EP0731861B1 - Method for holding down a swing nose of a crossing of a railway switch as well as a hold-down device - Google Patents

Method for holding down a swing nose of a crossing of a railway switch as well as a hold-down device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0731861B1
EP0731861B1 EP95903780A EP95903780A EP0731861B1 EP 0731861 B1 EP0731861 B1 EP 0731861B1 EP 95903780 A EP95903780 A EP 95903780A EP 95903780 A EP95903780 A EP 95903780A EP 0731861 B1 EP0731861 B1 EP 0731861B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
crossing
holding
hold
nose
down device
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP95903780A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0731861A1 (en
Inventor
Dieter Grunwald
Jörg RECKMANN
Bernhard Reiberg
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Schreck Mieves GmbH
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Schreck Mieves GmbH
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Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19934340860 external-priority patent/DE4340860C2/en
Application filed by Schreck Mieves GmbH filed Critical Schreck Mieves GmbH
Publication of EP0731861A1 publication Critical patent/EP0731861A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0731861B1 publication Critical patent/EP0731861B1/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01BPERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B7/00Switches; Crossings
    • E01B7/10Frogs
    • E01B7/14Frogs with movable parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for holding down a movable frog tip of a frog of a switch, the frog tip being held down in the rest position and for changing the frog tip the hold-down is released before the start of a changeover process.
  • the invention relates to a holding-down device for holding down a movable centerpiece tip of a centerpiece of a switch, in particular for carrying out the aforementioned method.
  • the invention relates to a frog with wing rails, with at least one slide plate arranged below the wing rails, with a frog tip movable between two positions between the fins and with a hold-down device of the aforementioned type arranged under the frog tip, and a switch with such a frog.
  • Turnouts are known to enable individual rail vehicles or trains to change from one track, the so-called main track, to one branching from it, the so-called branch track, without interrupting the journey.
  • a switch has one or more frogs.
  • the heart of switches or crossings is the result of overlapping rail tracks.
  • the simple heart is most often found on simple turnouts. It can be a straight centerpiece with straight edges in the main and branch tracks, or an arc centerpiece with curved trunk and branch tracks or a curved and a straight track.
  • the driving edges of the intersecting rail tracks are interrupted at the heart.
  • the rail strands that continue from the tongues are bent in the frog area and are referred to as wing rails.
  • the two strands, which continue from the turnout ends, are brought together to the centerpiece tip.
  • a mechanical hold-down device for holding down the movable centerpiece tip.
  • This known hold-down device is firmly connected to the underside of the frog tip and has a multiplicity of disc springs which generate the hold-down force necessary to pull the frog tip onto the sliding plates in the rest position.
  • the hold-down is released before the changeover process begins.
  • the known hold-down device has a hydraulic drive which generates a counterforce counter to the spring force, so that the changeover can take place.
  • the hydraulic drive of the known hold-down device is usually located adjacent to the heart. The drive is connected to the hold-down device via hydraulic lines.
  • a disadvantage of this known hold-down device is that retrofitting is only possible with extremely great effort because of the need to fasten the hold-down device to the frog tip.
  • Another disadvantage arises from the complex hydraulic drive and the risk of leakage in the hydraulic connecting lines. Leakage of the hydraulic connection of the drive to the hold-down device can lead to the maximum hydraulic force not being sufficient to cancel the spring force generated by the plate springs, which makes a changeover impossible.
  • the hold-down device has at least one magnet.
  • the advantage of magnetic hold-down is that a hold-down device having a magnet can be retrofitted in a particularly simple manner, since mechanical processing of the frog tip and in particular a mechanical connection as in the known hold-down device is not required. There is also no need for a hydraulic drive. The problems arising in the prior art therefore do not occur in the invention.
  • Magnetic hold-down can in principle be carried out with the aid of at least one permanent magnet or at least one electromagnet.
  • an additional release device can be used to release the hold-down device, which presses the tip of the frog against the magnetic force to move it upwards.
  • the electrical deactivation of the permanent magnet, to which a coil is assigned for this purpose and which generates a force opposing the permanent magnet, is preferred.
  • the hold-down per se and the release of the hold-down can be controlled in a particularly simple manner in an electromagnet in that the electromagnet is actuated electrically. As soon as the electrical connection to the electromagnet is interrupted, no magnetic force is generated to hold it down. However, the use of at least one permanent magnet is particularly preferred. This generates the magnetic force even without additional electrical energy.
  • the electrical deactivation is only required for the changeover, while the situation with the electromagnet is exactly the opposite.
  • a part of a frog 1 of a switch is shown.
  • the heart is provided with wing rails 2, 3, which are arranged on at least one slide plate 4. Between the wing rails 2, 3 there is a frog tip 5 which can be moved between the wing rails 2, 3 via a changeover path U between two positions is.
  • a holding-down device 6 for holding down the movable centerpiece tip 5 is located below the centerpiece tip 5.
  • clamping devices for clamping and fastening the wing rails as well as base plates, which are arranged below the wing rails are basically present in a centerpiece or in a switch. For the sake of clarity, however, these components, which are not essential to the invention, have not been shown.
  • the hold-down device 6 has a magnet.
  • the magnet can basically be an electromagnet, it is particularly expedient that the magnet is designed as a permanent magnet.
  • An electrical supply line 7 is provided for the electrical deactivation of the permanent magnet or for the supply of the electromagnet. In the present case, the basic illustration and design of the permanent magnet or the electromagnet have been omitted.
