EP0770317A1 - Electrical heating device - Google Patents

Electrical heating device

Info

Publication number
EP0770317A1
EP0770317A1 EP94929631A EP94929631A EP0770317A1 EP 0770317 A1 EP0770317 A1 EP 0770317A1 EP 94929631 A EP94929631 A EP 94929631A EP 94929631 A EP94929631 A EP 94929631A EP 0770317 A1 EP0770317 A1 EP 0770317A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
strips
panel
laid
electric current
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP94929631A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Aldo Stabile
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cadif SRL
Original Assignee
Cadif SRL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cadif SRL filed Critical Cadif SRL
Publication of EP0770317A1 publication Critical patent/EP0770317A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
    • F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
    • F24D13/022—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H05B3/262—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an insulated metal plate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

Definitions

  • Subject of the invention is an apparatus consisting of one or more continuous strips of conductive material, es- pecially copper, of constant width, their thickness being measurable in microns, with a high ratio between width and thickness, laid in lengths side by side with enough space between them for electrical insulation. Said strips are joined to two contacts that can be con- nected to a source of electricity, such as a main network.
  • the strips may be laid in the form of a serpentine or spirally or in some other way according to preference. Said strips can be produced by electroplating or can con ⁇ sist of thin metal sheets cut into strips and laid sub- stantially parallel to allow space for insulation.
  • the strips are laid on a panel of insulating or conducting material.
  • the panel is coated with an insulating layer.
  • the panel is made of anodized alumi- nium.
  • the panel may be flat or curved, rigid or flexible.
  • It may be fitted with means for fixing it to the surface of surrounding structures such as walls and ceilings.
  • the strips can be submergedin the structure of the building.
  • the ratio between the overall diffusing surface of the strips of conductive material and the power of electric current can be calculated so as to maintain maximum temperature of the strips to make pos ⁇ s i ble the use of supporting and coating materials which have low temperatures of combustion such as wood, cloth, paper, plastic material and others.
  • the invention offers evident advantages.
  • Heating commences almost immediately, uniform heat being given off by the surfaces created in the above manner.
  • the cost of the heating body is much less than that of other kinds of heaters at present in use. There is no need for a heat diffuser, normally essential, as heat is produced, emitted and spread by a single body. The source of heat is easily created whether this is a sheet cut in strips, bands of metal or made by electro ⁇ pla ing. Heating bodies may even be placed in direct contact with the structure to be heated, therefore requiring no ther ⁇ mal chain.
  • Fig.1 Radiator consisting of a flat panel with a serpen ⁇ tinewise conductor, front vie .
  • Fig.2 The same as Fig.1 seen from the side.
  • Fig.3 The same radiator when finished with a decorative covering .
  • Fig.4 Panel-type radiator with a spiral conductor, front view.
  • Fig.5 The same as Fig. 4 seen from the side.
  • the radiator 10 contains a panel 11 of aluminium with an anodized layer 12.
  • the copper strip 13 of constant thick ⁇ ness and width, is laid on said layer. Thickness is measurable in microns.
  • Said strip forms the serpentine 14 whose lengths are placed side by side and separated by a space 15 equivalent to that required for electrical insulation.
  • the ends 16 and 17 of the serpentine are connected to the contacts 18 and 19 and through them to the main electri ⁇ city network by means of wiring 35 and a plug 36. On closing the circuit electric current in the serpentine is transformed into heat but avoiding the concentration that would produce very high emperatures.
  • the large surface area spreads warmth throughout the environment without any necessity for a heat diffuser.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates how the panel can be finished with a cloth covering 40.
  • Figures ** and 5 illustrate a different version 20 com ⁇ prising the aluminium panel 21 and an anodized layer 22.
  • the strip 23 forms the square spiral 24 with its several turns separated one from another by sufficient space 25 for electrical insulation.
  • the ends 26 and 27 of the spiral are joined to contacts 28 and 29 for connection to the main source of electri ⁇ city through the wiring 30 and plug 31.

Abstract

Apparatus (10) for transforming electric current into heat and for diffusing said heat, consisting of one or more continuous strips (13) of highly conductive material, of constant width, whose thickness is measurable in microns, with a high ratio between width and thickness, arranged in the form of a serpentine (14) on a flat, rigid panel (11) made of aluminium with an anodized layer (12).

