CA2194757A1 - Electrical heating device - Google Patents
Electrical heating deviceInfo
- Publication number
- CA2194757A1 CA2194757A1 CA002194757A CA2194757A CA2194757A1 CA 2194757 A1 CA2194757 A1 CA 2194757A1 CA 002194757 A CA002194757 A CA 002194757A CA 2194757 A CA2194757 A CA 2194757A CA 2194757 A1 CA2194757 A1 CA 2194757A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- strips
- panel
- heat
- laid
- electric current
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title description 4
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010210 aluminium Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
- F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
- F24D13/022—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
- H05B3/262—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an insulated metal plate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
- H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
Abstract
Apparatus (10) for transforming electric current into heat and for diffusing said heat, consisting of one or more continuous strips (13) of highly conductive material, of constant width, whose thickness is measurable in microns, with a high ratio between width and thickness, arranged in the form of a serpentine (14) on a flat, rigid panel (11) made of aluminium with an anodized layer (12).
Description
. i 21 94757 Apparatus for transforming electric energy into heat Innumerable means exist for generating heat by electric current.
These means are based on the use of highly resistant materials which reach high temperatures when electric current is passed through them thereby creating a great concentration of heat.
The temperatures so reached are nearly always much grea-ter than those actually needed at the point of use.
Costly and complex heat diffusers are therefore required involving very considerable differences of temperature.
The hi8h ~emperatures in the conducting parts necessicate means of support made of special materials, such as ce-ramic and the Like, as weLl as complex but fragile insu-lating and covering structures.Such high temperatures rapidly wear out the apparatus while the level or efficiency compared with a direct use of fuel is very low.
~ 2 - 2194757 ~in~n allowance is also made for the consider2ble e~pense of highly resist2nt ~aterials it follows th2t high costs 2re incurred in purch2sing 2nd operating a he2ting system.
The prior patent DE-A-25 12 297 discloses an apparatus for transforming elec-tric current into heat, consisting of a continuous strip of conductive material supported by a panel of insulating material such as fiberglass and plastic ma-terials and, in all cases, by a panel of low electric and heat conductivity.
The prior patent FR A 1 138 132 discloses a spiral arrangement,on a sheet of glass, of an element that generates heat when electric current is passed l O throùgh it.
This insulating support has no function concerning energy as by its very nature it cannot increase diffusion of heat which entirely depends on a high ratio between amplitude in width and length of the strip and its thickness which is measured in microns.
The prior patent US A 3 214 565 discloses a generator of heat from electric - - curren~ consisting of a very thin sheet of copper cut in the form of a serpentine supported by a flat body of acoustic and thermal insulating material.
The prior patent US A 3 805 023 discloses electric element in tape form sunk in a laminated structure between two plates of insulating material.
The prior patent US A 4 650 960 discloses processes to obtain sheets for ma-king electric elements substantially formed of the metals generally used in suchcases: nickel, cobalt, chrome and the like.
All the disclosures described above clearly relate to electric heating systems using electric elements of great thickness or extremely thin, measured in mi-crons, supported by plates or insulating means which are non-conductive either of electricity or of heat.
Where the electric heating elements are very thin with a high size-thickness ra-tio, heat is diffused in the environment with a lesser dimensional and thermal difference than occurs in the case of thicker elements.
,o The heat generated by passage of electric current is therefore diffused in the environment with advantages both in efficiency and in cost of heaters as these heating elements do not need expensive insulating supports to withstand high temperatures.
21 q475~
~, - 3 -This phenomenon of diffusion and its related advantages are, howe~er, limited and can only serve for certain applications, there being no possibility of a uni-versal utilization.
Purpose of this present invention is to secure a great increase in this phenome-5 non of diffusion of heat in the environment as soon as said heat is created, ma-king possible innumerable applications, exploiting the synergy created between a metal lamina and a sheet of high electric conductibility, such as copper, for example, placed in close thermal contact with the sole interposition of an ex-tremely thin sheet of electric, but not thermal, insulating material.
10 This purpose is achieved in the most effective way possible, especially if ex-ecuted according to this present invention, as will be fully explained, consisting of a strip of copper deposited by electro-plating on a panel of anodized alumin-ium.
