EP0724677A1 - Maison d'habitation et cellule prefabriquee utilisable preferentiellement lors de la construction de cette maison - Google Patents
Maison d'habitation et cellule prefabriquee utilisable preferentiellement lors de la construction de cette maisonInfo
- Publication number
- EP0724677A1 EP0724677A1 EP94928509A EP94928509A EP0724677A1 EP 0724677 A1 EP0724677 A1 EP 0724677A1 EP 94928509 A EP94928509 A EP 94928509A EP 94928509 A EP94928509 A EP 94928509A EP 0724677 A1 EP0724677 A1 EP 0724677A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- room
- house
- cell
- living
- cells
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
- E04B1/34869—Elements for special technical purposes, e.g. with a sanitary equipment
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
- E04H1/02—Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for creating a house according to the preamble of claim 1, a house according to the preamble of claim 7 and a room cell according to the preamble of claim 12.
- a multi-storey house with a living space part and a prefabricated room cell is known as a wet room.
- the well-known room cell forms the core of the house to be built.
- the rooms of the house are then created around them, with the walls of the room cell simultaneously forming a wall of the adjacent living room.
- the central room cell also serves as a supporting element for parts of the house to be built.
- the known room cell can also be designed in such a way that the installation lines laid in it also have connection elements on the outside of the cell walls, so that installation devices such as kitchen appliances (stove, dishwasher or washing machine, refrigerator and the like) can also be found on these outside sides .) to be able to connect.
- a disadvantage of the known residential building is that the floor plan is already determined by the spatial cell, which often leads to an unsatisfactory, unfavorable floor plan organization. This is reinforced by the fact that the static design of the rest of the house is geared towards the permanently installed cell.
- German laid-open specification DE-A 32 01 672 describes an interim building which can be dismantled and is removable and has an inherently rigid room cell which can be attached to it.
- the room cell contains a wet cell with a stove / sink combination. Since the interim building is designed to be inherently rigid, the extension cell was also designed to be inherently rigid so that it can be transported separately. The connection between the interim building and the extension cell is made via rigid flange frames, so that no special support for the extension cell is necessary. Another interim construction is described in DE-A 31 49 439.
- US-A 3,882,649 describes a modular system for creating residential buildings, in which only three different units, namely a room unit, a beam element and a floor element can be used.
- the spatial units represent the load-bearing elements between the individual floors. Since they are fully integrated into the interior of the residential building, they are not to be regarded as independent units and cannot be arranged on the outside of a residential building, which precludes interchangeability.
- CH-A 554 476 A room cell to be designed as a sanitary cell for installation in a living space is described in CH-A 554 476. Further space cells are known from FR-A 2 286 923, US-A 4,457,116, CH-A 503 855, CH-A 505 264, CH-A 560 815, DE-A 25 20 682 and DE- A 40 06 605 known.
- the room cell described in FR-A 2 286 923 has the entire living space infrastructure, can be moved on rollers, is transported to the construction site as a compact, stable structure and is then integrated into the building to be erected.
- a disadvantage of this room cell is the arrangement of the kitchen furniture and appliances on the outside of the room cell, which must then be covered to protect it from damage for the transport of the room cell to the construction site.
- a prefabricated room cell equipped with a residential infrastructure is understood to mean a room which contains the necessary heating, sanitary, electrical and kitchen installations as well as ventilation systems for the operation of an apartment, all units being installed far from the construction site and be made ready for operation.
- This room cell is only installed on the construction site and connected to the electrical connections in the floor as well as the fresh water supply and waste water outflow.
- installations and devices are understood to mean, in a simplified manner, everything that somehow depends on a cable that transmits electrical vibrations and pulses. These include, in particular, telephones, faxes, data transmission devices (modem routes, mailbox, ...), TV cables and antenna lines, etc.
- the object of the invention is to demonstrate a method for creating an inexpensive multi-storey house and to create an inexpensive, multi-storey house whose living infrastructure can be adapted to the latest developments in a simple manner.
- the object is achieved with respect to the method by claim 1, to the house by claim 7 and to the room cell for preferred use in the construction of the house by claim 12.
- an aesthetically fitting construction can be chosen and on the other hand existing building material can be used on the spot. Due to the space cell containing the residential infrastructure, which is to be attached ("to be docked") to the already created "skeleton of the house” and which is manufactured separately from the living space parts, it can be cost-effective on the one hand and high quality requirements on the other hand in a factory hall in which all technical conditions, such as measuring instruments, assembly tools, etc. are available until they are functional.
- the preferred division of living space which corresponds to the wishes of the future resident, and the installation of partition walls only after completion of the "skeleton of the house" with a docked room cell, allows an optimal, individual living space design to be achieved. These partitions can also be made without too much Remove or move the effort later.
