EP0752572A1 - Warhead with hollow charge and munition having such a warhead - Google Patents

Warhead with hollow charge and munition having such a warhead Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0752572A1
EP0752572A1 EP96401342A EP96401342A EP0752572A1 EP 0752572 A1 EP0752572 A1 EP 0752572A1 EP 96401342 A EP96401342 A EP 96401342A EP 96401342 A EP96401342 A EP 96401342A EP 0752572 A1 EP0752572 A1 EP 0752572A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
axis
envelope
coating
military head
head according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96401342A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0752572B1 (en
Inventor
Alain Kerdraon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giat Industries SA
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Giat Industries SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Giat Industries SA filed Critical Giat Industries SA
Publication of EP0752572A1 publication Critical patent/EP0752572A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0752572B1 publication Critical patent/EP0752572B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/10—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with shaped or hollow charge
    • F42B12/14—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with shaped or hollow charge the symmetry axis of the hollow charge forming an angle with the longitudinal axis of the projectile
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B1/00—Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container
    • F42B1/02—Shaped or hollow charges
    • F42B1/028—Shaped or hollow charges characterised by the form of the liner

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of charge warheads formed for ammunition.
  • the coating deforms so as to constitute a core which is projected at a speed of the order of 2200 m / s towards a target.
  • Armored targets are more particularly vulnerable at the level of their upper parts, this is why it is sought to define ammunition with formed charge whose direction of action is substantially vertical.
  • an ammunition such as a rocket or a missile, which acts over the objective and which comprises a military head whose axis of action is substantially normal to the axis of the ammunition (which is also the direction of flight of the ammunition).
  • the military head having a direction of action substantially normal to the axis of the ammunition, it is not possible to give it a diameter greater than 90% of that of the ammunition.
  • the military head generally having a cylindrical envelope, when a diameter is chosen, the height of the military head is also limited by the diameter of the ammunition, and the height of the military head will be all the smaller that the chosen diameter will be larger.
  • the invention provides a military head which can be placed in a munition having a direction of action substantially normal to the axis of the ammunition, military head having a mass loading greater than that of known heads and therefore having superior efficiency.
  • One of the main advantages of the invention is that, for a given caliber of ammunition, one is practically not limited by this caliber to define an effective military head and having a direction of action substantially normal to the axis of the ammunition .
  • the subject of the invention is a military charge head formed comprising priming means and an explosive charge placed inside an envelope and in contact with a coating intended to be set in motion in a direction of action.
  • military head characterized in that the envelope is substantially cylindrical and in that the coating is arranged so that the direction of action is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the envelope, the means initiation being arranged in the vicinity of the cylindrical envelope and on the other side of the axis thereof relative to the coating.
  • the coating has a convexity directed towards the axis of the envelope. It may in particular have a double convexity, a first convexity in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the envelope and a second convexity in a plane passing through the axis of the envelope.
  • the coating has a concavity directed towards the axis of the envelope.
  • the coating will advantageously include a flat face.
  • the coating may be delimited by surfaces with straight generators which are parallel to the axis of the envelope.
  • the coating has a concave face oriented towards the outside of the military head, this face having a double concavity, a first concavity in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the envelope and a second concavity in a plane passing through the axis of the envelope.
  • the coating can be made of a material chosen from the following list: Iron, Copper, Tantalum, Nickel.
  • the envelope can advantageously be made of composite material.
  • the invention also relates to ammunition comprising such a military head and characterized in that it comprises an axis which materializes its direction of flight and in that the axis of the envelope of the military head is substantially parallel or coincident with the axis of the ammunition.
  • a known munition 1 (for example a rocket) comprises a military head 2 whose axis of action 3 is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 4 of the munition.
  • the known military head comprises a cylindrical envelope the axis of which coincides with the direction of action 3, envelope inside which is placed an explosive charge 5 which is intended to set in motion a coating 6.
  • the explosive charge 5 is initiated by a priming means 7 whose operation is controlled by a rocket 8 of the munition.
  • the rocket will be a rocket of known technology, for example a radar and / or infrared proximity rocket which will detect the overflight of a target (not shown) by munition 1.
  • Such a known munition has its effectiveness limited by the small quantity of explosive that it is possible to give to the military head, the dimensions of the latter being limited by the diameter of the body of the ammunition.
  • FIG. 2 represents a munition 1 according to the invention which differs from the previous one by the particular structure of the military head 2.
  • the military head according to the invention always has a direction of action 3 substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 4 of the munition (which materializes the direction of flight thereof).
  • the envelope which contains the explosive charge 5 no longer has a cylindrical shape here, of axis coincident with the direction of action 3, but on the contrary a cylindrical shape of axis coincident (or parallel) with the axis 4 of the ammunition.
  • Figures 3a and 3b show in more detail a first embodiment of a military head according to the invention.
  • the military head 2 comprises a cylindrical envelope 9 made for example of composite material (filament wound). This envelope has its axis substantially coincident with the longitudinal axis 4 of the munition.
  • the envelope 9 is closed at each end by plugs 10a, 10b (made of plastic or else of aluminum alloy), plugs which are made integral with the envelope 9 for example by gluing.
  • the casing 9 contains an explosive charge 5 comprising a concave cap on which a coating 6 is applied, a charge which is intended to be initiated by initiating means 7.
  • the initiating means comprise a detonator 15 as well as a generator plane wave (11a, 12,11b).
  • the initiating means 7 are arranged in the vicinity of the cylindrical casing 9 of the military head and on the other side of the axis 4 thereof relative to the coating 6.
  • This arrangement of the initiating means makes it possible to orient the detonation wave which is intended to shape the coating in a generally radial direction through the entire explosive charge.
  • the plane wave generator comprises, in a known manner, a donor explosive 11a, a receiver explosive 11b and a projected plate 12.
  • the receiver explosive comprises a concave receiving surface 14 disposed opposite the plate 12.
  • the detonator 15 is disposed substantially in the middle of the height of the casing 9 and its direction of action coincides with the direction of action 3 desired for the military head. It initiates the donor explosive 11a which causes the plate 12 to be projected into the cavity 13. The receiving explosive 11b is initiated by the impact of the plate 12.
  • the geometry of the receiving surface 14, the detonating characteristics of the donor and recipient explosives, as well as the mass and the material of which the plate 12 is made, are chosen by a person skilled in the art in such a way that the detonation wave which propagates in the explosive charge 5 is flat, parallel to the axis 4 of the envelope and perpendicular to the direction of action 3.
  • a priming with a plane wave generator is that it becomes easy to generate a projectile from a coating and this regardless of the profile of the coating used.
  • the following description will show different embodiments comprising coatings of very different shapes.
  • the coating 6 has its convexity directed towards the axis 4 of the envelope.
  • the coating 6 has a double convexity, a first convexity in a plane perpendicular to the axis 4 of the envelope and a second convexity in a plane passing through the axis of the envelope and containing the direction of action 3 .
  • the coating 6 is delimited by surfaces such that, when it is cut by planes perpendicular to the axis of the envelope 4 (or by planes parallel to the plane containing l the axis of the envelope and the direction of action 3) it has a section such that the convexity of the coating is oriented towards the axis of the envelope 4.
  • the first family of curves is that defined by the planes perpendicular to the axis 4 of the envelope.
  • the second family of curves is defined by the planes parallel to the plane containing the axis of the envelope and the direction of action 3.
  • FIG. 3b shows the traces X and Z of the sections of the covering 6 corresponding to the two planes of section XX and ZZ identified in FIG. 3a.
