EP0754908B2 - Method and apparatus for suspressing flame and pressure vibrations in a furnace - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for suspressing flame and pressure vibrations in a furnace Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0754908B2 EP0754908B2 EP96109647A EP96109647A EP0754908B2 EP 0754908 B2 EP0754908 B2 EP 0754908B2 EP 96109647 A EP96109647 A EP 96109647A EP 96109647 A EP96109647 A EP 96109647A EP 0754908 B2 EP0754908 B2 EP 0754908B2
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- Prior art keywords
- flame
- gas
- fuel
- burner
- flow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2210/00—Noise abatement
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for suppression of flame / pressure vibrations at one Furnace which has a burner with which one Flame is generated, and a combustion chamber in which the Flame is directed, as well as a corresponding device to implement the procedure.
- the present invention is therefore the object to provide a method by which such Flame / pressure vibrations with intolerable Pressure amplitudes are to be prevented.
- the invention proposed the flame of the burner with a To encase the flow of gas as closely as possible, one higher flow velocity in the direction of flame propagation has as the outer or edge areas the flame or the main burner flow containing fuel. This will result in a transfer of Axial impulse on the outer areas of the flame or the fuel-containing burner outflow.
- the invention is based on the finding that the vibrations essentially by themselves Edge area of the flame causes ring vortices or be reinforced. These ring vertebrae by rolling up the edge areas of the fuel-containing Burner flow arise, close when they are formed hot flue gases with a rapid heating of the fuel / air mixture also contained in the ring vortex and an impulsive, pressure vibration stimulating Abreaction of the fuel cause.
- the gas jacket flow behaves with respect to its Effect in suppressing the formation of reactive Ring vertebrae essentially as if they had none Contains fuel. I.e. possibly in the boundary layer between gas jacket flow and surrounding medium resulting vortices cannot react and therefore not to excite or amplify flame / pressure vibrations to lead. Not this one there can be an ignitable mixture of gas and fuel the gas is both inert gas (e.g. nitrogen, Water vapor or burned exhaust gases) as well Act air, in the former case the fuel concentration is irrelevant since inert gas with fuel in none Mix ratio react i.e. burn can, while in the second case the fuel concentration outside the ignition limits of the respective fuel lies, so that here also from the gas jacket flow the resulting ring vortices cannot react.
- inert gas e.g. nitrogen, Water vapor or burned exhaust gases
- the gas jacket flow can be used as a medium also a fuel / air mixture with fuel concentrations within that of the particular fuel dependent ignition limits are used if the essentially axial outflow velocity this basically flammable gas jacket flow towards the main burner flow, which is the flame forms, is chosen so high that on the one hand an adequate Transmission of axial impulse and thus one sufficient acceleration of the outside areas of the Flame or the main burner flow guaranteed on the other hand, the formation of an independent, stable flame (or multiple flames in the case of several individual outlet openings of the gas jacket flow) prevented from the gas jacket flow becomes. That is, the exit speed the gas jacket flow is significantly higher than the blow-off limit speed for a flame.
- the gas jacket flow preferably runs parallel to the central axis of the flame, but it can also with respect to this direction of flame or main flow the fuel / air flow additionally a certain Have radial and / or tangential component, resulting in a certain expansion of the gas jacket follows along the direction of the flame, taking into account is that not all burners have flames, in critical areas have non-changing cross sections, but that flames also the one described can take a conical shape. It is essential always that the gas jacket flow compared to the unclad flame or fuel / air flow has sufficiently high momentum in the axial direction.
- the distance between the gas outlet opening and the Edge of the burning outlet from which the Fuel / air mixture should flow out be kept low.
- the gas outlet opening is preferably for generation the gas jacket flow as a gap or as a gap nozzle trained and tightly encloses the burner outlet, the burner outlet being both rotationally symmetrical can be designed as an elongated Can have a cross-sectional shape.
- the gap is then designed as an annular gap nozzle, which in particular concentric and closely spaced around the Burner outlet is arranged.
- Gas outlet openings surround the burner outlet, that are closely spaced from each other.
- the burner outlet and the overall arrangement of the gas outlet openings designed as quarter circular nozzles are arranged concentrically and that too due to the large number of gas outlet openings or nozzles a completely surrounding the flame of the burner Gas jacket flow is generated, which is the emergence suppressed by ring vortices.
- a burner for performing the Shown method according to the invention acts a swirl burner with a premixed one Fuel gas / air mixture 1 supplied via a burner tube 2 becomes.
- This burner tube ends at a swirl cabinet 3, which is rotationally symmetrical and at its Has outer circumferential inclined guide vanes 4.
- These guide vanes have an inclination of approximately 30 °, whereby the outflowing fuel gas / air mixture a Distraction and thus a swirl.
- On the Outside 6 of the swirl cabinet that is from the Combustion gas / air mixture escaping from the burner ignites and forms a flame 12 which in one in FIG burner chamber, not shown, occurs.
- the flame 12 of the burner is covered by a jacket out Gas flows around.
