EP0718579A2 - Heat exchanger for cooling cracking gas - Google Patents

Heat exchanger for cooling cracking gas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0718579A2
EP0718579A2 EP95111740A EP95111740A EP0718579A2 EP 0718579 A2 EP0718579 A2 EP 0718579A2 EP 95111740 A EP95111740 A EP 95111740A EP 95111740 A EP95111740 A EP 95111740A EP 0718579 A2 EP0718579 A2 EP 0718579A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling
tube
heat exchanger
recess
tubes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95111740A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0718579B1 (en
EP0718579A3 (en
Inventor
Peter Brücher
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Borsig GmbH
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Deutsche Babcock Borsig AG
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/18—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/002—Cooling of cracked gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
    • C10G9/18—Apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/106—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of two coaxial conduits or modules of two coaxial conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0075—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for syngas or cracked gas cooling systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger for cooling cracked gas with the features of the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the cracked gas is generated by thermal cracking of hydrocarbons in a cracking furnace. These cracking furnaces are provided with a number of cracked tubes heated from the outside, through which the hydrocarbons used are passed with the addition of water vapor.
  • the cracked gas generated leaves the cracked tubes at a temperature of about 800 to 850 ° C and must be cooled very quickly to stabilize its molecular composition. This takes place in cracked gas coolers by heat transfer from the cracked gas to evaporating water under high pressure.
  • Cracked gas coolers are known in which each individual cracked tube emerging from the cracking furnace is connected to a separate cracked gas cooler, which can have one or more tubes which are enclosed by a common jacket or are designed as double tubes. Since the canned tubes emerging from the cracking furnace are generally arranged linearly at a relatively short distance from one another, all cracked gas coolers can be combined in one module in the form of a linear cooler.
  • the cooling medium is fed in and out at the ends of the pipes by means of water chambers, which can be oval or tubular. The interior of the water chambers is connected to all connected pipes.
  • the invention has for its object to design the water chamber of the generic heat exchanger so that no material overheating of the surfaces involved in the heat exchange occur that a defined flow of the entering cooling medium is set and that the water chamber withstands the high pressures of the cooling medium and is inexpensive to manufacture.
  • the pressure of the cooling medium acts on a relatively narrow annular surface which represents the bottom of the depression and whose outer diameter does not substantially exceed the inner diameter of the outer tube. Due to the small size of the floor, which is loaded by the pressure of the cooling medium, it only needs to be provided with a small wall thickness. This small wall thickness allows good cooling of the temperature-loaded floor by the cooling medium, so that material overheating can be avoided. Outside the wells, which are spaced apart from one another, the water chamber retains the original thickness of the solid piece, so that the water chamber itself is stiff enough to withstand the high pressure of the cooling medium without additional reinforcements.
  • the recesses can be made in the solid piece by simple mechanical processing, such as drilling and milling, which reduces the effort for the production of the water chamber. Since each cooling tube has its own recess, which is separate from the other cooling tubes, each cooling tube can be controlled individually by the cooling medium, which results in a better distribution of the cooling medium to this one cooling tube.
  • the recess which is circular in cross section, in particular in connection with a tangential supply of the cooling medium, produces a rotating cooling medium flow which ensures good cooling of the floor and an undesired deposition of particles from the Coolant does not allow. Any existing particles are kept in the rotating flow in the vicinity of the wall of the depression according to the cyclone principle and can be removed during operation through the further bore leading outwards.
