EP0770306A1 - Procede et dispositif pour le traitement d'une image video - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour le traitement d'une image video

Info

Publication number
EP0770306A1
EP0770306A1 EP96914995A EP96914995A EP0770306A1 EP 0770306 A1 EP0770306 A1 EP 0770306A1 EP 96914995 A EP96914995 A EP 96914995A EP 96914995 A EP96914995 A EP 96914995A EP 0770306 A1 EP0770306 A1 EP 0770306A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
video
video image
pixels
image
line
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP96914995A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christhard Deter
Dieter Hubrich
Olaf Kotowski
Dirk Löffler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schneider Laser Technologies AG
Original Assignee
LDT GmbH and Co Laser Display Technologie KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LDT GmbH and Co Laser Display Technologie KG filed Critical LDT GmbH and Co Laser Display Technologie KG
Publication of EP0770306A1 publication Critical patent/EP0770306A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/01—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level
    • H04N7/0135—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level involving interpolation processes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/01—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/01—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level
    • H04N7/0125—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level one of the standards being a high definition standard

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for preparing a first video image with pixels in mi lines, the pixels of which in the left line each have an intensity I ⁇ (t,) as a function of a parameter t, in particular the time, for generating a second video image with m 2 lines.
  • the invention further relates to a device for processing a first video image with pixels in mi lines, the pixels of which each have an intensity I 1 (t, 1.) In the l th line as a function of a parameter t, in particular the time Generation of the pixels of a second video image with m 2 lines.
  • the color transforms of a color signal are used to transmit additional information for a 16 to 9 picture.
  • the reception is also possible with a conventional receiver, so that investments are only necessary on the consumer side if the better image quality is to be received.
  • DE 38 19 253 Cl describes the transmission of additional information, but here on a high-frequency carrier in sidebands.
  • DE 33 44 524 the luminance signal is provided with additional information content.
  • the object of the invention is to find a method and to create a corresponding device which enables an increased image resolution with high image quality for video images, the device also being distinguished above all by a simple structure.
  • the partial task specified for the method is solved in that the respective intensity I 2 (t, 1) of a pixel in the l 2 th line of the second video image is interpolated from the intensities of the pixels of the first video image I ⁇ (t, li) where the I 2 according to the relationship:
  • the method provides for an interpolation between the lines of the first video picture to generate the second video picture.
  • interpolations are generally as follows:
  • the intensity I 2 to be determined of an image point of the second video image is thus interpolated from the intensities li of the image points of the first video image that are adjacent in terms of image with the aid of weight variables g.
  • Mathematics provides a wide variety of interpolation methods. The best known is linear interpolation, in which the interpolation value is determined as a function value on a straight line through the two neighboring values.
  • Equation 1 allows conclusions to be drawn about the processing of the information.
  • a Fourier transformation of this equation shows that the frequency-related information in the intensities li through g is weighted differently in terms of its amplitudes depending on the frequencies that occur. The different weighting depends on the choice of weight sizes g, i.e. on the type of interpolation. If weight sizes g are selected, which on the other hand raise the low-frequency component very strongly, an image of lower resolution is created. With weight quantities g, which increase the high-frequency component considerably, the resolution is improved, but the noise also increases disproportionately, since the signal to noise ratio at high frequencies is less favorable with conventional video images than at low frequencies.
  • the weight sizes g are selected such that all frequencies of the first video image contribute equally in terms of frequency.
  • the weighting contained in 1. 0 over a sin (x) / x dependency describes a rectangular distribution in the Fourier representation. All transmitted frequencies are therefore weighted equally, the information content is not changed.
  • the method according to the invention therefore achieves exactly the maximum resolution which is contained as information in the first video image without the noise being raised. This is the optimal solution.
  • the weight quantities used in the method according to the invention are applied to a jump in intensity from 0 to 1 between two pixels, it is found that there is an interpolated value for the intensity of 0.45 for one pixel in the second video image between the pixels, while a pure linear interpolation would give the value 0.5. So the difference between the results is very small. Therefore it is not a priori to be expected that the invention Method compared to linear interpolation gives a significant improvement.
  • the person skilled in the art would perhaps reject the method according to the invention as being too complicated because of the sinus function occurring, and would even find it disadvantageous that negative and therefore unphysical intensities can be obtained due to the sinus function, which are however set to zero in the method according to the invention.
  • the method according to the invention also teaches how to deal with negative total values so that they do not pose any major problems.
