EP0724121B1 - Furnace - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0724121B1
EP0724121B1 EP96100669A EP96100669A EP0724121B1 EP 0724121 B1 EP0724121 B1 EP 0724121B1 EP 96100669 A EP96100669 A EP 96100669A EP 96100669 A EP96100669 A EP 96100669A EP 0724121 B1 EP0724121 B1 EP 0724121B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
section
water
sections
cast
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP96100669A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0724121A1 (en
Inventor
Hans Dr. Viessmann
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/30—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle being built up from sections
    • F24H1/32—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle being built up from sections with vertical sections arranged side by side

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a boiler in link construction Burn liquid or gaseous fuels consisting of a horizontally oriented combustion chamber with adjoining vertically oriented secondary heating surfaces, whereby the links are individually connected to flow and return collectors and the links forming the secondary heating surfaces made of cast aluminum with a cast water system are.
  • Such boilers are known, for example, from DE-A-43 02 479 namely there as part of a special embodiment, the such a special assignment of the combustion chamber and secondary heating surfaces shows.
  • all individual links are parallel arranged side by side to the combustion chamber longitudinal axis, i.e., such Single links are only suitable for this special construction and can not be used for a construction at the links are arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis of the combustion chamber, which is also known from DE-A-43 02 479.
  • the shape of the links in boilers with horizontal oriented combustion chamber and vertically oriented secondary heating surfaces or hot gas trains are feasible, but relative inconvenient and complex and thus the water flow within the limbs.
  • the invention is based, while maintaining the task Advantages of boilers of the type mentioned in this regard to improve and shape the limbs of design measures untouched for the formation of the combustion chamber remain and form a link like the others Links regarding their water supply also, separately to the fore and aft Return collector can be connected.
  • connection of the combustion chamber there is another advantageous embodiment in that the combustion chamber side
  • the shape of the link on the gas side corresponds to that of the subsequent links, but on the combustion chamber side of increases in heat transfer area kept clear and provided with combustion chamber connection surfaces is.
  • the link furthest from the combustion chamber i.e. the end link must of course as in the boiler according to DE-A-43 02 479 a closed Form wall that also in the area of the hot gas flue with heat transfer area enlargements like the other links is also provided.
  • the boiler design according to the invention an extremely clear and easy to put together Modular system, in which you can also in the The combustion chamber length easily to the respective one to adapt combustion-technical requirements or if necessary easy to exchange.
  • the boiler according to the invention is based on the graphic representation of an embodiment explained in more detail.
  • the sectional boiler consists in a known manner of a horizontally oriented combustion chamber 1 with adjoining, vertically oriented secondary heating surfaces 2, the links G being connected individually to flow and return manifolds 3, 4 and the secondary heating elements 2 forming members G 1 made of light metal casting are formed with a cast water system WS.
  • the water supply system WS made of steel pipes requires no further explanation, which is also known for its integration in cast aluminum members.
  • the Combustion chamber 1 forming member G in the form of a housing Sheet steel with a water-bearing and connected to the collector 3, 4 Double jacket 6 formed and on the combustion chamber side Link 7 is flanged, the and its transverse to the longitudinal axis of the combustion chamber 8 arranged followers 9 except for the end link 10 an essentially corresponding to the combustion chamber cross section Q.
  • the combustion chamber 1 whose water-cooled wall covers this, one or multi-part shell and in thermal contact with this 13 made of light metal.
  • the shell 13 uses an Al cylinder with a wall thickness of only 2 mm, for example for example by pre-cooling something in relation to its nominal size, with the this was shrunk, inserted into the combustion chamber and is heat-conducting to the wall 12 when heated of the combustion chamber.
  • an Al cylinder is on the one hand corrosion protection on the gas side
  • no boiler water gets to the Al cylinder, since the steel wall is in between , i.e. there are the same advantages for the combustion chamber before, as on the links G by the cast in there Water pipe system made of steel pipes.
  • the combustion chamber-side link 7 corresponds in shape to the gas side the followers 9, but is on the combustion chamber side of heat transfer area enlargements kept clear and with combustion chamber connection surfaces 15 provided.
  • connection flanges 18 are cast on to all links G 1 . Except for the connections 19 to the collectors 3, 4, the entire boiler does not require any liquid cable seals, since each link G, including the combustion chamber, forms a self-contained water supply unit.
  • the water pipe systems WS for the individual members G 1 are advantageously and preferably formed according to FIG. 3 from molded, thin sheet steel shells 24, into which, as shown, the front and return-side steel tubes 25 are integrated or welded. It is also possible, however, to form the strand 26 comprising the opening 11 'entirely from tubular steel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The component (G) forming the horizontal combustion chamber (1) is in the form of a steel plate housing with a water-conducting double casing (6) attached to front and back collectors (3,4). The combustion chamber is flange-mounted to the component (7) on the combustion chamber side. The combustion chamber side component, together with its successive components (9) positioned laterally to the longitudinal axis (8) of the combustion chamber, have an opening (11) matching the cross-section (Q) of the combustion chamber as far as the end component (10). The water-cooled wall of the combustion chamber has a light metal casing (13) in one or more pieces and covering the wall with which it is in thermal contact.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Heizkessel in Gliederbauweise zum Verbrennen flüssiger oder gasförmiger Brennstoffe, bestehend aus einer horizontal orientierten Brennkammer mit sich daran anschließenden, vertikal orientierten Nachschaltheizflächen, wobei die Glieder jeweils einzeln an Vor- und Rücklaufsammler angeschlossen und die die Nachschaltheizflächen bildenden Glieder aus Leichtmetallguß mit eingegossenem Wasserführungssystem gebildet sind.The invention relates to a boiler in link construction Burn liquid or gaseous fuels consisting of a horizontally oriented combustion chamber with adjoining vertically oriented secondary heating surfaces, whereby the links are individually connected to flow and return collectors and the links forming the secondary heating surfaces made of cast aluminum with a cast water system are.

