EP0704017B1 - Fuel-air mixture feed device for a two-stroke internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Fuel-air mixture feed device for a two-stroke internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0704017B1
EP0704017B1 EP94923771A EP94923771A EP0704017B1 EP 0704017 B1 EP0704017 B1 EP 0704017B1 EP 94923771 A EP94923771 A EP 94923771A EP 94923771 A EP94923771 A EP 94923771A EP 0704017 B1 EP0704017 B1 EP 0704017B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
combustion chamber
port
cylinder
fuel mixture
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EP94923771A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0704017A1 (en
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Jean-Marc Masse
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B25/00—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders
    • F02B25/14—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders using reverse-flow scavenging, e.g. with both outlet and inlet ports arranged near bottom of piston stroke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B33/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
    • F02B33/02—Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps
    • F02B33/04—Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps with simple crankcase pumps, i.e. with the rear face of a non-stepped working piston acting as sole pumping member in co-operation with the crankcase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
    • F02D9/02—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits concerning induction conduits
    • F02D2009/0201—Arrangements; Control features; Details thereof
    • F02D2009/0291—Throttle control device for throttle being disposed in a two-stroke engine transfer passage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for supplying the air-fuel mixture to a two-stroke internal combustion engine of the type swept by compressed air in the casing, comprising at least one cylinder, a piston moving in back and forth in said cylinder to delimit a combustion chamber and a purge air compression housing provided with an air intake orifice, the cylinder comprising at least one exhaust port, at least one port transfer communicating through a transfer channel with the housing, and a light for introducing an air-fuel mixture into the combustion chamber, towards the end of the sweep.
  • document WO-A-91 02 144 describes a two-stroke internal combustion engine in which the air flow from the compression housing to the combustion chamber takes place through two passages.
  • a first passage controlled by the piston is traversed by the major part of the air flow.
  • a second passage traversed by a reduced part of the air flow contains a rotary shutter driven in synchronism with the rotation of the engine, a fuel introduction taking place in said reduced part of the air flow, downstream of the rotary shutter, in such a way that an air-fuel mixture is admitted into the combustion chamber through an air-fuel mixture introduction port, during a limited angle of rotation of the engine.
  • the present invention aims to eliminate or at least reduce to a large extent the drawbacks of the solutions already proposed with a view to reducing the consumption and pollution of two-stroke engines.
  • the subject of the invention is a device for supplying the air-fuel mixture to a two-stroke internal combustion engine of the type swept by compressed air in the casing, this engine comprising at least one cylinder, a movable piston. back and forth in the cylinder to define a combustion chamber and a purge air compression housing provided with an air intake orifice.
  • the cylinder comprises at least one exhaust port, at least one transfer port communicating via a transfer channel with the casing, and a port for introducing an air-fuel mixture into the combustion chamber towards the end of the sweep. .
  • the supply device comprises an air reservoir supplied with air at a pressure higher than the pressure prevailing in the combustion chamber after opening of the exhaust port, and a rotary shutter member driven in synchronism with the rotation of the engine, associated with the light for introducing the air-fuel mixture into the combustion chamber.
  • a venturi is placed between said tank and the rotary shutter and a fuel inlet from a constant level tank opens into the divergent portion of said venturi
  • the rotary shutter is preferably placed inside said tank.
  • the rotary obturator can preferably be a cylindrical plug obturator whose axis is parallel to the axis of the cylinder and which has in its cylindrical wall a window controlling the communication of the tank by the introduction light with the combustion chamber .
  • the air tank can be supplied with pressurized air by a system external to the engine, or by a system internal to the engine.
  • the reservoir is advantageously supplied with air from the casing by a conduit also controlled by a rotary shutter driven in synchronism with the rotation of the engine.
  • the upper edge of the light for introducing the air-fuel mixture into the combustion chamber may be at the same level as the upper edge of the exhaust light, but according to a preferred embodiment, the upper edge of the introduction light is located closer to the cylinder head than the upper edge of the exhaust light, so that when the piston rises, the combustion chamber still communicates with the air tank and the increasing the pressure in the combustion chamber leads to an increase in the air pressure in the tank for the introduction of the air-fuel mixture during the next cycle.
  • the air-fuel jet of the air-fuel mixture supply device is oriented towards the cylinder head so that said jet does not meet the exhaust lumen.