  • the negative values are partially or completely eliminated by adding an offset ⁇ and / or by then setting remaining negative values for the second video image to zero. Preferred options for selecting the offset are discussed in more detail below.
  • the sinus function occurring in 1.0 does not mean that lengthy arithmetic processes are necessary. Since the arguments in the sine always have the same values for each pixel, it is possible to create tables for the corresponding weight functions sin (x) / x for each combination of line numbers mi and m 2 that occur in practice, so that the method is just as fast can be performed like any other interpolation.
  • the weight quantities g can be realized simply by means of fixed resistance values in a network. The method according to the invention can therefore also be used for real-time image processing.
  • the maximum possible resolution is advantageously achieved in the method according to the invention, since the full information content of the first video image is used for the second video image. That means it will best possible image quality achieved.
  • the pixels of the first video image are not imaged directly, as was initially described as disturbing.
  • the first video image is taken, for example from an image memory or from an image plate, i.e. the line in ni pixels in the first video image is present in accordance with the norm of the first video image and the second video image with n 2 pixels per line of the parameter t is to be discretized, so that the intensities or color signals of the first video image as I ⁇ (kj,) for the ki-th pixel in the ljth line and the intensities or color signals of the second video image as I 2 (k , 1 2 ) or the likewise discretized signal curves can be represented as J (k 2 , l 2 ) for the k 2 th pixel in the l th line.
  • the interpolation of pixels within a line should also take place according to the sampling theorem, so that
  • This method has the same advantages with regard to the processing of the pixels of a line, as was previously discussed in connection with the processing of lines of video images.
  • the weight functions below the summand now show a product of sinus functions. This also means that there is no difficulty, since equation 2. 0 allows the image preparation of lines and the Perform line preparation of pixels as successive steps.
  • the conversion of the first video image into the second can thus be carried out, for example, by a plurality of processors, which carry out the determination of the pixel intensity for different pixels in the lines in parallel for several pixels, with subsequent processing of the lines. Fast processing in real time is then also possible.
  • an offset ⁇ was introduced in the method according to the invention, which shifts the signal intensities obtained into the positive when the offset is selected accordingly.
  • the offset ⁇ is set to the maximum value of the negative signal curve J for each video image.
  • Another preferred further development therefore provides for the offset to be set to zero.
  • the vanishing offset saves additional summations in real-time processing.
  • one does not correctly display structures with low brightness in the first video image.
  • time-critical applications such as television reception, however, the viewer essentially detects the movements of the structures dominating in terms of brightness, so that the loss of information caused by cutting off negative intensities can be dispensed with without further ado.
  • edges are shown much sharper, which gives the impression of a much higher image sharpness.
  • the amplitude A introduced above can also be set to 1.
  • the image quality generated in this way is sufficient for normal requirements.
  • the amplitude A for each video image is defined in such a way that the same integral brightness is achieved in the second video image as in the first video image.
  • the same information can cause a change in brightness of a few percent by processing from image to image. If the amplitude A remains the same, this could manifest itself as a slight flickering of the image for all images.
  • the brightness of the second video image is normalized to that of the first. Practically, for example, to reduce the computing time for a video processor, one proceeds in such a way that the total sum of the brightnesses in the first and second video images is formed in order to determine the brightness of each video image.
  • the amplitude A is then calculated from the ratio of the integral brightnesses of the first to the second video image, which is subsequently taken into account for the individual intensities, for example as a gain factor in the representation of the image. With this method, A is therefore prefixed to the sums of equations 1. 0 and 2. 0. This enables very fast processing.
  • the sin (x) / x functions that appear under the sum symbols can be represented as constant weight values that are determined by resistance values in the case of analog processing of the second video image from the first video image or by table values in the case of processing by a video processor.
  • the number of necessary weights depends heavily on the ratios m ⁇ / m 2 and ni / n 2 , because these determine the period in which 1 2 or k 2 again results in an integer value of the size mi * l 2 / m 2 or n * * k2 n 2 leads.
  • the sine functions periodically result in the same values in the counter sin (x) and the required number of table values or the size of the network with analog processing is limited.
  • the first video image with mi lines and ni pixels per line is generated from an original video image with no pixels and mo pixels per line, n ⁇ > r_o and m ⁇ > mo is selected, and the additional pixels of the first video image compared to the original video image comprise the original video image as a frame.
  • the intensities of the pixels in the frame will then be set to a black level.
  • the black border formed according to this further development thus allows a new degree of freedom with which the ratios m 2 / m! and n 2 / n] can choose according to the requirements.