  • the electromagnet according to the invention has an iron core which is inherently non-magnetic and which is penetrated by the magnetic field of a current coil, amplifies it and assumes magnetic properties itself.
  • electromagnets are made of soft iron and are either solid or (when operated with alternating current) layered from sheet metal.
  • the permanent magnet according to the invention is preferably at least partially surrounded by a coil. When the coil is activated, a force opposed to the magnetic force of the permanent magnet is generated, which releases the hold-down and enables a changeover. The permanent magnet is electrically deactivated in this way.
  • the slide plate 4 is excluded in the area of the hold-down device 6. In this way, there is a direct neighborhood between the underside 9 of the frog tip 5 and the active surface 10 of the hold-down device 6.
  • the active surface 10 of the hold-down device 6 is added directly to the magnet.
  • the arrangement of the hold-down device 6 to the frog tip 5 is such that the distance between the underside 9 of the frog tip 5 and the active surface 10 of the hold-down device 6 when the hold-down device is released, that is to say when the permanent magnet or electroless electromagnet is deactivated, is relatively small, preferably less than 1 mm and in particular 0, Is 4 mm.
  • the sliding plate is of course also continuous, i.e. H. without recess, can be formed.
  • the magnetic force to be applied by the magnet is correspondingly greater in order to ensure that the tip of the frog is held down accordingly.
  • the hold-down device 6 is supported on the slide plate 4 and / or the wing rails 2, that is to say it cannot be moved back and forth in a fixed manner.
  • corresponding flanges 11, 12 are provided on the housing 8 of the holding-down device 6, which are supported on the undersides 13, 14 of the wing rails 2, 3 in the exemplary embodiment shown.
  • a single circumferential flange can of course also be provided.
  • a direct attachment of the flanges 11, 12 is not absolutely necessary. It is sufficient if the holding-down device 6, i.e. H. supports the housing 8 on the base 15.
  • the hold-down device 6 can, for example, also be connected to the sliding plate, in particular screwed or welded.
  • the width of the electromagnet is greater than the width of the frog tip 5.
  • the magnet preferably extends over the length of the changeover path U of the frog tip 5. In the illustrated embodiment, the magnetic Force then generated over the entire length of the active surface 10.
  • magnets are arranged in the housing of the holding-down device. These are then preferably arranged adjacent to one another along the changeover path, in each case in the region of the two positions.
  • Each magnet is controlled when in use of electromagnets as a function of the rearrangement of the frog tip, so that only one of the two electromagnets is always in operation for holding down.
  • the heart 1 is provided with a lining piece 16.
  • the lining piece 16 is arranged between the wing rails 2, 3 and braced or fastened in a manner known per se, so that a more detailed description of the bracing or fastening and the outer shape of the lining piece 16 can be dispensed with.
  • the front end 17 of the chuck 16 is arranged above the outer end 18 of the frog tip 5 and interacts with it.
  • the front end 17 of the chuck 16 and the outer end 18 of the frog tip 5 are each stepped, which results in particular from FIG. 3.
  • the front end 17 forms an upper step, which is arranged above the lower end 18 designed as a lower step.
  • the chuck 16 has at least one spring element 19 acting on the outer end 18 of the frog tip 5.
  • the spring force of the spring element 19 is adjustable.
  • At least one helical compression spring and / or a plate spring can serve as the spring element 19.
  • a helical compression spring is provided.
  • the spring element 19 is arranged in an approximately vertical bore 20 in the chuck 16.
  • an adjustment element 22 is provided which is accessible from the top 21 of the chuck 16 and acts on the spring element 19.
  • the adjusting element 22 can be a screw, for example.
  • the screw designed as an adjusting element 22 is arranged in a threaded bore 23 which merges into the bore 20.
  • the setting of the spring force of the spring element 19 is achieved by prestressing the spring element 19, for which purpose a stop disk (not shown) can be used, which is connected to the setting element 22 and acts on the spring element 19.
  • the centerpiece tip 5 is movable, that is to say is not limited to a specific position, it is appropriate for the spring element 19 to act on a pressure plate 24 which extends approximately over the changeover path U of the centerpiece tip 5, preferably approximately over the entire width of the chuck 16 , which rests on the outer end 18 of the frog tip 5. It goes without saying that a plurality of spring elements 19, which act on the pressure plate 24 and are preferably distributed over the width of the lining piece, can of course also be provided.
  • the pressure plate 24, which could also be called a sliding plate, consists of a material with good damping properties and a low coefficient of friction. Plastic is particularly suitable as a material.
  • the spring element is preferably set such that no or only very slight forces act on the frog tip 5 in this state, so that the frog tip 5 can be easily changed over. Furthermore, the spring element is set and designed such that the spring force increases suddenly as soon as the frog tip 5 moves upwards relative to the wing rails 2, 3 and thus to the chuck 16. In this way, vibrations that occur are effectively damped by the at least one spring element 19.
  • the holding-down device 6 In the rest position, that is to say with the frog tip 5 held down, the holding-down device 6 according to the invention generates a magnetic force which holds the frog tip 5 down.
  • the centerpiece tip 5 is pulled onto the sliding plate 4 with sufficient force.
  • the hold-down is released before the changeover process begins, ie when a permanent magnet is used, it is electrically deactivated or when an electromagnet is used, its energy supply is interrupted. Vibrations occurring at this moment are then absorbed exclusively by the at least one spring element 19 of the chuck 16, while in the rest position of the frog tip 5, vibrations occurring by the at least one Magnetic generated magnetic force can be substantially damped.
  • the magnet is activated again, so that the frog tip 5 is pulled again against the sliding plate 4.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)