- This jacket is caused by a gas flow 8 caused by an annular channel 7 parallel to Burner tube 2 is passed through the burner and exits the burner at an annular gap 9 which surrounds the swirl cabinet 3 closely spaced.
- the flow velocity from the annular gap 9 escaping gas jacket flow is due to the quarter circle nozzles 10 accelerated so far that the speed is significantly higher in the direction of the axis 11 than that towards the flame of the burning fuel gas / air mixture behind the swirl cupboard 3, whereby in the area between the one burning in a flame Fuel gas / air mixture and the closely surrounding it Gas jacket flow a boundary layer acceleration of the burning fuel gas / air mixture takes place.
- a boundary layer acceleration of the burning fuel gas / air mixture takes place.
- coherent Ring vortex structures comes through one rapid reaction of the fuel contained in them flame / pressure vibrations due to in-phase energy supply stimulate and reinforce.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
- Gas Burners (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Unterdrükkung von Flammen-/Druckschwingungen bei einer Feuerung, die einen Brenner aufweist, mit dem eine Flamme erzeugt wird, und einen Brennraum, in den die Flamme gerichtet ist, sowie eine entsprechende Vorrichtung zur Umsetzung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for suppression of flame / pressure vibrations at one Furnace which has a burner with which one Flame is generated, and a combustion chamber in which the Flame is directed, as well as a corresponding device to implement the procedure.
Ein solches Verfahren und eine solche Vorrichtung sind aus Dokument Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol 18, no. 677 (M-1727) 20 Dezember 1994 schon bekannt.Such a method and device are from Document Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol 18, no. 677 (M-1727) December 20, 1994 already known.
Bei industriellen Verbrennungsanlagen wie Gasturbinenbrennkammern, Winderhitzern, Rückstandsverbrennungsanlagen oder Industrieöfen, aber auch bei Kleinfeuerungen wie Gasboilern oder Heizkesseln im häuslichen Nutzungsbereich treten unter bestimmten, durch die feuerungstechnischen Betriebsparameter wie thermische Leistung und Luftzahl festgelegten Bedingungen instabile Betriebszustände auf, die durch zeitperiodische Änderungen der Flamme gekennzeichnet sind, die einhergehen mit Änderungen insbesondere des statischen Druckes in der Brennkammer sowie in dieser vor- oder nachgeschalteten Anlagenteilen. Diese instabilen Zustände treten auch auf bei Feuerungen, deren Flammen durch bekannte Maßnahmen wie Drallströmungen, Staukörper etc. ausreichend zündstabilisiert sind.In industrial combustion plants like gas turbine combustors, Hot water heaters, residue incineration plants or industrial furnaces, but also at Small furnaces such as gas boilers or boilers in the domestic use occur under certain, through the firing operating parameters such as thermal power and air ratio specified conditions unstable operating states caused by time-periodic Changes in flame marked that are accompanied by changes in particular the static pressure in the combustion chamber and in of these upstream or downstream parts of the system. This Unstable conditions also occur with furnaces, their Flames from known measures such as swirl currents, Bluff bodies etc. sufficiently stabilized by ignition are.
Ein Beispiel für eine entsprechende industrielle Verbrennungsanlage findet sich beispielsweise in der japanischen Veröffentlichung Nr. 0 515 7239. Hier wird ein Brenner beschrieben, bei dem verschiedene Maßnahmen ergriffen werden zur Reduzierung von NOx. Insbesondere wird der Verbrennungsluft zusätzlich Luft zugeführt. Verbrennungsinstabilitäten wie oben angesprochen werden hier nicht behandelt.An example of a corresponding industrial incineration plant can be found, for example, in Japanese publication No. 0 515 7239. Here, a burner is described in which various measures are taken to reduce NO x . In particular, air is additionally supplied to the combustion air. Combustion instabilities as mentioned above are not dealt with here.
Das Auftreten dieser Verbrennungsinstabilitäten bewirkt oftmals ein gegenüber dem stationären Betrieb der Anlage verändertes Verhalten und verursacht neben einer erhöhten Lärmbelästigung auch eine verstärkte mechanische und/oder thermische Beanspruchung der Brennkammer bzw. der Brennkammerauskleidung. Derartige Flammen-/Druckschwingungen können unter ungünstigen Verhältnissen bis zur Zerstörung der Anlage führen, in der sie auftreten, so daß viel Aufwand getrieben wird, um derartige Flammen-/Druckschwingungen zu vermeiden. So verändert man beispielsweise die Brennkammergeometrie durch spezielle Einbauten, was aber häufig nur zu einer Verschiebung der auftretenden Schwingungsfrequenzen führt und somit nicht zu einer generellen Lösung des Problemes beiträgt. Ansonsten werden bei auftretenden Flammen-/Druckschwingungen jeweils spezielle Maßnahmen auf empirischer Basis ergriffen.The occurrence of these combustion instabilities often causes an over stationary operation the system changes behavior and causes alongside increased noise pollution also increased mechanical and / or thermal stress the combustion chamber or the combustion chamber lining. Such flame / pressure vibrations can under unfavorable conditions to destruction the facility in which they occur, so much Effort is driven to such flame / pressure vibrations to avoid. So you change, for example the combustion chamber geometry through special Internals, but this often only leads to a shift of the occurring vibration frequencies and therefore not a general solution to the problem contributes. Otherwise, when flame / pressure vibrations occur special measures in each case seized on an empirical basis.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren anzugeben, mit dem derartige Flammen-/Druckschwingungen mit nicht tolerierbaren Druckamplituden zu verhindern sind.The present invention is therefore the object to provide a method by which such Flame / pressure vibrations with intolerable Pressure amplitudes are to be prevented.