Derartige Heizkessel sind bspw. nach der DE-A-43 02 479 bekannt und zwar dort im Rahmen einer besonderen Ausführungsform, die eine solche spezielle Zuordnung von Brennkammer und Nachschaltheizflächen zeigt. Hierbei sind aber alle Einzelglieder parallel zur Brennkammerlängsachse nebeneinander angeordnet, d.h., derartige Einzelglieder sind nur für diese spezielle Bauweise geeignet und können nicht für eine Bauweise verwendet werden, bei der die Glieder quer zur Brennkammerlängsachse angeordnet sind, was ebenfalls nach der DE-A-43 02 479 bekannt ist. Abgesehen davon ist die Formgebung der Glieder bei Kesseln mit horizontal orientierter Brennkammer und vertikal orientierten Nachschaltheizflächen bzw. Heizgaszügen zwar machbar, aber doch relativ ungünstig und aufwendig und damit auch die Wasserführung innerhalb der Glieder.Such boilers are known, for example, from DE-A-43 02 479 namely there as part of a special embodiment, the such a special assignment of the combustion chamber and secondary heating surfaces shows. Here, however, all individual links are parallel arranged side by side to the combustion chamber longitudinal axis, i.e., such Single links are only suitable for this special construction and can not be used for a construction at the links are arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis of the combustion chamber, which is also known from DE-A-43 02 479. Apart from this is the shape of the links in boilers with horizontal oriented combustion chamber and vertically oriented secondary heating surfaces or hot gas trains are feasible, but relative inconvenient and complex and thus the water flow within the limbs.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, unter Beibehaltung der Vorteile von Heizkesseln der eingangs genannten Art diese dahingehend zu verbessern und zu gestalten, daß die Glieder von Gestaltungsmaßnahmen zur Ausbildung der Brennkammer unberührt bleiben und diese, selbst ein Bauglied bildend, wie die anderen Glieder bzgl. ihrer Wasserführung auch, separat an die Vor- und Rücklaufsammler anschließbar ist.The invention is based, while maintaining the task Advantages of boilers of the type mentioned in this regard to improve and shape the limbs of design measures untouched for the formation of the combustion chamber remain and form a link like the others Links regarding their water supply also, separately to the fore and aft Return collector can be connected.