  • FIG. 3a also shows the curve Y corresponding to the rim 6a of the covering 6 in contact with the casing 9.
  • the shape of the receiving surface 14 of the plane wave generator has a geometric definition similar to that of the coating 6. It is a surface having a double concavity: a first concavity in a plane perpendicular to the axis 4 of the envelope and a second concavity in a plane containing the axis 4 of the envelope and the direction of action 3.
  • the thickness of the coating will preferably be chosen to increase between its peripheral rim 6a in contact with the envelope 9 and its middle part (located at the intersection of the coating and of the direction of action 3).
  • the explosive charge 5 causes the coating 6 to deform which destroys the wall of the envelope 9.
  • the mode of deformation of the coating is analogous to that encountered for the core-generating charges having a symmetry of revolution around their direction of action.
  • the covering thus forms an elongated core, the front of which is formed by the middle part of the covering and the rear by the edge of the covering. This nucleus is projected towards a target at a speed of the order of 2000 m / s.
  • the coating can be made of Iron, Copper, Tantalum, Nickel or even a non-metallic material, such as a plastic (Nylon) or glass.
  • the different components will be obtained by machining by means of numerically controlled machines which will have received by programming the parameters of the different surfaces to be executed.
  • the explosive charge and the various components of the plane wave generator are thus machined.
  • the assembly is then carried out by bonding the plane wave generator, the coating and the load, then the assembly is placed inside the cylindrical envelope 9.
  • the closure plugs 10a and 10b are fixed last. , as well as the detonator 15.
  • Such a load has a power analogous to that of a core-generating charge which is cylindrical with an axis coinciding with the direction of action and of diameter 130 to 140mm.
  • this latter charge cannot be placed in the envisaged ammunition which can only receive a cylindrical charge of 80mm in maximum diameter.
  • the invention therefore makes it possible to equip a given munition with a military head having a power increased by almost 100%.
  • Figures 4a and 4b show a second embodiment of a military head according to the invention.
  • the military head 2 again comprises a cylindrical envelope 9 made for example of composite material and whose axis is substantially coincident with the longitudinal axis 4 of the munition.
  • the envelope 9 is closed at each end by plugs 10a, 10b which are made integral with the envelope for example by gluing.
  • the priming means comprise a detonator 15 as well as a plane wave generator (11a, 12,11b).
  • This embodiment differs from the previous one in that the coating 6 is disposed against the envelope 9, and its concavity is directed towards the axis 4 of the envelope.
  • This coating is delimited by surfaces with straight generators which are parallel to the axis of the envelope, it is therefore easier to manufacture than the coating previously described with reference to FIGS. 3a, 3b.
  • the outer surface of the coating 6 is here applied against the inner surface of the envelope, thereby improving the mechanical strength of the military head and the envelope protects the coating.
  • the thickness of the coating is again chosen to increase between its rectilinear edges 6a, 6b and its middle part (located at the intersection of the coating and of the direction of action 3).
  • This military head is equipped with a plane wave generator which has the same structure as that described above with reference to FIGS. 3a, 3b.
  • the initiation of the explosive charge 5 will cause the deformation of the coating 6 which destroys the wall of the envelope 9; the lateral edges 6a and 6b of the covering are projected in the directions 16a and 16b and meet substantially at the level of a plane defined by the axis 4 and the direction 3, and in front of the central part of the covering.
  • the coating thus forms an elongated core "in the form of a wedge or an ax iron" which is projected towards a target at a speed of the order of 2000 m / s.
  • the coating can be made of Iron, Copper, Tantalum, Nickel or even a non-metallic material, such as a plastic (Nylon) or glass.
  • the second embodiment of the invention makes it possible to use a higher coating mass as well as a greater quantity of explosive.
  • the power of this military head is therefore potentially greater than that of the head according to the embodiment of FIGS. 3a, 3b.
  • the wedge-shaped core which it generates has a certain width (of the order of the length of the envelope) and its aerodynamic stability is less. The distance of action of this military head is therefore reduced.
  • the military head according to the first embodiment makes it possible to generate a core whose geometry is more compact and closer to that of a bar (width or radial dimension less than the length of the envelope 9), its stability in flight is therefore better and the shooting can be carried out at greater distances from the target.
  • Figures 5a and 5b show a third embodiment of a military head according to the invention.
  • the starting means 7 again comprise a plane wave generator (11a, 12,11b).
  • This mode differs from the previous one by the shape of the coating 6 which here has a flat face 6p in contact with the explosive.
  • the advantage of such a variant is that it simplifies the machining of the explosive and of the coating.
  • the coating is attached to the explosive by gluing.
  • the thickness of the coating is again chosen to increase between its rectilinear edges 6a 6b and its middle part (located at the intersection of the coating and of the direction of action 3). The thickness is also increasing between the edges 6c and 6d in contact with the end plugs 10a, 10b and the middle part of the coating.
  • the coating has a flat face (6p) and a 6th face having a double convexity: a convexity in a plane perpendicular to the axis 4 of the envelope and a second convexity in a plane passing through the axis 4 of the envelope and containing the direction of action 3.
  • the coating deforms in a manner similar to that of the coating of Figures 4a, 4b.
  • the lateral edges 6a and 6b of the covering are projected in the directions 16a and 16b and meet substantially at a plane defined by the axis 4 and the direction 3 and in front of the central part of the covering.
  • the coating thus forms an elongated core "in the form of a wedge or an ax iron" which is projected towards a target at a speed of the order of 2000 m / s.
  • the coating can be made of Iron, Copper, Tantalum, Nickel or even a non-metallic material, such as a plastic (Nylon) or glass.
  • FIGS. 6a and 6b partially show a variant of this embodiment in which it is the biconvex face 6e which is in contact with the explosive 5.
  • Figures 7a and 7b show a fourth embodiment of a military head according to the invention.
  • the priming means 7 again include a plane wave generator (11a, 12,11b) and will not be described in more detail.
  • the coating 6 has a flat face 6p in contact with the explosive charge 5, which simplifies machining.
  • the other face of the coating has a concave surface 6e whose concavity is oriented towards the outside of the military head 1.
  • This surface has a double concavity. It has a first concavity in a plane perpendicular to the axis 4 of the envelope and a second concavity in a plane passing through the axis of the envelope.
  • the coating 6 is delimited here by surfaces such that, when it is cut by planes perpendicular to the axis of the envelope 4 (or by planes parallel to the plane containing the axis of the envelope and the direction of action 3) it has a section such that the concavity of the 6th face is oriented towards the outside of the envelope 4.
  • the first family of curves is that defined by the planes perpendicular to the axis 4 of the envelope.
  • the second family of curves is defined by the planes parallel to the plane containing the axis of the envelope and the direction of action 3.
  • FIG. 7b shows the traces X and Z of the sections of the covering 6 corresponding to the two planes of section XX and ZZ identified in FIG. 7a.
  • FIG. 7a also shows the curve Y corresponding to the rim 6a of the covering 6 in contact with the casing 9.
  • the coating 6 has a thickness which decreases from its periphery furthest from the direction of action towards a central part closest to the direction of action.
  • This military head therefore makes it possible to generate an elongated projectile whose configuration is similar to that of a hollow charge jet.
  • This jet has a front part (jet head) animated with a speed between 2500 m / s and 3500 m / s (formed by the central part of the coating) and followed by a slower core (1500 to 2500 m / s) formed by the peripheral part of the coating.
  • this military head has perforation capacities which are higher than those of the previous embodiments. However, it should only be initiated at a reduced distance from the target (less than 100 times the diameter of the military head).
  • the coating can be made of Iron, Copper, Tantalum, Nickel or even a non-metallic material, such as a plastic (Nylon) or glass.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

The warhead (2) of the projectile (1) has a detonator (7) and an explosive charge (5) inside a casing (6) which is shaped to give a direction of action (3) which lies perpendicular to the axis (4) of the warhead. The casing, made from iron, copper, tantalum, nickel or a composite material, is made with one or more concave surfaces and can have a flat surface. In addn., the axis of the warhead casing lies more or less parallel to that of the projectile. The materials from which the casing is made can include, e.g. a plastic such as nylon, or glass.

Description

Le domaine technique de l'invention est celui des têtes militaires à charge formée pour munition.The technical field of the invention is that of charge warheads formed for ammunition.