Description

Electrical heating device.
Innumerable means exist for generating heat by electric current .
These means are based on the use of highly resistant materials which reach high temperatures when electric current is passed through them thereby creating a great concentra ion of heat.
The temperatures so reached are nearly always much grea¬ ter than those actually needed at the point of use. Costly and complex heat diffusers are therefore required involving very considerable differences of temperature. The high temperatures in the conducting parts necessitate means of support made of special materials, such as ce¬ ramic and the like, as well as complex but fragile insu- lating and covering structures.
Such high temperatures rapidly wear out the apparatus while the level of efficiency compared with a direct use of fuel is very low. When allowance is also made for the considerable expense of highly resistant materials it follows that high costs are incurred in purchasing and operating a heating system- Purpose of the present invention is to transform electric energy into heat by means of simple and practical struc¬ tures and also to reduce manufacturing and running costs as will be explained below.
Subject of the invention is an apparatus consisting of one or more continuous strips of conductive material, es- pecially copper, of constant width, their thickness being measurable in microns, with a high ratio between width and thickness, laid in lengths side by side with enough space between them for electrical insulation. Said strips are joined to two contacts that can be con- nected to a source of electricity, such as a main network. The strips may be laid in the form of a serpentine or spirally or in some other way according to preference. Said strips can be produced by electroplating or can con¬ sist of thin metal sheets cut into strips and laid sub- stantially parallel to allow space for insulation.
Preferably the strips are laid on a panel of insulating or conducting material. In the latter case the panel is coated with an insulating layer. In a preferred type the panel is made of anodized alumi- nium.
The panel may be flat or curved, rigid or flexible.
It may be fitted with means for fixing it to the surface of surrounding structures such as walls and ceilings.
The strips can be submergedin the structure of the building.
Advantages are gained if the ratio between the overall diffusing surface of the strips of conductive material and the power of electric current can be calculated so as to maintain maximum temperature of the strips to make pos¬ sible the use of supporting and coating materials which have low temperatures of combustion such as wood, cloth, paper, plastic material and others.
The invention offers evident advantages.
Heating commences almost immediately, uniform heat being given off by the surfaces created in the above manner.
The cost of the heating body is much less than that of other kinds of heaters at present in use. There is no need for a heat diffuser, normally essential, as heat is produced, emitted and spread by a single body. The source of heat is easily created whether this is a sheet cut in strips, bands of metal or made by electro¬ pla ing. Heating bodies may even be placed in direct contact with the structure to be heated, therefore requiring no ther¬ mal chain.
In types that utilize transformed current with an increase in intensity, the lower voltage makes for greater safety. The use of supporting and coating materials such as wood, cloth, paper, plastic material offers exceptional advan¬ tages as regards costs, variety of uses and the practical and aesthetic effects obtainable.
Characteristics and purposes of the invention will be made still clearer by the following examples of its exe¬ cution illustrated by diagrammat ical ly drawn figures. Fig.1 Radiator consisting of a flat panel with a serpen¬ tinewise conductor, front vie . Fig.2 The same as Fig.1 seen from the side.
Fig.3 The same radiator when finished with a decorative covering . Fig.4 Panel-type radiator with a spiral conductor, front view. Fig.5 The same as Fig. 4 seen from the side.
The radiator 10 contains a panel 11 of aluminium with an anodized layer 12. The copper strip 13 of constant thick¬ ness and width, is laid on said layer. Thickness is measurable in microns.
Said strip forms the serpentine 14 whose lengths are placed side by side and separated by a space 15 equivalent to that required for electrical insulation.
The ends 16 and 17 of the serpentine are connected to the contacts 18 and 19 and through them to the main electri¬ city network by means of wiring 35 and a plug 36. On closing the circuit electric current in the serpentine is transformed into heat but avoiding the concentration that would produce very high emperatures.
The large surface area spreads warmth throughout the environment without any necessity for a heat diffuser.
Fig. 3 illustrates how the panel can be finished with a cloth covering 40.
Figures ** and 5 illustrate a different version 20 com¬ prising the aluminium panel 21 and an anodized layer 22. The strip 23 forms the square spiral 24 with its several turns separated one from another by sufficient space 25 for electrical insulation.
The ends 26 and 27 of the spiral are joined to contacts 28 and 29 for connection to the main source of electri¬ city through the wiring 30 and plug 31.
The effects are similar to those obtained with the radia¬ tor shown in Figures 1 and 2.

Claims

C l a i m s
1. Apparatus ( 10,20) for transforming electric current into heat and for diffusing it characterized in that it is formed of one or more con- tinuous strips ( 13,23) of conductive material, of con¬ stant width, whose thickness is measureable in microns, with a high ratio between width and thickness, laid in lengths side by side sufficiently spaced one from another for ensuring electrical insulation ( 15,25) terminating in two contacts ( 18, 19) (28,29) that can be connected up to a source of electric current.
2. Apparatus ( 10,20) as in claim 1, characterized in that the strips ( 13,23) are of copper.
3. Apparatus ( 10,) as in claim 1, characterized in that the strips ( 13) are laid in the form of a serpentine ( 14).
4. Apparatus (20) as in claim 1, characterized in that the strips (23) are laid in the form of a spiral (24).
5. Apparatus ( 10,20) as in claim 1, characterized in that the strips ( 13,23) are obtained by electroplating.
6. Apparatus ( 10) as in claim 1, characterized in that the strips ( 13) are cut from thin metal sheets laid substantially parallel in such a way that spaces ( 15) for electrical insulation are created between one strip and another.
7. Apparatus ( 10,20) as in claim 1, characterized in that the strips ( 13,27) are supported by a panel ( 11).
8. Apparatus ( 10,20) as in claim 7, characterized in that the panel ( 11) is of metal coated with a layer ( 12) of insulating material.
9. Apparatus ( 10,20) as in claim 7, characterized in that the panel ( 1-1,21) is made of ano¬ dized aluminium.
10. Apparatus as in claim 7, characterized in that the panel is made of insulating material .
11. Apparatus i 10i 20) as in claim 7, characterized in that the panel ( 11,21) is flat.
12. Apparatus as in claim 7 charac erized in that the panel { s curved.
13. Apparatus as in claim 7 characterized in that the panel ( 11,21) may be rigid or flexible as the case requires.
14. Apparatus ( 10,20) as in claim 7 characterized in that the panel ( 11,21) has means for fixing it to the surfaces of environmental structures such as walls and ceilings.
15. Apparatus as in claim 1, characterized in that the strips ( 13,27) are submerged in the structure of the building.
16. Apparatus ( 10) as in claim 1, characterized in that the ratio between the total dif¬ fusing surface of the strips ( 13) of conductive material and the power of electric current is calculated ao as to maintain maximum temperature of the strips ( 13) at a level that will also permit the use of supporting and coating materials (40) combustion of which takes place at low temperatures such as wood, cloth paper, plastic material and others with consequent advantages as regards costs, variety of uses and in the practical and aesthetic effects obtainable.
EP94929631A 1994-07-14 1994-10-12 Electrical heating device Ceased EP0770317A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMI941461 1994-07-14
ITMI941461A IT1271660B (en) 1994-07-14 1994-07-14 APPARATUS FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF ELECTRICITY INTO HEAT
PCT/IT1994/000168 WO1996003013A1 (en) 1994-07-14 1994-10-12 Electrical heating device

