagerung ist dann ständig wirksam, die Druckmittelversorgung mit der Regeleinrichtung 13 kann entfallen.Depending on the operating and operating conditions of the rail multiple unit the cylinders 12 can operate continuously during the entire operating time of the train or while traveling or when Driving accelerations must be pressurized. At Acceptance of difficult coupling and uncoupling work for the coupling devices 9 can also pass through the cylinders 12 suitable preloaded mechanical spring cartridges can be replaced. The device for shifting the load is then permanent effective, the pressure medium supply with the control device 13 can be omitted.

Durch die Wirkung der im Dachbereich angeordneten, in Längsrichtung wirkenden Verspannung durch Feder- bzw. Zylinderkräfte wird eine Verspannung der Wagenkästen erreicht, wodurch beim Anfahren oder Bremsen die ansonsten auftretenden Achsentlastungen erheblich verringerbar sind und das Schlupfverhalten somit verbesserbar ist.The effect of the in the roof area, in Longitudinal acting tension by spring or Cylinder forces, the car bodies are braced, whereby the otherwise occurring when starting or braking Axle relief are significantly reduced and that Slip behavior can thus be improved.

In Abänderung zum vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel können natürlich die Trieb- und Laufradsätze am Zug andersartig angeordnet oder verteilt sein. An den freien Enden der Wagenteile 1 und 2 kann jeweils nur ein Triebradsatz 6 angeordnet sein, die Wagenteile 1 und 2 können andersendig durch Laufradsätze in einfacher oder Drehgestellanordnung abgestützt sein, oder anstelle der gezeigten Laufradsätze 10 können in den Kupplungsebenen 7 für jeweils die Wagenteile 1 und 3 oder 2 und 3 gemeinsame Lauffahrwerke mit Einzel-Laufradsätzen oder Laufraddrehgestellen vorgesehen sein; es können jedoch auch andersartig verteilt und/oder ausgebildete Trieb- und Laufradsätze vorhanden sein.In modification of the embodiment described above can of course the train and wheel sets on the train be arranged or distributed differently. At the free ends car parts 1 and 2 can only have one drive wheel set 6 be arranged, the car parts 1 and 2 can have different ends Wheel sets supported in a simple or bogie arrangement be, or instead of the wheelsets 10 shown in the Coupling levels 7 for the car parts 1 and 3 or 2 and 3 common bogies with single wheelsets or Impeller bogies may be provided; however, it can also distributed differently and / or trained drive and Wheelsets are available.

Anstelle der horizontalen Zylinder 12 und gegebenenfalls der erwähnten, weiteren Zylinder können zwischen den Wagenteilen 3 und 1 oder 2 auch nicht gezeigte Zylinder oder auch Federpatronen mit im wesentlichen vertikaler Achsrichtung vorgesehen sein, welche die einander zugewandten Wagenteilenden vertikal zueinander relativbelasten, derart, daß bei der Radsatzanordnung nach Fig.1 der Wagenteil 3 aufwärts gerichtete Kräfte erfährt: Die gezeigten Trieb- und Laufradsätze 6 und 10 erfahren auch hierbei die gewünschten Belastungsänderungen.Instead of the horizontal cylinder 12 and possibly the mentioned, further cylinders can between the car parts 3rd and 1 or 2 also cylinders not shown or Spring cartridges with a substantially vertical axis direction be provided which the mutually facing wagon dividing ends vertical load relative to each other, such that in the Wheelset arrangement according to Fig.1 the car part 3 directed upwards Forces experience: The drive and wheel sets 6 and 10 shown also experience the desired load changes.

Anstelle der erwähnten Zylinder können auch luftfederbalgartige Kraftmotore genutzt werden, doch können diese einen gesteigerten Druckmittelverbrauch bewirken. Anstelle der Druckluft kann auch ein Hydraulikmedium zur Druckmittelbeaufschlagung genutzt werden, weiterhin sind anstelle der Zylinder oder Bälge elektrische Kraftmotoren verwendbar, die gegebenenfalls unmittelbar die erwähnten Drehmomente zwischen den Wagenteilen erzeugen.Instead of the cylinders mentioned, air bellows can also be used Power engines are used, but these can be increased Cause pressure medium consumption. Instead of the compressed air, too a hydraulic medium is used to apply pressure medium are still in place of cylinders or bellows electric motors can be used, if necessary immediately the mentioned torques between the car parts produce.