  • the engine as illustrated in the drawing is an internal combustion engine operating on a two-stroke cycle, of the type scanned by compressed air in the casing.
  • a cylinder 1 defined in a cylinder block 2 surmounted by a cylinder head 3 carrying a spark plug 4.
  • the cylinder block 2 is attached to a casing 5 provided with an air intake opening 6 and a non-flap valve represented.
  • a crankshaft 7 In the casing 5 rotates a crankshaft 7 to which is coupled by a connecting rod 8 a piston 9 which is movable back and forth in the cylinder 1 and delimits in the latter a combustion chamber 10 with the cylinder head 3.
  • the cylinder 1 also comprises an exhaust light 11 as well as a transfer light 12 communicating via a transfer channel not shown with the casing 5, the two lights 11 and 12 being formed in the cylinder 1 so as to open into the combustion chamber 10 at a height such that they are completely cleared only when the piston 9 is in bottom dead center, as shown.
  • the engine as described above also comprises a device 13 for supplying the air-fuel mixture to the combustion chamber 10.
  • This device 13 comprises an air reservoir 14 communicating through a passage 15 with the casing 5 as well as by a light 16 with the cylinder 1, the light 16 being substantially at the same height as the exhaust light 11.
  • a rotary shutter 19 rotating around an axis parallel to the axis of the cylinder 1 is rotatably mounted at the inside the chamber 14 so as to control the communication between the inside of the chamber 14 and the cylinder 1.
  • the shutter 19 is a plug valve with a cylindrical wall located between the ve nturi 17 and the light 16 has a window 21.
  • the shaft 20 of the shutter 19 also carries another rotary shutter 22 whose light 23 controls the communication between the chamber 14 and the casing 5 via the conduit 15, as well as 'a drive pinion 24 consisting of a bevel gear engaged with a not shown bevel gear of a shaft which is parallel to the crankshaft 7 and is driven by the latter.
  • the insertion light 16 is arranged in such a way that its lower edge is located at the height of the top of the piston 9 when the latter is in bottom dead center and that its upper edge is located at a level slightly above the upper edge of the exhaust lumen 11. Furthermore, the introductory lumen 16 is opposite the exhaust lumen 11 and the venturi 17 is oriented obliquely upwards towards the cylinder head 3 so as to produce a jet which crosses the axis of the cylinder 1 and passes over the exhaust port 11.
  • the piston 9 moves towards the cylinder head 3 in the direction of the top dead center. During this piston rise stroke, the volume of the casing 5 increases and air is drawn into the casing 5 through the inlet port 6 and the valve not shown.
  • the spark plug 4 triggers the combustion of the air-fuel mixture contained in the combustion chamber 10 and under the thrust of the gases resulting from this combustion, the piston 9 moves away from cylinder head 3 towards bottom dead center. During this descent of the piston 9, the air previously sucked into the casing 5 is compressed, the valve not shown preventing any discharge of air through the intake orifice 6.
  • the piston 9 successively discovers the introduction light 16, the exhaust light 11 and the transfer light 12.
  • the introduction light 16 is still closed by the shutter 19, the gases of exhaust are evacuated by the exhaust port 11, this movement being assisted by the introduction, via the transfer orifice 12, of fresh air previously compressed in the casing 5.
  • the window 21 and the light 16 still allow, for a short time, a communication of the combustion chamber 10 with the tank 14, so that the pressure which increases in the chamber combustion 10 due to the upward movement of the piston 9 increases the pressure of the air contained in the tank 14, for the introduction of fuel during the next cycle.
  • the piston 9 then continues its upward movement in the direction of the cylinder head 3, compressing the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber 10 and sucking air into the casing 5 through the intake port 6 and the valve not shown.
  • pressurized air into the reservoir 14 instead of being done by a system internal to the engine (transfer in the reservoir 14 of part of the compressed air in the casing 5), could also be done by a system external to the engine.
  • the shutter 19 could be a rotary shutter other than in the form of a plug, rotating around an axis other than parallel to the axis of the cylinder 1, although the arrangement described and shown is particularly favorable in the measurement. where it makes it possible to place the shutter as close as possible to the insertion lumen 16 and to produce the insertion device 13 as a whole in a particularly compact form.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/FR94/00972 Sec. 371 Date Jan. 17, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Jan. 17, 1996 PCT Filed Aug. 2, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO95/04212 PCT Pub. Date Feb. 9, 1995Air/fuel mixture supply device for a two-stroke internal-combustion engine, of the type with scavenging by compressed air in the casing, comprising at least one cylinder, a piston capable of reciprocating motion in the cylinder, and a scavenging-air compression casing, the cylinder comprising at least one exhaust port, at least one transfer port and a port for introduction of an air/fuel mixture. A rotary closure member (19) driven in synchronism with the rotation of the engine is associated with the port (16) for introduction of the air/fuel mixture into the combustion chamber, this closure member being placed in an air reservoir (14) fed with air under a pressure greater than the pressure in the combustion chamber (10) after opening of the exhaust port (11).