On connaît par exemple par le brevet FR2632394 une tête militaire à charge formée qui comporte un revêtement mis en mouvement par la détonation d'un chargement explosif disposé dans une enveloppe cylindrique.We know for example from patent FR2632394 a military charge head formed which comprises a coating set in motion by the detonation of an explosive charge disposed in a cylindrical envelope.

Le revêtement se déforme de façon à constituer un noyau qui est projeté à une vitesse de l'ordre de 2200 m/s vers une cible.The coating deforms so as to constitute a core which is projected at a speed of the order of 2200 m / s towards a target.

Les cibles blindées sont plus particulièrement vulnérables au niveau de leurs parties supérieures, c'est pourquoi on cherche à définir des munitions à charge formée dont la direction d'action est sensiblement verticale.Armored targets are more particularly vulnerable at the level of their upper parts, this is why it is sought to define ammunition with formed charge whose direction of action is substantially vertical.

On connait, notamment par les brevets FR2406800, DE3906098 et GB2006400, une munition, telle une roquette ou un missile, qui agit en survol de l'objectif et qui comporte une tête militaire dont l'axe d'action est sensiblement normal à l'axe de la munition (qui est aussi la direction de vol de la munition).We know, in particular from the patents FR2406800, DE3906098 and GB2006400, an ammunition, such as a rocket or a missile, which acts over the objective and which comprises a military head whose axis of action is substantially normal to the axis of the ammunition (which is also the direction of flight of the ammunition).

Une telle munition présente des inconvénients. Ainsi la masse d'explosif qu'il est possible de donner à la tête militaire se trouve limitée par le diamètre de la munition.Such ammunition has drawbacks. Thus the mass of explosive which it is possible to give to the military head is limited by the diameter of the ammunition.

En effet, la tête militaire ayant une direction d'action sensiblement normale à l'axe de la munition, il n'est pas possible de lui donner un diamètre supérieur à 90 % de celui de la munition.Indeed, the military head having a direction of action substantially normal to the axis of the ammunition, it is not possible to give it a diameter greater than 90% of that of the ammunition.

De plus, la tête militaire ayant généralement une enveloppe cylindrique, lorsqu'un diamètre est choisi, la hauteur de la tête militaire se trouve elle aussi limitée par le diamètre de la munition, et la hauteur de la tête militaire sera d'autant plus petite que le diamètre choisi sera plus grand.In addition, the military head generally having a cylindrical envelope, when a diameter is chosen, the height of the military head is also limited by the diameter of the ammunition, and the height of the military head will be all the smaller that the chosen diameter will be larger.

Il n'est donc pas possible de doter de telles têtes militaires d'un chargement explosif important, leur efficacité se trouve donc réduite.It is therefore not possible to provide such military warheads with a large explosive charge, their effectiveness is therefore reduced.

On connait aussi (par exemple par les brevets FR2620215, USB397527, EP159389, GB2107032 DE-U-8808606 et EP477799) des têtes militaires dont l'enveloppe peut engendrer des éclats ou bien des projectiles qui sont dispersés suivant plusieurs directions radiales de l'enveloppe. L'amorçage de ces charges est disposé au niveau de l'axe de l'enveloppe ce qui assure une symétrie axiale de propagation de l'onde de choc. Cette symétrie permet de communiquer à chaque éclat ou projectile une vitesse du même ordre de grandeur.We also know (for example by patents FR2620215, USB397527, EP159389, GB2107032 DE-U-8808606 and EP477799) military heads, the envelope of which can generate fragments, or else projectiles which are dispersed in several radial directions of the envelope. The initiation of these charges is arranged at the axis of the envelope which ensures axial symmetry of propagation of the shock wave. This symmetry makes it possible to communicate a speed of the same order of magnitude to each flash or projectile.

Les éclats se répartissant suivant plusieurs directions radiales régulièrement réparties, ils ne peuvent tous atteindre une cible.Since the fragments are distributed in several regularly distributed radial directions, they cannot all reach a target.

L'efficacité, et en particulier les performances de perforation qu'il est possible d'obtenir avec une telle charge sont donc réduites.The efficiency, and in particular the perforation performance which it is possible to obtain with such a load, is therefore reduced.

C'est le but de l'invention que de proposer une tête militaire qui ne présente pas de tels inconvénients.It is the object of the invention to propose a military head which does not have such drawbacks.

Ainsi l'invention propose une tête militaire qui peut être mise en place dans une munition en ayant une direction d'action sensiblement normale à l'axe de la munition, tête militaire ayant un chargement de masse supérieure à celui des têtes connues et ayant donc une efficacité supérieure.Thus the invention provides a military head which can be placed in a munition having a direction of action substantially normal to the axis of the ammunition, military head having a mass loading greater than that of known heads and therefore having superior efficiency.

Un des principaux avantages de l'invention est que, pour un calibre de munition donné, on ne se trouve pratiquement pas limité par ce calibre pour définir une tête militaire efficace et ayant une direction d'action sensiblement normale à l'axe de la munition.One of the main advantages of the invention is that, for a given caliber of ammunition, one is practically not limited by this caliber to define an effective military head and having a direction of action substantially normal to the axis of the ammunition .

Ainsi l'invention a pour objet une tête militaire à charge formée comportant des moyens d'amorçage et un chargement explosif disposé à l'intérieur d'une enveloppe et en contact avec un revêtement destiné à être mis en mouvement suivant une direction d'action par la détonation du chargement explosif, tête militaire caractérisée en ce que l'enveloppe est sensiblement cylindrique et en ce que le revêtement est disposé de telle sorte que la direction d'action soit sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe de l'enveloppe, les moyens d'amorçage étant disposés au voisinage de l'enveloppe cylindrique et de l'autre côté de l'axe de celle-ci par rapport au revêtement.Thus, the subject of the invention is a military charge head formed comprising priming means and an explosive charge placed inside an envelope and in contact with a coating intended to be set in motion in a direction of action. by the detonation of the explosive charge, military head characterized in that the envelope is substantially cylindrical and in that the coating is arranged so that the direction of action is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the envelope, the means initiation being arranged in the vicinity of the cylindrical envelope and on the other side of the axis thereof relative to the coating.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation, le revêtement a une convexité dirigée vers l'axe de l'enveloppe. Il pourra notamment présenter une double convexité, une première convexité dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de l'enveloppe et une deuxième convexité dans un plan passant par l'axe de l'enveloppe.According to a first embodiment, the coating has a convexity directed towards the axis of the envelope. It may in particular have a double convexity, a first convexity in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the envelope and a second convexity in a plane passing through the axis of the envelope.

Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation, le revêtement a une concavité dirigée vers l'axe de l'enveloppe.According to a second embodiment, the coating has a concavity directed towards the axis of the envelope.

Le revêtement comportera avantageusement une face plane.The coating will advantageously include a flat face.

Le revêtement pourra être délimité par des surfaces à génératrices droites qui sont parallèles à l'axe de l'enveloppe.The coating may be delimited by surfaces with straight generators which are parallel to the axis of the envelope.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le revêtement comporte une face concave orientée vers l'extérieur de la tête militaire, cette face présentant une double concavité, une première concavité dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de l'enveloppe et une deuxième concavité dans un plan passant par l'axe de l'enveloppe.According to another embodiment, the coating has a concave face oriented towards the outside of the military head, this face having a double concavity, a first concavity in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the envelope and a second concavity in a plane passing through the axis of the envelope.

Selon différentes caractéristiques:

  • l'épaisseur du revêtement peut croître de sa périphérie la plus éloignée de la direction d'action vers une partie centrale la plus proche de la direction d'action,
  • les moyens d'amorçage comprennent un générateur d'onde plane par projection de plaque.
According to different characteristics:
  • the thickness of the coating can increase from its periphery furthest from the direction of action to a central part closest to the direction of action,
  • the starting means comprise a plane wave generator by plate projection.

Le revêtement pourra être réalisé en un matériau choisi dans la liste suivante: Fer, Cuivre, Tantale, Nickel.The coating can be made of a material chosen from the following list: Iron, Copper, Tantalum, Nickel.