Abstract

The invention pertains to a method for holding down a swing nose (5) of a crossing (1) of a railway switch, wherein the swing nose (5) is held down in its idle position and the hold-down mechanism is released to initiate a switching operation. To achieve a very simple hold-down and especially to allow for simple retrofitting of the hold-down device (6) in a crossing, the invention provides that the swing nose (5) is held down magnetically. The invention also pertains to a hold-down device (6) to hold down a swing nose (5) of a crossing (1) of a railway switch, in particular to implement said method with at least one magnet.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Niederhalten einer beweglichen Herzstückspitze eines Herzstücks einer Weiche, wobei die Herzstückspitze in Ruhestellung niedergehalten und zum Umstellen der Herzstückspitze vor Beginn eines Umstellvorgangs die Niederhaltung gelöst wird. Außerdem betrifft die Erfindung eine Niederhalteeinrichtung zum Niederhalten einer beweglichen Herzstückspitze eines Herzstücks einer Weiche, insbesondere zur Durchführung des vorgenannten Verfahrens. Darüber hinaus betrifft die Erfindung ein Herzstück mit Flügelschienen, mit wenigstens einer unterhalb der Flügelschienen angeordneten Gleitplatte, mit einer zwischen zwei Stellungen zwischen den Flügelschienen beweglichen Herzstückspitze und mit einer unterhalb der Herzstückspitze angeordneten Niederhalteeinrichtung der vorgenannten Art sowie eine Weiche mit einem derartigen Herzstück.The invention relates to a method for holding down a movable frog tip of a frog of a switch, the frog tip being held down in the rest position and for changing the frog tip the hold-down is released before the start of a changeover process. In addition, the invention relates to a holding-down device for holding down a movable centerpiece tip of a centerpiece of a switch, in particular for carrying out the aforementioned method. In addition, the invention relates to a frog with wing rails, with at least one slide plate arranged below the wing rails, with a frog tip movable between two positions between the fins and with a hold-down device of the aforementioned type arranged under the frog tip, and a switch with such a frog.

Weichen dienen bekanntlich dazu, einzelnen Schienenfahrzeugen oder Zügen das Wechseln von einem Gleis, dem sogenannten Stammgleis, auf ein davon abzweigendes, dem sogenannten Zweiggleis, zu ermöglichen, ohne dabei die Fahrt zu unterbrechen. Eine Weiche weist neben einer Reihe von weiteren Einrichtungen ein oder mehrere Herzstücke auf. Herzstücke ergeben sich bei Weichen oder Kreuzungen durch Überschneidungen der Schienenstränge. Grundsätzlich gibt es einfache, doppelte, zwei- und dreifache Herzstücke, letztere werden auch mehrteilige Herzstücke genannt. Am häufigsten ist das einfache Herzstück bei einfachen Weichen anzutreffen. Es kann ein gerades Herzstück sein bei geraden Fahrkanten im Stamm- und Zweiggleis oder ein Bogen-Herzstück bei gekrümmten Stamm- und Zweiggleisen bzw. einem gekrümmten und einem geraden Gleis. Im Herzstück sind die Fahrkanten der sich kreuzenden Schienenstränge unterbrochen. Die sich von den Zungen her fortsetzenden Schienenstränge werden im Herzstückbereich abgeknickt und als Flügelschienen bezeichnet. Die beiden von den Weichenenden her sich fortsetzenden Stränge werden zur Herzstückspitze zusammengeführt.Turnouts are known to enable individual rail vehicles or trains to change from one track, the so-called main track, to one branching from it, the so-called branch track, without interrupting the journey. In addition to a number of other devices, a switch has one or more frogs. The heart of switches or crossings is the result of overlapping rail tracks. There are basically single, double, double and triple frogs, the latter are also called multi-part frogs. The simple heart is most often found on simple turnouts. It can be a straight centerpiece with straight edges in the main and branch tracks, or an arc centerpiece with curved trunk and branch tracks or a curved and a straight track. The driving edges of the intersecting rail tracks are interrupted at the heart. The rail strands that continue from the tongues are bent in the frog area and are referred to as wing rails. The two strands, which continue from the turnout ends, are brought together to the centerpiece tip.

Bei einer beweglichen, umstellbaren Herzstückspitze ergibt sich das Problem, daß die Gleitplatten im Bereich des beweglichen Herzstückes Schwingungen auf die bewegliche Herzstückspitze übertragen. Außerdem wird beim Befahren der Flügelschienenrahmen eingesenkt, ohne daß sich die Herzstückspitze in gleichem Maße absenkt. Die Folge hiervon sind Schläge vom Rad auf die höher liegende Herzstückspitze. Diese Schläge können insbesondere bei hohen Geschwindigkeiten zu Beschädigungen führen.In the case of a movable, adjustable centerpiece tip, the problem arises that the sliding plates in the region of the movable centerpiece transmit vibrations to the movable centerpiece tip. In addition, when the wing rail frame is driven in, it is sunk in without the centerpiece tip being lowered to the same extent. The This results in blows from the wheel to the higher centerpiece tip. These blows can cause damage, especially at high speeds.

Zur Vermeidung dieser Nachteile ist es aus der Praxis bereits bekannt, eine mechanische Niederhalteeinrichtung zum Niederhalten der beweglichen Herzstückspitze einzusetzen. Diese bekannte Niederhalteeinrichtung ist fest mit der Unterseite der Herzstückspitze verbunden und weist eine Vielzahl von Tellerfedern auf, die die notwendige Niederhaltekraft erzeugen, um die Herzstückspitze in Ruhestellung auf die Gleitplatten zu ziehen. Um die Herzstückspitze umstellen zu können, wird die Niederhaltung vor Beginn des Umstellvorganges gelöst. Hierzu weist die bekannte Niederhalteeinrichtung einen hydraulischen Antrieb auf, der eine der Federkraft entgegengerichtete Gegenkraft erzeugt, so daß das Umstellen erfolgen kann. Beim Umstellen der Herzstückspitze wird die bekannte Niederhalteeinrichtung aufgrund der festen Verbindung mitbewegt. Der hydraulische Antrieb der bekannten Niederhalteeinrichtung befindet sich in der Regel benachbart dem Herzstück. Der Antrieb ist hierbei über Hydraulikleitungen mit der Niederhalteeinrichtung verbunden.To avoid these disadvantages, it is already known from practice to use a mechanical hold-down device for holding down the movable centerpiece tip. This known hold-down device is firmly connected to the underside of the frog tip and has a multiplicity of disc springs which generate the hold-down force necessary to pull the frog tip onto the sliding plates in the rest position. In order to be able to change the centerpiece tip, the hold-down is released before the changeover process begins. For this purpose, the known hold-down device has a hydraulic drive which generates a counterforce counter to the spring force, so that the changeover can take place. When the centerpiece tip is moved, the known hold-down device is also moved due to the fixed connection. The hydraulic drive of the known hold-down device is usually located adjacent to the heart. The drive is connected to the hold-down device via hydraulic lines.