  • a device for achieving the object has an adding circuit which interpolates the intensity I 2 (t, 1 2 ) of a pixel of the second video image in the l 2 th line from the intensities I ⁇ (t, li) of the pixels of the first video image , by adding the weights L of the pixels of the first video image weighted over a predetermined number of lines, in order to obtain a signal curve J (t, 1 2 ) for a line 1 2 of the second video image according to the equation
  • the device also has a suppression circuit which leaves positive values of J essentially unchanged and suppresses negative values of J, and the output of which reproduces the intensities I 2 (t, 1 2 ) of the pixels of the second video image.
  • This device is particularly simple in construction and allows the method described above to be carried out in a simple manner.
  • the sin (x) / x functions below the sum are fixed weight quantities which can be implemented, for example, for summation by means of specially adapted resistance values in an analog adding circuit.
  • the suppression circuits cut off negative intensities for display.
  • the circuit is further simplified if the suppression circuit consists of a resistor and one against an offset voltage switched diode, the offset voltage being determined by the threshold value of the diode.
  • the suppression circuit consists of a resistor and one against an offset voltage switched diode, the offset voltage being determined by the threshold value of the diode.
  • the features according to this development therefore not only enable a simple structure of the device according to the invention but are also suitable for improving the image quality.
  • the adding circuit is set up for summing an offset ⁇ .
  • the adding circuit is set up for summing an offset ⁇ .
  • the offset is thus used to avoid the possibly occurring negative pixel intensities.
  • the aforementioned suppression circuit can then omitted in accordance with the method described above, in which the offset was set to the maximum negative value of the signal profiles J.
  • the method and the device can be applied to analog continuous input signals for each line.
  • the first video image is from an image memory or an image plate
  • the image can already be discretized according to the pixels per line, which may make it necessary to use interpolation with regard to the pixels within a line.
  • a preferred development sees an interpolation of the intensity I 2 (k 2 , 1 2 ) of the k 2 th pixel of the l 2 if the number of pixels per line of the first video image and n 2 is the number of pixels per line of the second video image -th line for the second video image from the intensities I_ (k ⁇ ,) of the respective ki-th pixels of the -th line of the first video image by means of the adder circuit by a signal curve J discretized for generating the second video image in accordance with pixels and lines
  • the pixels / line are treated in the preparation of a relationship according to the sampling theorem, as was already discussed above in the method. As a result, an increased resolution with regard to the pixels is also achieved in each line.
  • the device according to the invention has a video processor which contains the adder circuit and / or the suppression circuit, or can be controlled accordingly by a suitable program.
  • a video processor which contains the adder circuit and / or the suppression circuit, or can be controlled accordingly by a suitable program.
  • Such video processors are commercially available and available at a low price.
  • the circuitry complexity by the video processor is lower in most applications for the method according to the invention than in conventional circuitry solutions.
  • the outlay for a device according to the invention is therefore advantageously reduced by using a video processor.
  • the video processor can also take over the function of the suppression circuit. Another advantage results from the flexibility of a video processor, which allows the use of various algorithms:
  • the logarithmic characteristic of a diode for example, only partially suppresses the information content at negative intensities.
  • the use of a video processor also allows other than the aforementioned logarithmic characteristic for suppression.
  • a further increase in the image quality can thus be brought about without additional circuitry outlay.
  • video processors are largely freely programmable, it is also possible to implement the above-mentioned development of the method in which the brightness of the second video image is normalized to that of the first video image in a simple manner.
  • the video processor can be controlled by a program in such a way that the amplitude A can be determined in real time and can be applied during the generation of the signal curve J such that the integral brightness of the second video image is equal to the integral brightness of the first Video image is.
  • a display device for displaying the second video image, which allows different pixels to be illuminated on a screen independent of the standard.
  • a monitor can be used as the display device.
  • it can also be a video device in which all the means for carrying out the method according to the invention are already integrated.
  • the individual pixels can be illuminated independently of the standard does not exist in a commercially available color television tube, which can only illuminate the pixels given by a shadow mask.
  • black and white picture tubes are suitable, the electron beam of which can be directed continuously at any desired pixel of the picture tube by suitable control of the deflection coils or deflection plates.
  • black and white image tubes do not require a shadow mask.
  • a color television picture can also be produced with one black and white picture tube per color! If the individual color pictures depicted with these are projected onto one another by specially adapted optics.
  • a continuous scanner for reflecting a light beam controlled with the intensity I 2 is provided in the display device, in which, depending on the scanning conditions, different picture standards with regard to the number of pixels and the number of lines of the displayed picture can be realized.