L'enveloppe pourra avantageusement être réalisée en matériau composite.The envelope can advantageously be made of composite material.

L'invention a également pour objet une munition comportant une telle tête militaire et caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte un axe qui matérialise sa direction de vol et en ce que l'axe de l'enveloppe de la tête militaire est sensiblement parallèle ou confondu avec l'axe de la munition.The invention also relates to ammunition comprising such a military head and characterized in that it comprises an axis which materializes its direction of flight and in that the axis of the envelope of the military head is substantially parallel or coincident with the axis of the ammunition.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre de modes particuliers de réalisation, description faite en référence aux dessins annexés et dans lesquels:

  • la figure 1 représente schématiquement une munition dotée d'une tête militaire selon l'état de la technique,
  • la figure 2 représente schématiquement une munition dotée d'une tête militaire selon l'invention,
  • la figure 3a est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une tête militaire selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention (la trace du plan de coupe est repérée en BB sur la figure 3b),
  • la figure 3b est une coupe de cette tête militaire suivant le plan dont la trace est repérée en AA sur la figure 3a,
  • la figure 4a est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une tête militaire selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention (la trace du plan de coupe est repérée en DD sur la figure 4b),
  • la figure 4b est une coupe de cette tête militaire suivant le plan dont la trace est repérée en CC sur la figure 4a,
  • la figure 5a est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une tête militaire selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention (la trace du plan de coupe est repérée en FF sur la figure 5b),
  • la figure 5b est une coupe de cette tête militaire suivant le plan dont la trace est repérée en EE sur la figure 5a,
  • les figures 6a et 6b sont des vues partielles analogues d'un variante de ce dernier mode de réalisation.
  • la figure 7a est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une tête militaire selon un quatrième mode de réalisation de l'invention (la trace du plan de coupe est repérée en HH sur la figure 7b),
  • la figure 7b est une coupe de cette tête militaire suivant le plan dont la trace est repérée en GG sur la figure 7a.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows of particular embodiments, description made with reference to the appended drawings and in which:
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents an ammunition provided with a military head according to the state of the art,
  • FIG. 2 schematically represents an ammunition provided with a military head according to the invention,
  • FIG. 3a is a view in longitudinal section of a military head according to a first embodiment of the invention (the trace of the cutting plane is marked in BB in FIG. 3b),
  • FIG. 3b is a section of this military head along the plane, the trace of which is identified in AA in FIG. 3a,
  • FIG. 4a is a view in longitudinal section of a military head according to a second embodiment of the invention (the trace of the cutting plane is identified in DD in FIG. 4b),
  • FIG. 4b is a section of this military head along the plane, the trace of which is marked in CC in FIG. 4a,
  • FIG. 5a is a view in longitudinal section of a military head according to a third embodiment of the invention (the trace of the cutting plane is marked in FF in FIG. 5b),
  • FIG. 5b is a section of this military head along the plane, the trace of which is identified in EE in FIG. 5a,
  • Figures 6a and 6b are similar partial views of a variant of the latter embodiment.
  • FIG. 7a is a view in longitudinal section of a military head according to a fourth embodiment of the invention (the trace of the cutting plane is marked in HH in FIG. 7b),
  • Figure 7b is a section of this military head along the plane whose trace is identified in GG on the Figure 7a.

En se reportant à la figure 1, une munition 1 connue (par exemple une roquette) comporte une tête militaire 2 dont l'axe d'action 3 est sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal 4 de la munition. La tête militaire connue comporte une enveloppe cylindrique dont l'axe est confondu avec la direction d'action 3, enveloppe à l'intérieur de laquelle est placé un chargement explosif 5 qui est destiné à mettre en mouvement un revêtement 6. Le chargement explosif 5 est initié par un moyen d'amorçage 7 dont le fonctionnement est commandé par une fusée 8 de la munition.Referring to Figure 1, a known munition 1 (for example a rocket) comprises a military head 2 whose axis of action 3 is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 4 of the munition. The known military head comprises a cylindrical envelope the axis of which coincides with the direction of action 3, envelope inside which is placed an explosive charge 5 which is intended to set in motion a coating 6. The explosive charge 5 is initiated by a priming means 7 whose operation is controlled by a rocket 8 of the munition.

La fusée sera une fusée de technologie connue, par exemple une fusée de proximité radar et/ou infra rouge qui détectera le survol d'une cible (non représentée) par la munition 1.The rocket will be a rocket of known technology, for example a radar and / or infrared proximity rocket which will detect the overflight of a target (not shown) by munition 1.

Une telle munition connue voit son efficacité limitée par la faible quantité d'explosif qu'il est possible de donner à la tête militaire, les dimensions de celle-ci se trouvant limitées par le diamètre du corps de la munition.Such a known munition has its effectiveness limited by the small quantity of explosive that it is possible to give to the military head, the dimensions of the latter being limited by the diameter of the body of the ammunition.

La figure 2 représente une munition 1 selon l'invention qui diffère de la précédente par la structure particulière de la tête militaire 2.FIG. 2 represents a munition 1 according to the invention which differs from the previous one by the particular structure of the military head 2.

La tête militaire selon l'invention a toujours une direction d'action 3 sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal 4 de la munition (qui matérialise la direction de vol de celle-ci).The military head according to the invention always has a direction of action 3 substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 4 of the munition (which materializes the direction of flight thereof).

Cependant, l'enveloppe qui contient le chargement explosif 5 n'a plus ici une forme cylindrique, d'axe confondu avec la direction d'action 3, mais au contraire une forme cylindrique d'axe confondu (ou parallèle) avec l'axe 4 de la munition.However, the envelope which contains the explosive charge 5 no longer has a cylindrical shape here, of axis coincident with the direction of action 3, but on the contrary a cylindrical shape of axis coincident (or parallel) with the axis 4 of the ammunition.

Il en résulte la possibilité de disposer une plus grande quantité de chargement explosif dans la tête militaire. Le dimensionnement de celle ci n'étant plus alors limité que par les dimensions axiales qu'il est possible de lui donner dans la munition.This results in the possibility of having a greater quantity of explosive charge in the military head. The dimensioning of the latter is then limited only by the axial dimensions which it is possible to give it in the munition.

Les figures 3a et 3b représentent plus en détail un premier mode de réalisation d'une tête militaire selon l'invention.Figures 3a and 3b show in more detail a first embodiment of a military head according to the invention.

La tête militaire 2 comprend une enveloppe cylindrique 9 réalisée par exemple en matériau composite (enroulé filamentaire). Cette enveloppe a son axe sensiblement confondu avec l'axe longitudinal 4 de la munition. L'enveloppe 9 est fermée à chaque extrémité par des bouchons 10a, 10b (en matière plastique ou bien en alliage d'aluminium), bouchons qui sont rendus solidaires de l'enveloppe 9 par exemple par collage. L'enveloppe 9 contient un chargement explosif 5 comportant une calotte concave sur laquelle est appliqué un revêtement 6, chargement qui est destiné à être initié par des moyens d'amorçage 7. Les moyens d'amorçage comprennent un détonateur 15 ainsi qu'un générateur d'onde plane (11a,12,11b).The military head 2 comprises a cylindrical envelope 9 made for example of composite material (filament wound). This envelope has its axis substantially coincident with the longitudinal axis 4 of the munition. The envelope 9 is closed at each end by plugs 10a, 10b (made of plastic or else of aluminum alloy), plugs which are made integral with the envelope 9 for example by gluing. The casing 9 contains an explosive charge 5 comprising a concave cap on which a coating 6 is applied, a charge which is intended to be initiated by initiating means 7. The initiating means comprise a detonator 15 as well as a generator plane wave (11a, 12,11b).

Les moyens d'amorçage 7 sont disposés au voisinage de l'enveloppe cylindrique 9 de la tête militaire et de l'autre côté de l'axe 4 de celle-ci par rapport au revêtement 6.The initiating means 7 are arranged in the vicinity of the cylindrical casing 9 of the military head and on the other side of the axis 4 thereof relative to the coating 6.