Subject of the invention is an 2ppar2tus consisting of one or more continuous strips of conductive m2teri21, es-pecially copper, of constant width, their thickness being measurable in microns, with 2 high ratio between width and thickness, 12id in lengths side by side ~tith enough space between them for electrical insulation on a metal 2G panel with interposition of an electrically insulating layer Said strips are joined co two contacts that can be con-nected to a source of electricity, such as a main network.
The strips may be 12id in the form of a serpentine or spirally or in some other t~ay according to preference.
These means are based on the use of highly resistant materials which reach high temperatures when electric current is passed through them thereby creating a great concentration of heat.
The temperatures so reached are nearly always much grea-ter than those actually needed at the point of use.
Costly and complex heat diffusers are therefore required involving very considerable differences of temperature.
The hi8h ~emperatures in the conducting parts necessicate means of support made of special materials, such as ce-ramic and the Like, as weLl as complex but fragile insu-lating and covering structures.Such high temperatures rapidly wear out the apparatus while the level or efficiency compared with a direct use of fuel is very low.
~ 2 - 2194757 ~in~n allowance is also made for the consider2ble e~pense of highly resist2nt ~aterials it follows th2t high costs 2re incurred in purch2sing 2nd operating a he2ting system.
The prior patent DE-A-25 12 297 discloses an apparatus for transforming elec-tric current into heat, consisting of a continuous strip of conductive material supported by a panel of insulating material such as fiberglass and plastic ma-terials and, in all cases, by a panel of low electric and heat conductivity.
The prior patent FR A 1 138 132 discloses a spiral arrangement,on a sheet of glass, of an element that generates heat when electric current is passed l O throùgh it.
This insulating support has no function concerning energy as by its very nature it cannot increase diffusion of heat which entirely depends on a high ratio between amplitude in width and length of the strip and its thickness which is measured in microns.
The prior patent US A 3 214 565 discloses a generator of heat from electric - - curren~ consisting of a very thin sheet of copper cut in the form of a serpentine supported by a flat body of acoustic and thermal insulating material.
The prior patent US A 3 805 023 discloses electric element in tape form sunk in a laminated structure between two plates of insulating material.
The prior patent US A 4 650 960 discloses processes to obtain sheets for ma-king electric elements substantially formed of the metals generally used in suchcases: nickel, cobalt, chrome and the like.
All the disclosures described above clearly relate to electric heating systems using electric elements of great thickness or extremely thin, measured in mi-crons, supported by plates or insulating means which are non-conductive either of electricity or of heat.
Where the electric heating elements are very thin with a high size-thickness ra-tio, heat is diffused in the environment with a lesser dimensional and thermal difference than occurs in the case of thicker elements.
,o The heat generated by passage of electric current is therefore diffused in the environment with advantages both in efficiency and in cost of heaters as these heating elements do not need expensive insulating supports to withstand high temperatures.
21 q475~
~, - 3 -This phenomenon of diffusion and its related advantages are, howe~er, limited and can only serve for certain applications, there being no possibility of a uni-versal utilization.
Purpose of this present invention is to secure a great increase in this phenome-5 non of diffusion of heat in the environment as soon as said heat is created, ma-king possible innumerable applications, exploiting the synergy created between a metal lamina and a sheet of high electric conductibility, such as copper, for example, placed in close thermal contact with the sole interposition of an ex-tremely thin sheet of electric, but not thermal, insulating material.
10 This purpose is achieved in the most effective way possible, especially if ex-ecuted according to this present invention, as will be fully explained, consisting of a strip of copper deposited by electro-plating on a panel of anodized alumin-ium.
Subject of the invention is an 2ppar2tus consisting of one or more continuous strips of conductive m2teri21, es-pecially copper, of constant width, their thickness being measurable in microns, with 2 high ratio between width and thickness, 12id in lengths side by side ~tith enough space between them for electrical insulation on a metal 2G panel with interposition of an electrically insulating layer Said strips are joined co two contacts that can be con-nected to a source of electricity, such as a main network.
The strips may be 12id in the form of a serpentine or spirally or in some other t~ay according to preference.
2; Said strips can be produced by electroplating or can con-sist of thin met21 sheets cut into strips and laid sub-.. st2ntially parallel to allow sp2ce for insul2tion.
:n a p.efe-red cype che panel is made of anodi.ed 21u~i-I i U:i~ .