  • the second video image is generated by a light beam. This is advantageous because much larger light intensities can be achieved in the pixel for large screens.
  • the image size can be adjusted practically arbitrarily by choosing the distance of the screen. With almost parallel light beams like this are known from lasers, for example, the sharpness will not change when the distance is changed.
  • the image quality is therefore also advantageously increased on the basis of the features of this development.
  • the light beam can be deflected, for example, by acousto-optical components.
  • the scanner contains a rotating polygon mirror and a swivel mirror. Because of this feature, significantly higher deflection angles can be achieved than with acousto-optical modulation. Furthermore, the inertia of the polygon mirror results in a particularly good synchronism which is independent of the operating voltage. This further increases the image quality.
  • Figure 1 is a video image that has been processed with the inventive method for demonstration of double lines and pixel / line number.
  • FIG. 2 shows an image section of the video image according to FIG. 1 generated with double line and pixel / line number to demonstrate the method: a) untreated image, b) after treatment with the method according to the invention, c) after treatment with linear
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of an embodiment for
  • FIG. 5 shows an adder circuit used in the embodiment of Fig. 4
  • FIG. 6 shows an exemplary embodiment for doubling the number of pixels / line of the second video image with respect to the first video image using the adder circuit of FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic illustration of an exemplary embodiment for carrying out the method with a video processor
  • the method according to the invention lifts high frequencies better than conventional interpolation methods, which is why it shows its advantages best when it is used on highly structured video images.
  • the information content is not changed, so that noise signals are not increased by the method despite raising high frequencies.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 show the change in an image with stripe patterns when displayed with a higher pixel density.
  • 1 shows the untreated video image with ten thin strips 1 running from top right to bottom left. These are crossed by four thicker strips 2 extending perpendicular to these.
  • FIG. 1 an image section 3 is further drawn in, which is enlarged in Fig. 2 and shown with double line and pixel / number of lines.
  • FIG. 2a shown without interpolation it can clearly be seen that the individual pixels 4 are perceived as rectangular steps. This effect is extremely annoying for the viewer with PAL images that are displayed on a large screen.
  • the method according to the invention is suitable for reducing such disturbing structures by weighting the summation of neighboring pixels.
  • the method according to the invention was applied to the video image referred to below as the first video image according to FIG. 1.
  • equation 2.0 was used, taking into account double the number of lines and pixels of a second video image compared to the first. The result is shown in Fig. 2b.
  • the disturbing steps of the image points 4 that can be seen in FIG. 2a no longer occur.
  • new step structures 5 can be seen. These are caused by the pixels of the second video image and can only be reduced if the number of pixels / lines and lines is increased further.
  • a hatched area 6 can also be seen, which is generated by the method used and appears gray in real video images. This gray area helps the eye when viewing the video image at some distance to compensate for the rectangular step structures 5 of the second video picture, so that essentially the oblique stripes 1 and 2 are perceived without the step structures 5.
  • FIG. 2c also shows a second video image resulting from the use of linear interpolation on the first video image shown in FIG. 2a.
  • a comparison between FIG. 2b and FIG. 2c reveals the following:
  • the gray area is considerably smaller in the image obtained with the method according to the invention.
  • the smaller gray area can also be seen from FIG. 3.
  • the intensity is shown as the ordinate compared to the course of the section A-A identified in FIG. 2b as a curve 7 and of the section B-B shown in FIG. 2c as a curve 8.
  • High intensity means black and low intensity is shown as white in the video images shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the curves 7 and 8 shown on the one hand illustrate that the transition area from black to white in the method according to the invention is smaller compared to the linear interpolation, on the other hand it can also be seen that the flanks are much steeper in the method according to the invention.
  • both the method according to the invention and other interpolation methods are based on the fact that the brightness for a pixel in a line 1 2 formed in the second video image is formed from the brightnesses of the locally adjacent lines l-_ of the first image by weighted summation.
  • This weighting can also be carried out analogously according to the pixels of a line.
  • the weight quantities can be represented by a sin (x) / x function. They can be specified as table values for the calculation. This eliminates the need to recalculate the weight values for each pixel, which speeds up the implementation of the method so that it can be carried out in real time in video images even with processors available today.
  • the number of weight sizes required is reduced if the ratio mi / m 2 of the number of lines of the first video image to the number of lines of the second video image or the ratio nl / n2 with respect to the number of pixels of the line is selected in such a way that the sine function occurring in the weight sizes is periodic Function values results. This can always be achieved if one does not use the line numbers mi, m 2 and number of pixels ni, n 2 specified by the respective precision standard, but larger values mj, nj than specified by the standard.