Cette disposition des moyens d'amorçage permet d'orienter l'onde de détonation qui est destinée à mettre en forme le revêtement suivant une direction globalement radiale au travers de l'ensemble du chargement explosif.This arrangement of the initiating means makes it possible to orient the detonation wave which is intended to shape the coating in a generally radial direction through the entire explosive charge.

Toute l'énergie fournie par le chargement contribue donc à la mise en forme du revêtement et l'efficacité de la charge est optimale.All the energy supplied by the load therefore contributes to the shaping of the coating and the efficiency of the load is optimal.

Le générateur d'onde plane comprend, d'une façon connue, un explosif donneur lla, un explosif receveur 11b et une plaque projetée 12. L'explosif receveur comporte une surface de réception concave 14 disposée en regard de la plaque 12.The plane wave generator comprises, in a known manner, a donor explosive 11a, a receiver explosive 11b and a projected plate 12. The receiver explosive comprises a concave receiving surface 14 disposed opposite the plate 12.

Le détonateur 15 est disposé sensiblement au milieu de la hauteur de l'enveloppe 9 et sa direction d'action est confondue avec la direction d'action 3 souhaitée pour la tête militaire. Il initie l'explosif donneur 11a qui provoque la projection de la plaque 12 dans la cavité 13. L'explosif receveur 11b est initié par l'impact de la plaque 12.The detonator 15 is disposed substantially in the middle of the height of the casing 9 and its direction of action coincides with the direction of action 3 desired for the military head. It initiates the donor explosive 11a which causes the plate 12 to be projected into the cavity 13. The receiving explosive 11b is initiated by the impact of the plate 12.

La géométrie de la surface de réception 14, les caractéristiques détoniques des explosifs donneur et receveur, ainsi que la masse et le matériau constitutif de la plaque 12 sont choisis par l'homme du métier d'une façon telle que l'onde de détonation qui se propage dans le chargement explosif 5 soit plane, parallèle à l'axe 4 de l'enveloppe et perpendiculaire à la direction d'action 3.The geometry of the receiving surface 14, the detonating characteristics of the donor and recipient explosives, as well as the mass and the material of which the plate 12 is made, are chosen by a person skilled in the art in such a way that the detonation wave which propagates in the explosive charge 5 is flat, parallel to the axis 4 of the envelope and perpendicular to the direction of action 3.

Une telle détermination est à la portée de l'homme du métier, on se reportera par exemple au brevet FR2672380, dont le contenu est introduit ici par référence, et qui décrit le principe du générateur d'onde plane et les méthodes permettant de définir sa structure.Such a determination is within the reach of a person skilled in the art, reference will be made for example to patent FR2672380, the content of which is introduced here by reference, and which describes the principle of the plane wave generator and the methods making it possible to define its structure.

L'avantage d'utiliser comme le propose l'invention un amorçage à générateur d'onde plane est qu'il devient facile d'engendrer un projectile à partir d'un revêtement et cela quel que soit le profil du revêtement utilisé. Ainsi la suite de la description montrera différents modes de réalisation comportant des revêtements de formes très différentes.The advantage of using, as proposed by the invention, a priming with a plane wave generator is that it becomes easy to generate a projectile from a coating and this regardless of the profile of the coating used. Thus, the following description will show different embodiments comprising coatings of very different shapes.

Dans ce premier mode de réalisation, le revêtement 6 a sa convexité dirigée vers l'axe 4 de l'enveloppe.In this first embodiment, the coating 6 has its convexity directed towards the axis 4 of the envelope.

De plus le revêtement 6 présente une double convexité, une première convexité dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe 4 de l'enveloppe et une deuxième convexité dans un plan passant par l'axe de l'enveloppe et contenant la direction d'action 3.In addition, the coating 6 has a double convexity, a first convexity in a plane perpendicular to the axis 4 of the envelope and a second convexity in a plane passing through the axis of the envelope and containing the direction of action 3 .

Comme cela apparaît sur les figures 3a et 3b, le revêtement 6 est délimité par des surfaces telles que, lorsqu'il est coupé par des plans perpendiculaires à l'axe de l'enveloppe 4 (ou bien par des plans parallèles au plan contenant l'axe de l'enveloppe et la direction d'action 3) il présente une section telle que la convexité du revêtement est orientée vers l'axe de l'enveloppe 4.As shown in Figures 3a and 3b, the coating 6 is delimited by surfaces such that, when it is cut by planes perpendicular to the axis of the envelope 4 (or by planes parallel to the plane containing l the axis of the envelope and the direction of action 3) it has a section such that the convexity of the coating is oriented towards the axis of the envelope 4.

Il est facile pour l'homme du métier de définir analytiquement les surfaces délimitant un tel revêtement. Il suffit pour cela de définir deux familles de courbes qui déterminent la section du revêtement dans différents plans parallèles entre eux.It is easy for a person skilled in the art to define analytically the surfaces delimiting such a coating. It suffices to define two families of curves which determine the section of the coating in different planes parallel to each other.

La première famille de courbes est celle définie par les plans perpendiculaires à l'axe 4 de l'enveloppe. La deuxième famille de courbes est définie par les plans parallèles au plan contenant l'axe de l'enveloppe et la direction d'action 3.The first family of curves is that defined by the planes perpendicular to the axis 4 of the envelope. The second family of curves is defined by the planes parallel to the plane containing the axis of the envelope and the direction of action 3.

A titre d'exemple la figure 3b montre les traces X et Z des sections du revêtement 6 correspondant aux deux plans de section XX et ZZ repérés à la figure 3a.By way of example, FIG. 3b shows the traces X and Z of the sections of the covering 6 corresponding to the two planes of section XX and ZZ identified in FIG. 3a.

La figure 3a montre également la courbe Y correspondant au rebord 6a du revêtement 6 en contact avec l'enveloppe 9.FIG. 3a also shows the curve Y corresponding to the rim 6a of the covering 6 in contact with the casing 9.

On notera que la forme de la surface de réception 14 du générateur d'onde plane a une définition géométrique analogue à celle du revêtement 6. C'est une surface présentant une double concavité: une première concavité dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe 4 de l'enveloppe et une deuxième concavité dans un plan contenant l'axe 4 de l'enveloppe et la direction d'action 3.It will be noted that the shape of the receiving surface 14 of the plane wave generator has a geometric definition similar to that of the coating 6. It is a surface having a double concavity: a first concavity in a plane perpendicular to the axis 4 of the envelope and a second concavity in a plane containing the axis 4 of the envelope and the direction of action 3.

L'épaisseur du revêtement sera de préférence choisie croissante entre son rebord périphérique 6a en contact avec l'enveloppe 9 et sa partie médiane (située à l'intersection du revêtement et de la direction d'action 3).The thickness of the coating will preferably be chosen to increase between its peripheral rim 6a in contact with the envelope 9 and its middle part (located at the intersection of the coating and of the direction of action 3).

Lors de son initiation, le chargement explosif 5 provoque la déformation du revêtement 6 qui détruit la paroi de l'enveloppe 9.During its initiation, the explosive charge 5 causes the coating 6 to deform which destroys the wall of the envelope 9.

Le mode de déformation du revêtement est analogue à celui rencontré pour les charges génératrices de noyau présentant une symétrie de révolution autour de leur direction d'action.The mode of deformation of the coating is analogous to that encountered for the core-generating charges having a symmetry of revolution around their direction of action.

Le revêtement forme ainsi un noyau allongé dont l'avant est constitué par la partie médiane du revêtement et l'arrière par le rebord du revêtement. Ce noyau est projeté vers une cible à une vitesse de l'ordre de 2000 m/s.The covering thus forms an elongated core, the front of which is formed by the middle part of the covering and the rear by the edge of the covering. This nucleus is projected towards a target at a speed of the order of 2000 m / s.

