EP0779109A1 - Windsichter mit geringer Strömungsgeschwindigkeit - Google Patents

Windsichter mit geringer Strömungsgeschwindigkeit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0779109A1
EP0779109A1 EP96630074A EP96630074A EP0779109A1 EP 0779109 A1 EP0779109 A1 EP 0779109A1 EP 96630074 A EP96630074 A EP 96630074A EP 96630074 A EP96630074 A EP 96630074A EP 0779109 A1 EP0779109 A1 EP 0779109A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conduit
air
grill
foraminous member
bars
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP96630074A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Joseph B. Bielagus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Beloit Technologies Inc
Original Assignee
Beloit Technologies Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Beloit Technologies Inc filed Critical Beloit Technologies Inc
Publication of EP0779109A1 publication Critical patent/EP0779109A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21B—FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
    • D21B1/00—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
    • D21B1/02—Pretreatment of the raw materials by chemical or physical means
    • D21B1/026—Separating fibrous materials from waste
    • D21B1/028—Separating fibrous materials from waste by dry methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B11/00—Arrangement of accessories in apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
    • B07B11/04—Control arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B11/00—Arrangement of accessories in apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
    • B07B11/06—Feeding or discharging arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B4/00—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
    • B07B4/08—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures are supported by sieves, screens, or like mechanical elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B9/00—Combinations of apparatus for screening or sifting or for separating solids from solids using gas currents; General arrangement of plant, e.g. flow sheets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to apparatuses and methods for separating fractions of a particulate material in general. More particularly, the present invention relates to apparatuses and methods for utilizing air to separate components of a particulate material on the basis of differing attributes.
  • the air density separator uses a vertical separation chamber through which a stream of air is drawn with a velocity in the range of four to five thousand feet per minute. Wood chips to be separated are metered by an auger into the separation chamber where the high velocity air stream disperses the chips evenly over the chamber. The more dense knots fall through the uprising current of air and are rejected. The lighter chips are drawn from the separation chamber by the flow of air and separated from the air by a cyclone.
  • the air density separation apparatus of the present invention employs a vertical air separation chamber.
  • the vertical air separation chamber is connected to a cyclone which in turn is connected to a fan.
  • the fan draws air out of the cyclone which in turn causes air to be drawn up through the open-bottomed separation chamber.
  • air density separators utilized in separating wood chips from wood knots, air is drawn rapidly up through the separation chamber at four to five thousand feet per minute.
  • the wood chips are metered into the separation chamber through an air lock or a supply auger.
  • the auger dumps the chips into the high velocity air stream where the high velocity air disperses the chips across the separation chamber so that the rising stream of air may separate the chips based on their density and cross-sectional area.
  • the separation chamber is somewhat longer and the air is drawn up through the chamber at approximately seven hundred to eight hundred feet per minute. Because of the relatively low velocity of the air, the air stream itself is noneffective at dispersing the shredded plastic bottles and their associated paper labels evenly into the air stream.
  • a grid of closely spaced narrow bars extends into the separation chamber. The bars are cantilevered into the separation chamber and are caused to vibrate by an oscillatory mounting.
  • the shredded material may be fed by an ordinary chute without an air lock onto the deck of the grid of bars. Air moving rapidly between the bars lifts and separates the various constituents of the shredded bottles.
  • the lightweight paper is drawn up through the separation chamber and into the cyclone.
  • the cyclone removes the lightweight paper from the air stream and air is drawn from the cyclone by a fan.
  • the air density separator of this invention is estimated to remove ninety-five to ninety-eight percent of the paper from a feed of shredded plastic bottles with a loss of plastic with the paper of only zero to one percent.
