EP0015597A1 - Fragmentation-type grenade - Google Patents

Fragmentation-type grenade Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0015597A1
EP0015597A1 EP80200117A EP80200117A EP0015597A1 EP 0015597 A1 EP0015597 A1 EP 0015597A1 EP 80200117 A EP80200117 A EP 80200117A EP 80200117 A EP80200117 A EP 80200117A EP 0015597 A1 EP0015597 A1 EP 0015597A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
balls
zirconium
tungsten
explosive charge
explosive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP80200117A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Maurice V. Bourlet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FN Herstal SA
Original Assignee
FN Herstal SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by FN Herstal SA filed Critical FN Herstal SA
Publication of EP0015597A1 publication Critical patent/EP0015597A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/22—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction
    • F42B12/32—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction the hull or case comprising a plurality of discrete bodies, e.g. steel balls, embedded therein or disposed around the explosive charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/44—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of incendiary type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pre-fragmented explosive shell of the type containing a quantity of balls.
  • shrapnel such a projectile
  • the shrapnel explodes, the balls are thrown in all directions and thus give the projectile great destructive power.
  • the effectiveness of a shrapnel depends, in addition to its explosive charge, the number of balls it contains and their power to penetrate the target. For the same target, the penetration of the balls depends substantially on their impact energy and their hardness. The energy at impact corresponds substantially to the reduced kinetic energy of the energy dissipated during flight following the aerodynamic resistance experienced by the balls.
  • the diameter of the balls will be chosen according to the density of their constituent material and the configuration of the explosive charge, so that their energy at the impact is as great as possible. It follows that, for a predetermined degree of penetration, the diameter of the balls will be chosen in proportion to the parameters set out above and that it must therefore respond to an optimal value.
  • the invention consists in coating the beads made of tungsten or tungsten carbide with a thin layer of zirconium.
  • the complete coating of the balls in accordance with the invention in a projectile of the type envisaged, retains the incendiary power of these regardless of the angle of impact, provided of course that there is penetration of there target since the rear part of the projectile, in this case a ball, remains coated with zirconium after penetration of the target, which is not the case for the aforementioned single projectiles.
  • the diameter of the balls according to the invention can be considerably reduced compared to that of ordinary balls
  • the number of balls in the shrapnel and therefore the probability of hit on goal are considerably increased.
  • the zirconium layer is applied in the gas phase.
  • the shrapnel 1 consists essentially of a head 2, for example a proximity rocket, and of a body 3 containing the explosive charge 4.
  • a plurality of balls 5 is housed in an annular space 6, provided between at least one part of the wall 7 of the body 3 and of the load 4.
  • the present invention proposes to coat, preferably in the gas phase, the known balls made of tungsten or of carbide of tungsten, with a thin coating of zirconium.
  • zirconium gives the balls 5 not only an incendiary effect when they hit a fairly thick target, but this effect remains maintained, even after penetration of the target. In addition, zirconium considerably improves the perforating power of the beads by self-lubrication.
  • the diameter of the balls 5 can be considerably reduced compared to that of ordinary balls while maintaining the same penetrating power. Consequently, a higher number of balls 5 can be accommodated in the annular space 6, which means that the probabi the hit hit is greatly increased.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)

Abstract

Obus explosif préfragmenté, du type consistant substantiellement en une tête (2) et un corps (3) renfermant une charge explosive (4), une pluralité de billes (5) étant logée dans un espace annulaire (6), prévu entre une partie au moins de la paroi (7) dudit corps (3) et de ladite charge explosive (4), caractérisé en ce que chacune desdites billes (5) consiste en un noyau réalisé en tungstène ou en carbure de tungstène enrobè d'une mince couche de zirconium.Pre-fragmented explosive shell, of the type consisting essentially of a head (2) and a body (3) containing an explosive charge (4), a plurality of balls (5) being housed in an annular space (6), provided between a part at less than the wall (7) of said body (3) and of said explosive charge (4), characterized in that each of said balls (5) consists of a core made of tungsten or tungsten carbide coated with a thin layer of zirconium.

Description

La présente invention concerne un obus explosif préfragmenté du type contenant une quantité de billes.The present invention relates to a pre-fragmented explosive shell of the type containing a quantity of balls.

En vue d'augmenter le pouvoir destructif des obus connus, on a déjà proposé de disposer autour d'une partie au moins de la charge explosive d'un obus une quantité de billes, réalisées en un matériau extrêmement dur, tel que par exemple le tungstène ou le carbure de tungstène, dont la dureté est comparable à celle du diamant.In order to increase the destructive power of known shells, it has already been proposed to arrange around at least part of the explosive charge of a shell a quantity of balls, made of an extremely hard material, such as for example the tungsten or tungsten carbide, whose hardness is comparable to that of diamond.

Communément, un tel projectile est dénommé un shrapnel. Lors de l'explosion du shrapnel, les billes sont projetées en toutes directions et confèrent ainsi au projectile un grand pouvoir destructif. L'efficacité d'un shrapnel dépend, outre de sa charge explosive, du nombre de billes qu'il contient et de leur pouvoir de pénétrer dans la cible visée. Pour une même cible, la pénétration des billes dépend substantiellement de leur énergie à l'impact et de leur dureté. L'énergie à l'impact correspond substantiellement à l'énergie cinétique réduite de l'énergie dissipée lors du vol suite à la résistance aérodynamique éprouvée par les billes.Commonly, such a projectile is referred to as a shrapnel. When the shrapnel explodes, the balls are thrown in all directions and thus give the projectile great destructive power. The effectiveness of a shrapnel depends, in addition to its explosive charge, the number of balls it contains and their power to penetrate the target. For the same target, the penetration of the balls depends substantially on their impact energy and their hardness. The energy at impact corresponds substantially to the reduced kinetic energy of the energy dissipated during flight following the aerodynamic resistance experienced by the balls.

On comprendra qu'en vue d'obtenir une pénétration suffisante dans la cible, le diamètre des billes sera choisi en fonction de la densité de leur matériau constitutif et de la configuration de la charge explosive, en sorte que leur énergie à l'impact soit aussi grande que possible. Il s'ensuit que, pour un degré de pénétration prédéterminée, le diamètre des billes sera choisi au prorata des paramètres énoncés ci-dessus et qu'il doit dès lors répondre à une valeur optimale.It will be understood that, in order to obtain sufficient penetration into the target, the diameter of the balls will be chosen according to the density of their constituent material and the configuration of the explosive charge, so that their energy at the impact is as great as possible. It follows that, for a predetermined degree of penetration, the diameter of the balls will be chosen in proportion to the parameters set out above and that it must therefore respond to an optimal value.

r Le nombre de billes dans le shrapnel est donc relativement limité par les dimensions des billes et, partant, la probabilité de coup au but est elle-même limitée.r The number of balls in the shrapnel is therefore relatively limited by the dimensions of the balls and, therefore, the probability of hitting the goal is itself limited.

L'invention consiste à enrober les billes réalisées en tungstène ou en carbure de tungstène d'une mince couche de zirconium.The invention consists in coating the beads made of tungsten or tungsten carbide with a thin layer of zirconium.

Il est à noter qu'on a déjà proposé de réaliser des projectiles uniques à pointe en zirconium, et ce afin d'améliorer leur pouvoir de pénétration dans la cible. On sait en outre que de tels projectiles uniques peuvent avoir en certaines circonstances un effet incendiaire de par la présence dudit zirconium.It should be noted that it has already been proposed to produce single projectiles with a zirconium tip, in order to improve their penetration power into the target. It is further known that such unique projectiles can in certain circumstances have an incendiary effect due to the presence of said zirconium.

Toutefois, cette amélioration du pouvoir pénétrant et cet effet incendiaire sont aléatoires, car tributaires de l'angle d'incidence à l'impact sur l'objectif et des caractéristiques de ce dernier.However, this improvement in penetrating power and this incendiary effect are random, since they depend on the angle of incidence at impact on the objective and on the characteristics of the latter.

Par contre, l'enrobement complet des billes conformes à l'invention, dans un projectile du type envisagé, conserve le pouvoir incendiaire de celles-ci quel que soit l'angle d'impact, pour autant évidemment qu'il y ait pénétration de là cible puisque la partie arrière du projectile, en l'occurrence une bille, reste revêtue de zirconium après pénétration de la cible, ce qui n'est pas le cas pour les projectiles uniques susdits.On the other hand, the complete coating of the balls in accordance with the invention, in a projectile of the type envisaged, retains the incendiary power of these regardless of the angle of impact, provided of course that there is penetration of there target since the rear part of the projectile, in this case a ball, remains coated with zirconium after penetration of the target, which is not the case for the aforementioned single projectiles.

Outre ce qui précède, il faut remarquer que, pour un même pouvoir de pénétration, le diamètre des billes selon l'invention peut être considérablement diminué par rapport à celui des billes ordinaires Ainsi, le nombre de billes dans le shrapnel et donc la probalilité de coup au but se voient considérablement augmentés.In addition to the above, it should be noted that, for the same penetrating power, the diameter of the balls according to the invention can be considerably reduced compared to that of ordinary balls Thus, the number of balls in the shrapnel and therefore the probability of hit on goal are considerably increased.

De préférence, la couche de zirconium est appliquée sous phase gazeuse.Preferably, the zirconium layer is applied in the gas phase.

Afin de mieux faire comprendre l'invention, celle-ci sera décrite plus en détail ci-dessous, tout en se référant à un exemple de réalisation pratique d'un shrapnel tel que représenté dans le dessin annexé.To better understand the invention, it will be described in more detail below, while referring to a practical embodiment of a shrapnel as shown in the accompanying drawing.

Le shrapnel 1 se compose substantiellement d'une tête 2, par exemple une fusée de proximité, et d'un corps 3 renfermant la charge explosive 4. Une pluralité de billes 5 est logée dans un espace annulaire 6, prévu entre une partie au moins de la paroi 7 du corps 3 et de la charge 4.The shrapnel 1 consists essentially of a head 2, for example a proximity rocket, and of a body 3 containing the explosive charge 4. A plurality of balls 5 is housed in an annular space 6, provided between at least one part of the wall 7 of the body 3 and of the load 4.

Un tel projectile est bien connu.Such a projectile is well known.

En vue d'augmenter la probabilité de coup au but sans pour cela faire de concessions à l'égard du pouvoir de pénétration, la présente invention propose d'enrober, de préférence en phase gazeuse, les billes connues réalisées en tungstène ou en carbure de tungstène, d'une mince couché de zirconium.In order to increase the probability of hitting the goal without making any concessions with regard to the penetration power, the present invention proposes to coat, preferably in the gas phase, the known balls made of tungsten or of carbide of tungsten, with a thin coating of zirconium.

Le zirconium confère aux billes 5 non seulement un effet incendiaire lorsqu'elles touchent une cible assez épaisse, mais cet effet reste maintenu, même après pénétration de la cible. En outre, le zirconium améliore considérablement le pouvoir perforant des billes par auto-lubrification.The zirconium gives the balls 5 not only an incendiary effect when they hit a fairly thick target, but this effect remains maintained, even after penetration of the target. In addition, zirconium considerably improves the perforating power of the beads by self-lubrication.

Ainsi, selon l'invention, le diamètre des billes 5 peut être diminué considérablement par rapport à celui des billes ordinaires tout en maintenant le même pouvoir de pénétration. Par conséquent, un nombre plus élevé de billes 5 peut être logé dans l'espace annulaire 6, ce qui fait que la probabilité de coup au but est considérablement augmentée.Thus, according to the invention, the diameter of the balls 5 can be considerably reduced compared to that of ordinary balls while maintaining the same penetrating power. Consequently, a higher number of balls 5 can be accommodated in the annular space 6, which means that the probabi the hit hit is greatly increased.

Il va de soi que l'idée inventive ne se voit pas limitée à l'application décrite ci-dessus en tant qu'exemple non-limitatif, mais que d'autres applications peuvent être trouvées sans pour cela sortir du cadre de l'invention.It goes without saying that the inventive idea is not limited to the application described above as a non-limiting example, but that other applications can be found without thereby departing from the scope of the invention. .

Claims (2)

l.- Obus explosif préfragmenté, du type consistant substantiellement en une tête (2) et un corps (3) renfermant une charge explosive (4), une pluralité de billes (5) étant logée dans un espace annulaire (6), prévu entre une partie au moins de la paroi (7) dudit corps (3) et de ladite charge explosive (4), caractérisé en ce que chacune desdites billes (5) consiste en un noyau réalisé en tungstène ou en carbure de tungstène enrobé d'une mince couche de zirconium.l.- Pre-fragmented explosive shell, of the type consisting essentially of a head (2) and a body (3) containing an explosive charge (4), a plurality of balls (5) being housed in an annular space (6), provided between at least part of the wall (7) of said body (3) and of said explosive charge (4), characterized in that each of said balls (5) consists of a core made of tungsten or tungsten carbide coated with a thin layer of zirconium. 2.- Obus selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite couche de zirconium est appliquée en phase gazeuse.2. A shell according to claim 1, characterized in that said zirconium layer is applied in the gas phase.
EP80200117A 1979-02-28 1980-02-13 Fragmentation-type grenade Withdrawn EP0015597A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE57634 1979-02-28
BE2/57634A BE874505A (en) 1979-02-28 1979-02-28 PREFRAGGED EXPLOSIVE SHELL

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0015597A1 true EP0015597A1 (en) 1980-09-17

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EP80200117A Withdrawn EP0015597A1 (en) 1979-02-28 1980-02-13 Fragmentation-type grenade

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EP (1) EP0015597A1 (en)
BE (1) BE874505A (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2149067A (en) * 1983-11-04 1985-06-05 Wimet Ltd Pellets and shot and their manufacture
EP0169585A1 (en) * 1984-07-17 1986-01-29 FABRIQUE NATIONALE HERSTAL en abrégé FN Société Anonyme Fragmentation-type shell
GB2474824A (en) * 1981-11-17 2011-05-04 Rheinmetall Ind Ag Projectile producing exothermic effect initiated by shock waves

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8218940U1 (en) * 1982-07-02 1986-10-16 Rheinmetall GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf Explosive projectile with a single or multilayer outer shell
US5535679A (en) * 1994-12-20 1996-07-16 Loral Vought Systems Corporation Low velocity radial deployment with predetermined pattern
US5691502A (en) * 1995-06-05 1997-11-25 Lockheed Martin Vought Systems Corp. Low velocity radial deployment with predeterminded pattern
GB2302395A (en) * 1995-06-16 1997-01-15 Numerica Limited Grenade
SE508652C2 (en) * 1995-10-05 1998-10-26 Bofors Ab Ways to distinguish false zone tube indications from indications of real targets as well as explosives filled with zone tube projectile
US9708227B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2017-07-18 Aerojet Rocketdyne, Inc. Method for producing a fragment / reactive material assembly
WO2016171794A1 (en) * 2015-03-02 2016-10-27 Nostromo Holdings, Llc Low collateral damage bi-modal warhead assembly
US11614311B1 (en) 2016-03-22 2023-03-28 Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation Prefragmented warheads with enhanced performance
US10634472B1 (en) 2016-03-22 2020-04-28 Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems, Inc. Prefragmented warheads with enhanced performance
DE102021104169A1 (en) 2021-02-22 2022-03-17 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Ammunition including construction splinters

Citations (14)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1291646A (en) * 1960-04-11 1962-04-27 Aerojet General Co Fragmentation type projectile improvements
US3101053A (en) * 1960-06-08 1963-08-20 Stevenson Thomas Combination fragmentation structural incendiary damage projectile
US3370536A (en) * 1961-10-27 1968-02-27 Army Usa Incendiary projectile
FR1571964A (en) * 1967-07-26 1969-06-20
US3508493A (en) * 1968-10-24 1970-04-28 Us Navy Dynamic warhead fragment
US3518942A (en) * 1960-10-14 1970-07-07 Us Navy Antiaircraft projectile
FR2070728A1 (en) * 1969-12-04 1971-09-17 Methonics Inc Incendiary ammunition
DE2346141A1 (en) * 1973-09-13 1975-07-31 Diehl Fa Incendiary inserts - for hand grenades and fragmentation shells
FR1605447A (en) * 1966-06-25 1976-01-09
FR2278055A1 (en) * 1974-07-11 1976-02-06 Dow Corning WIDE DISPERSION FIRE DEVICE
US3961576A (en) * 1973-06-25 1976-06-08 Montgomery Jr Hugh E Reactive fragment
FR2325013A1 (en) * 1973-05-05 1977-04-15 Otan Bursting casing for projectile - has preformed splinter in layer compressed with powdered supporting metal forming porous inner layer
DE2606701A1 (en) * 1976-02-19 1977-09-01 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Explosive ammunition with particles of pyrophorous material - has explosive charge enclosed concentrically by pyrophorous particles of different sizes
US4106411A (en) * 1971-01-04 1978-08-15 Martin Marietta Corporation Incendiary fragmentation warhead

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US4023492A (en) * 1968-11-18 1977-05-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Metallic-fuel-enhanced, focused-gas warhead
US3547032A (en) * 1969-02-19 1970-12-15 Bethlehem Steel Corp Steel alloy shell body
US3994752A (en) * 1972-03-02 1976-11-30 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Annealing treatment for controlling warhead fragmentation size distribution
US3791818A (en) * 1972-08-14 1974-02-12 Us Air Force Steel alloy
US3880081A (en) * 1973-12-19 1975-04-29 Us Army High boron alloy steel fragmentation munition
US3951068A (en) * 1974-07-11 1976-04-20 Dow Corning Corporation Incendiary device

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1291646A (en) * 1960-04-11 1962-04-27 Aerojet General Co Fragmentation type projectile improvements
US3101053A (en) * 1960-06-08 1963-08-20 Stevenson Thomas Combination fragmentation structural incendiary damage projectile
US3518942A (en) * 1960-10-14 1970-07-07 Us Navy Antiaircraft projectile
US3370536A (en) * 1961-10-27 1968-02-27 Army Usa Incendiary projectile
FR1605447A (en) * 1966-06-25 1976-01-09
FR1571964A (en) * 1967-07-26 1969-06-20
US3508493A (en) * 1968-10-24 1970-04-28 Us Navy Dynamic warhead fragment
FR2070728A1 (en) * 1969-12-04 1971-09-17 Methonics Inc Incendiary ammunition
US4106411A (en) * 1971-01-04 1978-08-15 Martin Marietta Corporation Incendiary fragmentation warhead
FR2325013A1 (en) * 1973-05-05 1977-04-15 Otan Bursting casing for projectile - has preformed splinter in layer compressed with powdered supporting metal forming porous inner layer
US3961576A (en) * 1973-06-25 1976-06-08 Montgomery Jr Hugh E Reactive fragment
DE2346141A1 (en) * 1973-09-13 1975-07-31 Diehl Fa Incendiary inserts - for hand grenades and fragmentation shells
FR2278055A1 (en) * 1974-07-11 1976-02-06 Dow Corning WIDE DISPERSION FIRE DEVICE
DE2606701A1 (en) * 1976-02-19 1977-09-01 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Explosive ammunition with particles of pyrophorous material - has explosive charge enclosed concentrically by pyrophorous particles of different sizes

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2474824A (en) * 1981-11-17 2011-05-04 Rheinmetall Ind Ag Projectile producing exothermic effect initiated by shock waves
GB2474824B (en) * 1981-11-17 2011-09-14 Rheinmetall Ind Ag Projectiles
GB2149067A (en) * 1983-11-04 1985-06-05 Wimet Ltd Pellets and shot and their manufacture
EP0169585A1 (en) * 1984-07-17 1986-01-29 FABRIQUE NATIONALE HERSTAL en abrégé FN Société Anonyme Fragmentation-type shell

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE874505A (en) 1979-08-28
US4303015A (en) 1981-12-01

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