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un dispositif d'alimentation en mélange air-carburant d'un moteur à explosion à deux temps du type à balayage par de l'air comprimé dans le carter, comprenant au moins un cylindre, un piston mobile en va-et-vient dans ledit cylindre pour délimiter une chambre de combustion et un carter de compression d'air de balayage muni d'un orifice d'admission d'air, le cylindre comprenant au moins une lumière d'échappement, au moins une lumière de transfert communiquant par un canal de transfert avec le carter, et une lumière d'introduction d'un mélange air-carburant dans la chambre de combustion, vers la fin du balayage.The present invention relates to a device for supplying the air-fuel mixture to a two-stroke internal combustion engine of the type swept by compressed air in the casing, comprising at least one cylinder, a piston moving in back and forth in said cylinder to delimit a combustion chamber and a purge air compression housing provided with an air intake orifice, the cylinder comprising at least one exhaust port, at least one port transfer communicating through a transfer channel with the housing, and a light for introducing an air-fuel mixture into the combustion chamber, towards the end of the sweep.

Les moteurs à explosion fonctionnant selon un cycle à deux temps se sont avérés avoir une consommation et entraîner une pollution relativement importantes. Ce double problème est dû au balayage de la chambre de combustion, lequel balayage est effectué à l'aide d'un mélange air-carburant et, pour être efficace en vue de réaliser un bon remplissage de la chambre de combustion en mélange air-carburant et d'évacuer au maximum les gaz brûlés de la chambre de combustion, entraîne un passage direct d'une partie du mélange air-carburant par la lumière d'échappement, c'est-à-dire un échappement de gaz inbrûlés.Internal combustion engines operating on a two-stroke cycle have been found to have relatively high consumption and pollution. This double problem is due to the sweeping of the combustion chamber, which sweeping is carried out using an air-fuel mixture and, to be effective in order to achieve a good filling of the combustion chamber with air-fuel mixture and to evacuate the burnt gases as much as possible from the combustion chamber, results in a direct passage of part of the air-fuel mixture through the exhaust port, that is to say an exhaust of unburnt gases.

C'est la raison pour laquelle il a déjà proposé de réaliser le balayage de la chambre de combustion par de l'air pur plutôt que par un mélange air-carburant, le carburant n'étant introduit dans la chambre de combustion que vers la fin du balayage. Pour cela, il est possible d'injecter le carburant soit directement dans la chambre de combustion (voir demande de brevet FR-2 582 349), soit indirectement (demande de brevet FR-2 609 504), soit encore de l'introduire pneumatiquement (demande de brevet FR-2 496 757). Pour introduire le carburant par injection, il est nécessaire d'avoir une pression d'injection relativement élevée et les injecteurs utilisés sont souvent commandés électroniquement pour des raisons de souplesse de réglage. D'un autre côté, les systèmes d'introduction pneumatique de carburant sont réalisés par soupape commandée par exemple électroniquement ou par came en fonction de la rotation du moteur, ce qui limite le régime d'utilisation en raison des risques d'affolement de la soupape ou le temps de mise en action de la commande électronique.This is the reason why he has already proposed to sweep the combustion chamber with clean air rather than by an air-fuel mixture, the fuel being introduced into the combustion chamber only towards the end. of the sweep. For this, it is possible to inject the fuel either directly into the combustion chamber (see patent application FR-2 582 349), or indirectly (patent application FR-2 609 504), or even to introduce it pneumatically (patent application FR-2 496 757). To introduce fuel by injection, it is necessary to have a relatively high injection pressure and the injectors used are often electronically controlled for reasons of flexibility of adjustment. On the other hand, the pneumatic fuel introduction systems are produced by a valve controlled for example electronically or by cam as a function of the rotation of the engine, which limits the operating speed due to the risks of panic of the valve or the time for actuation of the electronic control.

Par ailleurs, le document WO-A-91 02 144 décrit un moteur à explosion à deux temps dans lequel le flux d'air du carter de compression vers la chambre de combustion se fait par deux passages. Un premier passage commandé par le piston est parcouru par la majeure partie du flux d'air. Un second passage parcouru par une partie réduite du flux d'air contient un obturateur rotatif entraîné en synchronisme avec la rotation du moteur, une introduction de carburant ayant lieu dans ladite partie réduite du flux d'air, en aval de l'obturateur rotatif, de telle manière qu'un mélange air-carburant soit admis dans la chambre de combustion par une lumière d'introduction de mélange air-carburant, pendant un angle de rotation limité du moteur.In addition, document WO-A-91 02 144 describes a two-stroke internal combustion engine in which the air flow from the compression housing to the combustion chamber takes place through two passages. A first passage controlled by the piston is traversed by the major part of the air flow. A second passage traversed by a reduced part of the air flow contains a rotary shutter driven in synchronism with the rotation of the engine, a fuel introduction taking place in said reduced part of the air flow, downstream of the rotary shutter, in such a way that an air-fuel mixture is admitted into the combustion chamber through an air-fuel mixture introduction port, during a limited angle of rotation of the engine.