In weiterer Abänderung kann nur der mittlere Wagenteil 3 anstelle der Laufradsätze 10 mit Triebradsätzen und können demgemäß die Wagenteile 1 und 2 mit Laufradsätzen versehen sein. Die Vorrichtungen zur Belastungsverlagerung müssen dann im Bereich der Kupplungsebenen 7 umgekehrt zu vorstender Beschreibung wirken, sie müssen den Wagenteil zusätzlich belasten, während die Wagenteile 1 und 2 entlastet werden.In a further modification, only the middle car part 3 instead of the wheel sets 10 with drive wheel sets and can accordingly, the car parts 1 and 2 may be provided with wheel sets. The devices for shifting loads must then Area of the coupling levels 7 reversed to vorstender Description work, you have to add the car part load while the car parts 1 and 2 are relieved.

Es ist auch möglich, daß die Wagenteile 1 und 2 nahe ihrer dem Wagenteil 3 zugewandten Enden mit je einem oder zwei, dann vorteilhaft drehgestellartig zusammengefaßten, Triebradsätzen versehen sind und andersendig über Laufradsätze abgestützt sind. Auch hierbei sind umgekehrt wie zu Fig.1 beschrieben wirkende Vorrichtungen zur Belastungsverlagerung verwendbar, welche einer Belastungssteigerung der Triebradsätze dienen.It is also possible that the car parts 1 and 2 near their Carriage part 3 facing ends, each with one or two, then advantageously bogie-like, driven gear sets are provided and are supported at the other end via wheel sets. Here, too, are the reverse of those acting as described in FIG Devices for shifting loads can be used, which one Serve to increase the load on the drive wheel sets.

In weiterer Abänderung ist es, wie in Fig.2 dargestellt, möglich, bei einem ansonsten wie in Fig.1 gezeigt ausgebildeten Schienentriebzug am Wagenteil 3 mittig einen zusätzlichen Triebradsatz 6' anzubringen. Dieser Triebradsatz 6' ist mittig an einem in Wagenteillängsrichtung verlaufenden Träger 17 gehaltert, dessen eines Ende eine Lagerung 18 zum Wagenteil 3 aufweist und dessen anderes Ende an die Kolbenstange eines am Wagenteil 3 gehalterten Zylinders 19 angekoppelt ist, der entsprechend den Zylinderen 12 druckmittelbeaufschlagbar ist. Dem Triebradsatz 6' ist ein Lastsensor 14' zugeordnet, dessen Signal eine Steuerleitung 15' der Regeleinrichtung 13 zuführt. Eine Rohrleitung 16' dient der Druckmittelversorgung des Zylinders 19. Durch entsprechende Druckmittelbeaufschlagung des Zylinders 19 ist der Triebradsatz 6' verstärkt an die Fahrschienen anpreßbar, wobei durch gesteigerten Reibschluß zu diesen er hohe hohe Antriebs- bzw. dynamischen Bremskräfte zu entwickeln vermag. Die Laufradsätze 10 werden dabei entsprechend weiter entlastet.In another modification, as shown in Fig. 2, possible with an otherwise designed as shown in Fig.1 Rail train on the car part 3 in the middle an additional Drive wheel set 6 'to attach. This drive wheel set 6 'is in the middle a carrier 17 running in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle part supported, one end of a bearing 18 to the carriage part 3rd has and the other end to the piston rod of a Carriage part 3 coupled cylinder 19 is coupled to the corresponding to the cylinders 12 can be pressurized. A load sensor 14 'is assigned to the drive wheel set 6' Signal a control line 15 'of the control device 13 supplies. A pipe 16 'is used to supply the pressure medium Cylinder 19. By appropriate pressurization of the Cylinder 19 is the drive wheel set 6 'reinforced to the Rails can be pressed on, due to increased friction these he high high drive or dynamic braking forces can develop. The wheel sets 10 are correspondingly further relieved.

Selbstverständlich ist es möglich, auch die Triebradsätze 6 der Wagenteile 1 und 2 durch Triebradsätze mit Belastungssteuerungen entsprechend dem Triebradsatz 6' zu ersetzen.Of course, it is also possible to drive gear sets 6 Car parts 1 and 2 by drive wheel sets with load controls to be replaced in accordance with the drive gear set 6 '.