  • a cracking gas is generated in a cracking furnace by reacting hydrocarbons with water vapor.
  • the cracking furnace is provided with cracking tubes 2 which are heated from the outside and through which the feedstock flows.
  • the cracked gas leaving the cracked tubes 2 at a temperature of 800 to 850 ° C. directly enters a cracked gas cooler 3 which is arranged in the immediate vicinity above the cracking furnace.
  • this cracked gas cooler 3 the molecular composition of the cracked gas is stabilized by a rugged cooling in the heat exchange with evaporating water under high pressure.
  • the cracked gas cooler 3 consists of one or more cooling tubes 4, which are arranged in a row next to one another in such a way that each cooling tube 4 is assigned to a cracking tube 2 and extends axially.
  • the inner diameter of the can 2 and the cooling tube 4 are, as shown, usually the same size.
  • the cooling tubes 4 open into a gas manifold 5.
  • Each cooling tube 4 is surrounded by an outer tube 6 to form an annular space. At both ends of the outer tubes 6, water chambers 7, 8 are provided for the supply and discharge of the cooling medium.
  • each can 2 is widened in a fork shape.
  • an inner tube section 9, which forms the extension of the can 2 and an outer tube section 10 are formed, both of which are connected to one another at one end.
  • the outer tube section 10 is welded to the lower water chamber 7.
  • the inner tube section 9 of the canned tube 2 faces the cooling tube 4 at a small axial distance.
  • the space between the inner pipe section 9 and the outer pipe section 10 is filled with a layer 17 made of a heat-insulating material.
  • the water chamber 7, 8 is made from a solid, seamless, strip-shaped piece. In this piece circular recesses 11 are machined at a distance from one another, the number of which corresponds to that of the cooling tubes 4. Each cooling tube 4 is assigned its own depression 11.
  • the outer tube 6 is welded to the water chamber 7 on the side facing away from the can 2.
  • the inside diameter of the outer tube 6 corresponds to the diameter of the reinforcement 11 at the weld point.
  • the depression 11 can have this diameter throughout.
  • the depression can also be widened in the central region, the diameter of the depression 11 being greater than the inner diameter of the outer tube 6 by approximately the width of the space between the cooling tube 4 and the outer tube 6.
  • the recess 11 is worked so deeply into the piece forming the water chamber 7, 8 that an annular bottom 12 with a small remaining wall thickness remains.
  • the cooling tube 4 is welded into this base 12.
  • the area of the annular bottom 12 is limited by the outer diameter of the cooling tube 4 and the diameter of the depression 11.
  • a bore 13 preferably opens tangentially into the recess 12 at the level of the base 12.
  • the holes 13 are each connected via a connecting piece 14 to a supply line 15 for the cooling medium.
  • the cooling medium enters the depression 11 at high speed through the bore 13 and generates a rotating flow around the cooling tube 4. This flow ensures good cooling of the bottom 12 of the depression 11 and thereby prevents particles from being deposited on the bottom 12, which would lead to harmful local overheating.
  • the recess 11 is provided with a further bore 16 which is guided outwards at the level of the base 12. Through this further bore 16, the particles which are located in the depression 11 and rotate with the flow of the cooling medium can be discharged during the operation of the cracked gas cooler 3.
  • the further bores 16 are connected to a line 18.
  • This line 18 is provided with a drain valve, not shown. By briefly opening the drain valve suddenly, cooling medium with particles contained therein can be removed.
  • the water which serves as the cooling medium and is under high pressure and fed via the feed line 15 into the recesses 11 of the lower water chamber 7, flows through the intermediate space between the cooling tube 4 and the outer tube 6 enters the upper water chamber 8 as a water / saturated steam mixture. From this, the water / saturated steam mixture is fed to a water-steam cycle, not shown, to which the feed line 15 is also connected.
  • the holes 13, 16 described can be used as inspection openings by through them during an endoscope an endoscope is inserted into the recess 11. With the help of these endoscopes, the state of the recess 11 can be checked.
  • the cracked gas cooler can also contain more than three or only a single cooling tube.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)