Diese Aufgabe ist mit einem Heizkessel der gattungsgemäßen Art nach der Erfindung durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. This task is with one Boiler of the generic type according to the invention the features of claim 1 solved.

Im Bereich der aus Leichtmetall, d.h. vorzugsweise Aluminium oder Aluminiumlegierung, gebildeten Einzelglieder ist durch das mit eingegossene Wasserführungssystem in diesem Teil des Heizkessels dafür gesorgt, daß die Aluminiumheizflächen nicht mit dem Kesselwasser in Berührung kommen können, also nicht dessen basischer Wirkung ausgesetzt sind, die zur Korrosion des Aluminiums führen würde. Um diesen Vorteil auch beim erfindungsgemäßen Heizkessel konsequent auszunutzen, besteht eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung darin, daß in der Brennkammer an deren wassergekühlten Wand eine diese abdeckende, ein- oder mehrteilige und mit dieser in Wärmeleitkontakt stehende Schale aus Leichtmetall angeordnet ist.In the area of light metal, i.e. preferably aluminum or aluminum alloy, single links formed by that with cast water system in this part of the boiler made sure that the aluminum heating surfaces not with can come into contact with the boiler water, not the water are exposed to alkaline effects, which lead to corrosion of the aluminum would lead. To this advantage also in the invention Consistent use of the boiler is an advantageous one Design in that in the combustion chamber at its water-cooled Wall covering this, one or more parts and with this shell made of light metal in thermal contact is arranged.

Mit Rücksicht auf den Anschluß der Brennkammer besteht eine weitere, vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung darin, daß das brennkammerseitige Glied in seiner Form gasseitig den Folgegliedern entspricht, aber brennkammerseitig von Wärmeübertragungsflächenvergrößerungen freigehalten und mit Brennkammeranschlußflächen versehen ist.With regard to the connection of the combustion chamber, there is another advantageous embodiment in that the combustion chamber side The shape of the link on the gas side corresponds to that of the subsequent links, but on the combustion chamber side of increases in heat transfer area kept clear and provided with combustion chamber connection surfaces is.

Das brennkammerfernste Glied, d.h., das Endglied muß natürlich, wie beim Heizkessel nach der DE-A-43 02 479 eine geschlossene Wand bilden, die im Bereich des dortigen Heizgaszuges ebenfalls mit Wärmeübertragungsflächenvergrößerungen wie die anderen Glieder auch versehen ist.The link furthest from the combustion chamber, i.e. the end link must of course as in the boiler according to DE-A-43 02 479 a closed Form wall that also in the area of the hot gas flue with heat transfer area enlargements like the other links is also provided.

Abgesehen davon, daß die aus Leichtmetall bestehenden Glieder, da mit Öffnungen entsprechend dem Brennkammerquerschnitt versehen, auch ohne die vorgesetzte Brennkammer für einen nur aus solchen Gliedern bestehenden kleineren Heizkessel verwendet werden können (die Öffnungen bilden aneinandergereiht in diesem Fall die Brennkammer), stellt die erfindungsgemäße Heizkesselgestaltung ein äußerst übersichtlich und einfach zusammenzustellendes Baukastensystem dar, bei dem man es zudem noch in der Hand hat, die Brennkammerlänge problemlos an die jeweilige verbrennungstechnischen Erfordernisse anzupassen oder im Bedarfsfall problemlos auszutauschen.Apart from the fact that the links made of light metal, because it has openings corresponding to the combustion chamber cross-section, even without the front combustion chamber for just one existing smaller boilers such links can be used can (the openings form lined up in this If the combustion chamber), the boiler design according to the invention an extremely clear and easy to put together Modular system, in which you can also in the The combustion chamber length easily to the respective one to adapt combustion-technical requirements or if necessary easy to exchange.