In Fig.3 sind drei hinsichtlich der Verteilung ihrer Lauf- und Triebradsätze unterschiedliche Ausführungbeispiele I, II und III für jeweils dreiteilige Schienentriebzüge schematisch dargestellt. Zu Ausführungsbeispiel II sind dabei lediglich die Radsätze mit ihren Belastungen gezeigt. Weiterhin sind zu den Ausführungsbeispielen I und II oben Vorrichtungen zur bereits angesprochenen Entgleisungssicherung eingezeichnet. Dabei sind, wie in Fig.1 und 2 ebenfalls, die Triebradsätze 6 mit speichenartigen Radienstrichen, die Laufradsätze 10 ohne diese Radienstriche dargestellt. Die Pfeile P mit ihren von links nach rechts ansteigenden Indexzahlen 1 bis 6 bzw. 7 bezeichnen die den jeweiligen Radsatz belastende Kraft. Dabei sollen sich die Radsatzbelastungen infolge der Wirkung der vorstehend beschriebenen Erfindung wie folgt verhalten:

  • Bei Ausführungsbeispiel I ist P3 größer als P2 und P4 größer als P5;
  • bei Ausführungsbeispiel II ist jeweils größer P2 als P1 und P3 sowie P5 als P4 und P6;
  • bei Ausführungbeispiel III ist jeweils größer P2 als P1, P4 als P3,5 und P6 als P7.
  • In FIG. 3, three exemplary embodiments I, II and III, each of three-part rail multiple units, are shown schematically with regard to the distribution of their running and driving wheel sets. For embodiment II, only the wheel sets are shown with their loads. Furthermore, for the exemplary embodiments I and II devices for derailment protection already mentioned are drawn in above. Here, as in FIGS. 1 and 2, the drive wheel sets 6 are shown with spoke-like radius lines, the impeller sets 10 are shown without these radius lines. The arrows P with their index numbers 1 to 6 or 7, increasing from left to right, denote the load on the respective wheel set. As a result of the effect of the invention described above, the wheel set loads should behave as follows:
  • In embodiment I, P 3 is greater than P 2 and P 4 is greater than P 5 ;
  • in embodiment II, P 2 is greater than P 1 and P 3 and P 5 is greater than P 4 and P 6 ;
  • in embodiment III each is greater than P 2 than P 1 , P 4 as P 3.5 and P 6 as P 7 .
  • Aus diesen Ausführungsbeispielen ist leicht erkennbar, daß die Erfindung bei luft- oder hydraulikgefederten Schienentriebzügen sehr kostensparend durch geeignete Steuerung der einzelnen Radsatzbelastungen vermittels der jeweiligen Federungszylinder- bzw. -balgdrücke realisierbar ist.From these embodiments it can be easily seen that the Invention in air or hydraulic suspension rail multiple units very cost-saving due to appropriate control of the individual Wheelset loads by means of the respective suspension cylinder or -bellow pressures is realizable.

    In Fig.4 sind anhand zweier Diagramme die der Entgleisungssicherheit entgegenwirkenden Kräfte verdeutlicht, wobei davon ausgegangen wird, daß die erfindungsgemäßen spreizkrafterzeugenden Mittel, d.h. inbesondere die Zylinder 12, in der Fahrzeugmittelebene bzw. symmetrisch zu dieser wirken. Im linken Teil ist das Durchfahren einer horizontalen Kurve mit einem Radius 19 von 18m mit einem Stadtbahnzug mit einem Drehgestellabstand von 9m gezeigt, wobei die Wagenkastenmittellinien 20 in den Winkel alpha zueinander gelangen. Die Strecke 21 beträgt 1/2 Drehgestellabstand, also 4,5m. Die vom Zylinder 12 bzw. dergleichen aufgebrachte Spreizkraft S ergibt dabei die nach außen gerichtete Radialkraft R, welche zu einer einer Entgleisung förderlichen, unerwünschten Entlastung des kurveninneren Fahrzeugrades führt. Im rechten Teil der Fig.4 ist entsprechend in verkleinertem Maßstab das Durchfahren einer vertikalen, konvexen Kurve bzw. Scheitels, wie es beim Überfahren von Brücken, Straßenunebenheiten, Fährschiffsrampen und dergl. auftritt. Dabei soll der vertikale Kurvenradius 22 100m betragen, die Wagenkastenmittellinien gelangen dabei in den Winkel beta zueinander. Die Strecke 21 entspricht wiederum 1/2 des Drehgestellabstandes voll 4,5m. Dabei entsteht durch die Zylinder 12 bzw. dergl. eine gewisse, im Diagrammmaßstab kleine, unbezeichnte Kraft, welche entgleisungsförderlich ist.In Figure 4 are the two using two diagrams Forces that counteract derailment, assuming that the invention spreading force generating means, i.e. especially the cylinders 12, act in the vehicle center plane or symmetrically to it. in the left part is driving through a horizontal curve with a radius 19 of 18m with a light rail train with a Bogie distance of 9m shown, the Body center lines 20 in the angle alpha to each other reach. The distance 21 is 1/2 bogie distance, so 4.5m. The one applied by the cylinder 12 or the like Spreading force S results in the outward radial force R, which leads to an undesirable conduction which is conducive to derailment Relief of the inside of the vehicle wheel leads. In the right Part of Figure 4 is accordingly on a reduced scale Driving through a vertical, convex curve or apex, such as when driving over bridges, bumps in the road, Ferry ship ramps and the like occur. The vertical Curve radius 22 are 100m, the car body center lines reach each other at the angle beta. Route 21 corresponds to 1/2 of the bogie distance fully 4.5m. The cylinder 12 or the like creates a certain on the diagram scale, small, undetermined force, which is conducive to derailment.