Nachteilig bei dieser bekannten Niederhalteeinrichtung ist es, daß ein Nachrüsten aufgrund der notwendigen Befestigung der Niederhalteeinrichtung an der Herzstückspitze nur mit außerordentlich großem Aufwand möglich ist. Ein weiterer Nachteil ergibt sich durch den aufwendigen hydraulischen Antrieb und der Gefahr der Leckage in den hydraulischen Verbindungsleitungen. So kann eine Leckage der hydraulischen Verbindung des Antriebs zur Niederhalteeinrichtung dazu führen, daß die maximale hydraulische Kraft nicht ausreicht, um die durch die Tellerfedern erzeugte Federkraft aufzuheben, was ein Umstellen unmöglich macht.A disadvantage of this known hold-down device is that retrofitting is only possible with extremely great effort because of the need to fasten the hold-down device to the frog tip. Another disadvantage arises from the complex hydraulic drive and the risk of leakage in the hydraulic connecting lines. Leakage of the hydraulic connection of the drive to the hold-down device can lead to the maximum hydraulic force not being sufficient to cancel the spring force generated by the plate springs, which makes a changeover impossible.

Die Erfindung geht nun einen neuen Weg und vermeidet die vorgenannten Nachteile. Bei dem eingangs genannten Verfahren ist nunmehr vorgesehen, daß die Herzstückspitze magnetisch niedergehalten wird. Dementsprechend weist die erfindungsgemäße Niederhalteeinrichtung wenigstens einen Magneten auf. Der Vorteil der magnetischen Niederhaltung besteht darin, daß eine einen Magneten aufweisende Niederhalteeinrichtung in besonders einfacher Weise nachrüstbar ist, da eine mechanische Bearbeitung der Herzstückspitze und insbesondere eine mechanische Verbindung wie bei der bekannten Niederhalteeinrichtung nicht erforderlich ist. Außerdem entfällt die Notwendigkeit eines hydraulischen Antriebs. Die sich beim Stand der Technik ergebenden Probleme treten bei der Erfindung also nicht auf.The invention now goes a new way and avoids the aforementioned disadvantages. In the method mentioned at the beginning, it is now provided that the frog tip is held down magnetically. Accordingly, the hold-down device according to the invention has at least one magnet. The advantage of magnetic hold-down is that a hold-down device having a magnet can be retrofitted in a particularly simple manner, since mechanical processing of the frog tip and in particular a mechanical connection as in the known hold-down device is not required. There is also no need for a hydraulic drive. The problems arising in the prior art therefore do not occur in the invention.

Die magnetische Niederhaltung kann grundsätzlich mit Hilfe wenigstens eines Permanentmagneten oder wenigstens eines Elektromagneten erfolgen. Bei Verwendung eines Permanentmagneten kann zur Lösung der Niederhaltung eine zusätzliche Löseeinrichtung verwendet werden, die die Herzstückspitze entgegen der magnetischen Kraft zum Umstellen nach oben drückt. Bevorzugt ist die elektrische Deaktivierung des Permanentmagneten, dem zu diesem Zweck eine Spule zugeordnet ist, die eine dem Permanentmagneten entgegengerichtete Kraft erzeugt. Die Niederhaltung an sich und das Lösen der Niederhaltung kann bei einem Elektromagneten in besonders einfacher Weise dadurch gesteuert werden, daß der Elektromagnet elektrisch betätigt wird. Sobald die elektrische Verbindung zum Elektromagneten unterbrochen wird, wird auch keine magnetische Kraft mehr zur Niederhaltung erzeugt. Besonders bevorzugt ist jedoch die Verwendung wenigstens eines Dauermagneten. Dieser erzeugt die magnetische Kraft auch ohne zusätzliche elektrische Energie. Lediglich zum Umstellen ist die elektrische Deaktivierung erforderlich, während die Verhältnisse beim Elektromagneten genau umgekehrt sind.Magnetic hold-down can in principle be carried out with the aid of at least one permanent magnet or at least one electromagnet. When using a permanent magnet, an additional release device can be used to release the hold-down device, which presses the tip of the frog against the magnetic force to move it upwards. The electrical deactivation of the permanent magnet, to which a coil is assigned for this purpose and which generates a force opposing the permanent magnet, is preferred. The hold-down per se and the release of the hold-down can be controlled in a particularly simple manner in an electromagnet in that the electromagnet is actuated electrically. As soon as the electrical connection to the electromagnet is interrupted, no magnetic force is generated to hold it down. However, the use of at least one permanent magnet is particularly preferred. This generates the magnetic force even without additional electrical energy. The electrical deactivation is only required for the changeover, while the situation with the electromagnet is exactly the opposite.

