EP0752714A1 - Gas-blast switch - Google Patents

Gas-blast switch Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0752714A1
EP0752714A1 EP96110466A EP96110466A EP0752714A1 EP 0752714 A1 EP0752714 A1 EP 0752714A1 EP 96110466 A EP96110466 A EP 96110466A EP 96110466 A EP96110466 A EP 96110466A EP 0752714 A1 EP0752714 A1 EP 0752714A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure chamber
nozzle
compression
pressure
switch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96110466A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0752714B1 (en
Inventor
Hans-Gerd Dr. Thiel
Matthias Dipl.-Ing. Kudoke
Dieter Dipl.-Ing. Vondereck
Andreas Dipl.-Ing. Schiemann
Achim Dipl.-Ing. Stelter
Viktor Dipl.-Ing. Bierich
Herbert Dr. Karrenbauer
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Areva Energietechnik GmbH
Original Assignee
Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
AEG Energietechnik GmbH
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Publication of EP0752714A1 publication Critical patent/EP0752714A1/en
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Publication of EP0752714B1 publication Critical patent/EP0752714B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/901—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/901—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc
    • H01H2033/902—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc with the gases from hot space and compression volume following different paths to arc space or nozzle, i.e. the compressed gases do not pass through hot volume
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/901—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc
    • H01H33/903—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc and assisting the operating mechanism

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas pressure switch with two movable contact pieces, between which an arc arises when switching off in a switching path limited by the contact pieces, with a pressure chamber, into which quenching gas heated by the arc penetrates via at least one flow channel, and with a compression device with a fixed compression piston and one when switching off against this shifting compression cylinder, the quenching gas compressed in between blowing the arc in the event of small switch-off currents.
  • Such a pressure gas switch is known from DE 34 38 635 A1.
  • a compression device with a compression space, in which extinguishing gas is compressed in the course of a breaking movement.
  • This compression device connects to the end of the pressure chamber facing away from the switching path.
  • the compressed quenching gas flows through openings from the compression space through the pressure chamber to the switching path.
  • a disadvantage of this arrangement is the gas flow through the pressure chamber, since the compressed extinguishing gas must first fill the pressure chamber before an effective extinguishing gas pressure can be built up. A large amount of compressed extinguishing gas is therefore required. This requires a large cross section of the compression piston and a correspondingly large compression performance.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a gas pressure switch, which is characterized by a high breaking capacity with low load on the drive.
  • This object is achieved in that small switch-off currents in the pressure chamber generate too low a pressure to generate the quenching gas flow required to blow the arc itself, whereas large switch-off currents generate the quenching gas flow required to blow the arc by a pressure build-up in the pressure chamber itself and that from the compression space to Switching distance is guided at least one channel separated from the pressure chamber, the internal volume of which is smaller than that of the pressure chamber.
  • the auxiliary blower is arranged completely spatially separate from the pressure chamber. As a result, the compressed extinguishing gas can penetrate directly into the area between the contact pieces, without going through the pressure cameras.
  • the cross-sectional area of the flow channel (leading into the pressure chamber) (in the narrowest area) is larger than the cross-sectional area of the channel that defines the compression space connects to the switching path.
  • a particularly good blowing of the arc can be achieved in that the mutually facing ends of the contact pieces are laterally surrounded by an insulating nozzle.
  • the insulating material nozzle can have a step toward the central axis of the pressure gas switch; it has a larger inner diameter in the direction of the pressure chamber than in the other direction. The insulating material nozzle moves together with the pressure chamber and the compression cylinder during switching operations.
  • heated and ionized quenching gas can be effectively removed from the area of the switching path during the blowing.
  • the narrowest cross-section of the duct coming from the compression space (for example directly at the outlet to the nozzle space) can be considerably smaller than the sum of the cross-sectional areas through which quenching gas flows out of the space of the switching path.
  • a flow channel can be formed which opens laterally into the nozzle chamber.
  • the arc is blown favorably from the side.
  • One of the two contact pieces can be connected to the pressure chamber, the compression cylinder, the insulating material nozzle and the auxiliary nozzle, so that all these parts move together when switched off.
  • the drive of the compressed gas switch can also master the high pressure values of the extinguishing gas that sometimes occur in the compression chamber.
  • the compression chamber can be provided with a pressure relief valve; this limits the maximum extinguishing gas pressure.
  • the contact piece firmly connected to the pressure chamber is a hollow contact piece and the extinguishing gas flowing through the hollow contact piece when switched off is passed through at least one opening into a chamber located beyond the compression space, the pressure which arises there creates a force which is used to support the switch-off movement can. This relieves the pressure gas switch drive.
  • the gas pressure switch is limited by a switch housing (not shown) and filled with extinguishing gas, for example SF 6 , and has a fixed contact piece, namely the switching pin 1, and a hollow contact piece 2 as a movable contact piece.
  • extinguishing gas for example SF 6
  • the compressed gas switch contains a mechanical auxiliary blower with a compression cylinder 4, which moves against a compression piston 5 during a switch-off movement and is penetrated in the longitudinal direction in the middle by the movable hollow contact piece 2.
  • a mechanical auxiliary blower with a compression cylinder 4, which moves against a compression piston 5 during a switch-off movement and is penetrated in the longitudinal direction in the middle by the movable hollow contact piece 2.
  • extinguishing gas is compressed when switching off, which blows the arc in the case of small switching currents, as will be explained in more detail below.
  • the compression cylinder 4 is rigidly connected to the hollow contact piece 2.
  • an insulating nozzle 9 is attached on the outside, which surrounds the two mutually facing ends of the contact pieces.
  • the insulating material nozzle 9 has a step on the inside in its longitudinal direction, specifically in a region facing the pressure chamber 3 it has a larger inner diameter than in an adjoining region facing away from the pressure chamber 3.
  • This latter area forms a passage between the space in which an arc is formed when it is switched off and the interior of the compressed gas switch surrounding the insulating material nozzle 9.
  • the passage is closed by the switching pin 1 in the switched-on position of the pressure gas switch and is only released in the course of a switch-off movement.
  • an auxiliary nozzle 10 is arranged at a distance, which is arranged with its outer surface parallel to the inner surface of the insulating material nozzle 9.
  • a flow channel 11 is formed through the space between the auxiliary nozzle 10 and the insulating material nozzle 9, which creates a connection between the pressure chamber 3 and the space between the contact pieces via an opening in the cover of the pressure chamber 3 facing the switching path.
  • the auxiliary nozzle 10 Similar to the insulating material nozzle 9, the auxiliary nozzle 10 also has a step on its inner radius.
  • the area of the auxiliary nozzle 10 facing the pressure chamber 3 has a larger inner diameter than the area facing away from the pressure chamber 3.
  • the end of the movable hollow contact piece 2 facing the switching path projects into this gradation.
  • the channel 8 coming from the compression space 6 continues between the auxiliary nozzle 10 and the hollow contact piece 2.
  • the channel 8 is created by the aforementioned step in the auxiliary nozzle 10 so that the extinguishing gas flows radially into the area of the switching path between the contact pieces. Since the auxiliary blowing only extinguishes arcs from small switch-off currents, the narrowest cross-section of this channel 8, which is expediently arranged directly at the junction in the space between the contact pieces, can be considerably smaller than the sum of the cross-sectional areas between the insulating material nozzle 9 that is released when the switch is switched off and the cross-sectional inner surface of the hollow contact piece 2. By this measure and by bypassing the large dead volume formed by the pressure chamber 3, the cross-section of the compression piston 5 can be reduced considerably.
  • the quenching gas flows - as already known per se - through the passage in the insulating nozzle 9 and through the hollow contact piece 2 into an expansion volume surrounding the pressure chamber 3 and the compression space 6.
  • This expansion volume is surrounded by a switch housing, not shown, as the interior of the compressed gas switch.