Toutes ces solutions connues diminuent les avantages intrinsèques du moteur à deux temps, à savoir une construction relativement simple et un prix de revient réduit, avantages qui sont particulièrement intéressants pour des petits moteurs utilisés par exemple sur des véhicules à deux roues.All these known solutions reduce the intrinsic advantages of the two-stroke engine, namely a relatively simple construction and a reduced cost price, advantages which are particularly advantageous for small engines used for example on two-wheeled vehicles.

La présente invention vise à éliminer ou pour le moins à réduire dans une large mesure les inconvénients des solutions déjà proposées en vue de diminuer la consommation et la pollution des moteurs à deux temps.The present invention aims to eliminate or at least reduce to a large extent the drawbacks of the solutions already proposed with a view to reducing the consumption and pollution of two-stroke engines.

L'invention a pour objet un dispositif d'alimentation en mélange air-carburant d'un moteur à explosion à deux temps du type à balayage par de l'air comprimé dans le carter, ce moteur comprenant au moins un cylindre, un piston mobile en va-et-vient dans le cylindre pour délimiter une chambre de combustion et un carter de compression d'air de balayage muni d'un orifice d'admission d'air. Le cylindre comprend au moins une lumière d'échappement, au moins une lumière de transfert communiquant par un canal de transfert avec le carter, et une lumière d'introduction d'un mélange air-carburant dans la chambre de combustion vers la fin du balayage. Le dispositif d'alimentation comprend un réservoir d'air alimenté en air sous une pression supérieure à la pression régnant dans la chambre de combustion après ouverture de la lumière d'échappement, et un organe obturateur rotatif entraîné en synchronisme avec la rotation du moteur, associé à la lumière d'introduction du mélange air-carburant dans la chambre de combustion. Selon l'invention, un venturi est placé entre ledit réservoir et l'obturateur rotatif et une arrivée de carburant provenant d'une cuve à niveau constant débouche dans le divergent dudit venturiThe subject of the invention is a device for supplying the air-fuel mixture to a two-stroke internal combustion engine of the type swept by compressed air in the casing, this engine comprising at least one cylinder, a movable piston. back and forth in the cylinder to define a combustion chamber and a purge air compression housing provided with an air intake orifice. The cylinder comprises at least one exhaust port, at least one transfer port communicating via a transfer channel with the casing, and a port for introducing an air-fuel mixture into the combustion chamber towards the end of the sweep. . The supply device comprises an air reservoir supplied with air at a pressure higher than the pressure prevailing in the combustion chamber after opening of the exhaust port, and a rotary shutter member driven in synchronism with the rotation of the engine, associated with the light for introducing the air-fuel mixture into the combustion chamber. According to the invention, a venturi is placed between said tank and the rotary shutter and a fuel inlet from a constant level tank opens into the divergent portion of said venturi

Dans ce cas, l'obturateur rotatif est de préférence placé à l'intérieur dudit réservoir.In this case, the rotary shutter is preferably placed inside said tank.

L'obturateur rotatif peut être de préférence un obturateur à boisseau cylindrique dont l'axe est parallèle à l'axe du cylindre et qui comporte dans sa paroi cylindrique une fenêtre commandant la communication du réservoir par la lumière d'introduction avec la chambre de combustion.The rotary obturator can preferably be a cylindrical plug obturator whose axis is parallel to the axis of the cylinder and which has in its cylindrical wall a window controlling the communication of the tank by the introduction light with the combustion chamber .

Le réservoir d'air peut être alimenté en air sous pression par un système externe au moteur, ou bien par un système interne au moteur. Dans ce dernier cas, le réservoir est avantageusement alimenté en air à partir du carter par un conduit également commandé par un obturateur tournant entraîné en synchronisme avec la rotation du moteur.The air tank can be supplied with pressurized air by a system external to the engine, or by a system internal to the engine. In the latter case, the reservoir is advantageously supplied with air from the casing by a conduit also controlled by a rotary shutter driven in synchronism with the rotation of the engine.

Le bord supérieur de la lumière d'introduction du mélange air-carburant dans la chambre de combustion peut se situer à un même niveau que le bord supérieur de la lumière d'échappement, mais suivant un mode de réalisation préféré, le bord supérieur de la lumière d'introduction se situe à un niveau plus proche de la culasse que le bord supérieur de la lumière d'échappement, de manière que lors de la montée du piston, la chambre de combustion communique encore avec le réservoir d'air et l'augmentation de la pression dans la chambre de combustion entraîne une augmentation de la pression d'air dans le réservoir en vue de l'introduction du mélange air-carburant pendant le cycle suivant.The upper edge of the light for introducing the air-fuel mixture into the combustion chamber may be at the same level as the upper edge of the exhaust light, but according to a preferred embodiment, the upper edge of the introduction light is located closer to the cylinder head than the upper edge of the exhaust light, so that when the piston rises, the combustion chamber still communicates with the air tank and the increasing the pressure in the combustion chamber leads to an increase in the air pressure in the tank for the introduction of the air-fuel mixture during the next cycle.