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile ergeben sich aus den weiteren Unteransprüchen, der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen anhand der Zeichnung und der Zeichnung selbst. Es zeigen

Fig. 1
eine schematische Querschnittsansicht eines Teils eines erfindungsgemäßen Herzstückes mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Niederhalteeinrichtung,
Fig. 2
eine der Fig. 1 entsprechende Ansicht eines Teils eines Herzstückes mit Futterstück und
Fig. 3
eine Ansicht entlang der Schnittlinie III - III aus Fig. 2.
Further features and advantages result from the further subclaims, the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing and the drawing itself
Fig. 1
2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a part of a heart piece according to the invention with a hold-down device according to the invention,
Fig. 2
one of FIG. 1 corresponding view of part of a frog with a lining and
Fig. 3
a view along the section line III - III of Fig. 2nd

In Fig. 1 ist ein Teil eines Herzstücks 1 einer Weiche dargestellt. Das Herzstück ist mit Flügelschienen 2, 3 versehen, die auf wenigstens einer Gleitplatte 4 angeordnet sind. Zwischen den Flügelschienen 2, 3 befindet sich eine Herzstückspitze 5, die zwischen den Flügelschienen 2, 3 über einen Umstellweg U zwischen zwei Stellungen bewegbar ist. Unterhalb der Herzstückspitze 5 befindet sich eine Niederhalteeinrichtung 6 zum Niederhalten der beweglichen Herzstückspitze 5.In Fig. 1, a part of a frog 1 of a switch is shown. The heart is provided with wing rails 2, 3, which are arranged on at least one slide plate 4. Between the wing rails 2, 3 there is a frog tip 5 which can be moved between the wing rails 2, 3 via a changeover path U between two positions is. A holding-down device 6 for holding down the movable centerpiece tip 5 is located below the centerpiece tip 5.

Es sei darauf hingewiesen, daß in den Fig. lediglich die für die Erfindung wesentlichen Bauteile dargestellt sind. Es versteht sich, daß bei einem Herzstück bzw. bei einer Weiche Klemmeinrichtungen zum Klemmen und Befestigen der Flügelschienen sowie Unterlagsplatten, die unterhalb der Flügelschienen angeordnet sind, grundsätzlich vorhanden sind. Der Übersichtlichkeit halber ist auf die Darstellung dieser für die Erfindung nicht wesentlichen Bauteile jedoch verzichtet worden.It should be noted that only the components essential to the invention are shown in the figures. It is understood that clamping devices for clamping and fastening the wing rails as well as base plates, which are arranged below the wing rails, are basically present in a centerpiece or in a switch. For the sake of clarity, however, these components, which are not essential to the invention, have not been shown.

Wesentlich ist nun, daß die Niederhalteeinrichtung 6 einen Magneten aufweist. Obwohl es sich bei dem Magneten grundsätzlich um einen Elektromagneten handeln kann, ist es besonders zweckmäßig, daß der Magnet als Permanentmagnet ausgebildet ist. Zur elektrischen Deaktivierung des Permanentmagneten bzw. zur Versorgung des Elektromagneten ist eine elektrische Zuleitung 7 vorgesehen. Auf die grundsätzliche Darstellung und Ausbildung des Permanentmagneten bzw. des Elektromagneten ist im vorliegenden Fall verzichtet worden.It is now essential that the hold-down device 6 has a magnet. Although the magnet can basically be an electromagnet, it is particularly expedient that the magnet is designed as a permanent magnet. An electrical supply line 7 is provided for the electrical deactivation of the permanent magnet or for the supply of the electromagnet. In the present case, the basic illustration and design of the permanent magnet or the electromagnet have been omitted.

Diese Ausbildung ist einem Fachmann grundsätzlich bekannt. Nur der Vollständigkeit halber sei darauf hingewiesen, daß der erfindungsgemäße Elektromagnet einen an sich unmagnetischen Eisenkern aufweist, der vom magnetischen Feld einer Stromspule durchsetzt wird, dieses verstärkt und selbst magnetische Eigenschaften annimmt. Grundsätzlich bestehen Elektromagneten aus weichem Eisen und sind entweder massiv oder (bei Betrieb mit Wechselstrom) aus Blechen geschichtet. Der erfindungsgemäße Permanentmagnet ist, wie der Kern des Elektromagneten, vorzugsweise von einer Spule zumindest teilweise umgeben. Bei Aktivierung der Spule wird eine der magnetischen Kraft des Permanentmagneten entgegengerichtete Kraft erzeugt, die die Niederhaltung löst und ein Umstellen ermöglicht. Der Permanentmagnet ist auf diesem Wege elektrisch deaktiviert.This training is generally known to a person skilled in the art. For the sake of completeness, it should be pointed out that the electromagnet according to the invention has an iron core which is inherently non-magnetic and which is penetrated by the magnetic field of a current coil, amplifies it and assumes magnetic properties itself. Basically, electromagnets are made of soft iron and are either solid or (when operated with alternating current) layered from sheet metal. Like the core of the electromagnet, the permanent magnet according to the invention is preferably at least partially surrounded by a coil. When the coil is activated, a force opposed to the magnetic force of the permanent magnet is generated, which releases the hold-down and enables a changeover. The permanent magnet is electrically deactivated in this way.

Die Gleitplatte 4 ist im Bereich der Niederhalteeinrichtung 6 ausgenommen. Auf diese Weise ergibt sich eine unmittelbare Nachbarschaft zwischen der Unterseite 9 der Herzstückspitze 5 und der Wirkfläche 10 der Niederhalteeinrichtung 6. Die Wirkfläche 10 der Niederhalteeinrichtung 6 wird hierbei unmittelbar zum Magneten hinzugerechnet. Die Anordnung der Niederhalteeinrichtung 6 zur Herzstückspitze 5 ist derart, daß der Abstand der Unterseite 9 der Herzstückspitze 5 zur Wirkfläche 10 der Niederhalteeinrichtung 6 bei gelöster Niederhaltung, also bei deaktiviertem Permanentmagneten bzw. stromlosen Elektromagneten, relativ gering, vorzugsweise kleiner 1 mm und insbesondere 0,4 mm ist.The slide plate 4 is excluded in the area of the hold-down device 6. In this way, there is a direct neighborhood between the underside 9 of the frog tip 5 and the active surface 10 of the hold-down device 6. The active surface 10 of the hold-down device 6 is added directly to the magnet. The arrangement of the hold-down device 6 to the frog tip 5 is such that the distance between the underside 9 of the frog tip 5 and the active surface 10 of the hold-down device 6 when the hold-down device is released, that is to say when the permanent magnet or electroless electromagnet is deactivated, is relatively small, preferably less than 1 mm and in particular 0, Is 4 mm.