;5 he panel m2~ be '12c or curved, rigid or fle:;ible.c ~a- be i~ced w th means ror ri~ing it to cne surface f su.roundi..- scruccures such as walls and ceilings.
The scrips c2n be submereedin ~he structure of the buildin~.
~dvantages 2re 8ained if the ratio bet.~een the over211 difrusir.g surcace oc the strips of conduccive m2teri21 2nd the po~er of electric current czn be c21culated so as to 5 m2int2in m2ximum temperature of the strips to rn2~e pos- - -sible the use of supporting 2nd c02ting materials which have low temperatures of combustion such as wood, cloth, paper, pl2stic m2terial and others.
The invention offers evident 2dv2ntages.
0 Heating commences almost immedi2tely, uniform heat being given off by the surfaces created in the above manner.
The cost of the heating body is much less than that of other kinds of heaters at present in use.
There is no need for a heat diffuser, normally essential, as heat is produced, emitted 2nd spre2d by a single body.
The source of heat is easily created whether this is a sheet cut in strips, bands of metal or made by electro-pl2ting.
He2ting bodies may even be plzced in direct contact with 2C the structure to be heated, therefore requiring no ther-mal chain.
In types thzt utilize transformed current with 2n increase in intensity, the lower voltage makes for greater safety.
Ch2racceriscics 2nd purposes of che invention will be 75 m2de scill clearer by the following e~zmples of its e:~e-cucion illuscr2ted by di2gr2mmatic211y dra~n figures.
Fig.l ~2ciator consis~ing or a flac p2nel with 2 serpen-cine-.~ise conduccor, ,ront view.
Fig.~ Tne scme 2s Fig.l seen .rom che side.
30 ~ig.3 T;ne same r2diatcr ~~ne-.. .inisned wic~, a decor2cive coverlng.
i: ~ 2 1 94757 - 5 _ Fig.4 Pznel-type rzdi2tor with 2 spirzl conductor, front view.
Fig.5 The szme as Fig. 4 seen from the side.
The r2diator l0 contains 2 p2nel ll of aluminium with 2n 2nodized 12yer l2. The copper strip l3 of constznt thick-ness 2nd width, is laid on szid layer.
Thickness is measur2ble in microns.
S2id strip forms the serpentine l4 whose lengths 2re pl2ced side by side 2nd separated by a space 15 equivalent to th2t required for electric21 insulation.
The ends l6 znd l7 of the serpentine are connected to the cont2cts IS and l9 and through them to the main electri-city network by me2ns of wiring 35 and a plug 36.
On closing the circuit electric current in the serpentine is tr2nsformed into he2t but avoiding the concentration that would produce very high temperatures.
The 12rge surfzce are2 spreads warmth throughout the environment without any necessity for a he2t diffuser.
Fig. 3 illustrates how the p2nel c2n be fir.ished with a cloth covering 40.
Figures ~ znd S illustr2te 2 different version 20 com-prising the 21uminium p2nel 21 2nd 2n ~nodized 12yer 22.
The strip 23 forms the square spir21 2/l wi~h i~s several turns sep2r2~ed one from 2no~her by sufficienc s?2ce 25 for elec~rical insul2~ion.
The ends 26 and 27 of che spir2L zre joinec co conc2c~s 2S 2nd 2C tor connec~ion to ~he m2in source CL eLec~ri-city through ~he ~viring 30 and plug 31.
The e~fec~s are similar ~o those obt2ined with ~he radiz-tor shcwn in Figures 1 2nd 2.
:n a p.efe-red cype che panel is made of anodi.ed 21u~i-I i U:i~ .
;5 he panel m2~ be '12c or curved, rigid or fle:;ible.c ~a- be i~ced w th means ror ri~ing it to cne surface f su.roundi..- scruccures such as walls and ceilings.
The scrips c2n be submereedin ~he structure of the buildin~.
~dvantages 2re 8ained if the ratio bet.~een the over211 difrusir.g surcace oc the strips of conduccive m2teri21 2nd the po~er of electric current czn be c21culated so as to 5 m2int2in m2ximum temperature of the strips to rn2~e pos- - -sible the use of supporting 2nd c02ting materials which have low temperatures of combustion such as wood, cloth, paper, pl2stic m2terial and others.
The invention offers evident 2dv2ntages.