De préférence, le jet d'air-carburant du dispositif d'alimentation en mélange air-carburant est orienté vers la culasse de manière que ledit jet ne rencontre pas la lumière d'échappement.Preferably, the air-fuel jet of the air-fuel mixture supply device is oriented towards the cylinder head so that said jet does not meet the exhaust lumen.

En se référant à la figure unique du dessin annexé, on va décrire ci-après plus en détail un mode de réalisation illustratif et non limitatif d'un dispositif conforme à l'invention.Referring to the single figure of the accompanying drawing, an illustrative and nonlimiting embodiment of a device according to the invention will be described below in more detail.

Le moteur tel qu'illustré par le dessin est un moteur à explosion fonctionnant selon un cycle à deux temps, du type à balayage par de l'air comprimé dans le carter. On reconnaît sur le dessin un cylindre 1 défini dans un bloc-cylindre 2 surmonté d'une culasse 3 portant une bougie d'allumage 4. Le bloc-cylindre 2 est rapporté sur un carter 5 muni d'une ouverture d'admission d'air 6 et d'un clapet non représenté. Dans le carter 5 tourne un vilebrequin 7 auquel est attelé par une bielle 8 un piston 9 qui est mobile en va-et-vient dans le cylindre 1 et délimite dans ce dernier une chambre de combustion 10 avec la culasse 3.The engine as illustrated in the drawing is an internal combustion engine operating on a two-stroke cycle, of the type scanned by compressed air in the casing. We recognize on the drawing a cylinder 1 defined in a cylinder block 2 surmounted by a cylinder head 3 carrying a spark plug 4. The cylinder block 2 is attached to a casing 5 provided with an air intake opening 6 and a non-flap valve represented. In the casing 5 rotates a crankshaft 7 to which is coupled by a connecting rod 8 a piston 9 which is movable back and forth in the cylinder 1 and delimits in the latter a combustion chamber 10 with the cylinder head 3.

Le cylindre 1 comporte par ailleurs une lumière d'échappement 11 ainsi qu'une lumière de transfert 12 communiquant par un canal de transfert non représenté avec le carter 5, les deux lumières 11 et 12 étant ménagées dans le cylindre 1 de manière à déboucher dans la chambre de combustion 10 à une hauteur telle qu'elles soient complètement dégagées uniquement lorsque le piston 9 se trouve au point mort bas, comme représenté.The cylinder 1 also comprises an exhaust light 11 as well as a transfer light 12 communicating via a transfer channel not shown with the casing 5, the two lights 11 and 12 being formed in the cylinder 1 so as to open into the combustion chamber 10 at a height such that they are completely cleared only when the piston 9 is in bottom dead center, as shown.

Selon l'invention, le moteur tel que décrit ci-dessus comporte par ailleurs un dispositif 13 d'alimentation en mélange air-carburant de la chambre de combustion 10. Ce dispositif 13 comprend un réservoir d'air 14 communiquant par un passage 15 avec le carter 5 ainsi que par une lumière 16 avec le cylindre 1, la lumière 16 se trouvant sensiblement à la même hauteur que la lumière d'échappement 11. Un venturi 17 dans le divergent duquel débouche une arrivée de carburant 18 reliée à une cuve à niveau constant non représentée est monté dans la chambre 13 à l'endroit de la sortie de cette dernière vers la lumière 16. Un obturateur rotatif 19 tournant autour d'un axe parallèle à l'axe du cylindre 1 est monté en rotation à l'intérieur de la chambre 14 de manière à commander la communication entre l'intérieur de la chambre 14 et le cylindre 1. Dans l'exemple représenté, l'obturateur 19 est un obturateur à boisseau dont la paroi cylindrique se trouvant entre le venturi 17 et la lumière 16 comporte une fenêtre 21. L'arbre 20 de l'obturateur 19 porte par ailleurs un autre obturateur rotatif 22 dont la lumière 23 commande la communication entre la chambre 14 et le carter 5 par le conduit 15, ainsi qu'un pignon d'entraînement 24 constitué par un pignon conique en prise avec un pignon conique non représenté d'un arbre qui est parallèle au vilebrequin 7 et est entraîné par ce dernier.According to the invention, the engine as described above also comprises a device 13 for supplying the air-fuel mixture to the combustion chamber 10. This device 13 comprises an air reservoir 14 communicating through a passage 15 with the casing 5 as well as by a light 16 with the cylinder 1, the light 16 being substantially at the same height as the exhaust light 11. A venturi 17 into the divergence of which opens a fuel inlet 18 connected to a tank constant level, not shown, is mounted in the chamber 13 at the point where the latter exits towards the lumen 16. A rotary shutter 19 rotating around an axis parallel to the axis of the cylinder 1 is rotatably mounted at the inside the chamber 14 so as to control the communication between the inside of the chamber 14 and the cylinder 1. In the example shown, the shutter 19 is a plug valve with a cylindrical wall located between the ve nturi 17 and the light 16 has a window 21. The shaft 20 of the shutter 19 also carries another rotary shutter 22 whose light 23 controls the communication between the chamber 14 and the casing 5 via the conduit 15, as well as 'a drive pinion 24 consisting of a bevel gear engaged with a not shown bevel gear of a shaft which is parallel to the crankshaft 7 and is driven by the latter.