En fonction des performances souhaitées (énergie, distance projectile/cible), différents types de matériaux pourront être adoptés pour réaliser le revêtement. On pourra par exemple réaliser le revêtement en Fer, Cuivre, Tantale, Nickel ou encore en matériau non métallique, tel une matière plastique (Nylon) ou le verre.Depending on the desired performance (energy, projectile / target distance), different types of materials can be adopted to make the coating. We can for example make the coating of Iron, Copper, Tantalum, Nickel or even a non-metallic material, such as a plastic (Nylon) or glass.

Du point de vue fabrication, les différents composants seront obtenus par usinage au moyens de machines à commande numérique qui auront reçu par programmation les paramètres des différentes surfaces à exécuter.From the manufacturing point of view, the different components will be obtained by machining by means of numerically controlled machines which will have received by programming the parameters of the different surfaces to be executed.

On usine ainsi le chargement explosif et les différents composants du générateur d'onde plane. On réalise ensuite l'assemblage par collage du générateur d'onde plane, du revêtement et du chargement, puis on place l'ensemble à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe cylindrique 9. Les bouchons de fermeture 10a et 10b sont fixés en dernier lieu, ainsi que le détonateur 15.The explosive charge and the various components of the plane wave generator are thus machined. The assembly is then carried out by bonding the plane wave generator, the coating and the load, then the assembly is placed inside the cylindrical envelope 9. The closure plugs 10a and 10b are fixed last. , as well as the detonator 15.

A titre d'exemple on pourra mettre en place dans une munition ayant un diamètre interne de 120mm, une tête militaire dont l'enveloppe 9 a 120mm de diamètre et 300 mm de long.By way of example, it will be possible to place in a munition having an internal diameter of 120mm, a military head whose envelope 9 is 120mm in diameter and 300mm long.

Une telle charge a une puissance analogue à celle d'une charge génératrice de noyau qui est cylindrique d'axe confondu avec la direction d'action et de diamètre 130 à 140mm. Or cette dernière charge ne peut pas être mise en place dans la munition envisagée qui ne peut recevoir qu'une charge cylindrique de 80mm de diamètre maxi.Such a load has a power analogous to that of a core-generating charge which is cylindrical with an axis coinciding with the direction of action and of diameter 130 to 140mm. However, this latter charge cannot be placed in the envisaged ammunition which can only receive a cylindrical charge of 80mm in maximum diameter.

L'invention permet donc d'équiper une munition donnée avec une tête militaire ayant une puissance augmentée de près de 100%.The invention therefore makes it possible to equip a given munition with a military head having a power increased by almost 100%.

Les figures 4a et 4b montrent un deuxième mode de réalisation d'une tête militaire selon l'invention.Figures 4a and 4b show a second embodiment of a military head according to the invention.

La tête militaire 2 comprend là encore une enveloppe cylindrique 9 réalisée par exemple en matériau composite et dont l'axe est sensiblement confondu avec l'axe longitudinal 4 de la munition.The military head 2 again comprises a cylindrical envelope 9 made for example of composite material and whose axis is substantially coincident with the longitudinal axis 4 of the munition.

L'enveloppe 9 est fermée à chaque extrémité par des bouchons 10a, 10b qui sont rendus solidaires de l'enveloppe par exemple par collage. Les moyens d'amorçage comprennent un détonateur 15 ainsi qu'un générateur d'onde plane (11a,12,11b).The envelope 9 is closed at each end by plugs 10a, 10b which are made integral with the envelope for example by gluing. The priming means comprise a detonator 15 as well as a plane wave generator (11a, 12,11b).

Ce mode de réalisation diffère du précédent en ce que le revêtement 6 est disposé contre l'enveloppe 9, et sa concavité est dirigée vers l'axe 4 de l'enveloppe. Ce revêtement est délimité par des surfaces à génératrices droites qui sont parallèles à l'axe de l'enveloppe, il est donc plus facile à fabriquer que le revêtement précédemment décrit en référence aux figures 3a,3b.This embodiment differs from the previous one in that the coating 6 is disposed against the envelope 9, and its concavity is directed towards the axis 4 of the envelope. This coating is delimited by surfaces with straight generators which are parallel to the axis of the envelope, it is therefore easier to manufacture than the coating previously described with reference to FIGS. 3a, 3b.

La surface externe du revêtement 6 se trouve ici appliquée contre la surface interne de l'enveloppe, on améliore ainsi la tenue mécanique de la tête militaire et l'enveloppe protège le revêtement.The outer surface of the coating 6 is here applied against the inner surface of the envelope, thereby improving the mechanical strength of the military head and the envelope protects the coating.

L'épaisseur du revêtement est là encore choisie croissante entre ses bords rectilignes 6a, 6b et sa partie médiane (située à l'intersection du revêtement et de la direction d'action 3).The thickness of the coating is again chosen to increase between its rectilinear edges 6a, 6b and its middle part (located at the intersection of the coating and of the direction of action 3).

Cette tête militaire est équipée d'un générateur d'onde plane qui a la même structure que celui décrit précédemment en référence aux figures 3a,3b.This military head is equipped with a plane wave generator which has the same structure as that described above with reference to FIGS. 3a, 3b.

L'initiation du chargement explosif 5 va provoquer la déformation du revêtement 6 qui détruit la paroi de l'enveloppe 9; les bords latéraux 6a et 6b du revêtement sont projetés suivant les directions 16a et 16b et se rejoignent sensiblement au niveau d'un plan défini par l'axe 4 et la direction 3, et en avant de la partie centrale du revêtement.The initiation of the explosive charge 5 will cause the deformation of the coating 6 which destroys the wall of the envelope 9; the lateral edges 6a and 6b of the covering are projected in the directions 16a and 16b and meet substantially at the level of a plane defined by the axis 4 and the direction 3, and in front of the central part of the covering.

Le revêtement forme ainsi un noyau allongé "en forme de coin ou de fer de hache" qui est projeté vers une cible à une vitesse de l'ordre de 2000m/s.The coating thus forms an elongated core "in the form of a wedge or an ax iron" which is projected towards a target at a speed of the order of 2000 m / s.

En fonction des performances souhaitées (énergie, distance projectile/cible), différents types de matériaux pourront être adoptés pour réaliser le revêtement. On pourra par exemple réaliser le revêtement en Fer, Cuivre, Tantale, Nickel ou encore en matériau non métallique, tel une matière plastique (Nylon) ou le verre.Depending on the desired performance (energy, projectile / target distance), different types of material can be adopted to make the coating. We can for example make the coating of Iron, Copper, Tantalum, Nickel or even a non-metallic material, such as a plastic (Nylon) or glass.

D'un point de vue comparatif le deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention (figures 4a,4b) permet de mettre en oeuvre une masse de revêtement supérieure ainsi qu'une plus grande quantité d'explosif. La puissance de cette tête militaire est donc potentiellement supérieure à celle de la tête suivant le mode de réalisation des figures 3a,3b.From a comparative point of view, the second embodiment of the invention (FIGS. 4a, 4b) makes it possible to use a higher coating mass as well as a greater quantity of explosive. The power of this military head is therefore potentially greater than that of the head according to the embodiment of FIGS. 3a, 3b.

Mais le noyau en forme de coin qu'elle engendre présente une certaine largeur (de l'ordre de la longueur de l'enveloppe) et sa stabilité aérodynamique est moindre. La distance d'action de cette tête militaire est donc réduite.But the wedge-shaped core which it generates has a certain width (of the order of the length of the envelope) and its aerodynamic stability is less. The distance of action of this military head is therefore reduced.

La tête militaire suivant le premier mode de réalisation (figures 3a,3b) permet par contre d'engendrer un noyau dont la géométrie est plus compacte et plus proche de celle d'un barreau (largeur ou dimension radiale inférieure à la longueur de l'enveloppe 9), sa stabilité en vol est donc meilleure et le tir peut être effectué à plus grandes distances de la cible.The military head according to the first embodiment (Figures 3a, 3b), on the other hand, makes it possible to generate a core whose geometry is more compact and closer to that of a bar (width or radial dimension less than the length of the envelope 9), its stability in flight is therefore better and the shooting can be carried out at greater distances from the target.