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Abstract

The switch has two contact members movable relative to each other. An arc is produced between them in a switch path defined by the contacts at switch-off. The switch has a pressure chamber (3). Quenching gas heated by the arc passes into this chamber (3) via at least one flow channel (11). The switch also has a compression device with a stationary compression piston (5) and a compression cylinder (4). The latter moves relative to the piston (5) at switch-off. The quenching gas, compressed between the cylinder and the piston, blows out the arc in the case of a smaller switch-off current. Small switch-off currents generate in the pressure chamber (3) a pressure which is too small to automatically generate the extinguishing flow necessary to put out the arc. Alternatively, large currents automatically generate the required flow by a build-up of pressure in the pressure chamber (3). At least one channel (8) separated from the pressure chamber (3) leads from the compression chamber (6) to the switch path. The inner volume of this channel is smaller than that of the pressure chamber (3).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Druckgasschalter mit zwei zueinder beweglichen Kontaktstücken, zwischen denen in einer von den Kontaktstücken begrenzten Schaltstrecke beim Ausschalten ein Lichtbogen entsteht, mit einer Druckkammer, in die über mindestens einen Strömungskanal vom Lichtbogen erhitztes Löschgas eindringt und mit einer Kompressionseinrichtung mit einem feststehendem Kompressionskolben und einem beim Ausschalten gegen diesen sich verschiebenden Kompressionszylinder, wobei das dazwischen komprimierte Löschgas im Falle kleiner Ausschaltströme den Lichtbogen bebläst.The invention relates to a gas pressure switch with two movable contact pieces, between which an arc arises when switching off in a switching path limited by the contact pieces, with a pressure chamber, into which quenching gas heated by the arc penetrates via at least one flow channel, and with a compression device with a fixed compression piston and one when switching off against this shifting compression cylinder, the quenching gas compressed in between blowing the arc in the event of small switch-off currents.