Abstract

A heat exchanger to cool cracked gases has a pair of concentric tubes (6,4), forming a cooling jacket around the gas in the inner cooling tube (4). At each end of the tubes a chamber (7,8) is welded to them, for the supply and removal of cooling medium. In the novel construction, the water chambers are sturdily fabricated from thick metal strip, and have a number of tube assemblies along their length. For each cooling tube (4), there is a surrounding circular depression (11). These are spaced apart along the strip and their diameter is at least as large as that of the outer tube (6). At the base of each depression is a thin circular section (12).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wärmetauscher zum Kühlen von Spaltgas mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a heat exchanger for cooling cracked gas with the features of the preamble of patent claim 1.

Das Spaltgas wird durch eine thermische Spaltung von Kohlenwasserstoffen in einem Spaltofen erzeugt. Diese Spaltöfen sind mit einer Anzahl von außen beheizten Spaltrohren versehen, durch die die eingesetzten Kohlenwasserstoffen unter Zusatz von Wasserdampf geführt werden. Das erzeugte Spaltgas verläßt die Spaltrohre mit einer Temperatur von etwa 800 bis 850°C und muß zur Stabilisierung seiner molekularen Zusammensetzung sehr schnell abgekühlt werden. Dies erfolgt in Spaltgaskühlern durch eine Wärmeübertragung von dem Spaltgas an verdampfendes, unter einem hohen Druck stehendes Wasser.The cracked gas is generated by thermal cracking of hydrocarbons in a cracking furnace. These cracking furnaces are provided with a number of cracked tubes heated from the outside, through which the hydrocarbons used are passed with the addition of water vapor. The cracked gas generated leaves the cracked tubes at a temperature of about 800 to 850 ° C and must be cooled very quickly to stabilize its molecular composition. This takes place in cracked gas coolers by heat transfer from the cracked gas to evaporating water under high pressure.

Es sind Spaltgaskühler bekannt, bei denen jedes einzelne aus dem Spaltofen austretende Spaltrohr mit einem separaten Spaltgaskühler verbunden ist, der ein oder mehrere Rohre besitzen kann, die von einem gemeinsamen Mantel umschlossen oder als Doppelrohre ausgebildet sind. Da die aus dem Spaltofen austretende Spaltrohre in der Regel linear mit relativ geringem Abstand voneinander angeordnet sind, können sämtliche Spaltgaskühler in einem Modul in Form eines Linearkühlers zusammengefaßt werden. Die Zu- und Ableitung des Kühlmediums erfolgt jeweils an den Enden der Rohre mittels Wasserkammern, die oval oder rohrförmig ausgeführt sein können. Der Innenraum der Wasserkammern steht mit allen angeschlossenen Rohren in Verbindung.Cracked gas coolers are known in which each individual cracked tube emerging from the cracking furnace is connected to a separate cracked gas cooler, which can have one or more tubes which are enclosed by a common jacket or are designed as double tubes. Since the canned tubes emerging from the cracking furnace are generally arranged linearly at a relatively short distance from one another, all cracked gas coolers can be combined in one module in the form of a linear cooler. The cooling medium is fed in and out at the ends of the pipes by means of water chambers, which can be oval or tubular. The interior of the water chambers is connected to all connected pipes.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Wasserkammer des gattungsgemäßen Wärmetauschers so zu gestalten, daß keine Materialüberhitzungen der am Wärmetausch beteiligte Flächen auftreten, daß eine definierte Strömung des eintretenden Kühlmediums eingestellt wird und daß die Wasserkammer den hohen Drücken des Kühlmediums standhält und kostengünstig herzustellen ist.The invention has for its object to design the water chamber of the generic heat exchanger so that no material overheating of the surfaces involved in the heat exchange occur that a defined flow of the entering cooling medium is set and that the water chamber withstands the high pressures of the cooling medium and is inexpensive to manufacture.