Zur Erfüllung dieser Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen, die Flamme des Brenners mit einer Strömung aus Gas möglichst eng zu ummanteln, die eine höhere Strömungsgeschwindigkeit in Flammenausbreitungsrichtung aufweist als die Außen- bzw. Randbereiche der Flamme bzw. der brennstoffhaltigen Brennerhauptströmung. Damit wird eine Übertragung von Axialimpuls auf die Außenbereiche der Flamme bzw. der brennstoffhaltigen Brennerausströmung bewirkt.To achieve this object, the invention proposed the flame of the burner with a To encase the flow of gas as closely as possible, one higher flow velocity in the direction of flame propagation has as the outer or edge areas the flame or the main burner flow containing fuel. This will result in a transfer of Axial impulse on the outer areas of the flame or the fuel-containing burner outflow.
Der Erfindung liegt dabei die Erkenntnis zugrunde, daß die Schwingungen im wesentlichen durch sich im Randbereich der Flamme ausbildende Ringwirbel verursacht bzw. verstärkt werden. Diese Ringwirbel, die durch Aufrollung der Randbereiche der brennstoffhaltigen Brennerströmung entstehen, schließen bei ihrer Bildung heiße Rauchgase mit ein, die ein schnelles Aufheizen des ebenfalls im Ringwirbel enthaltenen Brennstoff/Luft-Gemisches und eine impulsartige, druckschwingungsanregende Abreaktion des Brennstoffes bewirken.The invention is based on the finding that the vibrations essentially by themselves Edge area of the flame causes ring vortices or be reinforced. These ring vertebrae by rolling up the edge areas of the fuel-containing Burner flow arise, close when they are formed hot flue gases with a rapid heating of the fuel / air mixture also contained in the ring vortex and an impulsive, pressure vibration stimulating Abreaction of the fuel cause.
Um die Ringwirbelbildung zu verhindern, wird die Flamme mit einer in möglichst geringem radialen Abstand zur Flamme bzw. zur Brennerhauptströmung austretenden Gasmantelströmung umgeben, die eine höhere Strömungsgeschwindigkeit in Flammenausbreitungsrichtung aufweist als die Außen- bzw. Randbereiche der Flamme. Damit kommt es zwischen Mantelströmung und Flamme bzw. Brenngas/Luftströmung zu einem Axialimpulsaustausch, der eine Beschleunigung der freien Flammen- bzw. Strömungsgrenzschicht des Brennstoff/Luftgemisches bewirkt und damit der Entstehung von reaktionsfähigen Wirbeln in diesem Bereich wirkungsvoll entgegenwirkt.To prevent ring vortex formation, the Flame with the smallest possible radial distance to the flame or to the main burner flow Surround the gas jacket flow, which is a higher Flow velocity in the direction of flame propagation has as the outer or edge areas the flame. So it comes between the jacket flow and flame or fuel gas / air flow into one Axial pulse exchange, which is an acceleration the free flame or flow boundary layer of the Fuel / air mixture causes and thus the emergence of reactive vertebrae in this area counteracts effectively.
Soweit dann an der Grenzschicht zwischen der Gasmantelströmung und dem Umgebungsmedium (im eingeschlossenen Fall i. allg. Rauchgase) entsprechende Ringwirbel auftreten, ist es am günstigsten, wenn die Gasmantelströmung keinen Brennstoff enthält, da sich dann aus der (brennstofffreien) Mantelströmung keine Brennstoff einschließenden Wirbel bilden können, die zu einer periodischen Abreaktion von Brennstoff und damit zu einer Anregung von Flammen-/Druckschwingungen führen können, wie sie bei einer ungemantelten Flamme bzw. Brenngas/Luftströmung auftreten.As far as at the boundary layer between the Gas jacket flow and the surrounding medium (in included case i. general flue gases) corresponding Ring vertebrae occur, it is best if the Gas jacket flow contains no fuel, because then none from the (fuel-free) jacket flow Fuel-entrapping vortices that can form periodic reaction of fuel and thus stimulating flame / pressure vibrations can lead, as with an unclad Flame or fuel gas / air flow occur.
Bevorzugterweise handelt es sich bei dem nichtbrennstoffhaltigen Gas um Luft, die überall in ausreichender Menge zur Verfügung steht. Es ist aber auch denkbar, hier ein inertes Gas zu verwenden, was allerdings einen gewissen Kostennachteil zur Folge hätte.It is preferably the non-fuel-containing one Gas to air that is everywhere in sufficient Amount is available. It is also conceivable to use an inert gas here, but that is would result in a certain cost disadvantage.