  • the first video image is therefore enlarged by adding a black border to it before transformation.
  • the line of the second video image whose pixel brightnesses are to be calculated is identical in terms of image to a line of the first video image.
  • the line of the second video image whose pixel brightnesses are to be calculated lies between two lines of the first video image.
  • FIG. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of a device in which an analog video signal, such as that present at the output of a tuner, of a first video image with the weight sizes specified above is stored line by line in order to obtain a second video image with double the number of lines.
  • the video information is first stored in an analog or digital image memory 10.
  • the storage takes place with the number of pixels / line of the second video image.
  • a transformation according to equation 2.0 for the preparation of the video image with regard to the pixels of a line can then be omitted, since such a weighted summation within a line does not change the information content according to the sampling theorem.
  • the image memory 10 in FIG. 4 is used to synchronize the lines of the first video image for processing by an analog network.
  • different delay lines could also be provided for synchronization.
  • an image memory 10 is also useful in the case of a video image received by a transmitter because the video images are supplied in fields in accordance with the television standard, which leads to a high outlay when using delay lines for synchronization.
  • the first video image is stored in the image memory 10 in rows and columns, so that the information for generating the second video image can be called up as desired.
  • the line information required for the preparation of a line of the second television picture is addressed by means of a digital word applied via control lines 12 in the picture memory 10 and output from the picture memory 10. From its outputs, this line information is applied synchronously over several lines 14 to the inputs of an adder circuit 16, which carries out the summation in accordance with the method.
  • a further analog input 18 is also provided in the adder circuit 16, via which a freely selectable offset ⁇ can be added to the processed line information. This offset ⁇ was already explained in more detail at the beginning.
  • several lines of the first video image can be formed by forming the sum according to equation 1.0, different weight sizes occurring depending on whether the line to be generated is even or odd.
  • the adding circuit 16 described in more detail below with reference to FIG. 5 is designed in such a way that it has two outputs 20 and 22, at which the weighted sums for case 2 and case 1 are output independently of one another according to the table.
  • An analog switch 24 is provided for switching the signals at the outputs 20 and 22. Because of the high switching frequencies required in real time for video images, this is achieved with two MOS-FETs whose source-drain paths take over the switch function.
  • the switched signal reaches the input of an amplifier 26, the gain A of which can be set by an analog voltage at the input 27.
  • the amplifier 26 can be a commercially available multiplying amplifier. It serves to take into account the factor A discussed at the beginning. In particular, the gain that can be changed by the amplifier 26 via the input 27 is suitable for adapting the gain slightly to the same image brightness in the second video image as in the first video image. This was already discussed at the beginning and contributes to increasing the image quality.
  • a constant factor A is used. This eliminates the amplifier 26 and the desired gain A is taken into account in terms of circuitry in the adder circuit 16.
  • the output of the amplifier 26 is connected together with a voltage controller comprising a resistor 28 and a diode 30.
  • the diode 30 is applied to an output 32 against a fixed potential which corresponds to the threshold voltage of the diode 30. Since a silicon diode was used in the exemplary embodiment, the fixed potential is -0.7 V. With germanium diodes, for example, a potential of approximately 0.2 V would be provided.
  • Diode 30 and resistor 28 serve as a negative signal suppression circuit.
  • the suppression circuit ensures that the adder circuit 16 generated, physically not meaningful, negative intensities for pixels, which can be generated by the partial negative weight quantities in the method according to the invention, are set to small positive, physically meaningful intensities.
  • the cut-off behavior of the suppression circuit is not only determined by the selection of the factor A and the offset ⁇ , but can also be selected by the selection of the resistor 28 with respect to the characteristic curve of the diode 28.
  • a very low-resistance resistor 28 leads to an almost abrupt cut-off of negative signals by the diode 30.
  • the substantially exponential part of the diode characteristic curve can be set as the operating point, so that the output signal of the voltage divider from the resistor 28 and the diode 30 at low and negative intensities asymptotically logarithmically goes to zero.
  • the voltage curve generated in this way at the output 32 is proportional to the sequential intensities of the soldering points of the second video image. These can be displayed sequentially as an image in a display device described later or used in another way, for example for storage in a further storage space.
  • the image memory 10 and the analog switch 24 are controlled by a control device (not shown in FIG. 4).
  • Two points are essential for control.