Les figures 5a et 5b montrent un troisième mode de réalisation d'une tête militaire selon l'invention.Figures 5a and 5b show a third embodiment of a military head according to the invention.

Les moyens d'amorçage 7 comprennent là encore un générateur d'onde plane (11a,12,11b).The starting means 7 again comprise a plane wave generator (11a, 12,11b).

Ce mode diffère du précédent par la forme du revêtement 6 qui comporte ici une face plane 6p en contact avec l'explosif. L'avantage d'une telle variante est qu'elle simplifie l'usinage de l'explosif et du revêtement. Le revêtement est fixé à l'explosif par collage.This mode differs from the previous one by the shape of the coating 6 which here has a flat face 6p in contact with the explosive. The advantage of such a variant is that it simplifies the machining of the explosive and of the coating. The coating is attached to the explosive by gluing.

L'épaisseur du revêtement est là encore choisie croissante entre ses bords rectilignes 6a 6b et sa partie médiane (située à l'intersection du revêtement et de la direction d'action 3). L'épaisseur est également croissante entre les bords 6c et 6d en contact avec les bouchons d'extrémité 10a,10b et la partie médiane du revêtement.The thickness of the coating is again chosen to increase between its rectilinear edges 6a 6b and its middle part (located at the intersection of the coating and of the direction of action 3). The thickness is also increasing between the edges 6c and 6d in contact with the end plugs 10a, 10b and the middle part of the coating.

Ainsi le revêtement comporte une face plane (6p) et une face 6e présentant une double convexité: une convexité dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe 4 de l'enveloppe et une deuxième convexité dans un plan passant par l'axe 4 de l'enveloppe et contenant la direction d'action 3.Thus the coating has a flat face (6p) and a 6th face having a double convexity: a convexity in a plane perpendicular to the axis 4 of the envelope and a second convexity in a plane passing through the axis 4 of the envelope and containing the direction of action 3.

Lors de l'initiation du chargement explosif 5, le revêtement se déforme du façon analogue à celle du revêtement des figures 4a,4b. Les bords latéraux 6a et 6b du revêtement sont projetés suivant les directions 16a et 16b et se rejoignent sensiblement au niveau d'un plan défini par l'axe 4 et la direction 3 et en avant de la partie centrale du revêtement.During the initiation of the explosive charge 5, the coating deforms in a manner similar to that of the coating of Figures 4a, 4b. The lateral edges 6a and 6b of the covering are projected in the directions 16a and 16b and meet substantially at a plane defined by the axis 4 and the direction 3 and in front of the central part of the covering.

Le revêtement forme ainsi un noyau allongé "en forme de coin ou de fer de hache" qui est projeté vers une cible à une vitesse de l'ordre de 2000m/s.The coating thus forms an elongated core "in the form of a wedge or an ax iron" which is projected towards a target at a speed of the order of 2000 m / s.

En fonction des performances souhaitées (énergie, distance projectile/cible), différents types de matériaux pourront être adoptés pour réaliser le revêtement. On pourra par exemple réaliser le revêtement en Fer, Cuivre, Tantale, Nickel ou encore en matériau non métallique, tel une matière plastique (Nylon) ou le verre.Depending on the desired performance (energy, projectile / target distance), different types of material can be adopted to make the coating. We can for example make the coating of Iron, Copper, Tantalum, Nickel or even a non-metallic material, such as a plastic (Nylon) or glass.

Les figures 6a et 6b montrent partiellement une variante de ce mode de réalisation dans laquelle c'est la face biconvexe 6e qui est en contact avec l'explosif 5.FIGS. 6a and 6b partially show a variant of this embodiment in which it is the biconvex face 6e which is in contact with the explosive 5.

Les figures 7a et 7b montrent un quatrième mode de réalisation d'une tête militaire selon l'invention.Figures 7a and 7b show a fourth embodiment of a military head according to the invention.

Les moyens d'amorçage 7 comprennent là encore un générateur d'onde plane (11a,12,11b) et ne seront pas décrits plus en détails.The priming means 7 again include a plane wave generator (11a, 12,11b) and will not be described in more detail.

Suivant ce mode de réalisation, le revêtement 6 comporte une face plane 6p en contact avec le chargement explosif 5, ce qui simplifie les usinages.According to this embodiment, the coating 6 has a flat face 6p in contact with the explosive charge 5, which simplifies machining.

L'autre face du revêtement porte une surface concave 6e dont la concavité est orientée vers l'extérieur de la tête militaire 1.The other face of the coating has a concave surface 6e whose concavity is oriented towards the outside of the military head 1.

Cette surface a une concavité double. Elle présente une première concavité dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe 4 de l'enveloppe et une deuxième concavité dans un plan passant par l'axe de l'enveloppe.This surface has a double concavity. It has a first concavity in a plane perpendicular to the axis 4 of the envelope and a second concavity in a plane passing through the axis of the envelope.

D'une façon analogue au revêtement du mode de réalisation des figures 3a,3b, le revêtement 6 est délimité ici par des surfaces telles que, lorsqu'il est coupé par des plans perpendiculaires à l'axe de l'enveloppe 4 (ou bien par des plans parallèles au plan contenant l'axe de l'enveloppe et la direction d'action 3) il présente une section telle que la concavité de la face 6e est orientée vers l'extérieur de l'enveloppe 4.In a manner analogous to the coating of the embodiment of FIGS. 3a, 3b, the coating 6 is delimited here by surfaces such that, when it is cut by planes perpendicular to the axis of the envelope 4 (or by planes parallel to the plane containing the axis of the envelope and the direction of action 3) it has a section such that the concavity of the 6th face is oriented towards the outside of the envelope 4.

Il est facile pour l'homme du métier de définir analytiquement les surfaces délimitant un tel revêtement. Il suffit pour cela de définir deux familles de courbes qui déterminent la section du revêtement dans différents plans parallèles entre eux.It is easy for a person skilled in the art to define analytically the surfaces delimiting such a coating. It suffices to define two families of curves which determine the section of the coating in different planes parallel to each other.

La première famille de courbes est celle définie par les plans perpendiculaires à l'axe 4 de l'enveloppe. La deuxième famille de courbes est définie par les plans parallèles au plan contenant l'axe de l'enveloppe et la direction d'action 3.The first family of curves is that defined by the planes perpendicular to the axis 4 of the envelope. The second family of curves is defined by the planes parallel to the plane containing the axis of the envelope and the direction of action 3.

A titre d'exemple la figure 7b montre les traces X et Z des sections du revêtement 6 correspondant aux deux plans de section XX et ZZ repérés à la figure 7a.By way of example, FIG. 7b shows the traces X and Z of the sections of the covering 6 corresponding to the two planes of section XX and ZZ identified in FIG. 7a.

La figure 7a montre également la courbe Y correspondant au rebord 6a du revêtement 6 en contact avec l'enveloppe 9.FIG. 7a also shows the curve Y corresponding to the rim 6a of the covering 6 in contact with the casing 9.

Du fait de cette définition particulière, le revêtement 6 a une épaisseur qui décroît de sa périphérie la plus éloignée de la direction d'action vers une partie centrale la plus proche de la direction d'action.Due to this particular definition, the coating 6 has a thickness which decreases from its periphery furthest from the direction of action towards a central part closest to the direction of action.

Il en résulte lors de l'initiation de la tête militaire une vitesse pour la partie centrale du revêtement qui est supérieure à celle de la partie périphérique.This results in the initiation of the military head a speed for the central part of the coating which is higher than that of the peripheral part.