    Die entgleisungsförderlichen Kräfte sind aus Gründen der Entgleisungssicherheit auf ungefährliche bzw. zulässige Werte zu begrenzen. Beim Ausführungsbeispiel I der Fig.3, 3, bei welchem der Zylinder 12 in Belastungsrichtung des unterhalb diesem befindlichen Triebradsatzes 6, also in Zusammenbindungs- bzw. Zugrichtung auf benachbarte Wagenkästen wirkt, sind daher beidseitig in Wagendachnähe, in der Höhe h über den Radsatzachsen, fahrzeugseitlich die oben unter I gezeigten Gegendruckkrafteinrichtungen 23 anzuordnen, welche nach einem gewissen Tothub einer weiteren Annäherung der seitlichen Wagenkastenteile entgegenwirken. Die genauere Ausbildung kann dabei analog zum nachfolgend beschriebenen Ausführungbeispiel II der Fig.3 erfolgen.The derailment-promoting forces are for the sake of Derailment security to safe or permissible values limit. In embodiment I of Fig.3, 3, in which the Cylinder 12 in the direction of loading below this located drive gear set 6, that is, in connection or The direction of pull on neighboring car bodies is therefore on both sides near the roof of the car, at a height h above the Wheelset axles, those shown above under I on the vehicle side Arrange counter-pressure devices 23, which after a certain dead stroke of a further approximation of the lateral Counteract car body parts. The more precise training can analogous to embodiment example II described below 3 take place.

    Beim Ausführungsbeispiel II der Fig.3 ist der unterhalb des Zylinders befindliche Laufradsatz 10 durch brückenartiges Aufwölben des Triebzuges zu entlasten, der Zylinder 12 bzw. dergl. bewirkt daher eine Spreizkraft auf benachbarte Wagenkästen aus. Anstelle der Gegendruckkrafteinrichtungen 23 sind daher weitgehend analog auszubildende Zugfederankereinrichtungen 24 vorzusehen, welche nach einem Tothub der erwähnten Spreizkraft entgegenwirken.In embodiment II of Figure 3 is below Cylinder wheelset 10 by bridge-like To relieve the bulge of the multiple unit, the cylinder 12 or The like. Therefore causes a spreading force on neighboring Car bodies. Instead of the counterpressure force devices 23 are therefore largely analog apprentices Tension spring anchor devices 24 to provide, which after a Counteract the dead stroke of the spreading force mentioned.