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem gattungsgemäßen Wärmetauscher erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This object is achieved in a generic heat exchanger according to the invention by the characterizing features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Wärmetauscher wirkt der Druck des Kühlmediums auf eine verhältnismäßig schmale ringförmige, den Boden der Vertiefung darstellende Fläche, deren Außendurchmesser den Innendurchmesser des Außenrohres nicht wesentlich übersteigt. Aufgrund der geringen Größe des durch den Druck des Kühlmediums belasteten Bodens braucht dieser nur mit einer geringen Wanddicke versehen zu werden. Diese geringe Wanddicke läßt eine gute Kühlung des temperaturbelasteten Bodens durch das Kühlmediums zu, so daß Materialüberhitzungen vermieden werden können. Außerhalb der mit Abstand voneinander vorgesehenen Vertiefungen behält die Wasserkammer die ursprüngliche Dicke des massiven Stückes, so daß die Wasserkammer in sich steif genug ist, um ohne zusätzliche Verstärkungen dem hohen Druck des Kühlmediums standzuhalten. Die Vertiefungen lassen sich in das massive Stück durch eine einfache mechanische Bearbeitung, wie Bohren und Fräsen einbringen, wodurch der Aufwand für die Herstellung der Wasserkammer verringert wird. Da für jedes Kühlrohr eine eigene, von den übrigen Kühlrohre getrennte Vertiefung vorhanden ist, kann jedes Kühlrohr einzeln von dem Kühlmedium angesteuert werden, woraus sich eine bessere Verteilung des Kühlmediums auf dieses eine Kühlrohr ergibt. Die im Querschnitt kreisförmige Vertiefung erzeugt insbesondere in Verbindung mit einer tangentialen Zuführung des Kühlmediums eine rotierende Kühlmediumströmung, die für eine gute Kühlung des Bodens sorgt und eine unerwünschte Ablagerung von Partileln aus dem Kühlmedium nicht zuläßt. Etwa vorhandene Partikel werden nach dem Zyklonprinzip in der rotierenden Strömung in der Nähe der Wandung der Vertiefung gehalten und können durch die weitere, nach außen führende Bohrung während des Betriebes ausgeschleust werden.In the heat exchanger according to the invention, the pressure of the cooling medium acts on a relatively narrow annular surface which represents the bottom of the depression and whose outer diameter does not substantially exceed the inner diameter of the outer tube. Due to the small size of the floor, which is loaded by the pressure of the cooling medium, it only needs to be provided with a small wall thickness. This small wall thickness allows good cooling of the temperature-loaded floor by the cooling medium, so that material overheating can be avoided. Outside the wells, which are spaced apart from one another, the water chamber retains the original thickness of the solid piece, so that the water chamber itself is stiff enough to withstand the high pressure of the cooling medium without additional reinforcements. The recesses can be made in the solid piece by simple mechanical processing, such as drilling and milling, which reduces the effort for the production of the water chamber. Since each cooling tube has its own recess, which is separate from the other cooling tubes, each cooling tube can be controlled individually by the cooling medium, which results in a better distribution of the cooling medium to this one cooling tube. The recess, which is circular in cross section, in particular in connection with a tangential supply of the cooling medium, produces a rotating cooling medium flow which ensures good cooling of the floor and an undesired deposition of particles from the Coolant does not allow. Any existing particles are kept in the rotating flow in the vicinity of the wall of the depression according to the cyclone principle and can be removed during operation through the further bore leading outwards.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
perspektivisch einen Spaltgaskühler,
Fig. 2
den Längsschnitt durch einen Spaltgaskühler im Bereich der unteren Wasserkammer und
Fig. 3
die Draufsicht auf Fig. 2.
An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and is explained in more detail below. Show it:
Fig. 1
perspective a cracked gas cooler,
Fig. 2
the longitudinal section through a cracked gas cooler in the area of the lower water chamber and
Fig. 3
the top view of Fig. 2nd