Der erfindungsgemäße Heizkessel wird nachfolgend anhand der zeichnerischen Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert.The boiler according to the invention is based on the graphic representation of an embodiment explained in more detail.

Es zeigt

Fig. 1
einen Längsschnitt durch den Heizkessel;
Fig. 2
einen Querschnitt durch den Heizkessel und
Fig. 3
etwas verkleinert und schematisch in Ansicht das Wasserführungssystem für ein Glied
It shows
Fig. 1
a longitudinal section through the boiler;
Fig. 2
a cross section through the boiler and
Fig. 3
somewhat reduced and schematic view of the water supply system for a link

Der Heizkessel in Gliederbauweise besteht in bekannter weise aus einer horizontal orientierten Brennkammer 1 mit sich daran anschließenden, vertikal orientierten Nachschaltheizflächen 2, wobei die Glieder G jeweils einzeln an Vor- und Rücklaufsammler 3, 4 angeschlossen und die die Nachschaltheizflächen 2 bildenden Glieder G1 aus Leichtmetallguß mit eingegossenem Wasserführungssystem WS gebildet sind. Das Wasserführungssystem WS aus Stahlrohren bedarf keiner näheren Erläuterung, das in seiner Einbindung in Al-Gußglieder ebenfalls bekannt ist.The sectional boiler consists in a known manner of a horizontally oriented combustion chamber 1 with adjoining, vertically oriented secondary heating surfaces 2, the links G being connected individually to flow and return manifolds 3, 4 and the secondary heating elements 2 forming members G 1 made of light metal casting are formed with a cast water system WS. The water supply system WS made of steel pipes requires no further explanation, which is also known for its integration in cast aluminum members.

Für einen solchen Heizkessel ist nun wesentlich, daß das die Brennkammer 1 bildende Glied G in Form eines Gehäuses aus Stahlblech mit einem wasserführenden und an die Sammler 3, 4 angeschlossenen Doppelmantel 6 ausgebildet und am brennkammerseitigen Glied 7 angeflanscht ist, das und dessen quer zur Brennkammerlängsachse 8 angeordneten Folgeglieder 9 bis auf das Endglied 10 eine dem Brennkammerquerschnitt Q im wesentlichen entsprechende Öffnung 11 aufweisen.For such a boiler, it is now essential that the Combustion chamber 1 forming member G in the form of a housing Sheet steel with a water-bearing and connected to the collector 3, 4 Double jacket 6 formed and on the combustion chamber side Link 7 is flanged, the and its transverse to the longitudinal axis of the combustion chamber 8 arranged followers 9 except for the end link 10 an essentially corresponding to the combustion chamber cross section Q. Have opening 11.