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0770317A1 true EP0770317A1 (en) 1997-05-02

Family

ID=11369269

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94929631A Ceased EP0770317A1 (en) 1994-07-14 1994-10-12 Electrical heating device

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0770317A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH10502764A (en)
AU (1) AU7862094A (en)
CA (1) CA2194757A1 (en)
IT (1) IT1271660B (en)
WO (1) WO1996003013A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6704497B2 (en) 1995-09-07 2004-03-09 Bar-Keser Project Management Initiatives And Economic Consultants (1991) Ltd. Electric heating devices and elements
IT1276970B1 (en) * 1995-10-20 1997-11-03 Cadif Srl PANELS FOR ELECTRIC HEATING OF ENVIRONMENTS WITH FALSE CEILING
IT1281333B1 (en) * 1995-11-03 1998-02-18 Cadif Srl PROCEDURE FOR THE GENERATION OF HOT AIR BY RADIATION FROM THE TRANSFORMATION OF ELECTRIC ENERGY DIRECTLY INTO DIFFUSED HEAT
IT1296591B1 (en) * 1997-11-27 1999-07-14 Cadif Srl DIFFUSED HEAT ELECTRIC HEATING SYSTEM FOR VESSELS
ITMI20011454A1 (en) * 2001-07-09 2003-01-09 Cadif Srl POLYMER BITUME BASED PLANT AND TAPE PROCEDURE FOR SURFACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEATING OF STRUCTURES AND INFRASTRUCTURES
FR2835144B1 (en) * 2002-01-24 2004-11-19 Aes Laboratoire DEVICE FOR REGULATING THE TEMPERATURE OF A LIQUID PRE-ENRICHMENT SOLUTION CONTAINING SAMPLES OF CONSUMER PRODUCTS TO BE MICROBIOLOGICALLY ANALYZED
ITMI20022146A1 (en) * 2002-10-10 2004-04-11 Cadif Srl SYSTEM FOR BELT HEATING OF BUILDINGS ED
GB2500733B (en) * 2012-06-25 2014-05-21 Jemella Ltd Hair styling appliance
GB201211253D0 (en) 2012-06-25 2012-08-08 Jemella Ltd Hair dryer
GB2505171A (en) 2012-08-20 2014-02-26 Jemella Ltd A hair styling apparatus with a resiliently flexible portion
GB2508590C (en) 2012-12-03 2021-05-05 Jemella Ltd Hair styling apparatus

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1138132A (en) * 1954-12-22 1957-06-11 Saint Gobain Electric resistance heater
US3214565A (en) * 1963-01-30 1965-10-26 Armstrong Cork Co Ceiling tile adapted for electrical heating and sound absorption
US3805023A (en) * 1972-03-31 1974-04-16 Horizons Inc Electrical heating device having metal depositions: in a porous anodized metal layer
FR2265243A1 (en) * 1974-03-20 1975-10-17 Privas Yves Radiation heating element for e.g. cooking - has thin metal heating circuit on a thin insulating layer
DE2534813A1 (en) * 1975-08-05 1977-02-10 Braun Ag Heating element for household appliances - has heating conductors on glass ceramic support electroplated to desired thickness
NO154678C (en) * 1984-07-13 1986-11-26 Standard Tel Kabelfab As ELECTRIC HEAT FILM AND PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING THEM.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9603013A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1996003013A1 (en) 1996-02-01
JPH10502764A (en) 1998-03-10
IT1271660B (en) 1997-06-04
ITMI941461A0 (en) 1994-07-14
CA2194757A1 (en) 1996-02-01
ITMI941461A1 (en) 1996-01-14
AU7862094A (en) 1996-02-16

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