Il est à noter dans l'exemple représenté, la lumière d'introduction 16 est disposée de telle manière que son bord inférieur est situé à la hauteur du sommet du piston 9 lorsque ce dernier se trouve au point mort bas et que son bord supérieur est situé à un niveau légèrement au-dessus du bord supérieur de la lumière d'échappement 11. Par ailleurs, la lumière d'introduction 16 se trouve à l'opposé de la lumière d'échappement 11 et le venturi 17 est orienté de façon oblique vers le haut en direction de la culasse 3 de manière à produire un jet qui croise l'axe du cylindre 1 et passe au-dessus de la lumière d'échappement 11.It should be noted in the example shown, the insertion light 16 is arranged in such a way that its lower edge is located at the height of the top of the piston 9 when the latter is in bottom dead center and that its upper edge is located at a level slightly above the upper edge of the exhaust lumen 11. Furthermore, the introductory lumen 16 is opposite the exhaust lumen 11 and the venturi 17 is oriented obliquely upwards towards the cylinder head 3 so as to produce a jet which crosses the axis of the cylinder 1 and passes over the exhaust port 11.

On va décrire ci-après le mode de fonctionnement du moteur tel que défini ci-dessus.The mode of operation of the engine as defined above will be described below.

A partir de la position de point mort bas selon le dessin, le piston 9 se déplace vers la culasse 3 en direction du point mort haut. Pendant cette course de montée du piston, le volume du carter 5 augmente et de l'air est aspiré dans le carter 5 par l'orifice d'admission 6 et le clapet non représenté.From the bottom dead center position according to the drawing, the piston 9 moves towards the cylinder head 3 in the direction of the top dead center. During this piston rise stroke, the volume of the casing 5 increases and air is drawn into the casing 5 through the inlet port 6 and the valve not shown.

Lorsque le piston 9 est arrivé au point mort haut, la bougie d'allumage 4 déclenche la combustion du mélange air-combustible contenu dans la chambre de combustion 10 et sous la poussée des gaz résultant de cette combustion, le piston 9 s'éloigne de la culasse 3 en direction du point mort bas. Pendant cette descente du piston 9, l'air préalablement aspiré dans le carter 5 est comprimé, le clapet non représenté empêchant tout refoulement d'air par l'orifice d'admission 6.When the piston 9 has reached top dead center, the spark plug 4 triggers the combustion of the air-fuel mixture contained in the combustion chamber 10 and under the thrust of the gases resulting from this combustion, the piston 9 moves away from cylinder head 3 towards bottom dead center. During this descent of the piston 9, the air previously sucked into the casing 5 is compressed, the valve not shown preventing any discharge of air through the intake orifice 6.

Pendant ce mouvement de descente, le piston 9 découvre successivement la lumière d'introduction 16, la lumière d'échappement 11 et la lumière de transfert 12. La lumière d'introduction 16 étant encore fermée par l'obturateur 19, les gaz d'échappement sont évacués par la lumière d'échappement 11, ce mouvement étant assisté par l'introduction, par l'orifice de transfert 12, de l'air frais préalablement comprimé dans le carter 5.During this downward movement, the piston 9 successively discovers the introduction light 16, the exhaust light 11 and the transfer light 12. The introduction light 16 is still closed by the shutter 19, the gases of exhaust are evacuated by the exhaust port 11, this movement being assisted by the introduction, via the transfer orifice 12, of fresh air previously compressed in the casing 5.

Pendant ce temps, bien que la lumière d'introduction 16 soit découverte par le piston 9, la communication entre le réservoir d'air 14 et le cylindre 1 reste interrompue par le boisseau 19.During this time, although the insertion light 16 is discovered by the piston 9, the communication between the air reservoir 14 and the cylinder 1 remains interrupted by the plug 19.