Auch wenn die Gasmantelströmung Brennstoff enthält, kann der erfindungsgemäße Effekt einer Beschleunigung der Außenbereiche der Brennerausströmung (bzw. der die Flamme bildenden Hauptströmung) erzielt werden, wobei sich hierbei in bezug auf das Medium der Gasmantelströmung verschiedene Fälle unterscheiden lassen:Even if the gas jacket flow contains fuel, can the effect of an acceleration according to the invention the outer areas of the burner outflow (or the main flow forming the flame) be, with respect to the medium of Differentiate between gas jacket flow to let:
Sollte die Gasmantelströmung aus einem nicht zündfähigen Gemisch aus Gas und Brennstoff bestehen, verhält sich die Gasmantelströmung hinsichtlich ihrer Wirkung bei der Unterdrückung der Bildung reaktionsfähiger Ringwirbel im wesentlichen als cb sie keinen Brennstoff enthält. D.h. eventuell in der Grenzschicht zwischen Gasmantelströmung und Umgebungsmedium entstehende Wirbel können nicht abreagieren und somit nicht zur Anregung bzw. Verstärkung von Flammen-/Druckschwingungen führen. Bei diesem nicht zündfähigen Gemisch aus Gas und Brennstoff kann es sich bei dem Gas sowohl um Inertgas (z.B. Stickstoff, Wasserdampf oder ausgebrannte Abgase) als auch um Luft handeln, wobei im ersteren Fall die Brennstoffkonzentration irrelevant ist, da Inertgas mit Brennstoff in keinem Mischungsverhältnis reagieren d.h. verbrennen kann, während im zweiten Fall die Brennstoffkonzentration außerhalb der Zündgrenzen des jeweiligen Brennstoffes liegt, so daß auch hier aus der Gasmantelströmung entstehende Ringwirbel nicht abreagieren können.Shouldn't the gas jacket flow out of one ignitable mixture of gas and fuel, the gas jacket flow behaves with respect to its Effect in suppressing the formation of reactive Ring vertebrae essentially as if they had none Contains fuel. I.e. possibly in the boundary layer between gas jacket flow and surrounding medium resulting vortices cannot react and therefore not to excite or amplify flame / pressure vibrations to lead. Not this one there can be an ignitable mixture of gas and fuel the gas is both inert gas (e.g. nitrogen, Water vapor or burned exhaust gases) as well Act air, in the former case the fuel concentration is irrelevant since inert gas with fuel in none Mix ratio react i.e. burn can, while in the second case the fuel concentration outside the ignition limits of the respective fuel lies, so that here also from the gas jacket flow the resulting ring vortices cannot react.
Grundsätzlich kann als Medium der Gasmantelströmung auch ein Brennstoff/Luftgemisch mit Brennstoffkonzentrationen innerhalb der vom jeweiligen Brennstoff abhängigen Zündgrenzen verwendet werden, wenn die im wesentlichen axiale Ausströmgeschwindigkeit dieser im Prinzip brennbaren Gasmantelströmung gegenüber der Brennerhauptströmung, die die Flamme bildet, so hoch gewählt wird, daß einerseits eine ausreichende Übertragung von Axialimpuls und damit eine ausreichende Beschleunigung der Außenbereiche der Flamme bzw. der Brennerhauptströmung gewährleistet wird, andererseits jedoch die Ausbildung einer eigenständigen, stabilen Flamme (oder mehrerer Flammen im Falle mehrerer einzelner Austrittsöffnungen der Gasmantelströmung) aus der Gasmantelströmung verhindert wird. Das heißt, daß die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit der Gasmantelströmung deutlich höher ist, als die Abblasegrenzgeschwindigkeit für eine Flamme.Basically, the gas jacket flow can be used as a medium also a fuel / air mixture with fuel concentrations within that of the particular fuel dependent ignition limits are used if the essentially axial outflow velocity this basically flammable gas jacket flow towards the main burner flow, which is the flame forms, is chosen so high that on the one hand an adequate Transmission of axial impulse and thus one sufficient acceleration of the outside areas of the Flame or the main burner flow guaranteed on the other hand, the formation of an independent, stable flame (or multiple flames in the case of several individual outlet openings of the gas jacket flow) prevented from the gas jacket flow becomes. That is, the exit speed the gas jacket flow is significantly higher than the blow-off limit speed for a flame.