    Die Zugankervorrichtung 24 kann gemäß Fig.5 ausgebildet werden und wirken. In Fig.5 sind Wagenteile 1 und 3 angedeutet, zwischen welchen mittels beiseitiger Gelenkestellen 25 der Zylinder 12 bzw. dergl. eingeordnet ist. Im Bereich der Wagenkastenmittellinien 20 ist ein Kraftdiagramm gemäß dem linken Teil der Fig.4 mit der Spreizkraft S und dem Winkel alpha eingezeichnet. In den Seitenbereichen der Wagenteile 1 und 3 befinden sich die Zugfederankereinrichtungen 24, welche je Wagenteil 1,3 ein von einem Zuganker 26 durchgriffenes Federpaket 27 aufweisen. Der Zuganker 26 endet im Ruhezustand hinter jedem Federpaket im Abstand h mit einem Anschlag für das durchgriffene Federpaket 27. Bei Kurvenfahrt wird ab Erreichen bestimmter, vorstehend erwähnter Einflußgrößen durch Entfernen der kurvenaußenseitigen Wagenteilabschnitte voneinander nach Durchlaufen eines vom Abstand h abhängigen, wirkungslosen Tothubes die jeweilige Zugfederankereinrichtung 24 unter Kompression der Federpakete 27 wirksam, wobei durch entsprechendes Abstimmen von Federstärke und Hubweg eine zumindest weitgehende Kompensation der Spreizkraft S erreichbar ist, deren entgleisungsfördernde Wirkung also auf ungefährliche Werte begrenzt wird. In Fig.5 ist oben ein Kraftdiagramm der Zugfederankereinrichtung 24 für den Winkel alpha dargestellt, aus welchem die von der Zugfederankereinrichtung 24 ausgeübte Zugkraft Z entnehmbar ist, welche zumindest annähernd gleich der Spreizkraft S ist. Mittig rechts ist in Fig.5 in einem Diagramm die Größe der Zugkraft Z über dem Hubweg dargestellt, es ist zu ersehen, daß sie nach dem Tothub entsprechend dem Abstand h durch Vorspannung der Federpakete 27 sogleich auf einen der Spreizkraft S entsprechenden Wert anspringt.The tie rod device 24 can be designed according to FIG. 5 and work. 5 shows car parts 1 and 3, between which by means of articulation points 25 of the Cylinder 12 or the like is classified. In the field of Body centerlines 20 is a force diagram according to FIG left part of Figure 4 with the spreading force S and the angle alpha drawn. In the side areas of car parts 1 and 3 are the tension spring anchor devices 24, each Car part 1.3 a penetrated by a tie rod 26 Have spring assembly 27. The tie rod 26 ends in the idle state behind each spring assembly at a distance h with a stop for that penetrated spring assembly 27. When cornering is reached from certain influencing variables mentioned above by removal of the wagon sections on the outside of the curve Go through an ineffective depending on the distance h Tothubes the respective tension spring anchor device 24 below Compression of the spring assemblies 27 effective, with appropriate adjustment of spring strength and stroke distance one at least extensive compensation of the spreading force S can be achieved is, the derailment-promoting effect on harmless Values is limited. 5 is a force diagram above Tension spring anchor device 24 shown for the angle alpha, from which the tension spring device 24 exerts Tension Z is removable, which is at least approximately equal to Spreading force S is. In the middle on the right in Fig. 5 is a diagram the magnitude of the tensile force Z is shown over the stroke, it is too see that after the dead stroke they correspond to the distance h by biasing the spring assemblies 27 immediately to one of the Spreading force S starts corresponding value.

    Die Fig.6 zeigt eine der Fig.5 entsprechende Einrichtung für das Durchfahren vertikaler Kurven gemäß der rechten Darstellung in Fig.4. Zweckmäßig sind Abrolluftfedern mit großem Hub als Zylinder 12 zu verwenden.6 shows a device corresponding to FIG. 5 for the Driving through vertical curves as shown on the right in Fig. 4. Roll-off air springs with a large stroke are useful as Cylinder 12 to use.

    Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Belastungsverlagerung ist auch bei andersartigen Schienentriebzügen, welche beispielsweise nur zwei oder mehr als drei Wagenteile aufweisen, ohne weiteres anwendbar. Es ist dabei jeweils nur darauf zu achten, daß sie bei ihrem Betrieb Achslast-Anteile von Laufradsätzen auf Triebradsätze überträgt und somit eine zusätzliche Belastung für diese bewirkt.The device for shifting loads according to the invention is also with different types of railcars, for example have only two or more than three car parts, without further ado applicable. It is only important to ensure that they axle load portions of wheel sets during their operation Drive gear sets transmits and thus an additional burden for this causes.

    Falls der Schienentriebzug Triebradsätze aufweist, welche an Lenkgestellen gehaltert sind, die sie in ihrer Achsrichtung bei Kurvenfahrt parallel zum Kurvenradius einstellen, können Belastungssteuerungen mit einer Spreizeinrichtung zwischen dem Triebradsatz und dem Wagenteil zur Zusatzbelastung des Triebradsatzes verwendet werden. Es sind hierbei zwei quer zur Wagenkastenlängsrichtung versetzte Zylinder 19 vorzusehen, deren untere Enden in der genannten Längsrichtung zum Triebradsatz versetzt und mit einem quer zur genannten Längsrichtung verlaufenden Basisabstand an bei Kurvenfahrt sich nach kurvenaußen bewegenden Teilen des Lenkgestelles und deren obere Enden mit einem zum vorgenannten vergrößerten Basisabstand am Rahmen des Wagenteils angelenkt sind. Die Zylinder verlaufen somit vom Lenkgestell nach oben und schräg zur Seite des Wagenteils geneigt, wobei der Neigungswinkel zur Vertikalen zweckmäßig ca. 30 Grad betragen kann. Hierdurch ergibt sich der Vorteil, daß bei Kurvenfahrt mit entsprechender Auslenkung des Lenkgestelles der kurvenäußere Zylinder in Annäherung an die Vertikale aufgerichtet und der andersseitige Zylinder stärker geneigt wird. Hierdurch erfährt der Triebradsatz kurvenaußenseitig eine weitere Belastungssteigerung, welche die Entgleisungssicherheit steigert, und kurveninnenseitig eine Entlastung, welche jedoch hinsichtlich der Entgleisungssicherheit höchstens eine vernachlässigbar geringe Auswirkung zur Folge hat. Bei andersartigen Lenkgestellen müssen gegebenenfalls andere Neigungen der Zylinder vorgesehen werden.If the rail unit has drive wheel sets, which on Steering racks are supported, which they in their axial direction Can set cornering parallel to the curve radius Load controls with a spreader between the Drive gear set and the car part for additional loading of the Drive gear set can be used. There are two across To provide car body longitudinal direction offset cylinder 19, the lower ends in the longitudinal direction mentioned to the drive gear set offset and with a transverse to the longitudinal direction mentioned basic distance at when cornering parts of the steering frame moving outside the curve and their upper parts Ends with an enlarged base distance to the aforementioned on Frame of the car part are articulated. The cylinders run thus from the steering frame upwards and diagonally to the side of the Part of the car inclined, the angle of inclination to the vertical can suitably be about 30 degrees. This results in the Advantage that when cornering with appropriate deflection of the Steering frame of the outer cylinder in proximity to the Vertical upright and the other side cylinder stronger is inclined. This causes the drive wheel set to experience on the outside of the curve a further increase in stress, which the Safety against derailment increases, and one on the inside of the curve Discharge, which however with regard to Derailment security at most a negligible level Impact. With different types of steering racks if necessary, other inclinations of the cylinders can be provided.