Ein derartiger Druckgasschalter ist aus der DE 34 38 635 A1 bekannt. Für die Beblasung von Lichtbögen, die sich aufgrund niedriger Ausschaltströme bilden, ist eine Kompressionseinrichtung mit einem Kompressionsraum vorhanden, in dem im Zuge einer Ausschaltbewegung Löschgas komprimiert wird. Diese Kompressionseinrichtung schließt sich an das der Schaltstrecke abgewandte Ende der Druckkammer an. Bei einer Beblasung eines Lichtbogens strömt das komprimierte Löschgas durch Öffnungen aus dem Kompressionsraum durch die Druckkammer zur Schaltstrecke. Nachteilig bei dieser Anordnung ist die Gasführung durch die Druckkammer, da das komprimierte Löschgas zunächst die Druckkammer auffüllen muß, ehe ein wirksamer Löschgasdruck aufgebaut werden kann. Es ist daher eine große komprimierte Löschgasmenge erforderlich. Dies verlangt einen großen Querschnitt des Kompressionskolbens und eine entsprechend große Kompressionsleistung.Such a pressure gas switch is known from DE 34 38 635 A1. For the blowing of arcs, which are formed due to low breaking currents, there is a compression device with a compression space, in which extinguishing gas is compressed in the course of a breaking movement. This compression device connects to the end of the pressure chamber facing away from the switching path. When an arc is blown, the compressed quenching gas flows through openings from the compression space through the pressure chamber to the switching path. A disadvantage of this arrangement is the gas flow through the pressure chamber, since the compressed extinguishing gas must first fill the pressure chamber before an effective extinguishing gas pressure can be built up. A large amount of compressed extinguishing gas is therefore required. This requires a large cross section of the compression piston and a correspondingly large compression performance.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Druckgasschalter zu schaffen, der sich durch ein hohes Ausschaltvermögen bei geringer Belastung des Antriebs auszeichnet.The invention has for its object to provide a gas pressure switch, which is characterized by a high breaking capacity with low load on the drive.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß kleine Ausschaltströme in der Druckkammer einen zu geringen Druck erzeugen, um die zur Beblasung des Lichtbogens erforderliche Löschgasströmung selbst zu erzeugen, daß demgegenüber große Ausschaltströme die zur Beblasung des Lichtbogens erforderliche Löschgasströmung durch einen Druckaufbau in der Druckkammer selbst erzeugen und daß vom Kompressionsraum zur Schaltstrecke mindestens ein von der Druckkammer getrennter Kanal geführt ist, dessen Innenvolumen kleiner ist als das der Druckkammer.This object is achieved in that small switch-off currents in the pressure chamber generate too low a pressure to generate the quenching gas flow required to blow the arc itself, whereas large switch-off currents generate the quenching gas flow required to blow the arc by a pressure build-up in the pressure chamber itself and that from the compression space to Switching distance is guided at least one channel separated from the pressure chamber, the internal volume of which is smaller than that of the pressure chamber.

Bei diesem Druckgasschalter ist die Hilfsbeblasung vollständig räumlich getrennt von der Druckkammer angeordnet. Dadurch kann das komprimierte Löschgas unmittelbar - ohne den Umweg über die Druckkamer - in den Bereich zwischen den Kontaktstücken eindringen.In this pressure gas switch, the auxiliary blower is arranged completely spatially separate from the pressure chamber. As a result, the compressed extinguishing gas can penetrate directly into the area between the contact pieces, without going through the pressure cameras.

Damit das vom Lichtbogen erhitzte Löschgas zunächst hauptsächlich in die Druckkammer eindringt (und nicht in den Kompressionsraum), ist in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform die Querschnittsfläche des (in die Druckkammer führenden) Strömungskanals (im engsten Bereich) größer als die Querschnittsfläche des Kanals, der den Kompressionsraum mit der Schaltstrecke verbindet.In order that the extinguishing gas heated by the arc initially penetrates mainly into the pressure chamber (and not into the compression space), in a preferred embodiment the cross-sectional area of the flow channel (leading into the pressure chamber) (in the narrowest area) is larger than the cross-sectional area of the channel that defines the compression space connects to the switching path.

Eine besonders gute Beblasung des Lichtbogens läßt sich dadurch erzielen, daß die einander zugewandten Enden der Kontaktstücke seitlich von einer Isolierstoffdüse umgeben sind. Die Isolierstoffdüse kann zur Mittelachse des Druckgasschalters eine Stufung aufweisen; dazu hat sie in Richtung der Druckkammer einen größeren Innendurchmesser als in der anderen Richtung. Die Isolierstoffdüse bewegt sich bei Schaltvorgängen zusammen mit der Druckkammer und dem Kompressionszylinder.A particularly good blowing of the arc can be achieved in that the mutually facing ends of the contact pieces are laterally surrounded by an insulating nozzle. The insulating material nozzle can have a step toward the central axis of the pressure gas switch; it has a larger inner diameter in the direction of the pressure chamber than in the other direction. The insulating material nozzle moves together with the pressure chamber and the compression cylinder during switching operations.

Bei Verwendung eines Hohlkontaktstücks, das mit einem Schaltstift zusammenwirkt, kann erhitztes und ionisiertes Löschgas während der Beblasung aus dem Bereich der Schaltstrecke wirkungsvoll abgeleitet werden.When using a hollow contact piece that interacts with a switching pin, heated and ionized quenching gas can be effectively removed from the area of the switching path during the blowing.