- the heating, sanitary, electrical and kitchen installations as well as ventilation systems arranged in the room cells are subject to a certain amount of wear on the one hand and a fashionable change on the other, so that an exchange after ten to twenty years should be indicated. Since the room cell or the room sub-cells as a whole can be replaced, replacement by replacement means no problem, especially since the new room cell is fully assembled and functionally delivered and the old one can be removed.
- the room cell can also be made of two storeys. This results on the one hand in a lighter sub-cell, which is easier to transport with vehicles, and on the other hand it can be subdivided into a kitchen and a sanitary area. This subdivision results in a greater "work volume" and greater living comfort for the user of the living space.
- FIG. 1 is a rear view of a house according to the invention
- Fig. 2 is a side view of the house shown in Figure 1
- FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section through the residential building along the lines III-III in FIGS. 4 and 5,
- FIG. 5 shows a floor plan of the upper floor of the apartment building shown in FIG. 1,
- FIG. 6 shows a perspective illustration of a cut-open room cell of the Dwelling house
- Fig. 7 shows the object shown in Figure 6, but without covers.
- the two-storey dwelling house 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 has two living room parts 3 and 4 lying one on top of the other and two inherently stiff room part cells 5 and 6 arranged one above the other. These two Jardinteil ⁇ cells 5 and 6 are divided again.
- the room part cell 5 "docked" on the ground floor, shown in plan in FIG. 4 has a kitchen area 10 with the necessary facilities, which is separate from the toilet area 9.
- the toilet and kitchen areas 9 and 10 are separated from each other by a light wall 11.
- the toilet area has a shower corner 13, a toilet bowl 15b with a cistern 15b and a washbasin 17a with a toilet cabinet 17b.
- the kitchen area 10 has a sink 19, a dishwasher 20, a refrigerator 21, above which a microwave oven (not shown) is arranged, and a cooker 23 with an oven, above which a steam extractor (not shown) is installed.
- WC 9 and kitchen 10 are each connected to the living room part 3 by an opening 26a and 26b, which can remain open in the kitchen 10 or can be closed by a door, or can be closed by a swing door 28 in the WC 9 - the.
- the living room part 3 is connected to the living room part 4 via a staircase 25.
- the living room parts 3 and 4 have no partitions; these are set up only after the room cell consisting of the room sub-cells 5 and 6 has been attached.
- only the floor subdivisions - ceiling 27a and floor 27b - are available as well as the support parts 29, which are only necessary for the statics of the house construction, the foundation 31, the roof 33 and the water, sewage and electrical connections (not shown) below the docking or docking room cell outside the living room parts 3 and 4.
- the house and the room cell foundation are moved together against horizontal and vertical against each other created securely.
- the room part cell 6 "docked" on the living room part 4 of the upper floor, shown in plan in FIG. 5, has a heating and washing room area 35a and a bathroom 35b separated from it by a light wall 37.
- a heating system 39 In the heating and washroom area 35a there is a heating system 39 and a washing machine 40.
- the bathroom 35b is connected to the living room part 4 via an opening 46b which can be closed with a pivoting door 46a, and the heating and washing room 35a is connected to the bathroom 35b via an opening 47b which can be closed with a further pivoting door 47a.
- the room sub-cells 5 and 6 have identical base areas so that they can be placed one above the other in the assembly described below. However, as shown in FIGS. 1, 4 and 5, they can be designed differently both internally and externally. Compared to the room sub-cell 5, the room sub-cell 6 has two round outer windows 49a and 49b, while the room sub-cell 6 has three outer windows 50a to 50c. However, as can be seen in FIG. 1, the outer facade of the room sub-cells 5 and 6 is divided into facade sub-units 51a to 51f and 52a to 52f, the facade sub-units 51b, 51e, 52b, 52d and 52e the external windows 49a, 49b, 50a, 50b and 50c exhibit.
- the facade sub-units 51a, 51c, 51d and 51f are designed analogously to the facade sub-units 52a, 52c and 52f as well as the facade sub-units 51b and 51e to the facade sub-units 52b, 52d and 52e up to the height.
- a different height of the surface len 5 and 6 was chosen in order to achieve the lowest possible construction height of the residential building 1. If this requirement is not met, the heights are of course chosen to be the same, in order to enable inexpensive production of the room part cells. The uniformity of these subunits results in a reduction in production costs.
- an access shaft 53a with a central distribution box. From here, the distribution to the points of use of electricity, heating, telephone, telecommunications, television receiver, radio, computer, etc. is carried out.
- This access shaft 53a is continued in a further access shaft 53b in the room sub-cell 6 between the heating and washroom area 35a and the bathroom 35b.
- the ventilation of the kitchen area 10 in particular the extractor hood, is carried out via the roof on the room part area 6.