Ce n'est qu'après que le piston 9 ait atteint le point mort bas puis commencé son déplacement vers le haut en direction de la culasse 3 que la, fenêtre 21 de l'obturateur 19 vient en regard de la lumière d'introduction 16 et établit ainsi la communication entre le réservoir 14 et le cylindre 1. Sous la pression de l'air dans le réservoir 14, pression qui est supérieure à la pression dans le cylindre 1, la lumière d'échappement 12 n'étant toujours pas fermée, l'air passe du réservoir 14 à travers le venturi 17 en entraînant avec lui le carburant provenant de l'arrivée de carburant 18, ce flux d'air et de carburant étant dirigé vers le haut de la chambre de combustion 10, au-dessus de la lumière d'échappement 11, afin que le minimum de carburant atteigne cette lumière avant sa fermeture par le piston 9.It is only after the piston 9 has reached the bottom dead center and then started its upward movement in the direction of the cylinder head 3 that the window 21 of the shutter 19 comes opposite the introduction light 16 and thus establishes the communication between the reservoir 14 and the cylinder 1. Under the air pressure in the reservoir 14, a pressure which is higher than the pressure in the cylinder 1, the exhaust port 12 still not being closed , the air passes from the reservoir 14 through the venturi 17 carrying with it the fuel coming from the fuel inlet 18, this flow of air and fuel being directed towards the top of the combustion chamber 10, au- above the exhaust port 11, so that the minimum amount of fuel reaches this port before it is closed by the piston 9.

Après la fermeture consécutive la lumière d'échappement 11, la fenêtre 21 et la lumière 16 permettent encore, pendant un court instant, une communication de la chambre de combustion 10 avec le réservoir 14, pour que la pression qui s'accroît dans la chambre de combustion 10 du fait du déplacement vers le haut du piston 9 fasse augmenter la pression de l'air contenu dans le réservoir 14, en vue de l'introduction du carburant au cours du cycle suivant.After the consecutive closing of the exhaust light 11, the window 21 and the light 16 still allow, for a short time, a communication of the combustion chamber 10 with the tank 14, so that the pressure which increases in the chamber combustion 10 due to the upward movement of the piston 9 increases the pressure of the air contained in the tank 14, for the introduction of fuel during the next cycle.

Le piston 9 continue ensuite son déplacement vers le haut en direction de la culasse 3, en comprimant le mélange air-carburant dans la chambre de combustion 10 et en aspirant de l'air dans le carter 5 par l'orifice d'admission 6 et le clapet non représenté.The piston 9 then continues its upward movement in the direction of the cylinder head 3, compressing the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber 10 and sucking air into the casing 5 through the intake port 6 and the valve not shown.

Lorsque le piston 9 atteint le point mort haut, les étapes décrites du cycle se répètent dans le même ordre.When the piston 9 reaches the top dead center, the described steps of the cycle are repeated in the same order.

Il convient de remarquer que le mode de réalisation représenté et décrit n'a été donné qu'à titre d'exemple illustratif et non limitatif et que de nombreuses modifications et variantes sont possible dans le cadre de l'invention.It should be noted that the embodiment shown and described has been given only by way of illustrative and nonlimiting example and that numerous modifications and variants are possible within the scope of the invention.

Ainsi, l'introduction d'air sous pression dans le réservoir 14, au lieu de se faire par un système interne au moteur (transfert dans le réservoir 14 d'une partie de l'air comprimé dans le carter 5), pourrait également se faire par un système externe au moteur.Thus, the introduction of pressurized air into the reservoir 14, instead of being done by a system internal to the engine (transfer in the reservoir 14 of part of the compressed air in the casing 5), could also be done by a system external to the engine.

Au lieu de situer le bord supérieur de la lumière d'introduction 16 au-dessus du bord supérieur de la lumière d'échappement 11, il serait également possible de placer les bords supérieurs de ces deux lumières à la même hauteur, ce qui supprimerait l'augmentation de pression de l'air dans le réservoir 14 lors de la remontée du piston 9.Instead of locating the upper edge of the entry light 16 above the upper edge of the exhaust light 11, it would be also possible to place the upper edges of these two openings at the same height, which would suppress the increase in air pressure in the reservoir 14 when the piston 9 rises.

Par ailleurs, l'obturateur 19 pourrait être un obturateur rotatif autre qu'en forme de boisseau, tournant autour d'un axe autre que parallèle à l'axe du cylindre 1, bien que la disposition décrite et représentée soit particulièrement favorable dans la mesure où elle permet de placer l'obturateur au plus près de la lumière d'introduction 16 et de réaliser le dispositif d'introduction 13 dans son ensemble sous une forme particulièrement compacte.Furthermore, the shutter 19 could be a rotary shutter other than in the form of a plug, rotating around an axis other than parallel to the axis of the cylinder 1, although the arrangement described and shown is particularly favorable in the measurement. where it makes it possible to place the shutter as close as possible to the insertion lumen 16 and to produce the insertion device 13 as a whole in a particularly compact form.