Cette tête militaire permet donc d'engendrer un projectile allongé dont la configuration se rapproche de celle d'un jet de charge creuse. Ce jet présente une partie avant (tête de jet) animée d'une vitesse comprise entre 2500 m/s et 3500 m/s (formée par la partie centrale du revêtement) et suivie d'un noyau plus lent (1500 à 2500 m/s) formé par la partie périphérique du revêtement.This military head therefore makes it possible to generate an elongated projectile whose configuration is similar to that of a hollow charge jet. This jet has a front part (jet head) animated with a speed between 2500 m / s and 3500 m / s (formed by the central part of the coating) and followed by a slower core (1500 to 2500 m / s) formed by the peripheral part of the coating.

Les vitesses obtenues étant supérieures, cette tête militaire a des capacités de perforation qui sont supérieures à celles des modes de réalisations précédents. Cependant elle ne doit être initiée qu'à une distance réduite de la cible (inférieure à 100 fois le diamètre de la tête militaire).The speeds obtained being higher, this military head has perforation capacities which are higher than those of the previous embodiments. However, it should only be initiated at a reduced distance from the target (less than 100 times the diameter of the military head).

En fonction des performances souhaitées (énergie, distance projectile/cible), différents types de matériaux pourront être adoptés pour réaliser le revêtement. On pourra par exemple réaliser le revêtement en Fer, Cuivre, Tantale, Nickel ou encore en matériau non métallique, tel une matière plastique (Nylon) ou le verre.Depending on the desired performance (energy, projectile / target distance), different types of material can be adopted to make the coating. We can for example make the coating of Iron, Copper, Tantalum, Nickel or even a non-metallic material, such as a plastic (Nylon) or glass.

Différentes variantes sont possibles sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.Different variants are possible without departing from the scope of the invention.

Ainsi il est possible de remplacer le générateur d'onde à projection de plaque par un générateur d'onde plane à écran conformateur d'onde de détonation ou encore un générateur comprenant plusieurs initiateurs répartis sur l'enveloppe de telle façon que la combinaison de leurs effets permette d'obtenir une onde de détonation quasi plane.It is therefore possible to replace the plate projection wave generator with a plane wave generator with a detonation wave conforming screen or even a generator comprising several initiators distributed over the envelope in such a way that the combination of their effects allows to obtain a quasi-plane detonation wave.

Il est possible également afin d'améliorer la tenue de la tête militaire aux accélérations, de placer dans la cavité 13 du générateur d'onde plane une mousse compressible.It is also possible in order to improve the resistance of the military head to acceleration, to place in the cavity 13 of the plane wave generator a compressible foam.

Claims (12)

Tête militaire (2) à charge formée comportant des moyens d'amorçage (7) et un chargement explosif (5) disposé à l'intérieur d'une enveloppe (9) et en contact avec un revêtement (6) destiné à être mis en mouvement suivant une direction d'action (3) par la détonation du chargement explosif (5), tête militaire caractérisée en ce que l'enveloppe (9) est sensiblement cylindrique et en ce que le revêtement (6) est disposé de telle sorte que la direction d'action (3) soit sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe (4) de l'enveloppe (9), les moyens d'amorçage (7) étant disposés au voisinage de l'enveloppe cylindrique (9) et de l'autre côté de l'axe (4) de celle-ci par rapport au revêtement (6).Military head (2) with shaped charge comprising priming means (7) and an explosive charge (5) placed inside an envelope (9) and in contact with a coating (6) intended to be brought into contact movement in a direction of action (3) by the detonation of the explosive charge (5), military head characterized in that the casing (9) is substantially cylindrical and in that the covering (6) is arranged so that the direction of action (3) is substantially perpendicular to the axis (4) of the casing (9), the priming means (7) being arranged in the vicinity of the cylindrical casing (9) and the other side of the axis (4) thereof relative to the coating (6). Tête militaire suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le revêtement (6) a une convexité dirigée vers l'axe (4) de l'enveloppe.Military head according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating (6) has a convexity directed towards the axis (4) of the envelope. Tête militaire suivant la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que le revêtement (6) présente une double convexité, une première convexité dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe (4) de l'enveloppe (9) et une deuxième convexité dans un plan passant par l'axe (4) de l'enveloppe.Military head according to claim 2, characterized in that the coating (6) has a double convexity, a first convexity in a plane perpendicular to the axis (4) of the envelope (9) and a second convexity in a passing plane by the axis (4) of the envelope. Tête militaire suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le revêtement (6) a une concavité dirigée vers l'axe (4) de l'enveloppe.Military head according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating (6) has a concavity directed towards the axis (4) of the envelope. Tête militaire suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le revêtement (6) comporte une face plane (6p).Military head according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating (6) has a flat face (6p). Tête militaire suivant une des revendications 4 ou 5, caractérisée en ce que le revêtement (6) est délimité par des surfaces à génératrices droites qui sont parallèles à l'axe (4) de l'enveloppe.Military head according to one of Claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the covering (6) is delimited by surfaces with straight generatrices which are parallel to the axis (4) of the envelope. Tête militaire suivant la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que le revêtement (6) comporte une face concave (6e) orientée vers l'extérieur de la tête militaire (2), cette face présentant une double concavité, une première concavité dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe (4) de l'enveloppe et une deuxième concavité dans un plan passant par l'axe (4) de l'enveloppe.Military head according to claim 5, characterized in that the coating (6) has a concave face (6e) oriented towards the outside of the military head (2), this face having a double concavity, a first concavity in a plane perpendicular to the axis (4) of the envelope and a second concavity in a plane passing through the axis (4) of the envelope. Tête militaire suivant une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que l'épaisseur du revêtement (6) croît de sa périphérie la plus éloignée de la direction d'action (3) vers une partie centrale la plus proche de la direction d'action (3).Military head according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the thickness of the coating (6) increases from its periphery furthest from the direction of action (3) towards a central part closest to the direction of action (3). Tête militaire suivant une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que les moyens d'amorçage (7) comprennent un générateur d'onde plane par projection de plaque.Military head according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the starting means (7) comprise a plane wave generator by projection of plate. Tête militaire suivant une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce que le revêtement est réalisé en un matériau choisi dans la liste suivante: Fer, Cuivre, Tantale, Nickel.Military head according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the coating is made of a material chosen from the following list: Iron, Copper, Tantalum, Nickel. Tête militaire suivant une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisée en ce que l'enveloppe (9) est réalisée en matériau composite.Military head according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the envelope (9) is made of composite material. Munition (1) comportant une tête militaire (2) suivant une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte un axe qui matérialise sa direction de vol et en ce que l'axe (4) de l'enveloppe de la tête militaire est sensiblement parallèle ou confondu avec l'axe de la munition (1).Ammunition (1) comprising a military head (2) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it comprises an axis which materializes its direction of flight and in that the axis (4) of the envelope of the military head is substantially parallel or coincident with the axis of the ammunition (1).
EP96401342A 1995-07-07 1996-06-20 Warhead with hollow charge and munition having such a warhead Expired - Lifetime EP0752572B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9508246A FR2736424B1 (en) 1995-07-07 1995-07-07 MILITARY HEAD WITH FORMED LOAD
FR9508246 1995-07-07

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EP0752572A1 true EP0752572A1 (en) 1997-01-08
EP0752572B1 EP0752572B1 (en) 2000-07-12

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US (1) US5801323A (en)
EP (1) EP0752572B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69609252T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2149436T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2736424B1 (en)

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FR2848657B1 (en) * 2002-12-13 2005-01-28 Tda Armements Sas CHARGE GENERATING CORE
US7921775B1 (en) 2006-08-29 2011-04-12 Raytheon Company Warhead booster explosive lens
IL222989A (en) * 2012-11-12 2016-02-29 Israel Aerospace Ind Ltd Warhead
DE102019001597B3 (en) 2019-03-07 2020-07-30 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Active system for a missile

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5801323A (en) 1998-09-01
ES2149436T3 (en) 2000-11-01
FR2736424B1 (en) 1997-08-08
DE69609252T2 (en) 2001-02-08
EP0752572B1 (en) 2000-07-12
FR2736424A1 (en) 1997-01-10
DE69609252D1 (en) 2000-08-17

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