- the assembly of the lines and pipes is also carried out here in the factory.
- two vertical pipes 55a and 55b visible in FIGS. 1, 4 and 5 are arranged as downpipe ventilation for the waste water and for the heating exhaust gases.
- a storage room or storage space 56a and 56b in which material that is not required daily, such as suitcases, boxes, skis, summer sports articles, etc., can be stored.
- These rooms 56a and 56b are particularly advantageous if the residential building 1, as shown in FIG. 3, has been built without a basement for reasons of cost savings or as a result of terrain.
- the division of the converted volume on the ground and upper floors 3 and 4 is after docking the room part cells 5 and 6 made according to the wishes of the living space user by means of partition walls, not shown. After the division of space, starting from the room sub-cells 5 and 6, the lines (not shown) for the electric current to the individual living rooms and the lines (not shown) for the heating elements are laid.
- the room sub-cells 5 and 6 do not have to be arranged such that the kitchen area 10 and the toilet 9 are on the ground floor 3, and the heating and washing room 35a and the bathroom 35b are on the upper floor 4.
- the kitchen 10 should preferably be arranged on the ground floor 3 so that goods to be processed in the kitchen 10 do not have to be dragged up the stairs 25.
- Heating and washing room 35a are preferably merged so that the waste heat released by the heating system 39 can be used for drying laundry.
- bedrooms are preferably arranged on the upper floors.
- the main part of the laundry also accumulates on the upper floor 4, which can then preferably be washed in the wash room 35a located on the same floor. It is preferable to arrange bathroom 35b on the same floor as the bedroom.
- the construction of the residential house 1 according to the invention is carried out at the residential building location in a manner customary for the area. That is, it can be a wooden, a brick, a field stone, a half-timbered house, etc. However, it will only the outer shell of house 1 with foundation 31, roof 33 and the necessary supply connections, such as. B. Ab ⁇ , drinking water, electricity, oil or gas, telephone, etc. and the stairs 25 between floors 3 and 4 created.
- the room cells prefabricated, completely equipped with devices and installed with connecting lines become two stackable room part cells 5 and 6 delivered with a low loader.
- the room part cell 5 is then placed on prepared foundations 31 on the outside 57 of the living room parts 3 and 4 in such a way that it bears against the outside wall 57 thereof.
- the external supply connections are connected to those present in the room subcell 5.
- the room subcell 6 is placed on the room subcell 5 with a construction crane and the supply lines are also connected here.
- the living room parts 3 and 4 as well as the room part cells 5 and 6 can now be clad with a uniform plaster, with a wooden panel, etc.
- the subdivision of the living space parts 3 and 4 by partition walls is only carried out after the space cells 5 and 6 have been docked.
- the room sub-cells 5 and 6 can also be arranged next to one another on the outer wall of the building, but the advantages listed above result from arranging one above the other.
- the heating system 39 in the heating and washroom area 35a can now, as described above, be connected to an external, possibly central oil or gas tank via lines for the energy supply.
- a tank can also be located directly in the heating and washroom area 35a the necessary safety devices are arranged. Since an empty tank has only a relatively low weight, the factory weight of the tank increases the transport weight of the space cell 6 only insignificantly.
- the room sub-cell 5 or 6 is preferably attached to residential buildings 1. But you can also as a separate, stand-alone unit z. B. at campsites, temporary shelters, etc.
- the room sub-cell 5 or 6 is constructed in such a modular manner that it can be assembled from various assemblies, which in turn are prefabricated separately, in an inexpensive manner. These prefabricated and already pre-tested assemblies are then assembled in final assembly to room cells 5 and 6.
- Each module has a defined interface.
- the assemblies can now be changed and optimized at any time in terms of production technology and design, without the entire cell 5 or 6 having to be revised. Since the assemblies are manageable, relatively simple systems, rationalization is easy to achieve.
- Room cells 5 and 6 consist of the four main components:
- Built-in furniture was generally built on a known floor base with an empty cavity.
- the base was used to raise the furniture in such a way that its furniture door could be opened properly and when cleaning the floor the lower area of the door was not contaminated and was not damaged. Dusting should also be avoided.
- the room cells 5 and 6 also have a floor base 61, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 using the example of the toilet , s 43a and 43b.
- the depth of the floor base 61 is, apart from an "aesthetic" tolerance, less than the depth of the built-in furniture of about 30 cm (European standard size for built-in furniture).
- the height is chosen so large that the lines required for the devices, here the fresh water supply line 62a and the waste water line 62b, can be laid and is also approximately 30 cm. By choosing these dimensions, a continuous front can be formed between the devices and the built-in furniture, which is aesthetically appealing and can also be easily cleaned.