  • the image memory 10 is caused to apply the floating point intensities, which are present as analog voltage, of floating image points k of several lines lying one below the other to the lines 14.
  • the analog switch 24 is switched depending on whether the floating point intensity required at the output 32 is to be generated for an even or odd line.
  • Digital signals are also supplied via the control lines 12, with which the pixels kj required for processing are addressed.
  • these signals are generated digitally by a cyclic counter. When the counter is reset to zero, a digital line counter continues to be switched. The lowest bit of this line counter is used to switch the analog switch 24.
  • the higher bits are fed to the memory 10 via the control lines 12 so that it applies all the intensities of the pixels of the lines necessary for generating a pixel of the second video image to its outputs.
  • the pixel intensities of lines 7; 8th; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14 applied to the inputs 34.
  • the same lines are also used in the adder circuit 16 for the line 21, that is to say for the case 2. It can be seen from this that, as mentioned above, the lowest bit of the line counter only has to be used for switching the analog switch 24, while the video points to be read out by the video memory are only driven by the higher bits of the line counter with respect to the line of the first video block.
  • the adder circuit 16 essentially consists of two parts, one for generating an output signal at the output 20 and another for generating an output signal at the output 22.
  • each part is an operational amplifier 36 or 38, which is connected as a summing amplifier and which is in each case coupled through a resistor 40 or 42.
  • the inverting inputs of the operational amplifiers 36 and 38 are not only connected via resistors to the inputs 34 for weighted summation of the input voltages, but are also each connected via a further resistor 44 or 46 to the output of a further operational amplifier 48 or 50 connected as a summing amplifier.
  • a negative feedback resistor 52 and 54 is again provided to connect the operational amplifiers 48 and 50 as summing amplifiers.
  • the operational amplifiers 48 and 50 invert the input signal and take into account the negative weight values that occur during the process due to the sin (x) / x function.
  • the toe information which must be multiplied with negative weight quantities in accordance with the sum in relation 1.0, is first added via the operational amplifiers 52 and 54 before it is added to the output sum with the opposite sign via the operational amplifiers 36 and 38.
  • the resistors 40, 42, 44, 46, 52 and 54 each have a value of 1 k ⁇ , so that the resistance values of those between the input line 34 and the inverting inputs of the operational amplifiers 36, 38, 48 and 50 Values located are calculated as lk ⁇ divided by the absolute amount of the weight given in the table for the respective value h, which is used to weight the voltage applied to the respective input 34 with respect to the line read from the image memory 10.
  • case 1 of the table relates to the upper part of the summing circuit and case 2 to the lower part of the summing circuit of FIG. 5.
  • resistors 60 and 62 are provided at the inverting inputs of operational amplifiers 36 and 38, with which the offset already discussed above is taken into account as voltage.
  • An inverting amplifier 64 and 66 is also connected between the outputs of the operational amplifiers 36 and 38 and the outputs 20 and 22 of the adding circuit 16 in order to generate positive output voltages with positive input circuits with the adding circuit. If negative voltages are required for further processing, these can also be tapped at outputs 68 and 70.
  • An additional amplifier 26 can be saved with a constant A selected if the circuit is designed, for example by changing the negative feedback resistors 40 and 42, in a manner known to the person skilled in the art for gains different from 1.
  • the image point intensities are available as digital values in the number of pixels per line given by the video standard of the first video block, so that an increase in the pixels within a line via interpolation is also sensible. You can then store the first video booth in the Büd Items 10 and to Preparation of the lines also carry out additional adding circuits 16 for the preparation of the pixels of a line.
  • Such a circuit is shown in Fig. 6. It creates a higher number of pixels in the output line from the line points of a line.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 6 is designed for a doubling of the number of pixels, so that the weight sizes given in the table can be used again.
  • the line information is present digitally at the input 72 and is sequentially called up by pulse 2 from a frame buffer or a plate, possibly also from a one-line buffer.
  • This digital information is then input into a multi-stage delay circuit 74 which is likewise controlled by clock 2.
  • the respective intensities of individual successive pixels in the line to be processed are present in parallel as analog voltage values which are input into the inputs 34 of the adder circuit 16 of FIG. 5.
  • the delay circuit 74 can be a shift register, the digital outputs of the individual stages of which are each converted via a digital / analog converter.
  • the number of digital / analog converters was reduced in that the digital signals present at input 72 were first converted into analog voltages and the delay was carried out by a bucket chain circuit by recharging capacitors in a manner known to the person skilled in the art. The times between successive baud points are in the microsecond range, so that any discharge of capacitors is negligible.