Dadurch daß der Schaltstift zunächst den Düsenraum verschließt und erst im Zuge einer Ausschaltbewegung den Durchlaß in der Isolierstoffdüse freigibt, kann sich zu Beginn des Ausschaltvorgangs im Düsenraum ein hoher Druck aufbauen, der das Löschen des Lichtbogens begünstigt.Because the switching pin initially closes the nozzle chamber and only releases the passage in the insulating material in the course of a switch-off movement, a high pressure can build up in the nozzle chamber at the beginning of the switch-off process, which promotes the extinguishing of the arc.

Da die Kompressionseinrichtung lediglich zum Löschen von Lichtbögen kleiner Ausschaltströme dient, kann der engste Querschnitt des von dem Kompressionsraum kommenden Kanals (beispielsweise unmittelbar am Austritt zum Düsenraum) erheblich kleiner sein als die Summe der Querschnittsflächen, durch die Löschgas aus dem Raum der Schaltstrecke abströmt.Since the compression device only serves to extinguish arcs of small breaking currents, the narrowest cross-section of the duct coming from the compression space (for example directly at the outlet to the nozzle space) can be considerably smaller than the sum of the cross-sectional areas through which quenching gas flows out of the space of the switching path.

Mit dieser Maßnahme werden die Lichtbögen besonders wirkungsvoll beblasen.This measure blows the arcs particularly effectively.

Durch die Anordnung einer Hilfsdüse in der gestuften Isolierstoffdüse läßt sich ein Strömungskanal ausbilden, der seitlich in den Düsenraum einmündet. In diesem Fall wird der Lichtbogen günstig von der Seite beblasen.By arranging an auxiliary nozzle in the stepped insulating material nozzle, a flow channel can be formed which opens laterally into the nozzle chamber. In this case, the arc is blown favorably from the side.

Eines der beiden Kontaktstücke kann mit der Druckkammer, dem Kompressionszylinder, der Isolierstoffdüse und der Hilfsdüse verbunden sein, so daß sich alle diese Teile beim Ausschalten zusammen bewegen.One of the two contact pieces can be connected to the pressure chamber, the compression cylinder, the insulating material nozzle and the auxiliary nozzle, so that all these parts move together when switched off.

Wenn die Oberfläche des Kompressionskolbens möglichst stark verkleinert wird, kann der Antrieb des Druckgasschalters auch die zeitweise im Kompressionsraum entstehenden hohen Druckwerte des Löschgases beherrschen. Stattdessen (oder zustätzlich) kann der Kompressionsraum mit einem Überdruckventil versehen werden; der maximale Löschgasdruck wird dadurch begrenzt.If the surface of the compression piston is reduced as much as possible, the drive of the compressed gas switch can also master the high pressure values of the extinguishing gas that sometimes occur in the compression chamber. Instead (or in addition) the compression chamber can be provided with a pressure relief valve; this limits the maximum extinguishing gas pressure.

Wenn das mit der Druckkammer fest verbundene Kontaktstück ein Hohlkontaktstück ist und das beim Ausschalten durch das Hohlkontaktstück strömende Löschgas durch mindestens eine Öffnung in eine jenseits des Kompressionsraums liegende Kammer geleitet wird, ruft der dort entstehende Druck eine Kraft hervor, die zur Unterstützung der Ausschaltbewegung genutzt werden kann. Der Antrieb des Druckgasschalters wird dadurch entlastet.If the contact piece firmly connected to the pressure chamber is a hollow contact piece and the extinguishing gas flowing through the hollow contact piece when switched off is passed through at least one opening into a chamber located beyond the compression space, the pressure which arises there creates a force which is used to support the switch-off movement can. This relieves the pressure gas switch drive.

Im folgenden wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand einer Zeichnung, aus der sich weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile ergeben, näher beschrieben.An exemplary embodiment of the invention is described in more detail below with reference to a drawing, from which further details and advantages result.

Es zeigt die Fig. einen Längsschnitt durch einen Druckgasschalter.It shows the Fig. A longitudinal section through a gas pressure switch.

Der Druckgasschalter ist durch ein (nicht dargestelltes Schaltergehäuse) begrenzt und mit Löschgas, beispielsweise SF6, gefüllt und weist ein feststehendes Kontaktstück, nämlich den Schaltstift 1, und ein Hohlkontaktstück 2 als bewegliches Kontaktstück auf. Beim Ausschalten von Strömen bildet sich in der von den sich auseinanderbewegenden Kontaktstücken gebildeten Schaltstrecke ein Lichtbogen aus.The gas pressure switch is limited by a switch housing (not shown) and filled with extinguishing gas, for example SF 6 , and has a fixed contact piece, namely the switching pin 1, and a hollow contact piece 2 as a movable contact piece. When currents are switched off, an arc is formed in the switching path formed by the moving contact pieces.