Der Gasmantelströmung verläuft vorzugsweise parallel zur Mittelachse der Flamme, sie kann aber auch in bezug auf diese Flammen- bzw. Hauptströmungsrichtung der Brennstoff/ Luftströmung zusätzlich eine gewisse Radial- und/ oder Tangentialkomponente aufweisen, woraus eine gewisse Aufweitung des Gasmantels entlang der Richtung der Flamme folgt, wobei zu berücksichtigen ist, daß nicht alle Brenner Flammen mit, sich im kritischen Bereich nicht verändernden Querschnitten haben, sondern daß Flammen ebenfalls die beschriebene konische Form einnehmen können. Wesentlich ist dabei immer, daß die Gasmantelströmung einen im Vergleich zur ungemantelten Flamme bzw. Brennstoff/Luftströmung ausreichend hohen Impuls in Axialrichtung besitzt.The gas jacket flow preferably runs parallel to the central axis of the flame, but it can also with respect to this direction of flame or main flow the fuel / air flow additionally a certain Have radial and / or tangential component, resulting in a certain expansion of the gas jacket follows along the direction of the flame, taking into account is that not all burners have flames, in critical areas have non-changing cross sections, but that flames also the one described can take a conical shape. It is essential always that the gas jacket flow compared to the unclad flame or fuel / air flow has sufficiently high momentum in the axial direction.
Zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens zur Unterdrückung von Flammen-/Druckschwingungen bei einer Feuerung weist eine Feuerung mit einem Brenner zur Erzeugung einer Flamme und einem Brennraum, in den die Flamme gerichtet ist, mindestens eine Gasaustrittsöffnung auf, aus der das Gas die Flamme mantelförmig umschließend ausströmt.To perform this suppression procedure of flame / pressure vibrations in a furnace a burner with a burner Generation of a flame and a combustion chamber in which the Flame is directed at least one gas outlet from which the gas surrounds the flame in the form of a jacket emanates.
Der Abstand zwischen der Gasaustrittsöffnung und dem Rand des Brennaustritts aus dem das Brennstoff/Luftgemisch ausströmt, soll dabei möglichst gering gehalten werden.The distance between the gas outlet opening and the Edge of the burning outlet from which the Fuel / air mixture should flow out be kept low.
Da sich das oben angegebene erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sowohl bei einer vorgemischten Verbrennungsführung als auch bei Diffusionsverbrennung insbesondere mit flüssigem oder gasförmigen Brennstoff anwenden läßt, sind demgemäß die Brenner zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens jeweils in bekannter Weise an diese erwähnten Arten der Verbrennungsführung angepaßt.Since the inventive method specified above both with a premixed combustion control as also with diffusion combustion, especially with liquid or gaseous fuel can be used, are accordingly the burners for performing this Process to this in a known manner adapted types of combustion management.
Bevorzugterweise ist die Gasaustrittsöffnung zur Erzeugung der Gasmantelströmung als Spalt bzw. als Spaltdüse ausgebildet und umschließt den Brenneraustritt eng, wobei der Brenneraustritt sowohl rotationssymmetrisch ausgebildet sein kann als auch eine längliche Querschnittsform haben kann.The gas outlet opening is preferably for generation the gas jacket flow as a gap or as a gap nozzle trained and tightly encloses the burner outlet, the burner outlet being both rotationally symmetrical can be designed as an elongated Can have a cross-sectional shape.
Beim rotationssymmetrischen Brenneraustritt ist der Spalt dann als Ringspaltdüse ausgebildet, die insbesondere konzentrisch und eng beabstandet um den Brenneraustritt angeordnet ist.When the burner outlet is rotationally symmetrical the gap is then designed as an annular gap nozzle, which in particular concentric and closely spaced around the Burner outlet is arranged.
Anstelle eines einzelnen Spaltes bzw. einer einzelnen Spaltdüse können auch eine Vielzahl von kleineren Gasaustrittsöffnungen den Brenneraustritt umgeben, die eng zueinander beabstandet sind. Auch hierbei gilt, daß der Brenneraustritt und die Gesamtanordnung der als Viertel Kreisdüsen ausgebildeten Gasaustrittsöffnungen konzentrisch angeordnet sind und daß auch durch die Vielzahl der Gasaustrittsöffnungen bzw. Düsen eine die Flamme des Brenners vollständig urngebende Gasmantelströmung erzeugt wird, die die Entstehung von Ringwirbeln unterdrückt.Instead of a single gap or a single Slit nozzle can also be a variety of smaller ones Gas outlet openings surround the burner outlet, that are closely spaced from each other. The following also applies here that the burner outlet and the overall arrangement of the gas outlet openings designed as quarter circular nozzles are arranged concentrically and that too due to the large number of gas outlet openings or nozzles a completely surrounding the flame of the burner Gas jacket flow is generated, which is the emergence suppressed by ring vortices.
Es muß dabei gesehen werden, daß grundsätzlich Brenneraustritt und Düse(n) nicht in einer Ebene angeordnet sein müssen, solange sichergestellt ist, daß der die Flamme umströmende Gasmantel in den kritischen Bereichen, in denen Ringwirbel entstehen können, eine ausreichende Beschleunigung der Randbereiche der Flamme bewirken können, um eine Wirbelbildung zu unterbinden.It must be seen that fundamentally Burner outlet and nozzle (s) not arranged on one level as long as it is ensured that the the gas jacket flowing around the flame in the critical Areas in which ring vortices can arise, a sufficient acceleration of the peripheral areas of the Flame can cause vortex formation prevent.