Es versteht sich, daß die Gleitplatte selbstverständlich auch durchgehend, d. h. ohne Ausnehmung, ausgebildet sein kann. In diesem Falle ist jedoch die vom Magneten aufzubringende magnetische Kraft entsprechend größer, um eine entsprechende Niederhaltung der Herzstückspitze zu gewährleisten.It goes without saying that the sliding plate is of course also continuous, i.e. H. without recess, can be formed. In this case, however, the magnetic force to be applied by the magnet is correspondingly greater in order to ensure that the tip of the frog is held down accordingly.

Im Gegensatz zur bekannten Niederhalteeinrichtung ist bei der beschriebenen Ausführungsform der Erfindung vorgesehen, daß sich die Niederhalteeinrichtung 6 an der Gleitplatte 4 und/oder den Flügelschienen 2 abstützt, also fest und gerade nicht hin- und her bewegbar ist. Hierzu sind am Gehäuse 8 der Niederhalteeinrichtung 6 entsprechende Flansche 11, 12 vorgesehen, die sich im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel an den Unterseiten 13, 14 der Flügelschienen 2, 3 abstützen. Es versteht sich, daß selbstverständlich auch ein einziger umlaufender Flansch vorgesehen sein kann. Eine unmittelbare Befestigung der Flansche 11, 12 ist nicht unbedingt erforderlich. Es reicht aus, wenn sich die Niederhalteeinrichtung 6, d. h. das Gehäuse 8 am Untergrund 15 abstützt. Selbstverständlich kann die Niederhalteeinrichtung 6 aber auch beispielsweise mit der Gleitplatte verbunden, insbesondere verschraubt oder verschweißt werden.In contrast to the known hold-down device, it is provided in the described embodiment of the invention that the hold-down device 6 is supported on the slide plate 4 and / or the wing rails 2, that is to say it cannot be moved back and forth in a fixed manner. For this purpose, corresponding flanges 11, 12 are provided on the housing 8 of the holding-down device 6, which are supported on the undersides 13, 14 of the wing rails 2, 3 in the exemplary embodiment shown. It goes without saying that a single circumferential flange can of course also be provided. A direct attachment of the flanges 11, 12 is not absolutely necessary. It is sufficient if the holding-down device 6, i.e. H. supports the housing 8 on the base 15. Of course, the hold-down device 6 can, for example, also be connected to the sliding plate, in particular screwed or welded.

Um in jeder Stellung der Herzstückspitze 5 eine ausreichende Niederhaltung, d. h. eine ausreichende magnetische Kraft zur Niederhaltung, zu erzielen, bietet es sich an, daß die Breite des Elektromagneten größer ist als die Breite der Herzstückspitze 5. Vorzugsweise erstreckt sich der Magnet über die Länge des Umstellweges U der Herzstückspitze 5. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel wird die magnetische Kraft dann über die gesamte Länge der Wirkfläche 10 erzeugt.To ensure sufficient hold-down in every position of the frog tip 5, i. H. To achieve a sufficient magnetic force to hold down, it is advisable that the width of the electromagnet is greater than the width of the frog tip 5. The magnet preferably extends over the length of the changeover path U of the frog tip 5. In the illustrated embodiment, the magnetic Force then generated over the entire length of the active surface 10.

Selbstverständlich ist es auch möglich, daß im Gehäuse der Niederhalteeinrichtung mehrere, vorzugsweise zwei Magneten angeordnet sind. Diese sind dann vorzugsweise benachbart entlang des Umstellweges, jedenfalls jeweils im Bereich der beiden Stellungen angeordnet. Die Steuerung jedes einzelnen Magneten erfolgt bei Verwendung von Elektromagneten in Abhängigkeit des Umstellens der Herzstückspitze, so daß lediglich immer nur einer der beiden Elektromagneten zur Niederhaltung in Betrieb ist.Of course, it is also possible that several, preferably two, magnets are arranged in the housing of the holding-down device. These are then preferably arranged adjacent to one another along the changeover path, in each case in the region of the two positions. Each magnet is controlled when in use of electromagnets as a function of the rearrangement of the frog tip, so that only one of the two electromagnets is always in operation for holding down.

In den Fig. 2 und 3 ist eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausbildung eines erfindungsgemäßen Herzstücks 1 dargestellt. Neben den bereits erwähnten Flügelschienen 2, 3 ist das Herzstück 1 mit einem Futterstück 16 versehen. Das Futterstück 16 ist zwischen den Flügelschienen 2, 3 angeordnet und in an sich bekannter Weise verspannt bzw. befestigt, so daß auf eine nähere Beschreibung der Verspannung bzw. Befestigung sowie der äußeren Form des Futterstücks 16 verzichtet werden kann. Das vordere Ende 17 des Futterstückes 16 ist oberhalb des äußeren Endes 18 der Herzstückspitze 5 angeordnet und wirkt mit dieser zusammen. Das vordere Ende 17 des Futterstückes 16 und das äußere Ende 18 der Herzstückspitze 5 sind jeweils stufig ausgebildet, was sich insbesondere aus Fig. 3 ergibt. Das vordere Ende 17 bildet hierbei eine obere Stufe, die oberhalb des als untere Stufe ausgebildeten unteren Endes 18 angeordnet ist.2 and 3, a particularly advantageous embodiment of a frog 1 according to the invention is shown. In addition to the wing rails 2, 3 already mentioned, the heart 1 is provided with a lining piece 16. The lining piece 16 is arranged between the wing rails 2, 3 and braced or fastened in a manner known per se, so that a more detailed description of the bracing or fastening and the outer shape of the lining piece 16 can be dispensed with. The front end 17 of the chuck 16 is arranged above the outer end 18 of the frog tip 5 and interacts with it. The front end 17 of the chuck 16 and the outer end 18 of the frog tip 5 are each stepped, which results in particular from FIG. 3. The front end 17 forms an upper step, which is arranged above the lower end 18 designed as a lower step.