In einem Spaltofen wird durch Umsetzung von Kohlenwasserstoffen mit Wasserdampf ein Spaltgas erzeugt. Der Spaltofen ist mit Spaltrohren 2 versehen, die von außen beheizt und von dem Einsatzstoff durchströmt sind. Das die Spaltrohre 2 mit einer Temperatur von 800 bis 850 °C verlassende Spaltgas tritt direkt in einen Spaltgaskühler 3 ein, der in unmittelbarer Nähe oberhalb des Spaltofens angeordnet ist. In diesem Spaltgaskühler 3 wird die molekulare Zusammensetzung des Spaltgases durch eine schroffe Abkühlung im Wärmetausch mit verdampfendem, unter hohem Druck stehenden Wasser stabilisiert.A cracking gas is generated in a cracking furnace by reacting hydrocarbons with water vapor. The cracking furnace is provided with cracking tubes 2 which are heated from the outside and through which the feedstock flows. The cracked gas leaving the cracked tubes 2 at a temperature of 800 to 850 ° C. directly enters a cracked gas cooler 3 which is arranged in the immediate vicinity above the cracking furnace. In this cracked gas cooler 3, the molecular composition of the cracked gas is stabilized by a rugged cooling in the heat exchange with evaporating water under high pressure.

Der Spaltgaskühler 3 besteht aus einem oder mehreren Kühlrohren 4, die so in einer Reihe nebeneinander angeordnet sind, daß jedes Kühlrohr 4 einem Spaltrohr 2 zugeordnet ist und in dessen axialer Verlängerung verläuft. Die Innendurchmesser von Spaltrohr 2 und Kühlrohr 4 sind, wie dargestellt, üblicherweise gleich groß. Die Kühlrohre 4 münden in eine Gassammelleitung 5 ein. Jedes Kühlrohr 4 ist unter Bildung eines ringförmigen Zwischenraumes von einem Außenrohr 6 umgeben. An beiden Enden der Außenrohre 6 sind Wasserkammern 7, 8 für die Zuführung und Abführung des Kühlmediums vorgesehen.The cracked gas cooler 3 consists of one or more cooling tubes 4, which are arranged in a row next to one another in such a way that each cooling tube 4 is assigned to a cracking tube 2 and extends axially. The inner diameter of the can 2 and the cooling tube 4 are, as shown, usually the same size. The cooling tubes 4 open into a gas manifold 5. Each cooling tube 4 is surrounded by an outer tube 6 to form an annular space. At both ends of the outer tubes 6, water chambers 7, 8 are provided for the supply and discharge of the cooling medium.

Das austrittsseitige Ende eines jeden Spaltrohres 2 ist gabelförmig aufgeweitet. Auf diese Weise entsteht ein innerer, die Verlängerung des Spaltrohres 2 bildender Rohrabschnitt 9 und ein äußerer Rohrabschnitt 10, die beide an einem Ende miteinander verbunden sind. Der äußere Rohrabschnitt 10 ist an die untere Wasserkammer 7 angeschweißt. Der innere Rohrabschnitt 9 des Spaltrohres 2 steht in einem geringen axialen Abstand dem Kühlrohr 4 gegenüber. Der Zwischenraum zwischen dem inneren Rohrabschnitt 9 und dem äußeren Rohrabschnitt 10 ist mit einer Schicht 17 aus einem wärmeisolierenden Material ausgefüllt.The outlet end of each can 2 is widened in a fork shape. In this way, an inner tube section 9, which forms the extension of the can 2, and an outer tube section 10 are formed, both of which are connected to one another at one end. The outer tube section 10 is welded to the lower water chamber 7. The inner tube section 9 of the canned tube 2 faces the cooling tube 4 at a small axial distance. The space between the inner pipe section 9 and the outer pipe section 10 is filled with a layer 17 made of a heat-insulating material.

Die Wasserkammer 7, 8 ist aus einem massiven, nahtlosen, streifenförmigen Stück gefertigt. In dieses Stück sind in einem Abstand voneinander im Querschnitt kreisförmige Vertiefungen 11 eingearbeitet, deren Anzahl der der Kühlrohre 4 entspricht. Dabei ist jedem Kühlrohr 4 eine eigene Vertiefung 11 zugeordnet. Das Außenrohr 6 ist auf der dem Spaltrohr 2 abgewandten Seite an die Wasserkammer 7 angeschweißt. Dabei stimmt an der Einschweißstelle der Innendurchmesser des Außenrohres 6 mit dem Durchmesser der Verteifung 11 überein. Die Vertiefung 11 kann durchgehend diesen Durchmesser aufweisen. Im mittleren Bereich kann die Vertiefung auch verbreitert sein, wobei der Durchmesser der Vertiefung 11 etwa um die Breite des Zwischenraumes zwischen dem Kühlrohr 4 und dem Außenrohr 6 größer sein kann als der Innendurchmesser des Außenrohres 6.The water chamber 7, 8 is made from a solid, seamless, strip-shaped piece. In this piece circular recesses 11 are machined at a distance from one another, the number of which corresponds to that of the cooling tubes 4. Each cooling tube 4 is assigned its own depression 11. The outer tube 6 is welded to the water chamber 7 on the side facing away from the can 2. The inside diameter of the outer tube 6 corresponds to the diameter of the reinforcement 11 at the weld point. The depression 11 can have this diameter throughout. The depression can also be widened in the central region, the diameter of the depression 11 being greater than the inner diameter of the outer tube 6 by approximately the width of the space between the cooling tube 4 and the outer tube 6.