Im Verlaufe eines Ausschaltvorgangs wird während der Hochstromphase (d. h. während des überwiegenden Teils einer Kurzschlußstromhalbwelle) durch die vom Lichtbogen ausgehende Strahlung die Umgebung des Lichtbogens aufgeheizt. Infolge des dadurch entstehenden Überdrucks im Düsenraum strömt ein Teil des heißen Löschgases in eine Druckkammer 3 und bewirkt mit dem dort vorhandenen Löschgas einen Druckaufbau. Wenn die Lichtbogenenergie zum Stromnulldurchgang abnimmt, bewirkt dieser Druck eine Umkehrung der Strömung aus der Druckkammer in die Schaltstrecke.In the course of a switch-off operation, during the high-current phase (i.e. during the predominant part of a short-circuit current half-wave), the surroundings of the arc are heated up by the radiation emanating from the arc. As a result of the resulting excess pressure in the nozzle chamber, part of the hot extinguishing gas flows into a pressure chamber 3 and causes a pressure build-up with the extinguishing gas there. When the arc energy decreases towards zero current, this pressure reverses the flow from the pressure chamber into the switching path.

Da die umgesetzte Lichtbogenleistung dem Quadrat der Stromstärke proportional ist, wird durch diese Strömung nur im Falle von Kurzschlußstromunterbrechungen der Lichtbogen gelöscht.Since the converted arc power is proportional to the square of the current, this flow quenches the arc only in the event of short-circuit current interruptions.

Zur Unterbrechung kleiner Ausschaltströme enthält der Druckgasschalter eine mechanische Hilfsbeblasung mit einem Kompressionszylinder 4, der sich bei einer Ausschaltbewegung gegen einem Kompressionskolben 5 bewegt und von dem beweglichen Hohlkontakstück 2 in Längsrichtung in der Mitte durchdrungen ist. In dem Kompressionsraum 6 zwischen Kompressionszylinder 4 und Kompressionskolben 5 wird beim Ausschalten Löschgas komprimiert, welches im Falle von kleinen Ausschaltströmen den Lichtbogen bebläst, wie weiter unten noch näher ausgeführt wird.To interrupt small switch-off currents, the compressed gas switch contains a mechanical auxiliary blower with a compression cylinder 4, which moves against a compression piston 5 during a switch-off movement and is penetrated in the longitudinal direction in the middle by the movable hollow contact piece 2. In the compression chamber 6 between the compression cylinder 4 and the compression piston 5, extinguishing gas is compressed when switching off, which blows the arc in the case of small switching currents, as will be explained in more detail below.

Der Kompressionszylinder 4 ist starr mit dem Hohlkontaktstück 2 verbunden. In Richtung der Schaltstrecke grenzt an den Kompressionszylinder 4 die Druckkammer 3, die als Ringraum das Hohlkontaktstück 2 umschließt.
Zwischen der der Längsachse des Druckgasschalters zugewandten Außenwand 7 der Druckkammer 3 und dem Hohlkontaktstück 2 besteht ein Abstand, der einen Kanal 8 zur Verbindung des Kompressionsraumes 6 mit dem Raum zwischen den Kontaktstücken bildet, in dem sich die Schaltstrecke ausdehnt.The compression cylinder 4 is rigidly connected to the hollow contact piece 2. The pressure chamber 3, which surrounds the hollow contact piece 2 as an annular space, borders on the compression cylinder 4 in the direction of the switching path.
There is a distance between the outer wall 7 of the pressure chamber 3 facing the longitudinal axis of the pressure gas switch and the hollow contact piece 2, which forms a channel 8 for connecting the compression space 6 to the space between the contact pieces, in which the switching path expands.

An dem der Schaltstrecke zugewandten Ende der Druckkammer 3 ist außen eine Isolierstoffdüse 9 angebracht, die die beiden einander zugewandten Enden der Kontaktstücke umgibt. Die Isolierstoffdüse 9 weist innen in ihrer Längsrichtung eine Stufung auf, und zwar hat sie in einem der Druckkammer 3 zugewandten Bereich einen größeren Innendurchmesser als in einem daran anschließenden, der Druckkammer 3 abgewandten Bereich.At the end of the pressure chamber 3 facing the switching path, an insulating nozzle 9 is attached on the outside, which surrounds the two mutually facing ends of the contact pieces. The insulating material nozzle 9 has a step on the inside in its longitudinal direction, specifically in a region facing the pressure chamber 3 it has a larger inner diameter than in an adjoining region facing away from the pressure chamber 3.

Dieser letztgenannte Bereich bildet einen Durchlaß zwischen dem Raum, in dem sich beim Ausschalten ein Lichtbogen ausbildet, und dem die Isolierstoffdüse 9 umgebenden Innenraum des Druckgasschalters. Der Durchlaß ist in der Einschaltstellung des Druckgasschalters von dem Schaltstift 1 verschlossen und wird erst im Zuge einer Ausschaltbewegung frei.This latter area forms a passage between the space in which an arc is formed when it is switched off and the interior of the compressed gas switch surrounding the insulating material nozzle 9. The passage is closed by the switching pin 1 in the switched-on position of the pressure gas switch and is only released in the course of a switch-off movement.