  • the delay circuit 74 which operates via shift registers, is preferred in a device for carrying out the method.
  • the adder circuit 16 is designed for 8 input lines, so that only 8 stages had to be provided for the delay circuit 74 as well. 5, the number of stages of the delay circuit 74 as well as the number of summing resistors in the circuit 16 are increased.
  • the delay circuit 74 is reset before each line, that is to say the capacitors are discharged in a defined manner in the bucket chain circuit and, after the input line of the first video block has been ended, a control unit applies the digital value zero for 8 clock signals at the input 72. This creates a black image border, as described above for the lines.
  • the image intensity for odd and even number of pixels is controlled again via an analog switch 24.
  • the switching takes place via pulses called clock pulse in FIG. 6, which is halved via a binary divider 78 to obtain clock pulse 2.
  • clock pulse in FIG. 6 is halved via a binary divider 78 to obtain clock pulse 2.
  • the intensities of the same pixels of the first video block are applied to the adder circuit 16 for two periods of clock 1, but clock 1 switches through the odd and even number of pixels of the second video image.
  • this is possible with the adder circuit according to FIG. 6, since the same input information is required for odd and even output values.
  • the exemplary embodiments described above which are described essentially via analog circuits, have the advantage that they work very quickly.
  • the adjustment of the factor A to further increase the image quality, depending on the image content is only possible by additional circuitry, for example by first processing the second image and then determining the factor A, or by the image information in the image memory 10 before treatment with the Adding circuit, for example with a processor, is evaluated to obtain the factor A to be used.
  • a video processor 80 is used for weighted lighting according to the method.
  • the previously discussed images of FIGS. 1 to 3 were generated with an embodiment similar to that shown in FIG. 7
  • the weight sizes are calculated as table values depending on the picture standard of the first and the second video picture and stored in a RAM 82. Both the multiplication of the values of the pixel intensities with the weight sizes and the summation are carried out digitally via the video processor 80. The summation and the calculation of the weight size are controlled by a program contained in a ROM 84, 27
  • the pixel intensities of the first video image are read out by the video processor from a first image memory 10 via direct memory access (DMA) and the results of the calculations according to equations 1.0 or 2.0 are stored in a second video memory 86.
  • the second video memory 86 can be read out directly and the second video image stored in it can be viewed as an image on a screen, for example with the aid of a display device.
  • the number of weight sizes to be taken into account and thus the outlay of a device for carrying out the method is reduced especially if the factors m 1 / m 2 or n 1 / n 2 are chosen appropriately in the argument of the sinus function.
  • a free choice of m 2 and n 2 is possible if the second video image is formed by a display device which allows a continuous control of each viewing point on the screen to be displayed.
  • Such a display device 90 is shown in FIG. 8 ' .
  • a video memory 92 is provided for the pictorial storage of the R, G, B signals generated by a tuner. Within the image memory, the first video image is transformed into the second video image by a video processor in accordance with the method.
  • a control device 94 controls the reading in and reading out of the image.
  • a matrix circuit 96 is provided in order to adapt the color signals in the video memory 92 to the colors used in the display device 90.
  • the display device uses three differently colored light sources 98, which in the exemplary embodiment are lasers, the intensities of which are controlled with modulators 100 to generate the pixel brightness or colors.
  • the light beams modulated in this way are combined by mirrors 102 and directed onto a mechanical scanner 104, which in this exemplary embodiment consists of a rotating polygon mirror 106 and swivel mirror 108 for the deflection in terms of pixels and lines.
  • the second video booth is then displayed on a screen 110. Due to the mechanical scanner 104, it is possible to continuously control every location on the screen 110. With this display device, one is free to select the pixels per line and the number of lines of the second video image, so that the number of weight sizes can always be selected favorably in the method according to the invention.
  • the mechanical scanner which is different for different standards, is then controlled by a scanner control 112, which is also monitored by the control device 94.
  • the exemplary embodiments show how high image qualities of video images can be achieved using the interpolation method according to the invention and the corresponding device.
  • the exemplary embodiments further demonstrate that it is already possible today to carry out the image processing required for this either in real time by using analog circuits or by a plurality of video processors.