Wesentlich ist nun, daß das Futterstück 16 wenigstens ein auf das äußere Ende 18 der Herzstückspitze 5 wirkendes Federelement 19 aufweist.It is now essential that the chuck 16 has at least one spring element 19 acting on the outer end 18 of the frog tip 5.

Um das Futterstück 16 in besonders einfacher Weise verschiedenen betrieblichen Einsatzbedingungen anpassen zu können, ist vorgesehen, daß die Federkraft des Federelementes 19 einstellbar ist. Als Federelement 19 kann wenigstens eine Schraubendruckfeder und/oder eine Tellerfeder dienen. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist eine Schraubendruckfeder vorgesehen. Das Federelement 19 ist in einer etwa senkrechten Bohrung 20 im Futterstück 16 angeordnet. Zur Einstellung der Federkraft des Federelementes 19 ist ein von der Oberseite 21 des Futterstücks 16 her zugängliches, auf das Federelement 19 wirkendes Einstellelement 22 vorgesehen. Bei dem Einstellelement 22 kann es sich beispielsweise um eine Schraube handeln. Die als Einstellelement 22 ausgebildete Schraube ist in einer Gewindebohrung 23 angeordnet, die in die Bohrung 20 übergeht. Die Einstellung der Federkraft des Federelementes 19 wird durch Vorspannung des Federelementes 19 erzielt, wozu beispielsweise eine nicht dargestellte Anschlagscheibe dienen kann, die mit dem Einstellelement 22 verbunden ist und auf das Federelement 19 wirkt.In order to be able to adapt the chuck 16 in a particularly simple manner to different operating conditions, it is provided that the spring force of the spring element 19 is adjustable. At least one helical compression spring and / or a plate spring can serve as the spring element 19. In the illustrated embodiment, a helical compression spring is provided. The spring element 19 is arranged in an approximately vertical bore 20 in the chuck 16. To adjust the spring force of the spring element 19, an adjustment element 22 is provided which is accessible from the top 21 of the chuck 16 and acts on the spring element 19. The adjusting element 22 can be a screw, for example. The screw designed as an adjusting element 22 is arranged in a threaded bore 23 which merges into the bore 20. The setting of the spring force of the spring element 19 is achieved by prestressing the spring element 19, for which purpose a stop disk (not shown) can be used, which is connected to the setting element 22 and acts on the spring element 19.

Da die Herzstückspitze 5 beweglich ist, also nicht auf eine bestimmte Position beschränkt ist, bietet es sich an, daß das Federelement 19 auf eine sich etwa über den Umstellweg U der Herzstückspitze 5, vorzugsweise etwa über die gesamte Breite des Futterstücks 16 erstreckende Druckplatte 24 wirkt, die auf dem äußeren Ende 18 der Herzstückspitze 5 aufliegt. Es versteht sich, daß selbstverständlich auch mehrere, vorzugsweise über die Breite des Futterstücks verteilte Federelemente 19 vorgesehen sein können, die auf die Druckplatte 24 wirken. Die Druckplatte 24, die auch als Gleitplatte bezeichnet werden könnte, besteht aus einem Material mit guten Dämpfungseigenschaften und geringem Reibbeiwert. Als Material eignet sich besonders gut Kunststoff.Since the centerpiece tip 5 is movable, that is to say is not limited to a specific position, it is appropriate for the spring element 19 to act on a pressure plate 24 which extends approximately over the changeover path U of the centerpiece tip 5, preferably approximately over the entire width of the chuck 16 , which rests on the outer end 18 of the frog tip 5. It goes without saying that a plurality of spring elements 19, which act on the pressure plate 24 and are preferably distributed over the width of the lining piece, can of course also be provided. The pressure plate 24, which could also be called a sliding plate, consists of a material with good damping properties and a low coefficient of friction. Plastic is particularly suitable as a material.

Im normalen Betriebszustand liegt das vordere Ende 17 des Futterstücks 16 mit der Druckplatte 24 spielfrei auf dem äußeren Ende 18 der Herzstückspitze 5 auf. Das Federelement ist vorzugsweise derart eingestellt, daß in diesem Zustand keine oder nur sehr geringe Kräfte auf die Herzstückspitze 5 wirken, so daß ein leichtes Umstellen der Herzstückspitze 5 möglich ist. Weiterhin ist das Federelement derart eingestellt und ausgebildet, daß die Federkraft schlagartig zunimmt, sobald sich die Herzstückspitze 5 relativ zu den Flügelschienen 2, 3 und damit zum Futterstück 16 nach oben bewegt. Auf diese Weise werden auftretende Schwingungen über das wenigstens eine Federelement 19 wirksam abgedämpft.In the normal operating state, the front end 17 of the chuck 16 with the pressure plate 24 rests on the outer end 18 of the frog tip 5 without play. The spring element is preferably set such that no or only very slight forces act on the frog tip 5 in this state, so that the frog tip 5 can be easily changed over. Furthermore, the spring element is set and designed such that the spring force increases suddenly as soon as the frog tip 5 moves upwards relative to the wing rails 2, 3 and thus to the chuck 16. In this way, vibrations that occur are effectively damped by the at least one spring element 19.