In der Stufung der Isolierstoffdüse 9 ist mit Abstand eine Hilfsdüse 10 angebracht, die mit ihrer Außenfläche parallel zur Innenfläche der Isolierstoffdüse 9 angeordnet ist.In the gradation of the insulating material nozzle 9, an auxiliary nozzle 10 is arranged at a distance, which is arranged with its outer surface parallel to the inner surface of the insulating material nozzle 9.

Durch den Zwischenraum zwischen der Hilfsdüse 10 und der Isolierstoffdüse 9 wird ein Strömungskanal 11 gebildet, der über eine Öffnung im der Schaltstrecke zugewandten Deckel der Druckkammer 3 eine Verbindung zwischen der Druckkammer 3 und dem Raum zwischen den Kontaktstücken herstellt.A flow channel 11 is formed through the space between the auxiliary nozzle 10 and the insulating material nozzle 9, which creates a connection between the pressure chamber 3 and the space between the contact pieces via an opening in the cover of the pressure chamber 3 facing the switching path.

Ähnlich wie die Isolierstoffdüse 9 weist auch die Hilfsdüse 10 an ihrem Innenradius eine Stufung auf. Der der Druckkammer 3 zugewandte Bereich der Hilfsdüse 10 hat einen größeren Innendurchmesser als der der Druckkammer 3 abgewandte Bereich. In diese Stufung ragt das der Schaltstrecke zugewandte Ende des beweglichen Hohlkontaktstückes 2 hinein. Im Einschaltzustand des Druckgasschalters durchsetzt der Schaltstift 1 über zwei Durchlässe sowohl die Isolierstoffdüse 9 als auch die Hilfsdüse 10.Similar to the insulating material nozzle 9, the auxiliary nozzle 10 also has a step on its inner radius. The area of the auxiliary nozzle 10 facing the pressure chamber 3 has a larger inner diameter than the area facing away from the pressure chamber 3. The end of the movable hollow contact piece 2 facing the switching path projects into this gradation. When the compressed gas switch is switched on, the switching pin 1 passes through both the insulating material nozzle 9 and the auxiliary nozzle 10 via two passages.

Zwischen der Hilfsdüse 10 und dem Hohlkontaktstück 2 setzt sich der von dem Kompressionsraum 6 kommende Kanal 8 fort. Der Kanal 8 ist durch die erwähnte Stufung in der Hilfsdüse 10 so angelegt, daß das Löschgas radial in den Bereich der Schaltstrecke zwischen den Kontaktstücken einströmt. Da durch die Hilfsbeblasung nur Lichtbögen von kleinen Ausschaltströmen gelöscht werden, kann der engste Querschnitt dieses Kanals 8, der zweckmäßigerweise unmittelbar an der Einmündung in den Raum zwischen den Kontaktstücken angeordnet ist, erheblich kleiner sein als die Summe der Querschnittsflächen zwischen der beim Ausschalten freiwerdenden Isolierstoffdüse 9 und der Querschnittsinnenfläche des Hohlkontaktstücks 2. Durch diese Maßnahme und durch die Umgehung des großen, durch die Druckkammer 3 gebildeten Totvolumens läßt sich der Querschnitt des Kompressionskolbens 5 recht stark verkleinern.The channel 8 coming from the compression space 6 continues between the auxiliary nozzle 10 and the hollow contact piece 2. The channel 8 is created by the aforementioned step in the auxiliary nozzle 10 so that the extinguishing gas flows radially into the area of the switching path between the contact pieces. Since the auxiliary blowing only extinguishes arcs from small switch-off currents, the narrowest cross-section of this channel 8, which is expediently arranged directly at the junction in the space between the contact pieces, can be considerably smaller than the sum of the cross-sectional areas between the insulating material nozzle 9 that is released when the switch is switched off and the cross-sectional inner surface of the hollow contact piece 2. By this measure and by bypassing the large dead volume formed by the pressure chamber 3, the cross-section of the compression piston 5 can be reduced considerably.

Bei der Beblasung des Lichtbogens strömt das Löschgas - wie an sich bereits bekannt - durch den Durchlaß in der Isolierstoffdüse 9 und durch das Hohlkontaktstück 2 in ein die Druckkammer 3 und den Kompressionsraum 6 umgebenes Expansionsvolumen. Dieses Expansionsvolumen ist als Innenraum des Druckgasschalters von einem nicht dargestellten Schaltergehäuse umgeben.When the arc is blown, the quenching gas flows - as already known per se - through the passage in the insulating nozzle 9 and through the hollow contact piece 2 into an expansion volume surrounding the pressure chamber 3 and the compression space 6. This expansion volume is surrounded by a switch housing, not shown, as the interior of the compressed gas switch.