  • the expected increase in the switching speeds of integrated circuits in the future suggests a further simplification of the circuit for real-time applications, even with variable amplitudes A, variable offsets ⁇ or complicated cut-off characteristics.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)
  • Controls And Circuits For Display Device (AREA)
  • Television Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de traitement d'une première image vidéo formée de points image à m1 lignes, dont les points dans la l1-ième ligne présentent une intensité I1(t,l1) en fonction d'un paramètre t, en particulier du temps, en vue de produire une deuxième image vidéo à m2 lignes, de façon que l'intensité I2(t,l2) de chaque point image à la l2-ième ligne de la deuxième image vidéo soit interpolée à partir des intensités des points image de la première image vidéo I1(t,l1), l'intensité I2 étant obtenue suivant l'équation: I2(t,l2)=Max[J(t,l2)+Δ;0] dans laquelle les grandeurs J représentent des valeurs, rendues discrètes par rapport aux lignes, d'une variation de signal définie par le théorème de balayage, et pour laquelle il est prévu un décalage Δ pour la compensation partielle des intensités négatives de la variation, de signal J rendue discrète, de telle sorte que l'interpolation soit effectuée par rapport aux lignes, en prenant A comme valeur positive d'amplitude librement déterminée, conformément à l'équation (1). L'invention concerne également un dispositif comprenant des éléments de circuit appropriés, convenant pour la production de la deuxième image vidéo conformément au procédé précité.
EP96914995A 1995-05-11 1996-04-26 Procede et dispositif pour le traitement d'une image video Withdrawn EP0770306A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19517357A DE19517357C1 (de) 1995-05-11 1995-05-11 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Aufbereitung eines Videobildes
DE19517357 1995-05-11
PCT/EP1996/001760 WO1996036175A1 (fr) 1995-05-11 1996-04-26 Procede et dispositif pour le traitement d'une image video

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EP0770306A1 true EP0770306A1 (fr) 1997-05-02

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EP96914995A Withdrawn EP0770306A1 (fr) 1995-05-11 1996-04-26 Procede et dispositif pour le traitement d'une image video

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US (1) US5854659A (fr)
EP (1) EP0770306A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH09511896A (fr)
KR (1) KR100262217B1 (fr)
BR (1) BR9606469A (fr)
CA (1) CA2192090A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE19517357C1 (fr)
IL (1) IL118133A (fr)
RU (1) RU2118064C1 (fr)
TW (1) TW318993B (fr)
WO (1) WO1996036175A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA963752B (fr)

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DE19726860C1 (de) * 1997-06-24 1999-01-28 Ldt Gmbh & Co Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Darstellung eines Videobildes sowie ein Herstellungsverfahren für die Vorrichtung
IL152698A0 (en) * 2000-05-10 2003-06-24 Frederic Jean Pierre Demole A video projection system
RU2454822C2 (ru) * 2010-05-14 2012-06-27 Федеральное государственное образовательное бюджетное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Московский технический университет связи и информатики (ФГОБУ ВПО МТУСИ) Способ преобразования сигнала телевизионного изображения и устройство для его осуществления
RU2598790C2 (ru) * 2014-12-08 2016-09-27 Сурен Петросович Буюкян Видеопроцессор для видеоизмерений

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GB2115641B (en) * 1982-02-24 1986-08-06 Rca Corp Compatible high definition television system
US4523220A (en) * 1983-01-19 1985-06-11 Rca Corporation Compatible high-definition television system utilizing Hadamard basis functions
DE3344524A1 (de) * 1983-12-09 1985-06-20 ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH, 7150 Backnang Verfahren zur kompatiblen aufloesungserhoehung fuer farbfernsehuebertragungssysteme
DE3435265A1 (de) * 1984-09-26 1986-04-03 ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH, 7150 Backnang Verfahren zur aufloesungserhoehung fuer ein kompatibles fernsehsystem
DE3435264A1 (de) * 1984-09-26 1986-04-03 ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH, 7150 Backnang Verfahren zur kompatiblen aufloesungserhoehung fuer farbfernsehuebertragungssysteme mit reduzierung der uebersprechstoerungen bei bewegungsadaptiver bildverarbeitung
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GB2231751B (en) * 1989-04-27 1993-09-22 Sony Corp Motion dependent video signal processing
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ZA963752B (en) 1996-09-05
KR970705297A (ko) 1997-09-06
IL118133A (en) 1999-07-14
DE19517357C1 (de) 1996-11-14
BR9606469A (pt) 1997-09-30
TW318993B (fr) 1997-11-01
CA2192090A1 (fr) 1996-11-14
KR100262217B1 (ko) 2000-07-15
IL118133A0 (en) 1996-09-12
WO1996036175A1 (fr) 1996-11-14
RU2118064C1 (ru) 1998-08-20
JPH09511896A (ja) 1997-11-25
US5854659A (en) 1998-12-29

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