Die Vertiefung 11 ist so tief in das die Wasserkammer 7, 8 bildende Stück eingearbeitet, daß ein ringförmiger Boden 12 mit einer geringen Restwanddicke verbleibt. In diesen Boden 12 ist das Kühlrohr 4 eingeschweißt. Die Fläche des ringförmigen Bodens 12 ist begrenzt durch den Außendurchmesser des Kühlrohres 4 und den Durchmesser der Vertiefung 11.The recess 11 is worked so deeply into the piece forming the water chamber 7, 8 that an annular bottom 12 with a small remaining wall thickness remains. The cooling tube 4 is welded into this base 12. The area of the annular bottom 12 is limited by the outer diameter of the cooling tube 4 and the diameter of the depression 11.

In jede Vertiefung 11 mündet in der Höhe des Bodens 12 vorzugsweise tangential eine Bohrung 13 hinein. Die Bohrungen 13 sind jeweils über einen Verbindungsstutzen 14 mit einer Zuführungsleitung 15 für das Kühlmedium verbunden. Das Kühlmedium tritt durch die Bohrung 13 mit hoher Geschwindigkeit in die Vertiefung 11 ein und erzeugt eine rotierende Strömung um das Kühlrohr 4. Diese Strömung sorgt für eine gute Kühlung des Bodens 12 der Vertiefung 11 und verhindert dadurch eine Ablagerung von Partikeln auf dem Boden 12, die zu einer schädlichen örtlichen Überhitzung führen würde.A bore 13 preferably opens tangentially into the recess 12 at the level of the base 12. The holes 13 are each connected via a connecting piece 14 to a supply line 15 for the cooling medium. The cooling medium enters the depression 11 at high speed through the bore 13 and generates a rotating flow around the cooling tube 4. This flow ensures good cooling of the bottom 12 of the depression 11 and thereby prevents particles from being deposited on the bottom 12, which would lead to harmful local overheating.

Die Vertiefung 11 ist mit einer weiteren Bohrung 16 versehen, die in Höhe des Bodens 12 nach außen geführt ist. Durch diese weitere Bohrung 16 können die Partikel, die sich in der Vertiefung 11 befinden und mit der Strömung des Kühlmediums rotieren während des Betriebes des Spaltgaskühlers 3 ausgeschleust werden. Zu diesem Zweck sind die weiteren Bohrungen 16 mit einer Leitung 18 verbunden. Diese Leitung 18 ist mit einem nicht gezeigten Abschlämmventil versehen. Durch ein kurzzeitiges, schlagartiges Öffnen des Abschlämmventils kann Kühlmedium mit darin enthaltenen Partikeln abgezogen werden.The recess 11 is provided with a further bore 16 which is guided outwards at the level of the base 12. Through this further bore 16, the particles which are located in the depression 11 and rotate with the flow of the cooling medium can be discharged during the operation of the cracked gas cooler 3. For this purpose, the further bores 16 are connected to a line 18. This line 18 is provided with a drain valve, not shown. By briefly opening the drain valve suddenly, cooling medium with particles contained therein can be removed.

Das als Kühlmedium dienende unter hohen Druck stehende und über die Zuführungsleitung 15 in die Vertiefungen 11 der unteren Wasserkammer 7 eingespeiste Wasser durchströmt den Zwischenraum zwischen dem Kühlrohr 4 und dem Außenrohr 6. Dabei verdampft das Wasser im Wärmetausch mit dem die Kühlrohre 4 durchströmenden Spaltgas teilweise und tritt als Wasser/Sattdampf-Gemisch in die obere Wasserkammer 8 ein. Aus dieser wird das Wasser/Sattdampf-Gemisch einem nicht gezeigten Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf zugeführt, an den auch die Zuführungsleitung 15 angeschlossen ist.The water, which serves as the cooling medium and is under high pressure and fed via the feed line 15 into the recesses 11 of the lower water chamber 7, flows through the intermediate space between the cooling tube 4 and the outer tube 6 enters the upper water chamber 8 as a water / saturated steam mixture. From this, the water / saturated steam mixture is fed to a water-steam cycle, not shown, to which the feed line 15 is also connected.

Die beschriebenen Bohrungen 13, 16 können als Inspektionsöffnungen benutzt werden, indem durch sie während eines Betriebsstillstandes ein Endoskop in die Vertiefung 11 eingeführt wird. Mit Hilfe dieser Endoskope läßt sich der Zustand der Vertiefung 11 überprüfen.The holes 13, 16 described can be used as inspection openings by through them during an endoscope an endoscope is inserted into the recess 11. With the help of these endoscopes, the state of the recess 11 can be checked.