  • FIG. 1 is a side-elevational somewhat schematic view of the low velocity air density separator of this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an isometric view, partly cut away, of the separation chamber and infeed mechanism of the low velocity air density separator of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 a low velocity air density separator 20 is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the air density separator 20 has a vertically disposed conduit 22 which defines a vertical air separation chamber 24. Mixed particulate matter 44 is introduced into the separation chamber 24 from a material hopper 58.
  • the air separation chamber 24 is connected by a duct 26 to a cyclone 28.
  • the cyclone is connected to a fan 30. The fan draws air from the cyclone 28 which in turn draws air through the duct 26 which causes a stream of air indicated by arrows 32 to enter the bottom 34 of the conduit 22.
  • the mixed material 44 is discharged from the hopper 58 along an inclined chute 60 onto a foraminous screen formed by a grill 36 disposed within the separation chamber 24.
  • the grill 36 has a multiplicity of closely spaced narrow bars 38 which extend across the conduit 22 between a material inlet 40 and a trash outlet 42.
  • the grill 36 is cantilevered from a mount 46 which resiliently supports the grill 36 on springs 48.
  • a ferromagnetic member 50 is mounted to the grill 36 and is driven by a solenoid 52 to cause the grill 36 to vibrate at about sixty Hertz. Certain material will be entrained in the upwardly moving air and will leave the separation chamber through the duct 26. The remaining particulate material which is not entrained and which is of a size to pass through the grill 36 will exit the separation chamber 24 through the bottom 34 of the conduit 22 and will be collected on a conveyor 35.
  • a conventional air density separator air is drawn up through the separation chamber at four to five thousand feet per minute while the granular material to be separated such as wood chips is dispensed into the air chamber either by a chute with an air lock or by an auger which distributes the material across the separation chamber.
  • the high velocity air stream moving up through the separation chamber is effective to disperse the granular material being separated in the air stream. Materials which are sufficiently dense fall down through the separation chamber whereas lighter materials become entrained in the air and are drawn into a cyclone where they are separated.
  • An air density separator separates a particulate matter depending on what is known in the aerodynamic field as ballistic coefficient.
  • Ballistic coefficient is a function of the density of the object, the area of the object presented to the air stream, and a shape-dependent coefficient.
  • Ballistic coefficient controls the maximum rate at which an object will fall through a still column of air. Because the resistance of an object through the air increases with velocity, an object which is accelerated by the earth's gravitational force eventually reaches a velocity where the acceleration force of gravity is balanced by the drag force of the air through which the object is moving.
  • This principal is used to separate the granular material into two or more components based on the ballistic coefficient of the granules.
  • the granules By introducing the granules into an upwardly moving stream of air which has a velocity which is greater than the terminal velocity of some of the particles and less than the terminal velocity of other particles, the granular material will be separated into two fractions.
  • an air velocity in the range of four to five thousand feet per minute is chosen which exceeds the terminal velocity of the wood chips, thereby causing them to rise to the top of the air chamber and be transported through a duct to a cyclone.
  • the knots which have a terminal velocity greater than four to five thousand feet per minute, fall through the air to exit the bottom of the separation chamber.
  • An exemplary problem addressed by the low velocity air density separator 20 is separating shredded paper from shredded plastic.
  • the recycling of post-consumer plastic bottles has resulted in a feed stock formed by the shredding of plastic milk bottles or plastic pop bottles.
  • the feed stock contains both plastic from the bottles and paper from the labels associated with the bottles.
  • the plastic shards 54 as seen in FIG. 2 are of a thicker gauge of material than the paper or light grade plastic labels, they have a higher ballistic co-efficient and can be separated in theory in an air density separator.
  • both the plastic and the paper are of relatively low ballistic coefficient and so the velocity of the air in the air density separator must be in the range of five hundred to a thousand feet per minute, preferably in the range of seven to eight hundred feet per minute.
  • the problem with these low velocities can be readily demonstrated by taking a handful of paper confetti such as the punchings from a paper punch and dropping them into the air. Some of the paper punchings will become dispersed and rapidly reach their terminal velocity and slowly settle to the floor. Others, however, will clump together and fall as a unit reaching the floor first.