Dies wird insbesondere dann erfüllt, wenn die Ausströmrichtung der Düsen im wesentlichen parallel zur Brennerachse ist. Aber auch durch eine entsprechende Winkelanstellung der Düsen gegen die Brennerachse kann erreicht werden, daß ein die Flamme in ihrem Randbereich ummantelnder Gasstrom aus den Düsen austritt.This is particularly true when the outflow direction of the nozzles substantially parallel to Burner axis is. But also by an appropriate one Angle adjustment of the nozzles against the burner axis can be achieved that the flame in their Edge area encasing gas flow from the nozzles exit.
Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels. Dabei zeigt
Figur 1- Schnitt durch einen Brenner zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.
- Figure 1
- Section through a burner for performing the method according to the invention.
In der Figur 1 ist ein Brenner zur Durchführung des
erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens dargestellt: Es handet
sich um einen Drallbrenner, dem eine vorgemischte
Brenngas-/Luftmischung 1 über ein Brennerrohr 2 zugeführt
wird. Dieses Brennerrohr endet an einem Drallgeschränk
3, das rotationssymmetrisch ist und an seinem
Außenumfang geneigte Leitschaufeln 4 aufweist.
Diese Leitschaufeln haben eine Neigung von etwa 30°,
wodurch das ausströmende Brenngas-/Luftgemisch eine
Ablenkung und damit einen Drall erfährt. Des weiteren
sind radial etwas weiter innen als die Leitschaufeln
4 über den Umfang verteilt mehrere durch das Drallgeschränk
3 hindurchlaufende Lochbohrungen 5 angebracht,
durch die ein Teilstrom des Brenngas- /Luftgemisches
hindurchströmen kann und so durch Pilotflammenbildung
zur Flammenstabilisierung beiträgt. Auf der
Außenseite 6 des Drallgeschränks wird das aus dem
Brenner austretende Brenngas-/Luftgemisch entzündet
und bildet eine Flamme 12, die in eine in der Figur 1
nicht dargestellte Brennerkammer eintritt.In Figure 1, a burner for performing the
Shown method according to the invention: It acts
a swirl burner with a premixed one
Fuel gas /
Die Flamme 12 des Brenners wird von einem Mantel
aus
Gas umströmt. Dieser Mantel wird durch eine Gasströmung
8 bewirkt, die durch einen Ringkanal 7 parallel zum
Brennerrohr 2 durch den Brenner hindurchgeführt wird
und an einem Ringspalt 9 aus dem Brenner austritt, der
das Drallgeschränk 3 eng beabstandet umgibt. Um die
Gasströmung 8 vor ihrem Austreten aus dem Ringkanal zu
beschleunigen, sind in den Endbereich des Ringkanals
Viertelkreisdüsen 10 eingebaut, die eine starke Beschleunigung
insbesondere der Außenbereiche der Gasmantelströmung
in Axialrichtung (das heißt parallel zur
Achse 11 des Brenners) bewirken.The
Die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der aus dem Ringspalt 9
austretenden Gasmantelströmung ist aufgrund der Viertelkreisdüsen
10 soweit beschleunigt, daß die Geschwindigkeit
in Richtung der Achse 11 erheblich höher ist
als die in Richtung der Flamme des verbrennenden Brenngas-/Luftgemisches
hinter dem Drallgeschränk 3, wodurch
im Bereich zwischen dem in einer Flamme verbrennenden
Brenngas-/ Luftgemisch und der ihn eng umschließenden
Gasmantelströmung eine Grenzschichtbeschleunigung des
verbrennenden Brenngas-/Luftgemisches erfolgt. Damit
wird wirksam verhindert, daß es im Randbereich des
Brenngas/Luftgemisches zur Ausbildung periodischer, kohärenter
Ringwirbelstrukturen kommt, die durch eine
schnelle Abreaktion des in ihnen enthaltenen Brennstoffes
durch phasenrichtige Energiezufuhr Flammen-/Druckschwingungen
anregen und verstärken.The flow velocity from the annular gap 9
escaping gas jacket flow is due to the quarter circle nozzles
10 accelerated so far that the speed
is significantly higher in the direction of the
Somit wird eine einfache aber wirkungsvolle Möglichkeit angegeben, derartige Flammen-/Druckschwingungen sicher zu unterbinden und damit die Betriebssicherheit entsprechender Feuerungsanlagen zu erhöhen. This will be a simple but effective way specified, such flame / pressure vibrations safely to prevent and thus the operational safety accordingly Increase combustion plants.
Claims (16)
- Method of suppressing flame/pressure pulsations in a furnace having a burner with which a flame is produced and having a combustion chamber into which the flame is directed, characterised in that the flame is surrounded by a flow of gas having a higher flow velocity in the flame propagation direction than the outer regions of the flame in order to be able to effect there a sufficient acceleration of the flame, so that the formation of reactive vortices in those regions is counteracted.
- Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the gas does not contain fuel.
- Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the gas contains fuel.
- Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the gas is air.
- Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the gas is an inert gas, especially nitrogen, steam or burnt out exhaust gas.
- Method according to claim 3, characterised in that the gas is a fuel/air mixture which contains fuel in a concentration outside the limits of ignition.
- Method according to claim 3, characterised in that the gas is a fuel/air mixture which contains fuel in a concentration inside the limits of ignition.
- Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the surrounding gas flow is substantially cylindrical.
- Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the surrounding gas flow is located close to the outer regions of the flame.
- Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the direction of flow of the gas is parallel to the direction of the flame.
- Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the direction of flow of the gas additionally has a radial and/or tangential component relative to the direction of the flame.
- Furnace for carrying out the method according to any one or more of the preceding claims, having a burner for producing a flame and having a combustion chamber into which the flame is directed, the furnace having a gas outlet opening (9) from which gas flows out to surround the flame in the manner of a jacket and in which quarter circle section nozzles (10) are incorporated in order to achieve a strong acceleration of the outer regions of the surrounding gas flow and thus a sufficient acceleration of the outer regions of the flame.
- Furnace according to claim 12, characterised in that the gas outlet opening is constructed in the form of a slot (9) and closely surrounds the burner outlet.
- Furnace according to claim 13, characterised in that the burner outlet is rotationally symmetrical and the slot is an annular slot (9).
- Furnace according to claim 14, characterised in that the burner outlet and the annular slot are arranged concentrically.
- Furnace according to claim 12, characterised in that the direction of outflow from the gas outlet opening is substantially parallel to the central axis of the burner.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19526369 | 1995-07-20 | ||
| DE19526369A DE19526369A1 (en) | 1995-07-20 | 1995-07-20 | Method and appliance for eliminating fluctuations in flames and pressure in furnace with flame-producing burner |
| DE19542681A DE19542681A1 (en) | 1995-07-20 | 1995-11-16 | Method and device for suppressing flame / pressure vibrations in a furnace |
| DE19542681 | 1995-11-16 |
Publications (4)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0754908A2 EP0754908A2 (en) | 1997-01-22 |
| EP0754908A3 EP0754908A3 (en) | 1998-01-21 |
| EP0754908B1 EP0754908B1 (en) | 1998-09-09 |
| EP0754908B2 true EP0754908B2 (en) | 2001-04-18 |
Family
ID=26016953
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96109647A Expired - Lifetime EP0754908B2 (en) | 1995-07-20 | 1996-06-15 | Method and apparatus for suspressing flame and pressure vibrations in a furnace |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5758587A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0754908B2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3755934B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1146543A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE170968T1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ202696A3 (en) |
| IN (1) | IN189365B (en) |
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0931979A1 (en) * | 1998-01-23 | 1999-07-28 | DVGW Deutscher Verein des Gas- und Wasserfaches -Technisch-wissenschaftliche Vereinigung- | Method and apparatus for supressing flame and pressure fluctuations in a furnace |
| WO1999063276A1 (en) * | 1998-06-04 | 1999-12-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Fuel jet injector and method for injecting a fuel jet |
| EP0985877A1 (en) * | 1998-09-10 | 2000-03-15 | Abb Research Ltd. | Device and method for minimizing thermoacoustic oscillations in gas turbine combustion chambers |
| DE59812944D1 (en) * | 1998-09-16 | 2005-08-25 | Alstom Technology Ltd Baden | Method for preventing flow instabilities in a burner |
| EP1001214B1 (en) * | 1998-11-09 | 2004-09-15 | ALSTOM Technology Ltd | Burner |
| DE10000415A1 (en) * | 2000-01-07 | 2001-09-06 | Alstom Power Schweiz Ag Baden | Method and device for suppressing flow vortices within a fluid power machine |
| DE10004475C2 (en) * | 2000-02-02 | 2002-08-22 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Swirl burner with a swirl body as the burner element in a combustion chamber |
| US6652265B2 (en) | 2000-12-06 | 2003-11-25 | North American Manufacturing Company | Burner apparatus and method |
| DE60113792T2 (en) * | 2001-01-04 | 2006-06-22 | Haldor Topsoe A/S | swirl burner |
| GB2375601A (en) * | 2001-05-18 | 2002-11-20 | Siemens Ag | Burner apparatus for reducing combustion vibrations |
| US6929469B2 (en) * | 2002-02-28 | 2005-08-16 | North American Manufacturing Company | Burner apparatus |
| ES2309128T3 (en) * | 2002-09-20 | 2008-12-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | PRE-MIXED BURNER WITH PROFILED AIR MASS CURRENT, GAS TURBINE AND PROCEDURE FOR BURNING FUEL IN AIR. |