In der Fig. 1 ist ein Spaltgaskühler 3 mit drei Kühlrohren gezeigt. Ohne das erfindungsgemäße Prinzip zu verlassen, kann der Spaltgaskühler auch mehr als drei oder nur ein einziges Kühlrohr enthalten.1 shows a cracked gas cooler 3 with three cooling tubes. Without leaving the principle according to the invention, the cracked gas cooler can also contain more than three or only a single cooling tube.

Claims (5)

Wärmetauscher zum Kühlen von Spaltgas mit mindestens einem von einem Außenrohr (6) umgebenen Kühlrohr (4), wobei Kühlrohr (4) und Außenrohr (6) an beiden Enden an je eine Wasserkammer (7, 8) zur Zuführung und Abführung eines Kühlmediums angeschweißt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wasserkammer (7, 8) aus einem massiven, streifenförmigen Stück besteht, in das entsprechend der Anzahl der Kühlrohre (4) in einem Abstand voneinander kreisförmige Vertiefungen (11) eingebracht sind, daß jede Vertiefung (11) ein Kühlrohr (4) umgibt, daß der Durchmesser der Vertiefung (11) gleich dem oder größer als der Innendurchmesser des Außenrohres (6) ist und daß die Vertiefung (11) im Bereich der Rohrenden der Kühlrohre (4) einen dünnen, ringförmigen Boden (12) mit einer geringen Restwanddicke aufweist.Heat exchanger for cooling cracked gas with at least one cooling tube (4) surrounded by an outer tube (6), the cooling tube (4) and outer tube (6) being welded to a water chamber (7, 8) at both ends for the supply and discharge of a cooling medium , characterized in that the water chamber (7, 8) consists of a solid, strip-shaped piece into which, depending on the number of cooling tubes (4), circular depressions (11) are made at a distance from one another, such that each depression (11) is a cooling tube (4) surrounds that the diameter of the recess (11) is equal to or larger than the inside diameter of the outer tube (6) and that the recess (11) in the region of the tube ends of the cooling tubes (4) has a thin, annular base (12) with a small residual wall thickness. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Zuführung bzw. Abführung des Kühlmediums in jede Vertiefung (11) eine durch die Seitenwand der Wasserkammer (7, 8) geführte Bohrung (13) einmündet.Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that a bore (13) which leads through the side wall of the water chamber (7, 8) opens into each recess (11) for supplying or removing the cooling medium. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bohrung (13) tangential in die Vertiefung (11) einmündet.Heat exchanger according to claim 2, characterized in that the bore (13) opens tangentially into the recess (11). Wärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß alle Bohrungen (13) an eine gemeinsame Zuführungsleitung (15) angeschlossen sind.Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that all the bores (13) are connected to a common supply line (15). Wärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß aus jeder Vertiefung (11) eine weitere Bohrung (16) herausgeführt ist.Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a further bore (16) is led out of each recess (11).
EP95111740A 1994-12-21 1995-07-26 Heat exchanger for cooling cracked gas Expired - Lifetime EP0718579B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4445687 1994-12-21
DE4445687A DE4445687A1 (en) 1994-12-21 1994-12-21 Heat exchanger for cooling cracked gas

Publications (3)

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EP0718579A2 true EP0718579A2 (en) 1996-06-26
EP0718579A3 EP0718579A3 (en) 1997-10-08
EP0718579B1 EP0718579B1 (en) 1999-11-10

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EP95111740A Expired - Lifetime EP0718579B1 (en) 1994-12-21 1995-07-26 Heat exchanger for cooling cracked gas

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US (1) US5579831A (en)
EP (1) EP0718579B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3605681B2 (en)
DE (2) DE4445687A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0718579B1 (en) 1999-11-10
DE59507221D1 (en) 1999-12-16
JPH0979789A (en) 1997-03-28
JP3605681B2 (en) 2004-12-22
US5579831A (en) 1996-12-03
DE4445687A1 (en) 1996-06-27
EP0718579A3 (en) 1997-10-08

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