- the base base 61 has a base frame 63 which has a top frame 65 in the areas in which devices are arranged, such as the toilet 43a in FIGS. 6 and 7.
- the prefabricated base or top frames 63 and 65 are placed for assembly in the room cells 5 and 6 and then fastened to the floor 67 and the walls 69a and 69b, usually screwed or welded.
- the devices, here the toilet bowl 43a, are then hung on the top frame 65. Soc ⁇ kel and stack frames 63 and 65 thus take on an additional supporting function.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Residential Or Office Buildings (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
- Sink And Installation For Waste Water (AREA)
Abstract
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE9316197U | 1993-10-22 | ||
DE9316197U DE9316197U1 (de) | 1993-10-22 | 1993-10-22 | Wohnhaus |
PCT/IB1994/000324 WO1995011356A1 (fr) | 1993-10-22 | 1994-10-20 | Maison d'habitation et cellule prefabriquee utilisable preferentiellement lors de la construction de cette maison |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0724677A1 true EP0724677A1 (fr) | 1996-08-07 |
EP0724677B1 EP0724677B1 (fr) | 1998-12-09 |
Family
ID=6899792
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94928509A Expired - Lifetime EP0724677B1 (fr) | 1993-10-22 | 1994-10-20 | Maison à plusieurs étages d'habitation et procédé pour la construire |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0724677B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1136834A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU7791894A (fr) |
CZ (1) | CZ108796A3 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE9316197U1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2127415T3 (fr) |
HU (1) | HU217249B (fr) |
PL (1) | PL175986B1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2121032C1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1995011356A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4425324A1 (de) * | 1994-07-18 | 1996-02-01 | Remus Dipl Ing Jordan | Einfamilienhaus in modularer Bauweise |
DE19602869A1 (de) * | 1996-01-27 | 1997-08-07 | Siegfried Von Dipl Hopffgarten | Baugruppe für ein Gebäude |
DE19644299A1 (de) * | 1996-10-24 | 1998-04-30 | D D C Planungs Entwicklungs Un | Energiezentrum, auch autark, mit verschiedenen Energieerzeugungs-, -umwandlungs -sammel-, -träger- und -speicherarten in einer Baueinheit |
DE102009023149B3 (de) * | 2009-05-28 | 2010-12-30 | Lisbeth Fischbacher | Außenwandsystem |
GB2570480B (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2022-08-03 | Gilham Christian | Prefabricated structure, building and method |
GB2606762B (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2024-08-21 | Sano Development Ltd | Modular building, kit and method |
WO2022243695A2 (fr) | 2021-05-20 | 2022-11-24 | Sano Development Limited | Système de bâtiment hybride, bâtiment et procédé |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2286923A1 (fr) * | 1974-10-03 | 1976-04-30 | Camusot Gerard | Cellule technique prefabriquee pour habitation |
FR2478170A1 (fr) * | 1980-03-13 | 1981-09-18 | Hamel Jacques | Procedes de construction de maisons equipees de capteurs solaires |
DD203590A1 (de) * | 1981-10-28 | 1983-10-26 | Bauakademie Ddr | Ergaenzungsbauwerk |
GB9002731D0 (en) * | 1990-02-07 | 1990-04-04 | Ergonomic Design Partnership T | Modular buildings |
-
1993
- 1993-10-22 DE DE9316197U patent/DE9316197U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-10-20 HU HU9601020A patent/HU217249B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-10-20 CN CN94194380A patent/CN1136834A/zh active Pending
- 1994-10-20 CZ CZ961087A patent/CZ108796A3/cs unknown
- 1994-10-20 RU RU96110189A patent/RU2121032C1/ru active
- 1994-10-20 AU AU77918/94A patent/AU7791894A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-10-20 ES ES94928509T patent/ES2127415T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-10-20 EP EP94928509A patent/EP0724677B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-10-20 PL PL94313976A patent/PL175986B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-10-20 WO PCT/IB1994/000324 patent/WO1995011356A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-10-20 DE DE59407462T patent/DE59407462D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9511356A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1136834A (zh) | 1996-11-27 |
HUT76591A (en) | 1997-09-29 |
PL313976A1 (en) | 1996-08-05 |
PL175986B1 (pl) | 1999-03-31 |
CZ108796A3 (en) | 1996-10-16 |
ES2127415T3 (es) | 1999-04-16 |
HU217249B (hu) | 1999-12-28 |
DE59407462D1 (de) | 1999-01-21 |
RU2121032C1 (ru) | 1998-10-27 |
DE9316197U1 (de) | 1994-02-24 |
AU7791894A (en) | 1995-05-08 |
EP0724677B1 (fr) | 1998-12-09 |
WO1995011356A1 (fr) | 1995-04-27 |
HU9601020D0 (en) | 1996-06-28 |
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