Claims (10)

Druckgasschalter mit zwei zueinder beweglichen Kontaktstücken, zwischen denen in einer von den Kontaktstücken begrenzten Schaltstrecke beim Ausschalten ein Lichtbogen entsteht, mit einer Druckkammer (3), in die über mindestens einen Strömungskanal (11) vom Lichtbogen erhitztes Löschgas eindringt und mit einer Kompressionseinrichtung mit einem feststehendem Kompressionskolben (5) und einem beim Ausschalten gegen diesen sich verschiebenden Kompressionszylinder (4), wobei das dazwischen komprimierte Löschgas im Falle kleiner Ausschaltströme den Lichtbogen bebläst,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß kleine Ausschaltströme in der Druckkammer (3) einen zu geringen Druck erzeugen, um die zur Beblasung des Lichtbogens erforderliche Löschgasströmung selbst zu erzeugen, daß demgegenüber große Ausschaltströme die zur Beblasung des Lichtbogens erforderliche Löschgasströmung durch einen Druckaufbau in der Druckkammer (3) selbst erzeugen und daß vom Kompressionsraum (6) zur Schaltstrecke mindestens ein von der Druckkammer (3) getrennter Kanal (8) geführt ist, dessen Innenvolumen kleiner ist als das der Druckkammer (3).Compressed gas switch with two movable contact pieces, between which an arc arises when switching off in a switching path limited by the contact pieces, with a pressure chamber (3) into which quenching gas heated by the arc penetrates via at least one flow channel (11) and with a compression device with a fixed one Compression piston (5) and a compression cylinder (4) which moves against it when switched off, the quenching gas compressed between them blowing the arc in the event of small switch-off currents,
characterized by
that small switch-off currents in the pressure chamber (3) generate too low a pressure to generate the quenching gas flow required for blowing the arc itself, that large switch-off currents, in contrast, generate the quenching gas flow required for blowing the arc themselves through a pressure build-up in the pressure chamber (3) and that from the compression chamber (6) to the switching path at least one channel (8) separated from the pressure chamber (3) is guided, the internal volume of which is smaller than that of the pressure chamber (3). Druckgasschalter nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der oder die Strömungskanäle (11) in seinem oder ihrem engsten Bereich (in der Summe) eine größere Querschnittsfläche hat oder haben als die (Summe der) Querschnittsfläche(n) im (jeweils) engsten Bereich in dem oder den Kanälen (8).Compressed gas switch according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the flow channel (s) (11) in its or its narrowest area (in total) has or have a larger cross-sectional area than the (sum of) cross-sectional area (s) in the (respectively) narrowest area in the channel (s) (8). Druckgasschalter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die einander zugewandten Enden der Kontaktstücke seitlich von einer Isolierstoffdüse (9) umgeben sind, daß die Isolierstoffdüse (9) zusammen mit der Druckammer (3) und mit dem Kompressionszylinder (4) beim Ausschalten bewegt wird, daß sie an ihrer der Mittelachse des Druckgasschalters zugewandten Wandung eine Stufung aufweist, daß diese Stufung zum einen durch einen der Druckkammer (3) zugewandten Bereich und zum andern durch einen daran anschließenden Bereich der Isolierstoffdüse (9) gebildet wird, wobei der der Druckkammer (3) zugewandte Bereich einen größeren Innendurchmesser hat als der andere Bereich, und daß der Bereich mit dem kleineren Innendurchmesser einen Durchlaß in der Isolierstoffdüse (9) bildet.Compressed gas switch according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
that the mutually facing ends of the contact pieces are laterally surrounded by an insulating nozzle (9), that the insulating nozzle (9) is moved together with the pressure chamber (3) and with the compression cylinder (4) when it is switched off, that it is on the central axis of the gas switch facing wall has a step that this step is formed on the one hand by an area facing the pressure chamber (3) and on the other hand by an adjoining area of the insulating material nozzle (9), the area facing the pressure chamber (3) having a larger inner diameter than the other area, and that the area with the smaller inner diameter forms a passage in the insulating nozzle (9). Druckgasschalter nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das eine Kontaktstück ein Schaltstift (1) ist und das andere Kontaktstück ein Hohlkontaktstück (2).Compressed gas switch according to claim 3,
characterized,
that one contact piece is a switching pin (1) and the other contact piece is a hollow contact piece (2). Druckgasschalter nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Schaltstift (1) beim Ausschalten relativ zu der Isolierstoffdüse (9) bewegt wird, daß im geschlossenen Zustand des Druckgasschalters der Schaltstift (1) den Durchlaß in der Isolierstoffdüse (9) verschließt und daß beim Öffnen des Druckgasschalters der Schaltstift (1) den Durchlaß freigibt.Compressed gas switch according to claim 4,
characterized,
that the switching pin (1) is moved relative to the insulating material nozzle (9) when switched off, that in the closed state of the compressed gas switch the switching pin (1) closes the passage in the insulating material nozzle (9) and that when the compressed gas switch is opened, the switching pin (1) closes the Passage releases. Druckgasschalter nach Anspruch 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß in der Ausschaltstellung des Druckgasschalters die Öffnung(en) an der Einmündung des oder der vom Kompressionraum (6) kommenden und in die Schaltstrecke führenden Kanäle (8) (in der Summe) kleiner sind als die Summe aus der Querschnittsfläche des Durchlasses in der Isolierstoffdüse (9) und aus der von dem Hohlkontaktstück (2) umschlossenen Querschnittsfläche.Compressed gas switch according to claim 5,
characterized,
that in the switched-off position of the pressure gas switch, the opening (s) at the mouth of the channel (s) coming from the compression space (6) and leading into the switching path (in total) are smaller than the sum of the cross-sectional area of the passage in the insulating material nozzle (9) and from the cross-sectional area enclosed by the hollow contact piece (2). Druckgasschalter nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß in der Stufung der Isolierstoffdüse (9) eine beim Ausschalten zusammen mit der Druckkammer (3) und dem Kompressionszylinder (4) sich bewegende Hilfsdüse (10) aus isolierendem Material angebracht ist, wobei zwischen der Hilfsdüse (10) und der Isolierstoffdüse (9) der oder die Strömungskanäle (11) verlaufen.Compressed gas switch according to one of claims 3 to 6,
characterized,
that an auxiliary nozzle (10) of insulating material which moves together with the pressure chamber (3) and the compression cylinder (4) when the isolating material nozzle (9) is switched is attached, the intermediate nozzle (10) and the insulating material nozzle (9) the or the flow channels (11) run. Druckgasschalter nach Anspruch 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß eines der beiden Kontaktstücke sich beim Ausschalten zusammen mit der Druckkammer (3), dem Kompressionszylinder (4), der Isolierstoffdüse (9) und der Hilfsdüse (10) bewegt, daß die Hilfsdüse (10) an ihrer Innenseite zumindest das der Schaltstrecke zugewandte Ende dieses Kontakstückes seitlich umgibt und daß zwischen dem Kontaktstück und der Hilfsdüse (10) der oder die Kanäle (8) verlaufen.Compressed gas switch according to claim 7,
characterized,
that one of the two contact pieces moves when switched off together with the pressure chamber (3), the compression cylinder (4), the insulating nozzle (9) and the auxiliary nozzle (10), that the auxiliary nozzle (10) on its inside at least the end facing the switching path surrounds this contact piece laterally and that the channel or channels (8) run between the contact piece and the auxiliary nozzle (10). Druckgasschalter nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das zusammen mit der Druckkammer (6) bewegliche Kontaktstück ein Hohlkontaktstück (2) ist und daß das beim Ausschalten durch das Hohlkontaktstück (2) strömende Löschgas durch mindestens eine Öffnung in eine jenseits des Kompressionsraums (6) liegende Kammer hinter dem Kompressionskolben (5) geleitet wird und daß durch den in dieser Kammer entstehenden Druck der Antrieb in seiner Ausschaltbewegung unterstützt wird.Compressed gas switch according to claim 8,
characterized,
that the contact piece movable with the pressure chamber (6) is a hollow contact piece (2) and that the extinguishing gas flowing through the hollow contact piece (2) when switched off passes through at least one opening into a chamber located beyond the compression space (6) behind the compression piston (5) is passed and that the drive in its opening movement is supported by the pressure arising in this chamber. Druckgasschalter nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Druckkammer (3) und der zwischen Kompressionszylinder (4) und Kompressionskolben (5) befindliche Kompressionsraum (6) entlang der Längsachse des Druckgasschalters hintereinander angeordnet sind, wobei der Kompressionsraum (6) sich an das der Schaltstrecke abgewandte Ende der Druckkammer (3) anschließt.Compressed gas switch according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the pressure chamber (3) and the compression space (6) located between the compression cylinder (4) and the compression piston (5) are arranged one behind the other along the longitudinal axis of the pressure gas switch, the compression space (6) facing the end of the pressure chamber (3) facing away from the switching path connects.
EP96110466A 1995-07-06 1996-06-28 Gas-blast switch Expired - Lifetime EP0752714B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19524637 1995-07-06
DE19524637A DE19524637C2 (en) 1995-07-06 1995-07-06 Gas pressure switch