Claims (9)

  1. Air/fuel mixture supply device for a two-stroke internal-combustion engine , of the type with scavenging by compressed air in the casing, comprising at least one cylinder, a piston capable of reciprocating motion in the said cylinder for defining a combustion chamber and a scavenging-air compression casing provided with an air inlet orifice, the cylinder comprising at least one exhaust port , at least one transfer port communicating via a transfer duct with the casing, a port for introduction of an air/fuel mixture into the combustion chamber, towards the end of the scavenging , a rotary closure member (19) driven in synchronism with the rotation of the engine and associated with the port (16) for introduction of the air/fuel mixture into the combustion chamber (10) and an air reservoir (14) supplied with air under a pressure greater than the pressure prevailing in the combustion chamber after opening of the exhaust port (11), characterized in that it furthermore comprises a ventury (17) placed between the said reservoir (14) and the rotary closure member (19), and a fuel feed (18) coming from a constant-level tank and emerging in the divergent cone of the venturi.
  2. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the rotary closure member (19) is placed inside the reservoir (14).
  3. Device according to Claim 2, characterized in that the rotary closure member (19) is a cylindrical slide valve closure member whose axis is parallel to the axis of the cylinder (1) and which includes in its cylindrycal wall a window (21) controlling the communication of the reservoir (14) via the introduction port (16) with the combustion chamber (10).
  4. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air reservoir (14) is supplied with pressurized air by a system external to the engine.
  5. Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the air reservoir (14) is supplied with pressurized air by a system internal to the engine.
  6. Device according to Claim 5, characterized in that the reservoir (14) is supplied with pressurized air from the casing (5) via a conduit (15) controlled by a turning closure member (22) driven in synchronism with the rotation of the engine.
  7. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper edge of the port (16) for introduction of the air/fuel mixture into the combustion chamber (10) lies at the same level as the upper edge of the exhaust port (11).
  8. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the upper edge of the port (16) for introduction of the air/fuel mixture into the combustion chamber (10) lies at a level closer to the cylinder head (3) than the upper edge of the exhaust port (11).
  9. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air/fuel jet of the air/fuel mixture supply device (13) is directed towards the cylinder head (3) so that the said jet does not meet the exhaust port (11).
EP94923771A 1993-08-03 1994-08-02 Fuel-air mixture feed device for a two-stroke internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP0704017B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9309556A FR2708666B1 (en) 1993-08-03 1993-08-03 Device for supplying the air-fuel mixture to a two-stroke internal combustion engine.
FR9309556 1993-08-03
PCT/FR1994/000972 WO1995004212A1 (en) 1993-08-03 1994-08-02 Fuel-air mixture feed device for a two-stroke internal combustion engine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0704017A1 EP0704017A1 (en) 1996-04-03
EP0704017B1 true EP0704017B1 (en) 1997-07-09

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94923771A Expired - Lifetime EP0704017B1 (en) 1993-08-03 1994-08-02 Fuel-air mixture feed device for a two-stroke internal combustion engine

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US (1) US5586525A (en)
EP (1) EP0704017B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH09500943A (en)
CN (1) CN1049948C (en)
AT (1) ATE155208T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69404148T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2105739T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2708666B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1995004212A1 (en)

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AU704849B2 (en) * 1995-09-19 1999-05-06 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Two-cycle internal combustion engine
US5769040A (en) * 1997-04-18 1998-06-23 Christner; Oval F. Two cycle internal combustion engine
JP3778319B2 (en) * 1997-05-24 2006-05-24 本田技研工業株式会社 2-cycle internal combustion engine
FR2780099B1 (en) * 1998-06-22 2001-01-05 Daniel Drecq TWO-STROKE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE HAVING A PARTIAL EXHAUST GAS SUPPLY AND RECIRCULATION DEVICE
US6367432B1 (en) * 1999-05-14 2002-04-09 Kioritz Corporation Two-stroke cycle internal combustion engine
US6427646B2 (en) * 2000-01-27 2002-08-06 Walbro Corporation Small engine fuel injection system
DE102005002275B4 (en) * 2005-01-18 2015-02-05 Andreas Stihl Ag & Co. Kg Method for operating a single-cylinder two-stroke engine
AU2005248964A1 (en) * 2005-02-23 2006-09-07 Techtronic Industries Co., Ltd Two-stroke engine with fuel injection

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2708666A1 (en) 1995-02-10
CN1128555A (en) 1996-08-07
EP0704017A1 (en) 1996-04-03
DE69404148T2 (en) 1998-01-15
JPH09500943A (en) 1997-01-28
WO1995004212A1 (en) 1995-02-09
ATE155208T1 (en) 1997-07-15
DE69404148D1 (en) 1997-08-14
FR2708666B1 (en) 1995-10-13
CN1049948C (en) 2000-03-01
ES2105739T3 (en) 1997-10-16
US5586525A (en) 1996-12-24

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