    Kurzfassung:Short version:

    Bei einem Sschienentriebzug mit mehreren gelenkig miteinander gekuppelten Wagenteilen (1;2;3) sind auf die Wagenteile verteilt Trieb- und Laufradsätze (6 bzw. 10) vorgesehen. Erfindungsgemäß wird eine Vorrichtung vorgesehen, welche eine Belastungsverlagerung von den Lauf- auf die Triebradsätze (6 bzw. 10) bewirkt. Durch diese Vorrichtung wird der Reibschluß der Triebradsätze gesteigert, so daß höhere Anfahrbeschleunigungen erreichbar und/oder weniger Triebradsätze erforderlich sind.In the case of a multiple unit train articulated with one another coupled wagon parts (1; 2; 3) are distributed over the wagon parts Drive and wheel sets (6 and 10) provided. According to the invention a device is provided which a Shifting loads from the wheels to the drive wheel sets (6 or 10) causes. Through this device, the friction the drive wheel sets increased so that higher Accelerations can be achieved and / or fewer drive wheel sets required are.

    Die Vorrichtung kann zwischen den einzelnen Wagenteilen (1;2;3) Drehmomente oder Hubkräfte bewirken, wodurch auf Wagenteile (1;2) mit Triebradsätzen (6) zusäzlich Gewichtsanteile von Wagenteilen (3) mit Laufradsätzen (10) übertragen werden. The device can be placed between the individual car parts (1; 2; 3) Torques or lifting forces, causing on car parts (1; 2) with drive wheel sets (6) in addition by weight Carriage parts (3) with wheelsets (10) are transferred.

    Aufstellung der Bezugszahlen:List of reference numbers:

    11
    WagenteilCar part
    33rd
    WagenteilCar part
    55
    TriebfahrwerkEngine
    6'6 '
    TriebradsatzDriving gear set
    88th
    WagenrahmenteilCarriage frame part
    1010th
    LaufradsatzWheelset
    1212th
    Zylindercylinder
    1414
    LastsensorLoad sensor
    1515
    SteuerleitungControl line
    1616
    RohrleitungPipeline
    1818th
    Zylindercylinder
    2020
    WagenkastenmittellinieCar body center line
    2222
    Radiusradius
    2424th
    ZugfederankereinrichtungTension spring anchor device
    2626
    ZugankerTie rod
    P1...7 P 1 ... 7
    Kraftforce
    SS
    SpreizkraftSpreading force
    hH
    Abstanddistance
    22nd
    WagenteilCar part
    44th
    TriebfahrwerkEngine
    66
    TriebradsatzDriving gear set
    77
    KupplungsebeneCoupling level
    99
    KupplungsvorrichtungCoupling device
    1111
    DachbereichRoof area
    1313
    RegeleinrichtungControl device
    14'14 '
    LastsensorLoad sensor
    15'15 '
    SteuerleitungControl line
    1717th
    Trägercarrier
    1919th
    Radiusradius
    2121
    Streckeroute
    2323
    GegendruckkrafteirichtungCounterpressure direction
    2525th
    GelenkstelleJoint
    2727
    FederpaketSpring pack
    RR
    RadialkraftRadial force
    ZZ.
    Zugkrafttraction