| US7513115B2 (en) * | 2005-05-23 | 2009-04-07 | Power Systems Mfg., Llc | Flashback suppression system for a gas turbine combustor |
| FR2925657B1 (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2010-01-29 | Mer Joseph Le | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR STABILIZING THE PRESSURE AND FLOW OF A GAS MIXTURE SUPPLYING A SURFACE COMBUSTION CYLINDRICAL BURNER |
| DE102008006607B4 (en) | 2008-01-30 | 2011-03-03 | Ibu-Tec Advanced Materials Ag | Process for the preparation of finely divided particles |
| US9121609B2 (en) * | 2008-10-14 | 2015-09-01 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for introducing diluent flow into a combustor |
| US8474265B2 (en) * | 2009-07-29 | 2013-07-02 | General Electric Company | Fuel nozzle for a turbine combustor, and methods of forming same |
| US8708696B2 (en) * | 2010-01-05 | 2014-04-29 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Swirl-counter-swirl microjets for thermoacoustic instability suppression |
| DE102011011207A1 (en) * | 2011-02-14 | 2012-08-16 | Air Liquide Deutschland Gmbh | Burner for uniform heating of a long oven |
| MX370842B (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2020-01-08 | Schlumberger Technology Bv | Burner assembly for flaring low calorific gases. |
| GB2524167A (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2015-09-16 | Breen Energy Solutions | Method of co-firing coal or oil with a gaseous fuel in a furnace |
| US10767900B2 (en) | 2015-05-14 | 2020-09-08 | Lochinvar, Llc | Burner with flow distribution member |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4231788A1 (en) † | 1992-09-23 | 1994-03-24 | Koerting Ag | Burners for liquid or gaseous fuels |
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| US2360548A (en) * | 1944-10-17 | Combustion method | ||
| US1258654A (en) * | 1915-07-19 | 1918-03-12 | Railway Materials Company | Apparatus for burning pulverized fuel. |
| US1950044A (en) * | 1931-05-18 | 1934-03-06 | Surface Combustion Corp | Method of and apparatus for producing stable luminous flame combustion |
| US2138998A (en) * | 1936-06-24 | 1938-12-06 | John P Brosius | Burner unit |
| US3632313A (en) * | 1969-04-17 | 1972-01-04 | Du Pont | Method of heating oxygen-containing gases for the production of titanium dioxide pigment |
| US3681003A (en) * | 1970-04-13 | 1972-08-01 | Kuibyshevsky Vni Skogo I Nefte | Gas burner |
| US4162890A (en) * | 1977-05-02 | 1979-07-31 | Bloom Engineering Company, Inc. | Combustion apparatus |
| JPS5819929B2 (en) * | 1978-07-11 | 1983-04-20 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Low NO↓x burner |
| SU1058391A1 (en) * | 1980-08-18 | 1984-11-15 | Научно-производственное объединение по технологии машиностроения | Method of burning gaseous fuel and burner for effecting same |
| DE3331989A1 (en) * | 1983-09-05 | 1985-04-04 | L. & C. Steinmüller GmbH, 5270 Gummersbach | METHOD FOR REDUCING NO (DOWN ARROW) X (DOWN ARROW) EMISSIONS FROM THE COMBUSTION OF NITROGENOUS FUELS |
| CN85100050B (en) * | 1985-04-01 | 1986-06-10 | 清华大学 | Intensified synclastic fluid flame stabilization and the burner |
| FR2581444B1 (en) * | 1985-05-03 | 1988-11-10 | Charbonnages De France | PROCESS FOR THE COMBUSTION OF FLUID FUELS AND A TURBULENCE BURNER SUITABLE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION |
| DE3636787A1 (en) * | 1986-10-29 | 1988-05-19 | Man Technologie Gmbh | Burner with an oil-atomising device |
| CH682009A5 (en) * | 1990-11-02 | 1993-06-30 | Asea Brown Boveri | |
| US5199355A (en) * | 1991-08-23 | 1993-04-06 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Low nox short flame burner |
| US5209656A (en) * | 1991-08-29 | 1993-05-11 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Combustion system for high velocity gas injection |
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| JP3272447B2 (en) * | 1993-03-10 | 2002-04-08 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Burner for gas fuel |
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-
1996
- 1996-06-15 AT AT96109647T patent/ATE170968T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-06-15 EP EP96109647A patent/EP0754908B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-08 CZ CZ962026A patent/CZ202696A3/en unknown
- 1996-07-10 IN IN1255CA1996 patent/IN189365B/en unknown
- 1996-07-17 US US08/682,230 patent/US5758587A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-07-19 JP JP18982196A patent/JP3755934B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-19 CN CN96110270.5A patent/CN1146543A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4231788A1 (en) † | 1992-09-23 | 1994-03-24 | Koerting Ag | Burners for liquid or gaseous fuels |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IN189365B (en) | 2003-02-15 |
| EP0754908B1 (en) | 1998-09-09 |
| CZ202696A3 (en) | 1997-02-12 |
| ATE170968T1 (en) | 1998-09-15 |
| JPH09178113A (en) | 1997-07-11 |
| US5758587A (en) | 1998-06-02 |
| EP0754908A3 (en) | 1998-01-21 |
| EP0754908A2 (en) | 1997-01-22 |
| CN1146543A (en) | 1997-04-02 |
| JP3755934B2 (en) | 2006-03-15 |
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