Die erfindungsgemäße Niederhaltung erfolgt nun wie folgt:The hold-down according to the invention now takes place as follows:

In Ruhestellung, also bei niedergehaltener Herzstückspitze 5, wird von der erfindungsgemäßen Niederhalteeinrichtung 6 eine magnetische Kraft erzeugt, die die Herzstückspitze 5 niederhält. Die Herzstückspitze 5 wird dabei mit ausreichender Kraft auf die Gleitplatte 4 gezogen. Zum Umstellen der Herzstückspitze 5 wird vor Beginn des Umstellvorganges die Niederhaltung gelöst, d. h. bei Verwendung eines Permanentmagneten wird dieser elektrisch deaktiviert bzw. eine bei Verwendung eines Elektromagneten wird seine Energiezufuhr unterbrochen. In diesem Moment auftretende Schwingungen werden dann ausschließlich von dem wenigstens einen Federelement 19 des Futterstücks 16 aufgenommen, während in Ruhestellung der Herzstückspitze 5 auftretende Schwingungen schon von der von dem wenigstens einen Magneten erzeugten magnetischen Kraft im wesentlichen abgedämpft werden. Nachdem die Umstellung der Herzstückspitze 5 erfolgt ist, wird der Magnet wieder aktiviert, so daß die Herzstückspitze 5 erneut gegen die Gleitplatte 4 gezogen wird.In the rest position, that is to say with the frog tip 5 held down, the holding-down device 6 according to the invention generates a magnetic force which holds the frog tip 5 down. The centerpiece tip 5 is pulled onto the sliding plate 4 with sufficient force. To change over the frog tip 5, the hold-down is released before the changeover process begins, ie when a permanent magnet is used, it is electrically deactivated or when an electromagnet is used, its energy supply is interrupted. Vibrations occurring at this moment are then absorbed exclusively by the at least one spring element 19 of the chuck 16, while in the rest position of the frog tip 5, vibrations occurring by the at least one Magnetic generated magnetic force can be substantially damped. After the changeover of the frog tip 5 has taken place, the magnet is activated again, so that the frog tip 5 is pulled again against the sliding plate 4.

Claims (12)

  1. A method of holding down a movable crossing nose (5) of a crossing (1) of railway points, wherein in the inoperative position the crossing nose (5) is held down and the holding-down effect is released before the start of a switching operation in order to switch the crossing nose (5), characterised in that the crossing nose (5) is held down magnetically.
  2. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that the crossing nose (5) is held down by means of a permanent magnet or an electromagnet.
  3. A holding-down device (6) for holding down a movable crossing nose (5) of a crossing (1) of railway points, particularly for carrying out the method according to claims 1 or 2, characterised by at least one magnet for the holding-down effect.
  4. A holding-down device according to claim 3, characterised in that the magnet is constructed as a permanent magnet or as an electromagnet.
  5. A holding-down device according to claim 4, characterised in that a coil is associated with the permanent magnet, which coil produces a force when it is activated which acts in opposition to the magnetic force of the permanent magnet.
  6. A crossing (1) having wing rails (2, 3), having at least one slide plate (4) disposed underneath the wing rails (2, 3), having a crossing nose (5) which is movable between two positions between the wing rails (2, 3), and having a holding-down device (6) according to any one of the preceding claims disposed underneath the crossing nose (5).
  7. A crossing (1) according to claim 6, characterised in that the slide plate (4) is removed in the region of the holding-down device (6) and that when the holding-down effect is released the magnet and the crossing nose (5) are at a short distance, preferably less than 1 mm, from each other.
  8. A crossing according to any one ofthe preceding claims, characterised in that the holding-down device (6) is supported on the slide plate (4) and/or on the wing rails (2, 3).
  9. A crossing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the width (B) of the magnet is greater than the width of the crossing nose (5).
  10. A crossing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the magnet extends over the length of the switching distance (U) of the crossing nose (5).
  11. A crossing according to any one ofthe preceding claims, characterised in that two magnets are provided, which are disposed side by side over the switching distance and which are triggered depending on the position of the crossing nose.
  12. Railway points having a crossing according to any one of the preceding claims.
EP95903780A 1993-12-01 1994-11-30 Method for holding down a swing nose of a crossing of a railway switch as well as a hold-down device Expired - Lifetime EP0731861B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4340860 1993-12-01
DE19934340860 DE4340860C2 (en) 1993-12-01 1993-12-01 Lining piece for arrangement between wing rails of a turnout and turnout
DE4400424 1994-01-08
DE4400424 1994-01-08
PCT/EP1994/003965 WO1995015415A1 (en) 1993-12-01 1994-11-30 Method for holding down a swing nose of a crossing of a railway switch as well as a hold-down device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0731861A1 EP0731861A1 (en) 1996-09-18
EP0731861B1 true EP0731861B1 (en) 1997-09-03

Family

ID=25931664

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95903780A Expired - Lifetime EP0731861B1 (en) 1993-12-01 1994-11-30 Method for holding down a swing nose of a crossing of a railway switch as well as a hold-down device

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0731861B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE157719T1 (en)
DE (1) DE59403992D1 (en)
WO (1) WO1995015415A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE49347C (en) * F. J. HOYT in Chicago, 237 La Salle-Str., Illinois, V. St. A Turnout system with a movable frog
FR357175A (en) * 1905-08-24 1905-12-20 Etablissements Elwell Soc D Articulated heart point for railways
FR2256988B2 (en) * 1974-01-03 1978-05-26 Paris & Outreau Acieries
AU552880B2 (en) * 1984-08-23 1986-06-26 Julia Eva Osredecki Railway line switching frog
DE4142276A1 (en) * 1991-12-20 1993-07-01 Butzbacher Weichenbau Gmbh UNDERLAY FOR A MOVABLE TOP SECTION

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1995015415A1 (en) 1995-06-08
DE59403992D1 (en) 1997-10-09
ATE157719T1 (en) 1997-09-15
EP0731861A1 (en) 1996-09-18

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