    Claims (25)

    1. Automotive railway train having at least two carriage parts (1; 2; 3) coupled together flexibly or in a comparable fashion, which have at least one set of bogie wheels (10), and at least one carriage part (1; 2; 3) of which is equipped with at least one set of driving wheels (6; 6'), where the at least one set of bogie wheels (10) and the at least one set of driving wheels (6; 6') are statically loaded in the rest state by parts of the weight of the carriage parts (1; 2; 3), and the set of bogie wheels and/or the set of driving wheels is constructed with two fixedly coupled wheels as a freewheel set or as a freewheel pair, and having a device which shifts part of the static loading of at least one set of bogie wheels (10) onto at least one set of driving wheels (6; 6') for its additional loading, characterised in that associated with the device for load shifting is a control device (13), controlled by the loads of the sets of bogie wheels and driving wheels, which brings the load shifting to an end before an unloading of these sets of wheels that endangers the derailment security of the sets of bogie wheels (10), and before the maximum permissible loading of the sets of driving wheels (6) is exceeded.
    2. Automotive railway train according to claim 1, characterised in that the sets of bogie wheels and driving wheels (6; 10) affected by the load shifting belong to different carriage parts (1; 2 or 3).
    3. Automotive railway train according to claim 2, characterised in that the device for load shifting engages at least approximately in the region of the vertical coupling plane (7) extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the automotive train on both coupled carriage parts (1; 3 or 2; 3) for the transmission of force between them.
    4. Automotive railway train according to claim 3, characterised in that the device for load shifting exerts a lifting force on the carriage part (3) having the at least one set of bogie wheels (10), and a lowering force on the carriage part (1; 2) having the set of driving wheels (6).
    5. Automotive railway train according to claim 4, characterised in that the set of driving wheels is located near the point of coupling of the carriage part which has it to the other carriage part.
    6. Automotive railway train according to claim 4, characterised in that the device for load shifting exerts on the coupled carriage parts (3; 1 or 2) a torque about a horizontal axis of rotation, which is aligned in a type of bridge formation, and seeks to lift the coupling point and to lower the ends of the carriage parts (1; 2) remote from the coupling point.
    7. Automotive railway train according to claim 6, characterised in that the set of driving wheels (6) is located near the end of the carriage part (1; 2), remote from the coupling point, which has the set.
    8. Automotive railway train according to claim 3 and claim 4 or 6, characterised in that the device for load shifting has at least one pneumatically, hydraulically or electrically driven motor arranged between the two coupled carriage parts and in operative connection with them.
    9. Automotive railway train according to claims 4 and 8, characterised in that the motor is constructed as a cylinder or bellows exerting a vertical force between the coupled carriage parts upon actuation of pressure medium.
    10. Automotive railway train according to claims 6 and 8, where the carriage parts (1; 2; 3) are coupled together in the height region of their lower carriage structure parts (8), characterised in that the motor is constructed as a cylinder (12) or bellows exerting an expanding force or a compressing force between the carriage parts (3; 1 or 2), acting near the roof region (11), upon actuation of pressure medium.
    11. Automotive railway train according to claim 10, characterised in that in the height region of the lower carriage structure parts the device for load shifting has at least one further motor, constructed preferably as a cylinder or bellows, which is in operative connection with the coupled carriage parts and exerts on them a traction force acting in the direction of approach.
    12. Automotive railway train according to claim 11, characterised in that the motors arranged to be vertically offset exert an expanding or contracting force which in absolute terms is at least approximately of the same strength.
    13. Automotive railway train according to claim 11, where the sets of bogie wheels and driving wheels have air suspension, characterised in that the regulating device is controlled by the air suspension pressures of the sets of wheels.
    14. Automotive railway train according to claim 13, characterised in that the motors constructed as bellows or cylinders (12) are supplied with compressed air from the compressed air supply of the pneumatic suspension via a pressure-limitation or reduction valve device and a double excess current valve with a response threshold effective in both flow directions.
    15. Automotive railway train according to claim 14, characterised in that an air reservoir is connected in parallel to the motors constructed as cylinders (12).
    16. Automotive railway train according to claim 14 or 15,- characterised in that the response threshold of the double excess current valve is at the most 1 bar, preferably about 0.5 bar.
    17. Automotive railway train according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the sets of bogie wheels and/or driving wheels are arranged as individual sets of wheels or in double arrangement in bogies.
    18. Automotive railway train according to one or more of the preceding claims 1 to 4 and 6 to 17, characterised by a construction having three coupled carriage parts (1; 2; 3), where the end carriage parts (1; 2) have driving bogies near their uncoupled ends, each bogie having two sets of driving wheels (6), and at the other end are supported against an individual freewheel set (10) or a bogie wheel set which is arranged on the end or centre carriage part (3) or is constructed to belong jointly to these, wherein the coupling points of the centre carriage part (3) to both end carriage parts (1; 2) have motors acting in a bridge-like lifting direction of the centre carriage part (3).
    19. Automotive railway train according to claim 1, characterised in that a vertically-acting expanding device, which can be actuated by the load shifting device, is arranged between the set of driving wheels and the frame of the carriage part which has it.
    20. Automotive railway train according to claim 19, characterised in that the expanding device has a carrier (17) extending in the longitudinal direction of the automotive train, on which the set of driving wheels (6') is centrally mounted, and which is hinged at one end on the frame of the vehicle part (3), and at the other end on a motor loading it in the lowering direction.
    21. Automotive railway train according to claim 19 or 20, characterised in that in the longitudinal direction the set of driving wheels (6') is arranged centrally on a carriage part (3) which is supported if need be at the ends by means of sets of bogie wheels (10).
    22. Automotive railway train according to claim 18, characterised by the additional arrangement of a set of driving wheels (6') according to the features of claim 21 on the centre carriage part (3).
    23. Automotive railway train according to claim 19, where during curve travel the set of driving wheels experiences a parallel adjustment with respect to the radius of curvature by means of a steering frame guiding it, characterised in that the expanding device has two cylinders which can be acted on by pressure medium and are arranged to be offset transversely to the longitudinal direction of the carriage part, whose lower ends are offset with respect to the set of driving wheels in the said longitudinal direction, and having a base spacing on the steering frame which extends transversely to the said longitudinal direction, and whose upper ends are hinged with a base spacing on the frame of the carriage part which is larger or smaller with respect to the above spacing, wherein the cylinders extend steeply upwards from the steering frame and in an inclined manner with respect to the side or the central longitudinal plane of the carriage part, in such a way that on curve travel the outer cylinder on the curve approaches the vertical.
    24. Automotive railway train according to claim 2, characterised in that the angle of inclination of the cylinders to the vertical direction is about 30°.
    25. Automotive railway train according to claim 10, characterised in that counter pressure spring force devices (23) or tension spring anchoring devices (25) having a dead stroke are located between adjacent carriage parts (3; 1 or 2) laterally in their upper regions near the roof and counteract the cylinder (12) or bellows.
    EP19960119044 1995-12-15 1996-11-28 Automotive railway train with at least two coach units Expired - Lifetime EP0779194B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (4)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE19547003 1995-12-15
    DE19547003 1995-12-15
    DE19645982 1996-11-07
    DE19645982A DE19645982A1 (en) 1995-12-15 1996-11-07 Rail multiple unit with at least two car parts