Aus dem genannten Grund ist vorteilhaft in der Brennkammer 1 an deren wassergekühlten Wand eine diese abdeckende, ein- oder mehrteilige und mit dieser in Wärmeleitkontakt stehende Schale 13 aus Leichtmetall angeordnet. Vorzugsweise wird für die Schale 13 ein Al-Zylinder mit bspw. nur 2 mm Wandstärke benutzt, der bspw. durch Vorkühlung etwas in bezug auf sein Sollmaß, mit dem dieser hergestellt wurde, geschrumpft in die Brennkammer eingesetzt wird und sich bei Erwärmung wärmeleitend an die Wand 12 der Brennkammer fest anlegt. Durch den Einsatz eines solchen Al-Zylinders ist einerseits der Korrosionssicherheit auf der Gasseite Rechnung getragen, andererseits gelangt kein Kesselwasser an den Al-Zylinder, da die Stahlwand dazwischen angeordnet ist, d.h., es liegen auch für die Brennkammer die gleichen Vorteile vor, wie an den Gliedern G durch das dort eingegossene Wasserführungssystem aus Stahlrohren.For the reason mentioned is advantageous in the combustion chamber 1 whose water-cooled wall covers this, one or multi-part shell and in thermal contact with this 13 made of light metal. Preferably for the shell 13 uses an Al cylinder with a wall thickness of only 2 mm, for example for example by pre-cooling something in relation to its nominal size, with the this was shrunk, inserted into the combustion chamber and is heat-conducting to the wall 12 when heated of the combustion chamber. By using such an Al cylinder is on the one hand corrosion protection on the gas side Taken into account, on the other hand no boiler water gets to the Al cylinder, since the steel wall is in between , i.e. there are the same advantages for the combustion chamber before, as on the links G by the cast in there Water pipe system made of steel pipes.

Das brennkammerseitige Glied 7 entspricht in seiner Form gasseitig den Folgegliedern 9, ist aber brennkammerseitig von Wärmeübertragungsflächenvergrößerungen freigehalten und mit Brennkammeranschlußflächen 15 versehen.The combustion chamber-side link 7 corresponds in shape to the gas side the followers 9, but is on the combustion chamber side of heat transfer area enlargements kept clear and with combustion chamber connection surfaces 15 provided.

An allen Gliedern G1 sind mit Rücksicht auf den Anschluß eines Abgassammelkastens 16 mit Abgasanschluß 17 Anschlußflansche 18 mit angegossen. Außer den Anschlüssen 19 zu den Sammlern 3, 4 bedarf der ganze Heizkessel keiner Flüssigkabdichtungen, da jedes Glied G, also auch die Brennkammer, eine in sich geschlossene Wasserführungseinheit bildet.With regard to the connection of an exhaust gas collection box 16 with exhaust gas connection 17, connection flanges 18 are cast on to all links G 1 . Except for the connections 19 to the collectors 3, 4, the entire boiler does not require any liquid cable seals, since each link G, including the combustion chamber, forms a self-contained water supply unit.

Zum gasdichten Verspannen der Glieder G untereinander dienen mit angegossene Ösen 20 und für das Anflanschen der Brennkammer 1 bzw. des Gehäuses 5 ist dieses mit einem überstehenden Flansch 21 versehen, der bis auf den Rücklaufanschlußbereich 22 ausreichend Platz für Verschraubungen 23 bietet.Serve for gas-tight clamping of the links G with one another molded eyelets 20 and for flanging the combustion chamber 1 or the housing 5, this is with a projecting flange 21 provided, which is sufficient except for the return connection area 22 Offers space for screw connections 23.

Bezüglich der Schale 13 aus Al kann diese auch, wenn dies die Länge der Brennkammer 1 verlangen sollte, aus mehreren kürzeren Zylinderstücken bestehen, wobei allerdings wegen der Korrosionssicherheit für eine Spaltabdichtung gesorgt werden muß, was keiner Erläuterung bedarf, da dafür geeignete Maßnahmen bekannt sind.With regard to the shell 13 made of Al, this can also, if this Length of the combustion chamber 1 should require several shorter ones Cylinder pieces exist, but because of the corrosion resistance for a gap seal must be provided, which no one Explanation is required because suitable measures are known for this are.