  • it is observed with lightweight materials they must be adequately dispersed in the column of air moving up through the vertical separation chamber 24 if it is desired to reliably separate them on the basis of their ballistic coefficients.
  • the grill 36 formed of closely spaced narrow bars 38.
  • the bars 38 In a chamber having dimensions of approximately fourteen inches by twenty-six inches, the bars 38 would have a depth of one and a half inches with a thickness of one and a half to three millimeters and a bar to bar gap of between one-eighth and one-fourth of an inch when used with a shredded material 44 having an average size of one-quarter inch to one half inch.
  • the bars 38 are formed into the grill 36 within a frame 64.
  • One or more transverse reinforcements may be installed on the underside of the grill 36 formed by the bars 38.
  • shredded plastic and paper is fed on the chute 60 onto the deck 62 of the grill 36.
  • the chute 60 extends partially over the grill 36 within the separation chamber.
  • a cover 63 may be provided to prevent buildup of material on portions of the grill not within the chamber.
  • the vibrating grill 36 disperses the granular material across the deck.
  • the air stream which passes up through the bars 38 of the deck lofts the lightweight paper 56 and entrains it in the flow of air.
  • the heavier plastic 54 slides through the bars and drops out the open end of the duct 22.
  • Table 2 summarizes the results of three tests which were run with twenty pound samples in the air density separator 20.
  • a shredded mixture of plastic and paper having a bulk density of 18.5 pounds per cubic foot was fed at a rate of fifteen hundred pounds per hour into the separation chamber, 5.8 percent of the material was recovered from the cyclone as paper and 94.2 percent was recovered from the bottom of the separation chamber and consisted of plastic.
  • test was run at feed rates of two thousand pounds per hour and twenty-five hundred pounds per hour. A slightly lesser amount of paper was recovered at the higher rates. It appears separation of the paper from the plastic is slightly less effective at higher rates. Visual inspection of the separated plastic and paper indicated that approximately ninety-five to ninety-eight percent of the paper was removed from the plastic and only zero to one percent of the plastic was lost with the removed paper.
  • the air density separator 20 inlet 40 does not require an air lock because of the relatively low velocity of the air.
  • the relatively small effect that openings in the wall 70 of the conduit 22 have on the stream is utilized to allow an oversize tray 72 to extend from the deck 62 of the grill 36 through the wall 74 opposite the inlet wall 70. Trash which has become included in the granular material 44 traverses the sloped grill 36 and exits the duct 22 on the chute 72 which directs the trash for collection in a reject bin 78, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the cyclone 28 uses centrifugal forces to separate the majority of the particulate material from the air stream.
  • the cyclone has an air lock 80 which allows the paper to be removed from the cyclone.
  • the air that is withdrawn from the cyclone passes through the fan and then into a bag house (not shown) where any residual dust is removed before venting to the atmosphere.
  • the low velocity air density separator 20 may employ a foraminous member of configuration other than a grill of narrow bars.
  • the foraminous member could be a vibrating screen, or a vibrating plate with holes punched therein.
  • the foraminous member could consist of an interdigitating bar screen with alternating bars oscillating one hundred eighty degrees out of phase with respect to adjacent bars.
  • separation chamber 24 of approximately 10 feet in height has been illustrated, the separation chamber may be shorter or longer.
  • the low velocity air density separator may be used to separate products other than shredded post-consumer plastic containers.
  • the density separator 20 has utility for separating dirt and sand from wood chips.
  • vibration is not limited to the vibratory action in a vertical plane produced by the solenoid arrangement shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 but encompasses vibrating in all planes and oscillatory motion such as employed by a bar screen.
  • the grill 36 could be caused to vibrate at other frequencies and other mechanisms for causing the vibration could be employed including a drive employing eccentric weights, cam followers on a crank shaft, piezoelectric actuators and systems caused to vibrate by high amplitude low frequency air pressure waves including sound waves.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
EP96630074A 1995-12-13 1996-12-06 Windsichter mit geringer Strömungsgeschwindigkeit Withdrawn EP0779109A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US571800 1990-08-23
US57180095A 1995-12-13 1995-12-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0779109A1 true EP0779109A1 (de) 1997-06-18