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0779194A1 EP0779194A1 (en) 1997-06-18
    EP0779194B1 true EP0779194B1 (en) 2000-05-17

    Family

    ID=26021313

    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP19960119044 Expired - Lifetime EP0779194B1 (en) 1995-12-15 1996-11-28 Automotive railway train with at least two coach units

    Country Status (1)

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    EP (1) EP0779194B1 (en)

    Families Citing this family (6)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    CN102910076B (en) * 2007-10-12 2017-05-03 通用电气公司 System, method, and kit for dynamically affecting a force applied through a rail vehicle axle
    US20090095194A1 (en) 2007-10-12 2009-04-16 Ajith Kuttannair Kumar System and method for dynamically affecting a force applied through a rail vehicle axle
    US8196519B2 (en) 2009-10-07 2012-06-12 General Electric Company Vehicle suspension control system and method
    US20110082606A1 (en) * 2009-10-07 2011-04-07 General Electric Company Vehicle suspension control system and method
    WO2011043966A2 (en) * 2009-10-07 2011-04-14 General Electric Company Vehicle suspension control system and method
    US8468952B2 (en) 2010-12-31 2013-06-25 General Electric Company Dynamic weight management for a vehicle via hydraulic actuators

    Family Cites Families (4)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    GB641123A (en) * 1948-04-21 1950-08-02 Frank Whyman Improvements relating to electrically driven railway vehicles
    DE1161938B (en) * 1959-09-21 1964-01-30 Schweizerische Lokomotiv Device on bogie rail locomotives with single-axle drive to reduce the axle relief caused by the pulling forces
    NL281402A (en) * 1961-08-16
    GB2055724A (en) * 1979-08-15 1981-03-11 Gyro Mining Transport Ltd Rail vehicle system

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    EP0779194A1 (en) 1997-06-18

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