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0752714A1 true EP0752714A1 (en) 1997-01-08
EP0752714B1 EP0752714B1 (en) 2001-11-14

Family

ID=7766169

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96110466A Expired - Lifetime EP0752714B1 (en) 1995-07-06 1996-06-28 Gas-blast switch

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0752714B1 (en)
DE (2) DE19524637C2 (en)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0067460A1 (en) * 1981-06-12 1982-12-22 BBC Brown Boveri AG High-voltage power circuit breaker
FR2518798A1 (en) * 1981-12-22 1983-06-24 Mitsubishi Electric Corp BLOW GAS CIRCUIT BREAKER
EP0175954A2 (en) * 1984-09-26 1986-04-02 BBC Brown Boveri AG Compressed gas circuit breaker

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0067460A1 (en) * 1981-06-12 1982-12-22 BBC Brown Boveri AG High-voltage power circuit breaker
FR2518798A1 (en) * 1981-12-22 1983-06-24 Mitsubishi Electric Corp BLOW GAS CIRCUIT BREAKER
EP0175954A2 (en) * 1984-09-26 1986-04-02 BBC Brown Boveri AG Compressed gas circuit breaker
DE3438635A1 (en) * 1984-09-26 1986-04-03 BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie., Baden, Aargau EXHAUST GAS SWITCH

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59608177D1 (en) 2001-12-20
DE19524637A1 (en) 1997-01-09
DE19524637C2 (en) 1998-03-12
EP0752714B1 (en) 2001-11-14

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