0 Heating commences almost immedi2tely, uniform heat being given off by the surfaces created in the above manner.
The cost of the heating body is much less than that of other kinds of heaters at present in use.
There is no need for a heat diffuser, normally essential, as heat is produced, emitted 2nd spre2d by a single body.
The source of heat is easily created whether this is a sheet cut in strips, bands of metal or made by electro-pl2ting.
He2ting bodies may even be plzced in direct contact with 2C the structure to be heated, therefore requiring no ther-mal chain.
In types thzt utilize transformed current with 2n increase in intensity, the lower voltage makes for greater safety.
Ch2racceriscics 2nd purposes of che invention will be 75 m2de scill clearer by the following e~zmples of its e:~e-cucion illuscr2ted by di2gr2mmatic211y dra~n figures.
Fig.l ~2ciator consis~ing or a flac p2nel with 2 serpen-cine-.~ise conduccor, ,ront view.
Fig.~ Tne scme 2s Fig.l seen .rom che side.
30 ~ig.3 T;ne same r2diatcr ~~ne-.. .inisned wic~, a decor2cive coverlng.
i: ~ 2 1 94757 - 5 _ Fig.4 Pznel-type rzdi2tor with 2 spirzl conductor, front view.
Fig.5 The szme as Fig. 4 seen from the side.
The r2diator l0 contains 2 p2nel ll of aluminium with 2n 2nodized 12yer l2. The copper strip l3 of constznt thick-ness 2nd width, is laid on szid layer.
Thickness is measur2ble in microns.
S2id strip forms the serpentine l4 whose lengths 2re pl2ced side by side 2nd separated by a space 15 equivalent to th2t required for electric21 insulation.
The ends l6 znd l7 of the serpentine are connected to the cont2cts IS and l9 and through them to the main electri-city network by me2ns of wiring 35 and a plug 36.
On closing the circuit electric current in the serpentine is tr2nsformed into he2t but avoiding the concentration that would produce very high temperatures.
The 12rge surfzce are2 spreads warmth throughout the environment without any necessity for a he2t diffuser.
Fig. 3 illustrates how the p2nel c2n be fir.ished with a cloth covering 40.
Figures ~ znd S illustr2te 2 different version 20 com-prising the 21uminium p2nel 21 2nd 2n ~nodized 12yer 22.
The strip 23 forms the square spir21 2/l wi~h i~s several turns sep2r2~ed one from 2no~her by sufficienc s?2ce 25 for elec~rical insul2~ion.
The ends 26 and 27 of che spir2L zre joinec co conc2c~s 2S 2nd 2C tor connec~ion to ~he m2in source CL eLec~ri-city through ~he ~viring 30 and plug 31.
The e~fec~s are similar ~o those obt2ined with ~he radiz-tor shcwn in Figures 1 2nd 2.
Claims (11)
1. Apparatus for transforming electric current into heat and for diffusing it characterized in that it is formed of one or more continuous strips of conductive material, of constant width, whose thickness is measureable in microns, with a high ratio between width and thickness, laid in lengths side by side sufficiently spaced one from another for ensuring electrical insulation on a metal lamina with interposition of a layer of electrically insulating material terminating in two contacts that can be connected up to a source of electric current.
2. Apparatus as in claim 1, characterized in that the strips are of copper.
3. Apparatus as in claim 1, characterized in that the strips are laid in the form of a serpentine.
4. Apparatus as in claim 1, characterized in that the strips are laid in the form of a spiral.
5. Apparatus as in claim 1, characterized in that the strips are obtained by electroplating.
6. Apparatus as in claim 1, characterized in that the strips are cut from thin metal sheets laid substantially parallel in such a way that spaces for electrical insulation are created between one strip and another.