Family

ID=24285114

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96630074A Withdrawn EP0779109A1 (de) 1995-12-13 1996-12-06 Windsichter mit geringer Strömungsgeschwindigkeit

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0779109A1 (de)
JP (1) JPH09173982A (de)
CA (1) CA2192629A1 (de)
FI (1) FI964960A (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000071810A1 (de) * 1999-05-25 2000-11-30 U.T.G. Gesellschaft Für Umwelttechnik Gmbh Verfahren und einrichtung zur sortierung eines papiergemisches
WO2001036739A1 (de) * 1999-11-12 2001-05-25 Trienekens Ag Verfahren und einrichtung zur sortierung eines papiergemischs
CN104384104A (zh) * 2014-11-27 2015-03-04 宁波大发化纤有限公司 一种瓶片筛分的***
CN107362978A (zh) * 2016-05-12 2017-11-21 新疆隆平红安生物科技有限责任公司 一种双极沉降辣椒清选设备
RU2726692C1 (ru) * 2020-02-11 2020-07-15 Роман Геннадьевич Строителев Способ двухступенчатой пневматической сепарации зерновой смеси

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2200472A (en) * 1938-06-29 1940-05-14 Schering Corp Granular material separating machine
US2852137A (en) * 1956-06-05 1958-09-16 Commercial Mfg & Supply Co Raisin cleaner
US4280903A (en) * 1980-08-06 1981-07-28 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Apparatus for separating sand from botanical fines
US4299694A (en) * 1980-08-25 1981-11-10 The Direct Reduction Corporation Method and apparatus for char separation from the discharge materials of an iron oxide reducing kiln
DE3126585A1 (de) * 1981-07-06 1983-01-20 Rheinische Braunkohlenwerke AG, 5000 Köln Verfahren zum abtrennen von sand aus einem sandhaltigen, getrockneten braunkohlenhaufwerk
EP0615786A1 (de) * 1993-03-15 1994-09-21 Norsk Hydro A/S Vorrichtung zur Trennung von fluidisierfähigen Materialien aus nichtfluidisierfähigen Materialien
DE19508314A1 (de) * 1994-03-18 1995-09-21 Agency Ind Science Techn Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Sortieren von Festkörpern mit Hilfe eines Luftstroms

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2200472A (en) * 1938-06-29 1940-05-14 Schering Corp Granular material separating machine
US2852137A (en) * 1956-06-05 1958-09-16 Commercial Mfg & Supply Co Raisin cleaner
US4280903A (en) * 1980-08-06 1981-07-28 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Apparatus for separating sand from botanical fines
US4299694A (en) * 1980-08-25 1981-11-10 The Direct Reduction Corporation Method and apparatus for char separation from the discharge materials of an iron oxide reducing kiln
DE3126585A1 (de) * 1981-07-06 1983-01-20 Rheinische Braunkohlenwerke AG, 5000 Köln Verfahren zum abtrennen von sand aus einem sandhaltigen, getrockneten braunkohlenhaufwerk
EP0615786A1 (de) * 1993-03-15 1994-09-21 Norsk Hydro A/S Vorrichtung zur Trennung von fluidisierfähigen Materialien aus nichtfluidisierfähigen Materialien
DE19508314A1 (de) * 1994-03-18 1995-09-21 Agency Ind Science Techn Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Sortieren von Festkörpern mit Hilfe eines Luftstroms

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000071810A1 (de) * 1999-05-25 2000-11-30 U.T.G. Gesellschaft Für Umwelttechnik Gmbh Verfahren und einrichtung zur sortierung eines papiergemisches
WO2001036739A1 (de) * 1999-11-12 2001-05-25 Trienekens Ag Verfahren und einrichtung zur sortierung eines papiergemischs
CN104384104A (zh) * 2014-11-27 2015-03-04 宁波大发化纤有限公司 一种瓶片筛分的***
CN107362978A (zh) * 2016-05-12 2017-11-21 新疆隆平红安生物科技有限责任公司 一种双极沉降辣椒清选设备
RU2726692C1 (ru) * 2020-02-11 2020-07-15 Роман Геннадьевич Строителев Способ двухступенчатой пневматической сепарации зерновой смеси

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI964960A (fi) 1997-06-14
CA2192629A1 (en) 1997-06-14
FI964960A0 (fi) 1996-12-11
JPH09173982A (ja) 1997-07-08

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