Statt der Einbindung eines Wasserführungssystems aus Stahlrohren, dessen Herstellung ziemlich zeit- und damit kostenaufwendig wäre, da nicht ohne weiteres einer Automatisierung zugänglich, werden die Wasserführungssysteme WS für die Einzelglieder G1 vorteilhaft und vorzugsweise gemäß Fig. 3 aus formverpreßten, dünnen Stahlblechschalen 24 gebildet, in die, wie dargestellt, vor- und rücklaufseitige Stahlrohre 25 mit eingebunden bzw. eingeschweißt sind. Dabei ist es aber auch möglich, den die Öffnung 11' umfassenden Strang 26 insgesamt aus Stahlrohr zu bilden.Instead of integrating a water pipe system made of steel pipes, the production of which would be rather time-consuming and therefore costly, since it is not readily accessible to automation, the water pipe systems WS for the individual members G 1 are advantageously and preferably formed according to FIG. 3 from molded, thin sheet steel shells 24, into which, as shown, the front and return-side steel tubes 25 are integrated or welded. It is also possible, however, to form the strand 26 comprising the opening 11 'entirely from tubular steel.

Claims (4)

  1. A boiler of a section-type design for the combustion of liquid or gaseous fuel, comprising a horizontally oriented combustion chamber (1) having coupled thereto vertically oriented follow-up heating faces (2), with the sections (G) being respectively connected, individually, to forward and return flow collecting units (3,4) and the sections (G1) forming the follow-up heating faces (2) being formed of cast light metal having cast therein the water-carrying system (WS), wherein the section (G) forming the combustion chamber (1) is in the form of a housing of steel plate having a water-carrying dual jacket (6) connected to the collecting units (3,4), and is flanged to the section (7) provided on the side of the combustion chamber, with the said section as well as the subsequent sections (9) arranged in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis (8) of the combustion chamber (except for the final section (10)) being provided with an opening (11) substantially conforming to the cross-section (Q) of the combustion chamber.
  2. A boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that arranged in the combustion chamber (1), on the water-cooled wall thereof, is a cup (13) of light metal formed of one or more parts , which covers the said wall and is in heat-conducting contact therewith.
  3. A boiler according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the shaping of section (7) arranged on the side of the combustion chamber, conforms, on the gas discharge side, to the shaping of the subsequent sections (9), but on its outer face, on the side of the combustion chamber, is clear of expansions of heat transfer faces and is provided with combustion chamber connecting faces (15).
  4. A boiler according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the water-carrying system (WS) cast in sections (G1) is formed of compression-molded, thin steel plate cups (24) automatically welded circumferentially, into which are incorporated steel tubes (25) on the sides of the forward and return flows.
EP96100669A 1995-01-30 1996-01-18 Furnace Expired - Lifetime EP0724121B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19502765A DE19502765C2 (en) 1995-01-30 1995-01-30 Sectional boiler
DE19502765 1995-01-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0724121A1 EP0724121A1 (en) 1996-07-31
EP0724121B1 true EP0724121B1 (en) 1999-04-07

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ID=7752599

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EP96100669A Expired - Lifetime EP0724121B1 (en) 1995-01-30 1996-01-18 Furnace

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EP (1) EP0724121B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE178706T1 (en)
DE (2) DE19502765C2 (en)
ES (1) ES2130701T3 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2791128A1 (en) * 1999-03-19 2000-09-22 Dietrich Thermique HEAT EXCHANGER ELEMENT WITH TAPS FOR A SECTIONABLE BOILER
CN100460763C (en) * 2006-05-28 2009-02-11 姚志红 Coal burning water heating range

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8912866U1 (en) * 1989-10-31 1991-05-08 Vießmann, Hans, Dr., 3559 Battenberg Boilers for burning liquid or gaseous fuels
DE4126706C1 (en) * 1991-06-17 1992-10-29 Buderus Heiztechnik Gmbh, 6330 Wetzlar, De
DE4302479A1 (en) * 1993-01-29 1994-08-04 Hans Dr Viesmann Boiler for the combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels

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DE19502765C2 (en) 1996-11-14
DE59601574D1 (en) 1999-05-12
ATE178706T1 (en) 1999-04-15
EP0724121A1 (en) 1996-07-31
DE19502765A1 (en) 1996-08-08
ES2130701T3 (en) 1999-07-01

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