7. Apparatus as in claim 1, characterized in that the panel is made of anodized aluminium.
8. Apparatus as in claim 1, characterized in that the panel is flat.
9. Apparatus as in claim 1, characterized in that the panel is curved.
10. Apparatus as in claim 1, characterized in that the panel may be rigid or flexible as the case requires.
11. Apparatus as in claim 1, characterized in that the panel has means for fixing it to the surfaces of environmental structures such as walls and ceilings.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITMI94A001461 | 1994-07-14 | ||
| ITMI941461A IT1271660B (en) | 1994-07-14 | 1994-07-14 | APPARATUS FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF ELECTRICITY INTO HEAT |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2194757A1 true CA2194757A1 (en) | 1996-02-01 |
Family
ID=11369269
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002194757A Abandoned CA2194757A1 (en) | 1994-07-14 | 1994-10-12 | Electrical heating device |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0770317A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH10502764A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU7862094A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2194757A1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1271660B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996003013A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6704497B2 (en) | 1995-09-07 | 2004-03-09 | Bar-Keser Project Management Initiatives And Economic Consultants (1991) Ltd. | Electric heating devices and elements |
| IT1276970B1 (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1997-11-03 | Cadif Srl | PANELS FOR ELECTRIC HEATING OF ENVIRONMENTS WITH FALSE CEILING |
| IT1281333B1 (en) * | 1995-11-03 | 1998-02-18 | Cadif Srl | PROCEDURE FOR THE GENERATION OF HOT AIR BY RADIATION FROM THE TRANSFORMATION OF ELECTRIC ENERGY DIRECTLY INTO DIFFUSED HEAT |
| IT1296591B1 (en) * | 1997-11-27 | 1999-07-14 | Cadif Srl | DIFFUSED HEAT ELECTRIC HEATING SYSTEM FOR VESSELS |
| ITMI20011454A1 (en) * | 2001-07-09 | 2003-01-09 | Cadif Srl | POLYMER BITUME BASED PLANT AND TAPE PROCEDURE FOR SURFACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEATING OF STRUCTURES AND INFRASTRUCTURES |
| FR2835144B1 (en) * | 2002-01-24 | 2004-11-19 | Aes Laboratoire | DEVICE FOR REGULATING THE TEMPERATURE OF A LIQUID PRE-ENRICHMENT SOLUTION CONTAINING SAMPLES OF CONSUMER PRODUCTS TO BE MICROBIOLOGICALLY ANALYZED |
| ITMI20022146A1 (en) * | 2002-10-10 | 2004-04-11 | Cadif Srl | SYSTEM FOR BELT HEATING OF BUILDINGS ED |
| GB2500733B (en) | 2012-06-25 | 2014-05-21 | Jemella Ltd | Hair styling appliance |
| GB201211253D0 (en) | 2012-06-25 | 2012-08-08 | Jemella Ltd | Hair dryer |
| GB2505171A (en) | 2012-08-20 | 2014-02-26 | Jemella Ltd | A hair styling apparatus with a resiliently flexible portion |
| GB2555310B (en) | 2012-12-03 | 2018-07-18 | Jemella Ltd | Hair styling apparatus |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1138132A (en) * | 1954-12-22 | 1957-06-11 | Saint Gobain | Electric resistance heater |
| US3214565A (en) * | 1963-01-30 | 1965-10-26 | Armstrong Cork Co | Ceiling tile adapted for electrical heating and sound absorption |
| US3805023A (en) * | 1972-03-31 | 1974-04-16 | Horizons Inc | Electrical heating device having metal depositions: in a porous anodized metal layer |
| FR2265243A1 (en) * | 1974-03-20 | 1975-10-17 | Privas Yves | Radiation heating element for e.g. cooking - has thin metal heating circuit on a thin insulating layer |
| DE2534813A1 (en) * | 1975-08-05 | 1977-02-10 | Braun Ag | Heating element for household appliances - has heating conductors on glass ceramic support electroplated to desired thickness |
| NO154678C (en) * | 1984-07-13 | 1986-11-26 | Standard Tel Kabelfab As | ELECTRIC HEAT FILM AND PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING THEM. |
-
1994
- 1994-07-14 IT ITMI941461A patent/IT1271660B/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-10-12 EP EP94929631A patent/EP0770317A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-10-12 CA CA002194757A patent/CA2194757A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-10-12 JP JP8504866A patent/JPH10502764A/en active Pending
- 1994-10-12 AU AU78620/94A patent/AU7862094A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-10-12 WO PCT/IT1994/000168 patent/WO1996003013A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH10502764A (en) | 1998-03-10 |
| EP0770317A1 (en) | 1997-05-02 |
| IT1271660B (en) | 1997-06-04 |
| ITMI941461A0 (en) | 1994-07-14 |
| ITMI941461A1 (en) | 1996-01-14 |
| AU7862094A (en) | 1996-02-16 |
| WO1996003013A1 (en) | 1996-02-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |