EP0750719B1 - Internal combustion engine having rotary distribution valves - Google Patents

Internal combustion engine having rotary distribution valves Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0750719B1
EP0750719B1 EP95914408A EP95914408A EP0750719B1 EP 0750719 B1 EP0750719 B1 EP 0750719B1 EP 95914408 A EP95914408 A EP 95914408A EP 95914408 A EP95914408 A EP 95914408A EP 0750719 B1 EP0750719 B1 EP 0750719B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotary
exhaust
intake
internal combustion
combustion engine
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EP95914408A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0750719A1 (en
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Maurice Huwarts
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L7/00—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements
    • F01L7/18—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L7/00—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements
    • F01L7/02—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly shaped valves
    • F01L7/026—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly shaped valves with two or more rotary valves, their rotational axes being parallel, e.g. 4-stroke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L7/00—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements
    • F01L7/16—Sealing or packing arrangements specially therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a motor with internal combustion, with distribution shutters rotary.
  • an internal combustion engine multicylinder including a group of cylinders in line of which the combustion chambers communicate, each, with an intake port and with an orifice on the one hand, and the exhaust ports, on the other hand, of said group cylinders being arranged in alignments, the means for opening and closing said intake and exhaust ports comprising two rotary nozzles, of section circular, each comprising a plurality aligned hollow shutters, rigidly connected to each other to others and communicating with each other, and whose wall side is provided with a plurality of lights spaced, angularly offset, and the number of which corresponds to that of the cylinders to be served, one of these rotary nozzles allowing the opening and closing the intake port alignment of the group of cylinders, while the second allows opening and closing the alignment of holes exhaust of said group of cylinders.
  • Each rotary nozzle consists of portions cylindrical cylinders of different diameters, gas passage lights being provided in the reduced diameter portions.
  • Each rotary nozzle of distribution is housed in a fixed sleeve and its larger diameter portions are sized to have a good rotation and sliding play fitted inside said fixed sheath, these portions being larger provided, in the vicinity of their ends, sealing rings to establish a gas tight seal.
  • the first cylinder is preferably supplied, then the second, then the third, etc.
  • An object of the present invention is to remedy to the drawbacks outlined above of multi-cylinder internal combustion, with rotary distribution, of the kind described previously.
  • gas circulation takes place at the same time, by inside and outside the nozzles of rotary distribution, in the space between these last and the internal surface of said collectors, in which the gas stream swirls (fuel and / or oxidizer), so that, in the case of power, all cylinders are powered substantially under the same conditions, both in volume as in the quality of the gas mixture, so that better combustion and better engine balance.
  • each intake port and exhaust is fitted with at least one movable seat allowing to modify the passage section of fluids, as well as when or when to close or the opening of said orifice, and means for adjustment allow to adjust the position of these seats mobile, these means comprising an installed cylinder, sealingly, through the sealing wall separating intake and exhaust manifolds, and in which is housed a piston subjected to the action of a compression spring tending to push it back into the direction of the exhaust manifold, one side at least this piston being connected, by means of a articulation, to a control rod itself connected to a rod wedged on a tree on which are also fixed rods connected, each, by through a transmission linkage to one at least mobile seats of at least one of rotary shutters.
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the upper part of a cylinder fitted with a dispensing device according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of a example of realization of a distributor nozzle rotary consisting of two shutters arranged in the extension of each other.
  • Figure 2bis represents, by two half-sections axial, two other examples of conformation of a rotary distributor nozzle consisting of two shutters assembled in the extension of each other.
  • Figure 3 is an axial sectional view of the nozzle for driving a rotary nozzle.
  • Figure 3bis is a front view of the end of this tip.
  • Figure 4 is an axial sectional view of a mode of the opposite end of the nozzle.
  • Figure 5 is a plan view in section of a distribution assembly according to the invention.
  • FIGS 6 to 9a illustrate the operation of the distribution system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic view, in plan and in section, of an exemplary embodiment of rotary intake and exhaust nozzles fitted the top of a four-cylinder engine.
  • Figure 10a is a character view schematic and on a larger scale along the line 10 - 10 in Figure 10.
  • Figure 11 is a perspective view and section showing a system control device for adjusting the movable seats of the rotary shutters.
  • Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view a rotary shutter and its movable seats.
  • Figure 13 is a perspective view of one of these mobile seats.
  • Figure 14 is a front view of a flange lateral guide for mobile seats.
  • Figure 1 shows the top of a cylinder 1 and a cylinder head 2 attached to the part upper part of this cylinder and delimiting the combustion or explosion 3.
  • the holes are provided intake 4 and exhaust 5 themselves fitted with seats 6, 7, respectively, shutters.
  • the shutters are made up of elements rotary 8, 9, hollow, of circular section, in the side wall of which a light 10, 11 is formed, respectively, for each engine cylinder to be served or to serve. These shutters may have a shape cylindrical, or conical, or ovoid, even spherical.
  • two or more than two rotary shutters 8, 9 are assembled in succession and in alignment, by example by screwing or otherwise.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates two rotary shutters cylindrical 8a, 8b assembled one after the other and intended to equip a twin-cylinder engine.
  • the T sets thus produced will be referred to as of "rotary nozzles" in the following description, in order to facilitate description.
  • Figure 2bis shows two other examples of conformation of rotary distributor nozzle T consisting of two shutters 8 or 8 'assembled in the extension of each other, with an ability to sliding amplitude limited one compared to the other, by means of simple grooves 61, which solves problems that might result from the effects of dilation or a slight misalignment.
  • the shutters 8 of the lower half-section present a concave conformation, while the shutters 8 ' of the upper half cup have a shape bulging in their central part, such a shape increasing the capacity for introducing fresh gases in the cylinders.
  • each nozzle T-8 intake and each T-9 exhaust nozzle is depending on the number of engine cylinders.
  • the Figure 10 shows T-8 rotary intake nozzles and exhaust T-9 each consisting of a alignment of four shutters 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, or 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, respectively, whose lights 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d or 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d are offset by 90 degrees.
  • Shutters such as 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, ...., thus aligned and united to each other in rotation, constitute a tubular assembly according to which said shutters are in communication permanent by their bore.
  • rotary nozzles T-8 and T-9 can be arranged and sized to serve or serve a variable number of cylinders whose axes may or may not be parallel.
  • Each nozzle T is, for example, made up of tubular parts in machined steel and the surfaces of which exterior and, if necessary, interior, can be provided, over all or part of their length, with a ceramic or other material coating capable of withstand thermal and other shocks during phases: explosion, detent and exhaust, in particular in the case of an internal combustion engine.
  • T-8 and T-9 nozzles are equipped with a designated drive and guide tip as a whole by the reference 12 (FIG. 3), while the opposite end of said nozzle can be provided with a closing end piece 13 (FIG. 5) which can consist of a simple fixed plate, sealingly, by screwing, on said end, or a tip 14 having an axial extension tubular 14a ( Figure 4) allowing, as appropriate, its connection, for example by means of a joint rotary, to a fuel mixture inlet pipe or to an exhaust pipe.
  • Each T-8 and T-9 rotary nozzle thus produced and equipped includes, depending on the mode of execution of Figures 2 and 5, at a distance from its portions provided with lights 10 or 11, parts of smaller diameter 15a, 15b, 15c ( Figure 2) on which are fixed the inner rings of bearings 16a, 16b, 16c guiding in rotation and positioning in translation of said nozzles.
  • the outer rings of these bearings are fixed to the housing wall described in the following of this presentation and arranged in cylinder head 2.
  • the aforementioned bearings could be replaced by rings.
  • Each bearing 16a, 16b, 16c or friction ring outer is surrounded by two eccentric rings and concentric 17, 18 at least one of which can be driven in rotation, with however a possibility limited angular movement.
  • This set, bearing and rings is maintained and guided, at the level of bearings, between two pairs of half-shells 19.
  • One half-shells from each of these pairs of half-shells 19 is provided with a lug 19a.
  • the axial positioning of the T-8 rotary nozzles, T-9 in their bearings 16a, 16b, 16c, is provided by a machined shoulder 22 on which one of the lateral faces of the cage of said bearings of which the other side is blocked by the end of the cage following rotary, or by a fixed ring 23 in what concerns the extreme bearing 16c.
  • the role of this ring, with regard to the front bearing 16a, is held by a shoulder 24 facing inwards, which has the end piece 12.
  • This end piece 12 has a smooth surface 25 on which the inner race of the bearing is mounted 16a and a shaft 26 on which is fixed, by example by keying, a toothed pulley 27 driven by toothed belt or a sprocket driven by chain.
  • the outer end 26a of this steel end-piece can be machined or shaped ( Figure 3bis) so to be able to drive an igniter, for example of the type Delco (Trademark) or other necessary device during engine operation.
  • an igniter for example of the type Delco (Trademark) or other necessary device during engine operation.
  • any engine necessarily having two nozzles rotary T-8 and T-9 we can plan to train one or two ignitors serving and supplying, by a circuit different, two candles 28 per cylinder, as we can understand it by considering Figures 1 and 5.
  • These candles 28 can be installed vertically or with a certain angle in the axial plane of the cylinder head, in two passages reserved in the latter and opening into the combustion chamber.
  • the second perforation in the cylinder head and ending in the combustion chamber can be used to house a glow plug or other.
  • end pieces 12 can be coupled to the pump drive device diesel engines or be used for other functions such as, for example, the command a direct injection device.
  • Greasing the nozzle guide bearings rotary is carried out from the lubrication network powered by the engine oil pump located in the Crankcase. Oil, through a through pipe in the bearings, retained by the half-shells 19 blocking concentric rings and outer cages bearings, fulfills its office and returns in the crankcase by another free duct and largely dimensioned.
  • Each obturator element of each of the nozzles T-8 and T-9 presents a cutout or light 10 or 11, respectively, carefully calibrated and sized and which, during the rotation of the nozzle, communicates periodically with one of the openings 4 or 5 opening in the combustion chamber of one of the cylinders, depending on the function assigned to the nozzle, this orifice being closed by the cylindrical wall of the shutter between two light passages.
  • T-8 intake and T-9 exhaust nozzles are placed in two neighboring shaped cavities cylindrical or others, formed in the cylinder head 2 and tightly separated from each other, these cavities constituting, respectively, the collector intake 31 and exhaust manifold 32.
  • These intake manifolds 31 and exhaust manifolds 32 consist of longitudinal chambers or spaces surrounding the rotary intake nozzles T-8 and T-9 exhaust, respectively, on the most much of their periphery, these rooms or longitudinal spaces allowing gas circulation outside and along said distributor nozzles. It is understood that, in this way, the gases can move freely both inside and outside outside the nozzles.
  • the cages 63 which ensure the positioning of the sets 16-17-18 constituting the bearings of said nozzles and more particularly the cages receiving intermediate bearings between cylinders, are not waterproof, but perforated or provided with passages 62 authorizing this free circulation ( Figures 10 and 10a).
  • the lights 10, 11 of each pair of shutters 8, 9 of the T-8 rotary distribution nozzles, T-9 have a position angularly offset one by report to each other, to allow them to complete the function assigned to them, ie "Admission” and "Escape", respectively.
  • the conduits supply and evacuation, communicating with 31 and 32 exhaust manifolds are connected to the side walls 21 of the one or more cylinder heads 2 or on the cover (s) 33 this or these, which may present ports 58a, 58b, respectively, for connection to fresh gas inlet or outlet pipes burnt gases (not shown).
  • This or these covers, on the upper part, joining in the axis of the waterproof central partition 34 separating the rotary nozzles T-8 and T-9, on the one hand, are fixed on one side on the latter, and for the other sides, screwed onto the or the cylinder heads leaving the heads of the tightening bolts and spark plug holes, injectors or others.
  • Figures 6-6a, 7-7a, 8-8a, 9-9a are views associated in pairs and of a schematic nature illustrating the four-stroke cycle of an internal combustion engine equipped with the dispensing device according to the invention, considering a single cylinder of said engine.
  • the piston P is at TDC (top dead center) at the end of its ascent stroke ending a four-stroke cycle.
  • Light 11 of the rotary exhaust shutter 9 still communicates with cylinder 1 while light 10 of the intake shutter 8 communicates with said cylinder.
  • the piston P descends, the rotary exhaust shutter 9 closes the orifice exhaust 5, while the rotary shutter 8 communicates through its lateral light 10, with cylinder 1 in which is sucked the fuel mixture.
  • the light 11 of the rotary exhaust shutter 9 comes into contact with the exhaust port 5 and allows the flow gases burnt to the outside under the effect of their trigger (advance to the shutter opening exhaust).
  • each inlet 4 and exhaust port 5 is equipped with at least one mobile seat 6 or 7 for adjusting the fluid passage section and preferably two movable seats capable of to be reconciled to decrease this section or distant from each other to increase it.
  • the adjustment of the dispensing device previously described is obtained by means of an adjustment system the position of seats 6 and 7 of the rotary shutters 8 and 9, respectively, to modify the fluid passage time by decreasing or increasing the section of the access opening to 4 and 5 intake ports. that adjusting the position of seats 6 and 7 allows also to adjust the moment or instant of the closing and / or opening the intake ports and exhaust.
  • the operating command allowing to modify, during movement, the position of the movable seats may be obtained thanks to the adjustment device described below and shown in Figure 11.
  • This very simple design device is consists of a cylinder 36 in machined metal, fixed through the sealed transverse wall 34 separating the collectors intake 31 and exhaust 32.
  • the cylinder 36 includes, for example in its intermediate part, a flange 37 provided with holes and allowing its fixing, by means of screws 38, to said wall.
  • the part of the cylinder located in the exhaust manifold 32 is preferably also reduced as possible.
  • the opposite bottom of the cylinder has a shoulder interior 46 against which one of the ends is wedged a compression spring 47 of which the other end bears against piston 42, this spring having the function of pushing said piston back direction of the exhaust manifold 32, when the pressures or depressions decrease or stop.
  • this spring (diameter, wire diameter, pitch and number of turns, length, material) are determined according to the use sought and the environment in which he works.
  • this spring can be changed by the simple addition of one or more shim washers placed in the bottom of the cylinder, against the shoulder 46.
  • the end of the spring facing inward of cylinder 36 is housed in a groove created in the bottom of the piston which also has a guide portion 42a of reduced diameter, oriented towards the shoulder 46 and opposing the possible buckling of said spring.
  • the plug 50 makes it possible to avoid displacement excessive piston 42 under the effect of spring 47. It also protects the piston from heat, while its central hole 39 allows both the travel of the rod 40a and the passage of the gases acting on the bottom of said piston.
  • the piston is provided, for example at neighborhood of each of its ends, of a segment seal 48 made of nitrided or other cast iron material.
  • the piston 42 also includes a peripheral recess 49 provided between the grooves of sealing segments 48, this recess being intended to be filled with T.H.T.grease, during assembly or possibly later, thanks to a greaser (not shown) opening into the cylinder 36.
  • the face of the piston 42 oriented towards the intake manifold 31 is preferably also subject, by means of a joint and, for example, by means of a ball joint, a rod 40b, comparable to the rod 40a, and itself connected to a rod-shaft-rod-similar assembly to that previously described.
  • Rods 40a and 40b may have an adjustable length and be arranged in any manner known per se to present this characteristic.
  • the shaft 45 is connected to the movable seats 6 and 7 of the shutters 8 and 9, respectively, via rods 59 and a rod 60, to the linkages of transmission 51 acting directly on said shutters and an embodiment of which is visible on the right part of figure 1.
  • These seats 6, 7 have a curved shape, as seen especially in Figures 1, 12 and 13.
  • This machining contributes to create a space regular between the T-8 or T-9 rotary nozzle and the mobile seats, respectively 6 or 7, whatever his position.
  • the displacement of these, under the action of the rods which control their movement, between the cylinder head and the rotary nozzle at which they are affected, is thus perfectly controlled.
  • Each end of a mobile seat is limited in its lateral displacement, by a lateral flange 52 which also serves to improve the seal between the mobile seat 6 or 7 and the rotary nozzle T-8 or T-9.
  • the lateral flanges 52 comprise, on their internal face, a curved groove 53 in which is engaged a lug 54 which laterally comprises the mobile seat 6 or 7 and which limits the displacement of said seat.
  • Seats 6 or 7, curved as shown previously, are extended, opposite their edge free, by spaced rods 55, also curved and arranged equidistant from the side edges said seats, these rods comprising a head 55a by through which they are connected, to by means of a joint, at the linkage 51 (side right of figure 1) or to the control levers 35 (left side of figure 1), depending on the option of command adopted to obtain the displacement of mobile seat elements 6 or 7.
  • the invention provides a significant improvement, compared to traditional distribution systems valves, because it allows the removal of these last and all of their springs or other reminder systems, which makes it possible to envisage a significant increase in the speed of rotation of engines and their performance.
  • This cavity by its shape and by its volume significantly higher than that required for good operation of the complete rotary assembly and its seats as well as all the bodies influencing the modification of their position, ensures free transfer of gases from any point to another inside this cavity, around the whole rotary and in the middle of the annex organs allowing and facilitating the flow of gases to the cylinders also powered from inside the rotary assembly.
  • It can be perforated as needed in multiple locations and connected in one or more points with external air or air inlets gas mixtures necessary for the proper functioning of the engine.
  • the other cavity forming a common collector 32 for the burnt gas outlet, contains the rotary assembly T-9 and its seats 6, 7 mobile or not, replacing the exhaust valves and all devices operation of the latter.
  • This cavity 32 whose shape and volume may be totally different from those in the cavity 31, must very easily contain the rotary assembly, the movable seats or not, as well as all the organs influencing the change in position of these last ; it ensures the free transfer of gases burnt, from one place to another, inside of this cavity, around the rotary assembly and at middle of the appendices, allowing and facilitating the path of the burnt gases from the cylinders to exterior, greatly improving their evacuation, also through the interior of the rotary assembly.
  • It can also be perforated according to the needs in multiple places and connected in one or several points with one or more conduits gas outlet.
  • the implementation of the invention does not require substantial changes.
  • the external parts of the cylinder head (s) may, however, in this case, have fins of appropriate shapes and dimensions to remove excess calories and ensure good cooling of the cylinder head (s) of this type engine.
  • This middle partition is also used in the other direction, to a transfer of appreciable frigories, thus allowing cooling of the burnt gases.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un moteur à combustion interne, à obturateurs de distribution rotatifs.The present invention relates to a motor with internal combustion, with distribution shutters rotary.

On a déjà cherché à pallier aux inconvénients des systèmes de distribution classiques à soupapes, en proposant des dispositifs de distribution à obturateurs rotatifs.We have already sought to overcome the disadvantages of conventional valve distribution systems, in offering shutter distribution devices rotary.

On connait, par exemple, par le document US-A-2.730.088, un moteur à combustion interne multicylindre comprenant un groupe de cylindres en ligne dont les chambres de combustion communiquent, chacune, avec un orifice d'admission et avec un orifice d'échappement, les orifices d'admission, d'une part, et les orifices d'échappement, d'autre part, dudit groupe de cylindres étant disposés en alignements, les moyens de distribution permettant l'ouverture et la fermeture desdits orifices d'admission et d'échappement comprenant deux tuyères rotatives, de section circulaire, comportant, chacune, une pluralité d'obturateurs creux alignés, rigidement reliés les uns aux autres et communiquant entre eux, et dont la paroi latérale est pourvue d'une pluralité de lumières espacées, décalées angulairement, et dont le nombre correspond à celui des cylindres à desservir, l'une de ces tuyères rotatives permettant l'ouverture et la fermeture de l'alignement d'orifices d'admission du groupe de cylindres, tandis que la seconde permet l'ouverture et la fermeture de l'alignement d'orifices d'échappement dudit groupe de cylindres.We know, for example, by the document US-A-2,730,088, an internal combustion engine multicylinder including a group of cylinders in line of which the combustion chambers communicate, each, with an intake port and with an orifice on the one hand, and the exhaust ports, on the other hand, of said group cylinders being arranged in alignments, the means for opening and closing said intake and exhaust ports comprising two rotary nozzles, of section circular, each comprising a plurality aligned hollow shutters, rigidly connected to each other to others and communicating with each other, and whose wall side is provided with a plurality of lights spaced, angularly offset, and the number of which corresponds to that of the cylinders to be served, one of these rotary nozzles allowing the opening and closing the intake port alignment of the group of cylinders, while the second allows opening and closing the alignment of holes exhaust of said group of cylinders.

Chaque tuyère rotative est constituée de portions cylindriques alternées de diamètres différents, les lumières de passage des gaz étant prévues dans les portions de diamètre réduit. Chaque tuyère rotative de distribution est logée dans un fourreau fixe et ses portions de diamètre plus important sont dimensionnées pour avoir un jeu de rotation et de coulissement bien ajusté à l'intérieur dudit fourreau fixe, ces portions plus larges étant munies, au voisinage de leurs extrémités, de bagues d'étanchéité permettant d'établir un joint étanche au passage des gaz.Each rotary nozzle consists of portions cylindrical cylinders of different diameters, gas passage lights being provided in the reduced diameter portions. Each rotary nozzle of distribution is housed in a fixed sleeve and its larger diameter portions are sized to have a good rotation and sliding play fitted inside said fixed sheath, these portions being larger provided, in the vicinity of their ends, sealing rings to establish a gas tight seal.

Le dispositif décrit dans le document US-A-2.730.088 présente un important inconvénient qui découle du fait que la circulation des gaz s'effectue exclusivement à l'intérieur des tiges distributrices rotatives d'admission et d'échappement.The device described in the document US-A-2,730,088 has an important drawback which follows from the fact that the gas circulation takes place exclusively inside the dispensing rods intake and exhaust rotary.

Il en résulte, dans le cas de l'admission, que le premier cylindre se trouve alimenté préférentiellement, puis le second, puis le troisième, etc.It follows, in the case of admission, that the first cylinder is preferably supplied, then the second, then the third, etc.

Ces cylindres sont donc alimentés successivement, de manière très inégale, aussi bien en volume qu'en qualité de mélange gazeux, de sorte que l'on a un mauvais équilibre du moteur.These cylinders are therefore successively supplied, very unevenly, both in volume and gas mixture quality, so that we have a poor engine balance.

De la même façon, l'évacuation des gaz brûlés se fait uniquement par l'intérieur de la tige rotative d'échappement, successivement pour chacun des cylindres, de sorte que l'échappement des gaz s'opère aussi de manière très irrégulière selon que les cylindres se trouvent plus ou moins éloignés de la sortie de ladite tige.In the same way, the evacuation of the burnt gases takes place made only from inside the rotating rod exhaust, successively for each of cylinders, so that the gases escape also very irregularly depending on whether the cylinders are more or less distant from the exit of said rod.

Un autre inconvénient du dispositif décrit dans le document susmentionné, réside dans le fait que l'on se trouve dans l'obligation de placer le carburateur ou l'échappement à l'une des extrémités des tiges tubulaires distributrices rotatives, ce qui constitue une contrainte lorsque le moteur doit s'inscrire dans un volume réduit.Another drawback of the device described in the above-mentioned document, resides in the fact that has to place the carburetor or the exhaust at one end of the rods tubular rotary distributors, which constitutes a constraint when the engine must register in reduced volume.

Un objet de la présente invention est de remédier aux inconvénients soulignés ci-dessus des moteurs à combustion interne multicylindre, à système de distribution rotatif, du genre de celui décrit précédemment.An object of the present invention is to remedy to the drawbacks outlined above of multi-cylinder internal combustion, with rotary distribution, of the kind described previously.

Selon l'invention, cet objectif est atteint grâce à un moteur selon la revendication 1.According to the invention, this objective is achieved thanks to an engine according to claim 1.

Grâce aux dispositions caractéristiques ci-dessus, la circulation des gaz s'effectue à la fois, par l'intérieur et par l'extérieur des tuyères de distribution rotatives, dans l'espace ménagé entre ces dernières et la surface interne desdits collecteurs, dans lequel tourbillonne la veine gazeuse (carburant et/ou comburant), de sorte que, dans le cas de l'alimentation, tous les cylindres sont alimentés sensiblement dans les mêmes conditions, aussi bien en volume qu'en qualité du mélange gazeux, si bien que l'on obtient une meilleure combustion et un meilleur équilibre du moteur.Thanks to the above characteristic arrangements, gas circulation takes place at the same time, by inside and outside the nozzles of rotary distribution, in the space between these last and the internal surface of said collectors, in which the gas stream swirls (fuel and / or oxidizer), so that, in the case of power, all cylinders are powered substantially under the same conditions, both in volume as in the quality of the gas mixture, so that better combustion and better engine balance.

De même, l'évacuation des gaz qui s'effectue à la fois par l'intérieur et par l'extérieur de la tuyère rotative d'échappement, se trouve grandement améliorée.Similarly, the evacuation of gases which takes place at the both inside and outside the nozzle rotary exhaust, is greatly improved.

En outre, grâce à ces dispositions caractéristiques, il est possible de placer le ou les carburateurs, ou autres dispositifs d'alimentation (injecteurs, etc) et l'échappement, en différents emplacements de la culasse, ce qui constitue un avantage très appréciable lorsque les moteurs doivent être logés dans des volumes réduits.In addition, thanks to these characteristic provisions, it is possible to place the carburetors, or other power devices (injectors, etc.) and exhaust, in different cylinder head locations, which constitutes a very significant advantage when the engines have to be housed in reduced volumes.

Selon une disposition préférentielle de l'invention, chaque orifice d'admission et d'échappement est équipé d'au moins un siège mobile permettant de modifier la section de passage des fluides, ainsi que le moment ou instant de la fermeture ou de l'ouverture dudit orifice, et des moyens de réglage permettent de régler la position de ces sièges mobiles, ces moyens comprenant un cylindre installé, de manière étanche, à travers la paroi étanche séparant les collecteurs d'admission et d'échappement, et dans lequel est logé un piston soumis à l'action d'un ressort de compression tendant à le repousser dans la direction du collecteur d'échappement, l'une des faces au moins de ce piston étant reliée, au moyen d'une articulation, à une tige de commande elle-même reliée à une biellette calée sur un arbre sur lequel sont également calées des biellettes reliées, chacune, par l'intermédiaire d'une tringlerie de transmission à l'un au moins des sièges mobiles de l'un au moins des obturateurs rotatifs.According to a preferential provision of the invention, each intake port and exhaust is fitted with at least one movable seat allowing to modify the passage section of fluids, as well as when or when to close or the opening of said orifice, and means for adjustment allow to adjust the position of these seats mobile, these means comprising an installed cylinder, sealingly, through the sealing wall separating intake and exhaust manifolds, and in which is housed a piston subjected to the action of a compression spring tending to push it back into the direction of the exhaust manifold, one side at least this piston being connected, by means of a articulation, to a control rod itself connected to a rod wedged on a tree on which are also fixed rods connected, each, by through a transmission linkage to one at least mobile seats of at least one of rotary shutters.

Les buts, caractéristiques et avantages ci-dessus, et d'autres encore, ressortiront mieux de la description qui suit et des dessins annexés dans lesquels :The above goals, features and benefits, and others will emerge better from the description which follows and attached drawings in which :

La figure 1 est une vue en coupe longitudinale de la partie supérieure d'un cylindre équipé d'un dispositif de distribution selon l'invention.Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the upper part of a cylinder fitted with a dispensing device according to the invention.

La figure 2 est une vue en perspective d'un exemple de réalisation d'une tuyère distributrice rotative constituée de deux obturateurs disposés dans le prolongement l'un de l'autre.Figure 2 is a perspective view of a example of realization of a distributor nozzle rotary consisting of two shutters arranged in the extension of each other.

La figure 2bis représente, par deux demi-coupes axiales, deux autres exemples de conformation d'une tuyère distributrice rotative constituée de deux obturateurs assemblés dans le prolongement l'un de l'autre.Figure 2bis represents, by two half-sections axial, two other examples of conformation of a rotary distributor nozzle consisting of two shutters assembled in the extension of each other.

La figure 3 est une vue en coupe axiale de l'embout d'entraínement d'une tuyère rotative.Figure 3 is an axial sectional view of the nozzle for driving a rotary nozzle.

La figure 3bis est une vue de face de l'extrémité de cet embout.Figure 3bis is a front view of the end of this tip.

La figure 4 est une vue en coupe axiale d'un mode de réalisation de l'embout opposé de la tuyère.Figure 4 is an axial sectional view of a mode of the opposite end of the nozzle.

La figure 5 est une vue en plan et en coupe d'un ensemble de distribution selon l'invention.Figure 5 is a plan view in section of a distribution assembly according to the invention.

Les figures 6 à 9a illustrent le fonctionnement du système de distribution selon l'invention.Figures 6 to 9a illustrate the operation of the distribution system according to the invention.

La figure 10 est une vue à caractère schématique, en plan et en coupe, d'un exemple de réalisation de tuyères rotatives d'admission et d'échappement équipant la partie supérieure d'un moteur à quatre cylindres.FIG. 10 is a schematic view, in plan and in section, of an exemplary embodiment of rotary intake and exhaust nozzles fitted the top of a four-cylinder engine.

La figure 10 bis est une vue à caractère schématique et à plus grande échelle selon la ligne 10 - 10 de la figure 10.Figure 10a is a character view schematic and on a larger scale along the line 10 - 10 in Figure 10.

La figure 11 est une vue en perspective et en coupe illustrant un dispositif de commande du système de réglage des sièges mobiles des obturateurs rotatifs.Figure 11 is a perspective view and section showing a system control device for adjusting the movable seats of the rotary shutters.

La figure 12 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un obturateur rotatif et de ses sièges mobiles.Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view a rotary shutter and its movable seats.

La figure 13 est une vue en perspective de l'un de ces sièges mobiles.Figure 13 is a perspective view of one of these mobile seats.

La figure 14 est une vue de face d'une flasque latérale de guidage des sièges mobiles.Figure 14 is a front view of a flange lateral guide for mobile seats.

On se reporte auxdits dessins pour décrire un exemple de réalisation avantageux, bien que nullement limitatif, du moteur à combustion interne selon l'invention et, plus particulièrement du dispositif de distribution équipant ce moteur.Reference is made to said drawings to describe a advantageous example of implementation, although by no means limiting, of the internal combustion engine according to the invention and, more particularly of the device distribution fitted to this engine.

La figure 1 montre la partie supérieure d'un cylindre 1 et une culasse 2 fixée à la partie supérieure de ce cylindre et délimitant la chambre de combustion ou d'explosion 3. Dans la culasse 2, par exemple exécutée en aluminium spécial et avec une conformation appropriée, sont ménagés les orifices d'admission 4 et d'échappement 5 eux-mêmes équipés des sièges 6, 7, respectivement, des obturateurs.Figure 1 shows the top of a cylinder 1 and a cylinder head 2 attached to the part upper part of this cylinder and delimiting the combustion or explosion 3. In the cylinder head 2, by example made of special aluminum and with a suitable conformation, the holes are provided intake 4 and exhaust 5 themselves fitted with seats 6, 7, respectively, shutters.

Les obturateurs sont constitués par des éléments rotatifs 8, 9, creux, de section circulaire, dans la paroi latérale desquels est ménagée une lumière 10, 11, respectivement, pour chaque cylindre du moteur à servir ou à desservir. Ces obturateurs peuvent avoir une forme cylindrique, ou conique, ou ovoidale, voire sphérique.The shutters are made up of elements rotary 8, 9, hollow, of circular section, in the side wall of which a light 10, 11 is formed, respectively, for each engine cylinder to be served or to serve. These shutters may have a shape cylindrical, or conical, or ovoid, even spherical.

En fonction du nombre de cylindres à servir ou à desservir, deux ou plus de deux obturateurs rotatifs 8, 9 sont assemblés en succession et en alignement, par exemple par vissage ou autrement.Depending on the number of cylinders to be served or serve, two or more than two rotary shutters 8, 9 are assembled in succession and in alignment, by example by screwing or otherwise.

La figure 2 illustre deux obturateurs rotatifs cylindriques 8a, 8b assemblés l'un à la suite de l'autre et destinés à équiper un moteur bicylindre. Les ensembles T ainsi réalisés seront désignés sous le nom de "tuyères rotatives" dans l'exposé qui suit, afin de faciliter la description.Figure 2 illustrates two rotary shutters cylindrical 8a, 8b assembled one after the other and intended to equip a twin-cylinder engine. The T sets thus produced will be referred to as of "rotary nozzles" in the following description, in order to facilitate description.

La figure 2bis montre deux autres exemples de conformation de tuyère distributrice rotative T constituée de deux obturateurs 8 ou 8' assemblés dans le prolongement l'un de l'autre, avec une aptitude de coulissement d'amplitude limitée l'un par rapport à l'autre, au moyene de simples cannelures 61, ce qui permet de solutionner les problèmes qui pourraient découler des effets de la dilatation ou d'un léger défaut d'alignement. En outre, sur cette figure, les obturateurs 8 de la demi-coupe inférieure présentent une conformation concave, tandis que les obturateurs 8' de la demi-coupe supérieure présentent une forme renflée dans leur partie centrale, une telle forme augmentant la capacité d'introduction des gaz frais dans les cylindres.Figure 2bis shows two other examples of conformation of rotary distributor nozzle T consisting of two shutters 8 or 8 'assembled in the extension of each other, with an ability to sliding amplitude limited one compared to the other, by means of simple grooves 61, which solves problems that might result from the effects of dilation or a slight misalignment. In addition, in this figure, the shutters 8 of the lower half-section present a concave conformation, while the shutters 8 ' of the upper half cup have a shape bulging in their central part, such a shape increasing the capacity for introducing fresh gases in the cylinders.

Comme indiqué précédemment, le nombre d'obturateurs 8 ou 9 constituant chaque tuyère d'admission T-8 et chaque tuyère d'échappement T-9 est fonction du nombre de cylindres du moteur. Ainsi, la figure 10 montré des tuyères rotatives d'admission T-8 et d'échappement T-9 constituées, chacune, par un alignement de quatre obturateurs 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, ou 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, respectivement, dont les lumières 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d ou 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d sont décalées de 90 degrés.As stated earlier, the number shutters 8 or 9 constituting each nozzle T-8 intake and each T-9 exhaust nozzle is depending on the number of engine cylinders. So the Figure 10 shows T-8 rotary intake nozzles and exhaust T-9 each consisting of a alignment of four shutters 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, or 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, respectively, whose lights 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d or 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d are offset by 90 degrees.

Les obturateurs tels que 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, ...., ainsi alignés et solidaires les uns des autres en rotation, constituent un ensemble tubulaire selon lequel lesdits obturateurs se trouvent en communication permanente par leur alésage.Shutters such as 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, ...., thus aligned and united to each other in rotation, constitute a tubular assembly according to which said shutters are in communication permanent by their bore.

On conçoit que les tuyères rotatives T-8 et T-9 peuvent être agencées et dimensionnées pour servir ou desservir un nombre variable de cylindres dont les axes peuvent être ou non parallèles.It is understood that the rotary nozzles T-8 and T-9 can be arranged and sized to serve or serve a variable number of cylinders whose axes may or may not be parallel.

Chaque tuyère T est, par exemple, constituée de pièces tubulaires en acier usiné et dont les surfaces extérieures et, au besoin, intérieures, peuvent être pourvues, sur tout ou partie de leur longueur, d'un revêtement en céramique ou autre matériau capable de résister aux chocs thermiques et autres, lors des phases : explosion, détente et échappement, notamment dans le cas d'un moteur à combustion interne.Each nozzle T is, for example, made up of tubular parts in machined steel and the surfaces of which exterior and, if necessary, interior, can be provided, over all or part of their length, with a ceramic or other material coating capable of withstand thermal and other shocks during phases: explosion, detent and exhaust, in particular in the case of an internal combustion engine.

L'une des extrémités des tuyères T-8 et T-9 est munie d'un embout d'entraínement et de guidage désigné dans son ensemble par la référence 12 (figure 3), tandis que l'extrémité opposée de ladite tuyère peut être pourvue d'un embout de fermeture 13 (figure 5) qui peut être constitué par une simple plaque fixée, de manière étanche, par vissage, sur ladite extrémité, ou d'un embout 14 comportant un prolongement axial tubulaire 14a (figure 4) permettant, suivant le cas, son raccordement, par exemple au moyen d'un joint rotatif, à une conduite d'arrivée de mélange carburé ou à un conduit d'échappement.One end of the T-8 and T-9 nozzles is equipped with a designated drive and guide tip as a whole by the reference 12 (FIG. 3), while the opposite end of said nozzle can be provided with a closing end piece 13 (FIG. 5) which can consist of a simple fixed plate, sealingly, by screwing, on said end, or a tip 14 having an axial extension tubular 14a (Figure 4) allowing, as appropriate, its connection, for example by means of a joint rotary, to a fuel mixture inlet pipe or to an exhaust pipe.

Chaque tuyère rotative T-8 et T-9 ainsi réalisée et équipée, comporte, selon le mode d'exécution des figures 2 et 5, à distance de ses portions munies des lumières 10 ou 11, des parties de diamètre plus réduit 15a, 15b, 15c (figure 2) sur lesquelles sont calées les bagues intérieures des roulements 16a, 16b, 16c assurant le guidage en rotation et le positionnement en translation desdites tuyères. Les bagues extérieures de ces roulements sont fixées à la paroi de logements décrits dans la suite du présent exposé et ménagés dans la culasse 2. Les roulements précités pourraient être remplacés par des bagues.Each T-8 and T-9 rotary nozzle thus produced and equipped, includes, depending on the mode of execution of Figures 2 and 5, at a distance from its portions provided with lights 10 or 11, parts of smaller diameter 15a, 15b, 15c (Figure 2) on which are fixed the inner rings of bearings 16a, 16b, 16c guiding in rotation and positioning in translation of said nozzles. The outer rings of these bearings are fixed to the housing wall described in the following of this presentation and arranged in cylinder head 2. The aforementioned bearings could be replaced by rings.

Chaque roulement 16a, 16b, 16c ou bague de frottement externe est entouré par deux bagues excentrées et concentriques 17, 18 dont l'une au moins peut être entraínée en rotation, avec toutefois une possibilité de mouvement angulaire limité. Cet ensemble, roulement et bagues, est maintenu et guidé, au niveau des paliers, entre deux paires de demi-coquilles 19. L'une des demi-coquilles de chacune de ces paires de demi-coquilles 19 est munie d'un ergot 19a. Ces ergots 19a pénétrent dans l'une des faces de l'une et de l'autre des deux bagues excentrées, de sorte que l'on obtient un mouvement de déplacement tendant à éloigner ou à rapprocher la tuyère rotative T-8, T-9 des sièges 6, 7 (qui sont décrits plus en détail dans la suite du présent exposé), par une simple rotation de ces demi-coquilles dont le mode de fixation sur la culasse permet de multiplier les positions angulaires.Each bearing 16a, 16b, 16c or friction ring outer is surrounded by two eccentric rings and concentric 17, 18 at least one of which can be driven in rotation, with however a possibility limited angular movement. This set, bearing and rings, is maintained and guided, at the level of bearings, between two pairs of half-shells 19. One half-shells from each of these pairs of half-shells 19 is provided with a lug 19a. These pins 19a penetrate one of the faces of one and the other of the two eccentric rings, so that we obtain a movement of movement tending to move away or move the rotary nozzle T-8, T-9 closer to the seats 6, 7 (which are described in more detail below present presentation), by a simple rotation of these half-shells whose method of attachment to the cylinder head allows to multiply the angular positions.

De ce fait, une facilité de réglage apparait ; les vis 20 fixant ces demi-coquilles sur les paliers étant directement accessibles après dépose des éléments 29 et 30 obturant les ouvertures non utilisées dans la culasse pour l'entrée ou la sortie des fluides. As a result, ease of adjustment appears; the screw 20 fixing these half-shells on the bearings being directly accessible after removal of the elements 29 and 30 closing the openings not used in the cylinder head for the entry or exit of fluids.

Le positionnement axial des tuyères rotatives T-8, T-9 dans leurs roulements 16a, 16b, 16c, est assuré par un épaulement usiné 22 sur lequel vient buter l'une des faces latérales de la cage desdits roulements dont l'autre face est bloquée par l'extrémité de la cage rotative suivante, ou par une bague fixe 23 en ce qui concerne le palier extrême 16c. Le rôle de cette bague, en ce qui concerne le palier avant 16a, est tenu par un épaulement 24 orienté vers l'intérieur, que présente l'embout 12. Cet embout 12 comporte une portée lisse 25 sur laquelle est montée la bague intérieure du roulement 16a et un arbre 26 sur lequel est fixée, par exemple par clavetage, une poulie crantée 27 entraínée par courroie crantée ou un pignon entrainé par chaíne.The axial positioning of the T-8 rotary nozzles, T-9 in their bearings 16a, 16b, 16c, is provided by a machined shoulder 22 on which one of the lateral faces of the cage of said bearings of which the other side is blocked by the end of the cage following rotary, or by a fixed ring 23 in what concerns the extreme bearing 16c. The role of this ring, with regard to the front bearing 16a, is held by a shoulder 24 facing inwards, which has the end piece 12. This end piece 12 has a smooth surface 25 on which the inner race of the bearing is mounted 16a and a shaft 26 on which is fixed, by example by keying, a toothed pulley 27 driven by toothed belt or a sprocket driven by chain.

L'extrémité externe 26a de cet embout en acier peut être usinée ou conformée (figure 3bis) de manière à pouvoir entrainer un allumeur, par exemple du type Delco (Marque Déposée) ou un autre appareil nécessaire au fonctionnement du moteur.The outer end 26a of this steel end-piece can be machined or shaped (Figure 3bis) so to be able to drive an igniter, for example of the type Delco (Trademark) or other necessary device during engine operation.

Tout moteur possédant nécessairement deux tuyères rotatives T-8 et T-9, on peut prévoir d'entraíner un ou deux allumeurs desservant et alimentant, par un circuit différent, deux bougies 28 par cylindre, comme on peut le comprendre en considérant les figures 1 et 5. Ces bougies 28 peuvent être implantées verticalement ou avec un certain angle dans le plan axial de la culasse, dans deux passages réservés dans cette dernière et débouchant dans la chambre de combustion.Any engine necessarily having two nozzles rotary T-8 and T-9, we can plan to train one or two ignitors serving and supplying, by a circuit different, two candles 28 per cylinder, as we can understand it by considering Figures 1 and 5. These candles 28 can be installed vertically or with a certain angle in the axial plane of the cylinder head, in two passages reserved in the latter and opening into the combustion chamber.

On souligne que, dans le cas d'un moteur diesel, la seconde perforation ménagée dans la culasse et aboutissant dans la chambre de combustion, peut être utilisée pour y loger une bougie de réchauffage ou autre.It is emphasized that, in the case of a diesel engine, the second perforation in the cylinder head and ending in the combustion chamber, can be used to house a glow plug or other.

On observe aussi que les embouts 12 peuvent être accouplés au dispositif d'entraínement des pompes d'injection des moteurs diesel ou être utilisés pour d'autres fonctions telles que, par exemple, la commande d'un appareil d'injection directe.It is also observed that the end pieces 12 can be coupled to the pump drive device diesel engines or be used for other functions such as, for example, the command a direct injection device.

L'accès aux embouts 12 et 13 des tuyères est extrêmement facile après dépose des plaques avant 29 ou arrière 30 de la culasse 2.Access to the nozzles 12 and 13 of the nozzles is extremely easy after removing the plates before 29 or rear 30 of cylinder head 2.

Le graissage des roulements de guidage des tuyères rotatives s'effectue à partir du réseau de graissage alimenté par la pompe à huile du moteur située dans le carter moteur. L'huile, à travers un conduit débouchant dans les paliers, retenue par les demi-coquilles 19 bloquant les bagues concentriques et les cages extérieures des roulements, remplit son office et retourne dans le carter moteur par un autre conduit libre et largement dimensionné.Greasing the nozzle guide bearings rotary is carried out from the lubrication network powered by the engine oil pump located in the Crankcase. Oil, through a through pipe in the bearings, retained by the half-shells 19 blocking concentric rings and outer cages bearings, fulfills its office and returns in the crankcase by another free duct and largely dimensioned.

Chaque tuyère rotative T-8 et T-9 entraínée par poulie 27 et courroie crantées, ou par pignon ou chaine, dont le mouvement a pour origine la rotation du vilebrequin d'un moteur à quatre temps, effectue une révolution pour deux tours de ce vilebrequin.Each T-8 and T-9 rotary nozzle driven by pulley 27 and toothed belt, or by pinion or chain, whose movement originates from the rotation of the crankshaft of a four-stroke engine, performs a revolution for two turns of this crankshaft.

Chaque élément obturateur de chacune des tuyères T-8 et T-9 présente une découpe ou lumière 10 ou 11, respectivement, soigneusement calibrée et dimensionnée et qui, lors de la rotation de la tuyère, communique périodiquement avec l'un des orifices 4 ou 5 débouchant dans la chambre de combustion de l'un des cylindres, suivant la fonction attribuée à la tuyère, cet orifice se trouvant fermé par la paroi cylindrique de l'obturateur entre deux passages de la lumière.Each obturator element of each of the nozzles T-8 and T-9 presents a cutout or light 10 or 11, respectively, carefully calibrated and sized and which, during the rotation of the nozzle, communicates periodically with one of the openings 4 or 5 opening in the combustion chamber of one of the cylinders, depending on the function assigned to the nozzle, this orifice being closed by the cylindrical wall of the shutter between two light passages.

D'autre part, lorsque la lumière 10 ou 11 a quitté la position de communication avec l'orifice 4 ou 5 d'accès à la chambre de combustion 3, elle débouche dans la cavité 31 ou 32 entourant la tuyère rotative T-8 ou T-9, respectivement.On the other hand, when light 10 or 11 has left the communication position with port 4 or 5 access to the combustion chamber 3, it opens in the cavity 31 or 32 surrounding the rotary nozzle T-8 or T-9, respectively.

Les tuyères d'admission T-8 et d'échappement T-9 sont placées dans deux cavités voisines de forme cylindrique ou autres, ménagées dans la culasse 2 et séparées de manière étanche l'une de l'autre, ces cavités constituant, respectivement le collecteur d'admission 31 et le collecteur d'échappement 32.T-8 intake and T-9 exhaust nozzles are placed in two neighboring shaped cavities cylindrical or others, formed in the cylinder head 2 and tightly separated from each other, these cavities constituting, respectively, the collector intake 31 and exhaust manifold 32.

Ces collecteurs d'admission 31 et d'échappement 32 sont constitués par des chambres ou espaces longitudinaux qui entourent les tuyères rotatives d'admission T-8 et d'échappement T-9, respectivement, sur la plus grande partie de leur périphérie, ces chambres ou espaces longitudinaux permettant la circulation des gaz à l'extérieur et le long desdites tuyères distributrices. On comprend que, de la sorte, les gaz peuvent circuler librement aussi bien à l'intérieur qu'à l'extérieur des tuyères. Pour permettre la libre circulation des gaz à l'extérieur et le long des tuyères rotatives de distribution, les cages 63 qui assurent le positionnement des ensembles 16-17-18 constituant les paliers desdites tuyères et plus particulièrement les cages recevant les paliers intermédiaires entre cylindres, ne sont pas étanches, mais ajourées ou pourvues de passages 62 autorisant cette libre circulation (figures 10 et 10 bis).These intake manifolds 31 and exhaust manifolds 32 consist of longitudinal chambers or spaces surrounding the rotary intake nozzles T-8 and T-9 exhaust, respectively, on the most much of their periphery, these rooms or longitudinal spaces allowing gas circulation outside and along said distributor nozzles. It is understood that, in this way, the gases can move freely both inside and outside outside the nozzles. To allow free movement gases outside and along the nozzles distribution presses, the cages 63 which ensure the positioning of the sets 16-17-18 constituting the bearings of said nozzles and more particularly the cages receiving intermediate bearings between cylinders, are not waterproof, but perforated or provided with passages 62 authorizing this free circulation (Figures 10 and 10a).

Les lumières 10, 11 de chaque couple d'obturateurs jumelés 8, 9 des tuyères rotatives de distribution T-8, T-9, ont une position décalée angulairement l'une par rapport à l'autre, pour leur permettre de remplir la fonction qui leur est dévolue, c'est-à-dire "Admission" et "Echappement", respectivement.The lights 10, 11 of each pair of shutters 8, 9 of the T-8 rotary distribution nozzles, T-9, have a position angularly offset one by report to each other, to allow them to complete the function assigned to them, ie "Admission" and "Escape", respectively.

Lors de la rotation du vilebrequin, les tuyères rotatives T-8 et T-9 sont entraínées en rotation à une vitesse qui est la moitié de celle de ce dernier, comme indiqué précédemment, de sorte que chacune d'elles effectue un demi-tour lorsque le vilebrequin accomplit un tour.When the crankshaft rotates, the nozzles rotary T-8 and T-9 are rotated at one speed which is half that of the latter like indicated above, so that each of them makes a U-turn when the crankshaft completes a lap.

On peut utiliser la zone arrière de la culasse, après dépose de la plaque arrière 30 de celle-ci et sa traversée par perforation ou remplacement, puis après enlèvement des plaques 13 obturant l'extrémité des tuyères rotatives T-8, T-9, pour remplacer ces plaques 13 par des embouts 14 du genre de celui qui est illustré à la figure 4 et comportant un manchon 14a suffisamment long pour traverser des trous 56 réservés dans ladite plaque arrière 30 et déboucher hors de cette plaque (tracé en traits interrompus de la figure 5), qui recevra alors une cloison séparatrice verticale étanche (non représentée), disposée dans le prolongement de la cloison 34 placée entre les cavités 31 et 32 renfermant les tuyères rotatives T-8 et T-9, respectivement, dans la zone extérieure des paliers arrière 16c.We can use the rear zone of the cylinder head, after removal of the rear plate 30 thereof and its crossed by perforation or replacement, then after removal of the plates 13 closing the end of the rotary nozzles T-8, T-9, to replace these plates 13 by end caps 14 like the one illustrated in FIG. 4 and comprising a sleeve 14a long enough to pass through 56 reserved holes in said rear plate 30 and lead out of this plate (drawn in broken lines in the figure 5), which will then receive a vertical dividing wall waterproof (not shown), arranged in the extension of the partition 34 placed between the cavities 31 and 32 containing the rotary nozzles T-8 and T-9, respectively, in the outer area of the rear bearings 16c.

On pourra, dans ce cas, sans rechercher une étanchéité entre ces embouts rapportés 14 et la partie arrière 30 de la culasse, utiliser cette dernière pour recevoir des conduits destinés à l'alimentation des cylindres moteur et/ou à une évacuation des gaz brûlés.We can, in this case, without looking for a sealing between these added ends 14 and the part rear 30 of the cylinder head, use the latter to receive conduits for supplying engine cylinders and / or a flue gas outlet.

Toutefois, de manière préférée, les conduits d'alimentation et d'évacuation, communiquant avec les collecteurs d'admission 31 et d'échappement 32, sont raccordés sur les parois latérales 21 de la ou des culasses 2 ou sur le ou les couvercles 33 coiffant celle-ci ou celles-ci, lesquels peuvent présenter des orifices 58a, 58b, respectivement, de raccordement aux conduits d'arrivée des gaz frais ou d'évacuation des gaz brûlés (non représentés). Ce ou ces couvercles, sur la partie supérieure, se rejoignant dans l'axe de la cloison médiane étanche 34 séparant les tuyères rotatives T-8 et T-9, sont, d'une part, fixés d'un côté sur cette dernière, et pour les autres côtés, vissés sur la ou les culasses en laissant libres les têtes des boulons de serrage et les orifices pour bougies, injecteurs ou autres.However, preferably, the conduits supply and evacuation, communicating with 31 and 32 exhaust manifolds are connected to the side walls 21 of the one or more cylinder heads 2 or on the cover (s) 33 this or these, which may present ports 58a, 58b, respectively, for connection to fresh gas inlet or outlet pipes burnt gases (not shown). This or these covers, on the upper part, joining in the axis of the waterproof central partition 34 separating the rotary nozzles T-8 and T-9, on the one hand, are fixed on one side on the latter, and for the other sides, screwed onto the or the cylinder heads leaving the heads of the tightening bolts and spark plug holes, injectors or others.

On observe que tout conduit, véhiculant un fluide et débouchant en un point quelconque d'une cavité constituant un collecteur d'admission 31 ou d'échappement 32 et ménagée dans la culasse 2 autour de l'une des tuyères rotatives T-8 ou T-9, voit le transfert de ce fluide largement facilité par la possibilité qu'il a de passer d'une cavité à l'autre, par l'intérieur d'une tuyère qui fait office de conduite dans ce cas.We observe that all conducts, conveying a fluid and opening at any point in a cavity constituting an intake or exhaust manifold 31 32 and formed in the cylinder head 2 around one rotary nozzles T-8 or T-9, sees the transfer of this fluid largely facilitated by the possibility that it has to pass from one cavity to another, through the interior of a nozzle which acts as a pipe in this case.

En considérant l'application de l'invention à un moteur bicylindre et en se reportant à l'exemple illustré à la figure 5, on peut comprendre le rôle déterminant de l'évidement interne des tuyères.Considering the application of the invention to a twin cylinder engine and referring to the example illustrated in figure 5, we can understand the role determinant of the internal recess of the nozzles.

Alors que les lumières 10', 11' des obturateurs 8a, 9a, des tuyères T-8, T-9 desservant le cylindre I se trouvent en position basse, celles 10", 11" qui desservent le cylindre II sont en position haute, à 180 degrés des précédentes et en libre communication avec la cavité environnante, que les orifices d'alimentation ou d'échappement ménagés dans la ou les culasses soient latéraux (57) ou verticaux (58a, 58b), ou ménagés à l'arrière (56) des tuyères T-8 ou T-9, le libre cheminement des fluides autour et par l'intérieur de ces dernières en favorise l'écoulement rapide.While the 10 ', 11' shutter lights 8a, 9a, nozzles T-8, T-9 serving the cylinder I are in the lower position, those 10 ", 11" which serve cylinder II are in the high position, at 180 degrees from the previous ones and in free communication with the surrounding cavity, that the supply ports or exhaust formed in the cylinder head (s) are lateral (57) or vertical (58a, 58b), or arranged at the rear (56) of the T-8 or T-9 nozzles, the free flow of fluids around and inside the latter promotes rapid flow.

En outre, il faut noter les grandes facilités qui sont offertes quant à la disposition des entrées ou sorties de fluides. On peut, dans le cas d'un moteur à quatre cylindres n'avoir qu'un seul ou de multiples points d'entrée et/ou de sortie, car toutes les surfaces latérales ou supérieures, à l'exception des emplacements de positionnement des paliers avant, arrière et intermédiaire entre cylindres peuvent être ajourées et raccordables à l'arrivée ou à l'évacuation des fluides.In addition, note the great facilities which are offered for the layout of the entrances or fluids outlets. In the case of a motor with four cylinders have only one or multiple entry and / or exit points, because all lateral or upper surfaces, except for positioning locations of the front bearings, rear and intermediate between cylinders can be openwork and connectable on arrival or discharge fluids.

Par contre, le système d'admission et le système d'échappement sont séparés de manière étanche par la cloison médiane 34, comme indiqué précédemment.However, the intake system and the system are separated in a leaktight manner by the central partition 34, as indicated previously.

Les figures 6-6a, 7-7a, 8-8a, 9-9a, sont des vues associées deux à deux et à caractère schématique illustrant le cycle à quatre temps d'un moteur à explosion équipé du dispositif de distribution selon l'invention, en considérant un seul cylindre dudit moteur.Figures 6-6a, 7-7a, 8-8a, 9-9a, are views associated in pairs and of a schematic nature illustrating the four-stroke cycle of an internal combustion engine equipped with the dispensing device according to the invention, considering a single cylinder of said engine.

Premier temps : admission (figures 6 et 6a)First step: admission (Figures 6 and 6a)

Sur la figure 6, le piston P se trouve au PMH (point mort haut) à la fin de sa course de remontée terminant un cycle à quatre temps. La lumière 11 de l'obturateur rotatif d'échappement 9 communique encore avec le cylindre 1 tandis que la lumière 10 de l'obturateur d'admission 8 entre en communication avec ledit cylindre. Sur la figure 6a, le piston P descend, l'obturateur rotatif d'échappement 9 ferme l'orifice d'échappement 5, tandis que l'obturateur rotatif d'admission 8 communique, par l'intermédiaire de sa lumière latérale 10, avec le cylindre 1 dans lequel est aspiré le mélange carburé.In Figure 6, the piston P is at TDC (top dead center) at the end of its ascent stroke ending a four-stroke cycle. Light 11 of the rotary exhaust shutter 9 still communicates with cylinder 1 while light 10 of the intake shutter 8 communicates with said cylinder. In FIG. 6a, the piston P descends, the rotary exhaust shutter 9 closes the orifice exhaust 5, while the rotary shutter 8 communicates through its lateral light 10, with cylinder 1 in which is sucked the fuel mixture.

Deuxième temps : compression (figures 7 et 7a)Second step: compression (Figures 7 and 7a)

Sur la figure 7, le piston P est au PMB (point mort bas), l'orifice d'échappement 5 est complètement fermé par l'obturateur rotatif d'échappement 9, tandis que la lumière 10 de l'obturateur rotatif d'admission 8 communique encore, par un passage de section réduite, avec le cylindre 1. Sur la figure 7a qui montre le piston 1 lors de sa course de remontée, les orifices d'échappement 5 et d'admission 4 sont hermétiquement fermés par les obturateurs rotatifs d'échappement 9 et d'admission 8, respectivement ; les gaz sont comprimés dans la partie supérieure du cylindre.In Figure 7, the piston P is at PMB (point dead down), the exhaust port 5 is completely closed by the rotary exhaust shutter 9, while as the light 10 of the rotary intake shutter 8 communicates again, by a passage of reduced section, with cylinder 1. In Figure 7a which shows the piston 1 during its ascent stroke, the orifices exhaust 5 and intake 4 are hermetically sealed closed by the rotary exhaust shutters 9 and intake 8, respectively; gases are compressed in the upper part of the cylinder.

Troisième temps : explosion et détente (figures 8 et 8a) Third step : explosion and relaxation (Figures 8 and 8a)

Sur la figure 8, le piston P est de nouveau au PMH, les orifices d'échappement 5 et d'admission 4 sont toujours obturés par les obturateurs d'échappement 9 et d'admission 8, respectivement. L'inflammation du mélange comprimé provoquée avant que le piston P n'atteigne le PMH entraíne l'explosion qui propulse le piston P vers le bas (figure 8a).In FIG. 8, the piston P is again at the TDC, the exhaust 5 and intake 4 ports are always closed by the exhaust valves 9 and intake 8, respectively. Inflammation of the compressed mixture caused before the piston P does not reach TDC leads to the explosion which propels the piston P down (Figure 8a).

Quatrième temps : échappement (figures 9 et 9a)Fourth step: exhaust (Figures 9 and 9a)

Sur la figure 9, le piston P est de nouveau au PMB, la lumière 11 de l'obturateur rotatif d'échappement entre en communication avec l'orifice d'échappement 5 du cylindre 1, les gaz brûlés commencent à s'écouler vers l'extérieur. Sur la figure 9a, le piston est en cours de remontée, la lumière 11 communique avec l'orifice d'échappement 5, les gaz brûlés restant dans le cylindre sont expulsés par ledit piston.In FIG. 9, the piston P is again at the PMB, light 11 of the rotary exhaust shutter comes into communication with the exhaust port 5 of cylinder 1, the burnt gases begin to flow outward. In Figure 9a, the piston is being raised, light 11 communicates with the exhaust port 5, the burnt gases remaining in the cylinder are expelled by said piston.

Lorsque le piston atteint le PMH (figure 6), le cycle est terminé.When the piston reaches TDC (Figure 6), the cycle is finished.

On constate que lorsque le piston P d'un cylindre 1 a franchi le PMB à la fin de sa course de détente et commencé sa course de remontée (figure 9a), l'obturateur rotatif d'échappement 9 affecté à ce cylindre se trouve en position ouverte et le reste jusqu'à ce que ledit piston ait franchi le PMH (figure 6) ne se fermant ensuite (retard à la fermeture de l'oburateur d'échappement) que par le mouvement de rotation qui lui est transmis par l'intermédiaire de la poulie crantée ou pignon qui l'entraíne (figure 6a). Dans le même temps, la lumière 10 de l'obturateur rotatif d'admission 8 entre en communication avec l'orifice d'admission 4 (avance à l'ouverture de l'obturateur rotatif d'admission) et le reste jusqu'au moment où le piston P poursuivant sa course d'aspiration (figure 7) a franchi nouveau le PMB (retard à la fermeture de l'obturateur rotatif d'admission) et amorce sa course de compression (figure 7a).It can be seen that when the piston P of a cylinder 1 crossed the PMB at the end of its detente and started its ascent stroke (figure 9a), the shutter exhaust rotary 9 assigned to this cylinder is found in the open position and the rest until said piston has crossed the TDC (Figure 6) does not then closing (delay in closing the shutter only by the rotational movement which is transmitted via the toothed pulley or the pinion which drives it (Figure 6a). In the same time the light of the rotary shutter 10 8 enters communication with the orifice intake 4 (advance to shutter opening intake) and the rest until the piston P continuing its suction stroke (figure 7) crossed the PMB again (delay in closing the rotary intake shutter) and begins its stroke compression (Figure 7a).

D'autre part, pendant la phase de détente et avant que le piston 1 ait atteint le PMB, la lumière 11 de l'obturateur rotatif d'échappement 9 entre en contact avec l'orifice d'échappement 5 et permet l'écoulement des gaz brûlés vers l'extérieur sous l'effet de leur détente (avance à l'ouverture de l'obturateur d'échappement).On the other hand, during the relaxation phase and before that the piston 1 has reached the PMB, the light 11 of the rotary exhaust shutter 9 comes into contact with the exhaust port 5 and allows the flow gases burnt to the outside under the effect of their trigger (advance to the shutter opening exhaust).

Selon une autre disposition caractéristique de l'invention, chaque orifice d'admission 4 et d'échappement 5 est équipé d'au moins un siège mobile 6 ou 7 permettant de régler la section de passage des fluides et, de préférence, de deux sièges mobiles susceptibles d'être rapprochés pour diminuer cette section ou éloignés l'un de l'autre pour augmenter celle-ci. Le réglage du dispositif de distribution précédemment décrit, est obtenu au moyen d'un système de réglage de la position des sièges 6 et 7 des obturateurs rotatifs 8 et 9, respectivement, permettant de modifier les temps de passage des fluides en diminuant ou en augmentant la section de l'ouverture d'accès aux orifices d'admission 4 et d'échappement 5. On observe que le réglage de la position des sièges 6 et 7 permet également de régler le moment ou instant de la fermeture et/ou de l'ouverture des orifices d'admission et d'échappement.According to another characteristic arrangement of the invention, each inlet 4 and exhaust port 5 is equipped with at least one mobile seat 6 or 7 for adjusting the fluid passage section and preferably two movable seats capable of to be reconciled to decrease this section or distant from each other to increase it. The adjustment of the dispensing device previously described, is obtained by means of an adjustment system the position of seats 6 and 7 of the rotary shutters 8 and 9, respectively, to modify the fluid passage time by decreasing or increasing the section of the access opening to 4 and 5 intake ports. that adjusting the position of seats 6 and 7 allows also to adjust the moment or instant of the closing and / or opening the intake ports and exhaust.

On a représenté, sur la figure 1, deux modes d'exécution des tringleries d'actionnement de ce dispositif de réglage.There are shown in Figure 1 two modes execution of the actuation linkages of this adjustment device.

Sur le côté gauche de la figure, on voit un premier mode d'exécution suivant lequel les sièges mobiles 7 sont reliés à des leviers de commande 35 pouvant être actionnés à distance, à partir de l'extérieur de la culasse.On the left side of the figure, we see a first embodiment according to which the seats mobiles 7 are connected to control levers 35 can be operated remotely, from the outside of the cylinder head.

Sur le côté droit, est représenté un dispositif de réglage suivant lequel toutes les fonctions de modification de la position des sièges mobiles sont contenues et actionnées à l'intérieur de la culasse, dans le volume existant entre cette dernière et la tuyère rotative T-8 ou T-9 et constituant le collecteur d'admission 31 ou d'échappement 32.On the right side, there is a device for setting according to which all the functions of changing the position of the movable seats are contained and actuated inside the cylinder head, in the volume existing between the latter and the rotary nozzle T-8 or T-9 and constituting the manifold intake 31 or exhaust 32.

La commande de manoeuvre permettant de modifier, en cours de marche, la position des sièges mobiles peut être obtenue grâce au dispositif de réglage décrit ci-après et représenté à la figure 11.The operating command allowing to modify, during movement, the position of the movable seats may be obtained thanks to the adjustment device described below and shown in Figure 11.

Ce dispositif de conception très simple, se compose d'un cylindre 36 en métal usiné, fixé à travers la paroi transversale étanche 34 séparant les collecteurs d'admission 31 et d'échappement 32. Le cylindre 36 comporte, par exemple dans sa partie intermédiaire, une collerette 37 pourvue de trous et permettant sa fixation, au moyen de vis 38, sur ladite paroi. Pour diminuer l'influence thermique sur le dispositif, la partie du cylindre se trouvant implantée dans le collecteur d'échappement 32 est, de préférence, aussi réduite que possible.This very simple design device is consists of a cylinder 36 in machined metal, fixed through the sealed transverse wall 34 separating the collectors intake 31 and exhaust 32. The cylinder 36 includes, for example in its intermediate part, a flange 37 provided with holes and allowing its fixing, by means of screws 38, to said wall. For reduce the thermal influence on the device, the part of the cylinder located in the exhaust manifold 32 is preferably also reduced as possible.

Le fond du cylindre, côté "Echappement", est fermé par un bouchon 50 fixé de manière amovible sur l'extrémité du cylindre, par exemple par vissage, ce bouchon comportant un trou 39 permettant le passage et le débattement d'une tige de commande 40a reliée :

  • d'une part, par l'intermédiaire de l'une de ses extrémités et au moyen d'une articulation, par exemple d'une articulation sphérique 41, à un piston 42 logé avec une aptitude de coulissement dans ledit cylindre, et,
  • d'autre part, par l'intermédiaire de sa seconde extrémité et au moyen d'un simple axe goupillé 43, à une biellette 44 rigidement fixée sur un arbre 45.
The bottom of the cylinder, on the "Exhaust" side, is closed by a plug 50 removably attached to the end of the cylinder, for example by screwing, this plug having a hole 39 allowing the passage and movement of a control rod. 40a linked:
  • on the one hand, by means of one of its ends and by means of a joint, for example a spherical joint 41, to a piston 42 housed with a sliding capacity in said cylinder, and,
  • on the other hand, by means of its second end and by means of a simple pinned pin 43, to a link 44 rigidly fixed on a shaft 45.

En cas d'utilisation avec un turbo compresseur, le passage 39 traversé par la tige 40a sera muni d'un joint torique, puisque, dans ce cas, l'effet dépressif sera annulé.When used with a turbo compressor, the passage 39 crossed by the rod 40a will be provided with a O-ring, since in this case the depressive effect will be canceled.

Le fond opposé du cylindre comporte un épaulement intérieur 46 contre lequel est calée l'une des extrémités d'un ressort de compression 47 dont l'autre extrémité s'appuie contre le piston 42, ce ressort ayant pour fonction de repousser ledit piston en direction du collecteur d'échappement 32, lorsque les pressions ou dépressions diminuent ou cessent.The opposite bottom of the cylinder has a shoulder interior 46 against which one of the ends is wedged a compression spring 47 of which the other end bears against piston 42, this spring having the function of pushing said piston back direction of the exhaust manifold 32, when the pressures or depressions decrease or stop.

Les caractéristiques de ce ressort (diamètre, diamètre du fil, pas et nombre des spires, longueur, matériau) sont déterminées en fonction de l'utilisation recherchée et du milieu dans lequel il travaille.The characteristics of this spring (diameter, wire diameter, pitch and number of turns, length, material) are determined according to the use sought and the environment in which he works.

La compression de ce ressort peut être modifiée par la simple adjonction d'une ou plusieurs rondelles-cales placées dans le fond du cylindre, contre l'épaulement 46. D'autre part, l'extrémité du ressort orientée vers l'intérieur du cylindre 36 est logée dans une gorge créée dans le fond du piston lequel possède également une portion de guidage 42a de diamètre réduit, orientée en direction de l'épaulement 46 et s'opposant au flambage éventuel dudit ressort.The compression of this spring can be changed by the simple addition of one or more shim washers placed in the bottom of the cylinder, against the shoulder 46. On the other hand, the end of the spring facing inward of cylinder 36 is housed in a groove created in the bottom of the piston which also has a guide portion 42a of reduced diameter, oriented towards the shoulder 46 and opposing the possible buckling of said spring.

Le bouchon 50 permet d'éviter le déplacement excessif du piston 42 sous l'effet du ressort 47. Il protège également le piston de la chaleur, tandis que son trou central 39 autorise à la fois le débattement de la tige 40a et le passage des gaz agissant sur le fond dudit piston.The plug 50 makes it possible to avoid displacement excessive piston 42 under the effect of spring 47. It also protects the piston from heat, while its central hole 39 allows both the travel of the rod 40a and the passage of the gases acting on the bottom of said piston.

En outre, le piston est muni, par exemple au voisinage de chacune de ses extrémités, d'un segment d'étanchéité 48 exécuté en fonte nitrurée ou autre matériau.In addition, the piston is provided, for example at neighborhood of each of its ends, of a segment seal 48 made of nitrided or other cast iron material.

On observe que l'étanchéité absolue n'a pas de raison d'exister et qu'un jeu de dilatation entre cylindre 36 et piston 42 doit être prévu au départ pour tenir compte de l'influence thermique, notamment du côté "Echappement", lors d'un fonctionnement prolongé.We observe that the absolute seal has no reason to exist and that a set of expansion between cylinder 36 and piston 42 must be provided at the start for take into account the thermal influence, in particular the "Exhaust" side, during prolonged operation.

De préférence, le piston 42 comporte également un évidement périphérique 49 prévu entre les gorges des segments d'étanchéité 48, cet évidement étant destiné à être garni d'une graisse T.H.T., lors du montage ou éventuellement ultérieurement, grâce à un graisseur (non représenté) débouchant dans le cylindre 36. Preferably, the piston 42 also includes a peripheral recess 49 provided between the grooves of sealing segments 48, this recess being intended to be filled with T.H.T.grease, during assembly or possibly later, thanks to a greaser (not shown) opening into the cylinder 36.

La face du piston 42 orientée en direction du collecteur d'admission 31, est, de préférence, également assujettie, au moyen d'une articulation et, par exemple, au moyen d'une articulation sphérique, à une tige 40b, comparable à la tige 40a, et elle-même reliée à un ensemble biellette-arbre-biellettes-semblable à celui précédemment décrit. Les tiges 40a et 40b peuvent avoir une longueur réglable et être agencées de toute manière connue en soi pour présenter cette caractéristique.The face of the piston 42 oriented towards the intake manifold 31 is preferably also subject, by means of a joint and, for example, by means of a ball joint, a rod 40b, comparable to the rod 40a, and itself connected to a rod-shaft-rod-similar assembly to that previously described. Rods 40a and 40b may have an adjustable length and be arranged in any manner known per se to present this characteristic.

Comme indiqué précédemment, dans les montages suivant lesquels l'une des portions extrêmes de l'ensemble piston 42-cylindre 36 est appelé à être exposée à une chaleur importante, la majeure partie de cet ensemble sera positionnée du côté "Admission" où les conditions de température sont différentes et extrêmement plus basses.As previously indicated, in the montages that one of the extreme portions of the piston 42-cylinder 36 assembly is called to be exposed to significant heat, most of this set will be positioned on the "Admission" side where the temperature conditions are different and extremely lower.

On comprend que la dépression créée en un point dans la phase "Admission", conjuguée à la pression engendrée lors de l'évacuation des gaz pendant la phase "Echappement" dans un moteur à explosion, agissant de part et d'autre sur les faces opposées du piston 42, provoque un mouvement de translation de ce piston qui grâce aux deux tiges mobiles 40a, 40b reliées, au moyen d'articulations, d'une part, pour chacune d'elles, au piston et d'autre part, à une biellette 44 fixée sur l'arbre 45 entraíne un faible mouvement de rotation dudit arbre. Sur l'arbre 45, sont également calées des biellettes de transmission 59 reliées aux tringleries de manoeuvre des sièges mobiles 6 et 7 des obturateurs rotatifs 8 et 9 des tuyères de distribution T-8, T-9. On conçoit que l'on peut fixer autant de biellettes 59 que cela est nécessaire en différents endroits souhaitables de l'arbre 45.We understand that the depression created at a point in the "Admission" phase, combined with the pressure generated during the evacuation of gases during the phase "Exhaust" in an internal combustion engine, acting from on either side on the opposite faces of the piston 42, causes a translational movement of this piston which thanks to the two movable rods 40a, 40b connected, by means of articulations, on the one hand, for each of them, at piston and on the other hand, to a rod 44 fixed on the shaft 45 causes a slight rotational movement of said tree. On the tree 45, are also wedged transmission rods 59 connected to the linkages for operating the movable seats 6 and 7 of the shutters rotary 8 and 9 of the distribution nozzles T-8, T-9. We understand that we can fix as many rods 59 that this is necessary in different places desirable from tree 45.

On observe que les biellettes 44 et/ou 59 peuvent être de longueurs différentes et placées en fonction des besoins et dans des positions variées, sur l'arbre 45, suivant l'amplitude du mouvement que l'on souhaite leur faire transmettre, étant entendu que l'on peut, si nécessaire :

  • augmenter la capacité de l'ensemble cylindre 36-piston 42, en développant son diamètre ;
  • allonger la ou les biellettes principales reliées à ou aux arbres à desservir ;
  • augmenter le nombre d'ensembles cylindre 36-piston 42 ou conjuguer les montages précédemment décrits.
It is observed that the rods 44 and / or 59 may be of different lengths and placed as required and in various positions, on the shaft 45, depending on the amplitude of the movement which it is desired to make them transmit, it being understood that we can, if necessary:
  • increase the capacity of the cylinder 36-piston 42 assembly, by developing its diameter;
  • extend the main link (s) connected to the tree (s) to be served;
  • increase the number of cylinder 36-piston 42 assemblies or combine the assemblies previously described.

L'arbre 45 est relié aux sièges mobiles 6 et 7 des obturateurs 8 et 9, respectivement, par l'intermédiaire des biellettes 59 et d'une tige 60, aux tringleries de transmission 51 agissant directement sur lesdits obturateurs et dont un mode d'exécution est visible sur la partie droite de la figure 1.The shaft 45 is connected to the movable seats 6 and 7 of the shutters 8 and 9, respectively, via rods 59 and a rod 60, to the linkages of transmission 51 acting directly on said shutters and an embodiment of which is visible on the right part of figure 1.

Au nombre de quatre par cylindre, chacun des sièges mobiles 6 ou 7 placé dans la partie de la culasse 2 pourvue d'un orifice d'admission 4 ou d'évacuation 5 des fluides, vient se loger dans un emplacement usiné directement dans ladite culasse. Ces sièges 6, 7 ont une forme incurvée, comme on le voit notamment sur les figures 1, 12 et 13.Four in number per cylinder, each of movable seats 6 or 7 placed in the part of the cylinder head 2 provided with an inlet port 4 or evacuation 5 of fluids, is housed in a location machined directly into said cylinder head. These seats 6, 7 have a curved shape, as seen especially in Figures 1, 12 and 13.

La forme de cet usinage concourt à créer un espace régulier entre la tuyère rotative T-8 ou T-9 et les sièges mobiles, respectivement 6 ou 7, quelle que soit sa position. Le déplacement de ces derniers, sous l'action des biellettes qui commandent leur mouvement, entre le bloc culasse et la tuyère rotative à laquelle ils sont affectés, est ainsi parfaitement contrôlé.The shape of this machining contributes to create a space regular between the T-8 or T-9 rotary nozzle and the mobile seats, respectively 6 or 7, whatever his position. The displacement of these, under the action of the rods which control their movement, between the cylinder head and the rotary nozzle at which they are affected, is thus perfectly controlled.

Chaque extrémité d'un siège mobile est limitée dans son déplacement latéral, par une flasque latérale 52 qui sert également à améliorer l'étanchéité entre le siège mobile 6 ou 7 et la tuyère rotative T-8 ou T-9. En outre, les flasques latérales 52 comportent, sur leur face interne, une rainure courbe 53 dans laquelle est engagé un ergot 54 que comporte latéralement le siège mobile 6 ou 7 et qui permet de limiter le déplacement dudit siège.Each end of a mobile seat is limited in its lateral displacement, by a lateral flange 52 which also serves to improve the seal between the mobile seat 6 or 7 and the rotary nozzle T-8 or T-9. In addition, the lateral flanges 52 comprise, on their internal face, a curved groove 53 in which is engaged a lug 54 which laterally comprises the mobile seat 6 or 7 and which limits the displacement of said seat.

On observe que la couche en céramique armée des tuyères T-8 et T-9 ne fait qu'effleurer une infime partie des sièges mobiles 6 ou 7 dont la longueur, la largeur et l'épaisseur sont déterminées en fonction du diamètre du cylindre desservi.We observe that the ceramic layer reinforced with T-8 and T-9 nozzles just a tiny touch part of the mobile seats 6 or 7 whose length, width and thickness are determined according to the diameter of the cylinder served.

Les sièges 6 ou 7 étant soumis à des chocs thermiques et autres et à des agressions chimiques, sont également traités pour pouvoir résister à ces actions nuisibles en utilisant, soit, de préférence, des céramiques armées de mélanges appropriés, soit des aciers haute résistance alliés à des produits spéciaux.Seats 6 or 7 being subjected to shocks thermal and other and to chemical attack, are also treated to be able to withstand these harmful actions using either, preferably, ceramics armed with appropriate mixtures, i.e. high strength steels combined with special products.

Les sièges 6 ou 7, de forme incurvée comme indiqué précédemment, sont prolongés, à l'opposé de leur bord libre, par des tiges espacées 55, également incurvées et disposées à égale distance des bords latéraux desdits sièges, ces tiges comportant une tête 55a par l'intermédiaire de laquelle elles sont reliées, au moyen d'une articulation, à la tringlerie 51 (côté droit de la figure 1) ou aux leviers de commande 35 (côté gauche de la figure 1), suivant l'option de commande adoptée pour obtenir le déplacement des éléments de sièges mobiles 6 ou 7.Seats 6 or 7, curved as shown previously, are extended, opposite their edge free, by spaced rods 55, also curved and arranged equidistant from the side edges said seats, these rods comprising a head 55a by through which they are connected, to by means of a joint, at the linkage 51 (side right of figure 1) or to the control levers 35 (left side of figure 1), depending on the option of command adopted to obtain the displacement of mobile seat elements 6 or 7.

L'invention apporte une amélioration importante, par rapport aux systèmes de distribution traditionnels à soupapes, car elle autorise la suppression de ces dernières et de la totalité de leurs ressorts ou autres systèmes de rappels, ce qui permet d'envisager une augmentation sensible de la vitesse de rotation des moteurs et de leur rendement.The invention provides a significant improvement, compared to traditional distribution systems valves, because it allows the removal of these last and all of their springs or other reminder systems, which makes it possible to envisage a significant increase in the speed of rotation of engines and their performance.

On conçoit la grande simplicité et l'efficacité du système de distribution rotative résultant de la prévision, de préférence dans la culasse 2, de deux cavités cylindriques, étanches entre elles, mais communes à l'ensemble des cylindres à servir.We understand the great simplicity and efficiency of rotary distribution system resulting from the provision, preferably in cylinder head 2, of two cylindrical cavities, sealed together, but common to all the cylinders to be served.

L'une de ces cavités formant le collecteur commun 31 pour l'admission de l'air carburé ou non, ou gazéifié, nécessaire au bon fonctionnement du moteur, contient l'ensemble rotatif T-8 et ses sièges 6, 7 mobiles ou pas, remplaçant les soupapes d'admission et tous les dispositifs de fonctionnement de ces dernières.One of these cavities forming the common collector 31 for the admission of fuel air or not, or carbonated, necessary for the proper functioning of the engine, contains the T-8 rotary assembly and its seats 6, 7 movable or not, replacing the intake valves and all the operating devices of these past.

Cette cavité, de par sa forme et de par son volume nettement supérieur à celui nécessaire au bon fonctionnement de l'ensemble rotatif complet et de ses sièges ainsi que de tous les organes influant sur la modification de position de ces derniers, assure le libre transfert des gaz d'un point quelconque à l'autre à l'intérieur de cette cavité, autour de l'ensemble rotatif et au milieu des organes annexes permettant et facilitant le cheminement des gaz vers le ou les cylindres alimentés également par l'intérieur de l'ensemble rotatif.This cavity, by its shape and by its volume significantly higher than that required for good operation of the complete rotary assembly and its seats as well as all the bodies influencing the modification of their position, ensures free transfer of gases from any point to another inside this cavity, around the whole rotary and in the middle of the annex organs allowing and facilitating the flow of gases to the cylinders also powered from inside the rotary assembly.

Elle peut être ajourée suivant les besoins en de multiples endroits et raccordée en un ou plusieurs points avec les arrivées extérieures d'air ou de mélanges gazeux nécessaires au bon fonctionnement du moteur.It can be perforated as needed in multiple locations and connected in one or more points with external air or air inlets gas mixtures necessary for the proper functioning of the engine.

L'autre cavité, formant collecteur commun 32 pour la sortie des gaz brûlés, contient l'ensemble rotatif T-9 et ses sièges 6, 7 mobiles ou pas, remplaçant les soupapes d'échappement et tous les dispositifs de fonctionnement de ces dernières.The other cavity, forming a common collector 32 for the burnt gas outlet, contains the rotary assembly T-9 and its seats 6, 7 mobile or not, replacing the exhaust valves and all devices operation of the latter.

Cette cavité 32, dont la forme et le volume peuvent être totalement différents de ceux de la cavité 31, doit contenir très aisément l'ensemble rotatif, les sièges mobiles ou pas, ainsi que tous les organes influant sur la modification de position de ces derniers ; elle assure le libre transfert des gaz brûlés, d'un point quelconque à l'autre, à l'intérieur de cette cavité, autour de l'ensemble rotatif et au milieu des organes annexes, permettant et facilitant le cheminement des gaz brûlés des cylindres vers l'extérieur, améliorant très sensiblement leur évacuation, se faisant également par l'intérieur de l'ensemble rotatif.This cavity 32, whose shape and volume may be totally different from those in the cavity 31, must very easily contain the rotary assembly, the movable seats or not, as well as all the organs influencing the change in position of these last ; it ensures the free transfer of gases burnt, from one place to another, inside of this cavity, around the rotary assembly and at middle of the appendices, allowing and facilitating the path of the burnt gases from the cylinders to exterior, greatly improving their evacuation, also through the interior of the rotary assembly.

Elle peut être également ajourée suivant les besoins en de multiples endroits et raccordée en un ou plusieurs points avec un ou plusieurs conduits d'évacuation de gaz.It can also be perforated according to the needs in multiple places and connected in one or several points with one or more conduits gas outlet.

Dans l'application aux moteurs à refroidissement par air, la mise en oeuvre de l'invention n'impose pas de modifications conséquentes. Les parties extérieures de la ou des culasses peuvent cependant dans ce cas, être munies d'ailettes de formes et dimensions appropriées pour évacuer l'excédent de calories et assurer le bon refroidissement de la ou des culasses de ce type de moteur.In application to cooling engines by air, the implementation of the invention does not require substantial changes. The external parts of the cylinder head (s) may, however, in this case, have fins of appropriate shapes and dimensions to remove excess calories and ensure good cooling of the cylinder head (s) of this type engine.

En cas d'utilisation du moteur par basse température, voire par température négative, quel que soit le système de refroidissement utilisé, on observe que le pré-chauffage des fluides à l'admission est assuré, dès la mise en fonctionnement du moteur, par l'apport calorifique que transmet la cloison médiane de la zone d'échappement à la zone d'admission, ce qui évite le givrage dans cette dernière.If the engine is used in low temperatures, even by negative temperature, whatever the cooling system used, we observe that the pre-heating of fluids on admission is guaranteed, from starting the engine, by adding calorific transmitted by the middle partition of the area exhaust to the intake area, which avoids the icing in the latter.

Cette cloison médiane sert, par ailleurs, dans l'autre sens, à un transfert de frigories appréciables, en permettant ainsi un refroidissement des gaz brûlés.This middle partition is also used in the other direction, to a transfer of appreciable frigories, thus allowing cooling of the burnt gases.

Ces apports de calories ou de frigories peuvent être augmentés, suivant les besoins, soit par la prévision d'ailettes judicieusement placées, soit par une réduction de l'épaisseur de cette cloison, soit encore par son remplacement partiel par une partie d'échange exécutée dans un métal ayant un coefficient de conductibilité calorifique plus élevé.These intakes of calories or frigories can be increased, as required, either by forecast of finely placed fins, either by a reduction in the thickness of this partition, ie again by its partial replacement by a part of exchange executed in a metal having a coefficient higher heat conductivity.

Claims (12)

  1. Multi-cylinder internal combustion engine comprising at least one set of cylinders (1), the combustion chambers (3) of which are each provided with an intake aperture (4) and an exhaust aperture (5), the intake apertures (4) on the one hand, and the outlet apertures (5) on the other hand of the said set of cylinders (1) being disposed aligned, the distributions means which permit opening and closing of the said intake apertures (4) and exhaust apertures (5) comprising two rotary nozzles (T-8, T-9) which have a circular cross-section, each consisting of a plurality of hollow shutters (8a, 8b) which are aligned one after another and communicate with one another, such as to permit flow of the gaseous fluids in the interior and from one end to the other of the said rotary nozzles (T-8, T-9), the lateral wall of which is provided with a plurality of holes (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d; 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d), the number of which corresponds to that of the cylinders to be used or activated, one (T-8) of these rotary nozzles permitting opening and closing of the aligned intake apertures (4) of the set of cylinders (1), whereas the second nozzle (T-9) permits opening and closing of the aligned exhaust apertures (5) of the said set of cylinders; characterised in that the rotary intake nozzle (T-8) and the rotary exhaust nozzle (T-9) are accommodated, the former in an intake manifold (31) and the latter in an exhaust manifold (32), each delimiting a space or chamber which surrounds respectively the said intake nozzle (T-8) and the said exhaust nozzle (T-9), these chambers (31, 32) being separated in a sealed manner and disposed such as to permit free circulation of the gaseous fluids outside and along the said rotary distribution nozzles (T-8, T-9), from one end to the other of the said intake manifold (31) and exhaust manifold (32).
  2. Multi-cylinder internal combustion engine according to claim I, characterised in that the intake manifold (31) and the exhaust manifold (32) consist of cavities provided in the cylinder head (2) of the said engine.
  3. Multi-cylinder internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the rotary intake nozzle (T-8) and exhaust nozzle (T-9) are mounted such as to rotate in bearings or rings (16a, 16b; 16c), the cages (63) which support these bearings or rings being provided with passages or openings (62) which permit free flow of the gases from one end to the other of the intake manifold (31) and exhaust manifold (32).
  4. Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that each intake aperture (4) and / or exhaust aperture (5) is provided with at least one mobile seat (6, 7) which makes it possible to modify the cross-section of passage of the fluids, and the moment or instant of closing or opening of the said aperture, these mobile seats (6, 7) being accommodated inside cavities which constitute the intake manifold (31) and exhaust manifold (32).
  5. Internal combustion engine according to claim 4, characterised in that each intake aperture (4) and / or exhaust aperture (5) is provided with two mobile seats (6, 7) which are mounted such that they can undergo movement of distancing or approach, these mobile seats (6, 7) being accommodated inside the cavities which constitute the intake manifold (31) and exhaust manifold (32).
  6. Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that one of the ends of the rotary shutters (8, T-8; 9, T-9) is provided with an entrainment joining piece (12), and in that the end portion (26a) of this joining piece is arranged or shaped such as to ensure entrainment of a device which is necessary for functioning of the engine.
  7. Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that one of the ends of the rotary shutters (8, T-8; 9, T-9) is provided with a joining piece (14) which comprises a tubular axial extension (14a) for connection to a carburised mixture intake pipe or to an exhaust pipe.
  8. Internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the rotary shutters (8, T-8; 9, T-9) of which are guided in rotation by means of bearings or rings (16a, 16b, 16c), characterised in that these bearings or rings are surrounded by two off-centred and concentric rings (17, 18), one of which at least can be entrained in a rotational movement of limited amplitude.
  9. Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterised in that the seats (6, 7) of the rotary shutters (8, T-8; 9, T-9) have a curved shape and are guided in lateral flanges (52).
  10. Internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 4, 5 or 9, characterised in that it comprises means for regulation of the position of the mobile seats (6, 7) of the rotary shutters (8, T-8; 9, T-9).
  11. Internal combustion engine according to claim 10, characterised in that the device for regulation of the position of the mobile seats (6, 7) of the rotary shutters (8, 9) comprises a cylinder (36) which is installed in a sealed manner through the sealed wall (34) which separates the intake manifold (31) and exhaust manifold (32), and in which there is accommodated a piston (42) which is subjected to the action of a compression spring (47) which tends to thrust the piston in the direction of the exhaust manifold (32), at least one of the surfaces of this piston (42) being connected by means of an articulation (41) to a control rod (40a, 40b), which itself is connected to a connecting rod (44) secured on a shaft (45), onto which there are also secured connecting rods (59), each of which is connected by means of a transmission rod assembly (51) to at least one of the mobile seats (6, 7) of at least one of the rotary shutters (8, T-8; 9, T-9).
  12. Internal combustion engine according to claim 11, characterised in that each of the opposite surfaces of the piston (42) is connected by means of a rod (40a, 40b) and via a transmission (44, 45, 59) and a rod assembly (51), to at least one of the seats (7 8) of each rotary shutter (8; T-8; 9, T-9).
EP95914408A 1994-03-25 1995-03-23 Internal combustion engine having rotary distribution valves Expired - Lifetime EP0750719B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9403932 1994-03-25
FR9403932A FR2717857B1 (en) 1994-03-25 1994-03-25 Internal combustion engine, with rotary distribution shutters.
PCT/FR1995/000362 WO1995026460A1 (en) 1994-03-25 1995-03-23 Internal combustion engine having rotary distribution valves

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0750719A1 EP0750719A1 (en) 1997-01-02
EP0750719B1 true EP0750719B1 (en) 1998-06-17

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EP95914408A Expired - Lifetime EP0750719B1 (en) 1994-03-25 1995-03-23 Internal combustion engine having rotary distribution valves

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US (1) US5690069A (en)
EP (1) EP0750719B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH09510765A (en)
AU (1) AU2141795A (en)
DE (1) DE69503042T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2717857B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1995026460A1 (en)

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AU2256301A (en) 1999-12-10 2001-06-18 Jamal Umar Qattan Rotary valve head system for multi-cylinder internal combustion engines
US6578538B2 (en) * 2001-04-02 2003-06-17 O. Paul Trentham Rotary valve for piston engine
GB0218674D0 (en) * 2002-08-12 2002-09-18 Boulton Andrew J Improvements in or relating to internal combustion engines
EP1866531A2 (en) * 2005-03-09 2007-12-19 Zajac Optimum Output Motors, Inc. Internal combustion engine and method with improved combustion chamber
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WO2009039877A1 (en) * 2007-09-19 2009-04-02 Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH Cylinder head for an internal combustion engine
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US10711667B2 (en) * 2018-01-31 2020-07-14 Jonathan TAVERNIER Internal combustion engine with tubular valves and braking system
CN109441586A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-03-08 郑二帅 A kind of inlet and outlet mode based on internal combustion engine

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH09510765A (en) 1997-10-28
EP0750719A1 (en) 1997-01-02
FR2717857A1 (en) 1995-09-29
DE69503042T2 (en) 1999-03-18
WO1995026460A1 (en) 1995-10-05
FR2717857B1 (en) 1996-04-26
DE69503042D1 (en) 1998-07-23
US5690069A (en) 1997-11-25
AU2141795A (en) 1995-10-17

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