EP0689636B1 - Clamshell grab for drilling cylindrical holes - Google Patents

Clamshell grab for drilling cylindrical holes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0689636B1
EP0689636B1 EP94911826A EP94911826A EP0689636B1 EP 0689636 B1 EP0689636 B1 EP 0689636B1 EP 94911826 A EP94911826 A EP 94911826A EP 94911826 A EP94911826 A EP 94911826A EP 0689636 B1 EP0689636 B1 EP 0689636B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
frame
grab
supporting
rope
base plate
Prior art date
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Revoked
Application number
EP94911826A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0689636A1 (en
Inventor
Theo Fromme
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Bauer Spezialtiefbau GmbH
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Bauer Spezialtiefbau GmbH
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B11/00Other drilling tools
    • E21B11/04Boring grabs
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/46Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with reciprocating digging or scraping elements moved by cables or hoisting ropes ; Drives or control devices therefor
    • E02F3/47Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with reciprocating digging or scraping elements moved by cables or hoisting ropes ; Drives or control devices therefor with grab buckets
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B11/00Other drilling tools

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a two-bucket gripper for making cylindrical bores in the ground, for example for creating piles as foundation elements for removing high loads, or arranged one behind the other as so-called dissolved or overlapping pile walls, or for sinking well bores and the like. Like uses.
  • DT-OS 20 09 597 Known two-bucket grabs (DT-OS 20 09 597) are equipped with falling and stabbing gripping tools.
  • the blades which are designed as spades, penetrate the soil when falling and take hold of the loosened soil when the blades are closed. (Gripping effect)
  • the conveying capacity depends on an optimal gripping effect and this is among other things influenced by the nature of the soil, whether it is very shear-resistant, cohesive, or sandy or coarse-gravel soils.
  • high groundwater level d. H. when used underwater may do not close the blades by jamming stones between the spade blades, and the filling can be completely or at least partially rinsed out via the gap.
  • the design and position of the bucket pivot bearings also play a role in the gripping effect because this determines the course of the closing curve of the spade blade, which can be tweezer-like or more like a bucket.
  • digging grippers with external bucket swivel bearings and simple scissor linkage translation can still work efficiently in cohesive soils up to approx. 1.3 m in diameter.
  • the lifting movement of the gripper and the closing movement of the blades are based on separate drive types. Therefore, the lifting rope of the excavator can be reeved via a loose roller to reduce the cable pulling force, and thus a smaller, less powerful excavator of conventional size can be selected. In order to achieve good filling levels, however, the grippers must be particularly heavy because the dynamic penetration effect is less due to the hydraulic hose tracking.
  • 10 49 456 was developed according to GB-PS and DE 23 34 591 C2 proposed to clamp radially movable, circumferentially distributed pressure plates to the borehole wall in order to dissipate the vertical forces from the hydraulic locking cylinder.
  • These devices require sensitive drive and control mechanisms, which are very susceptible to failure when used in the ground and sometimes in dirty water. This has already had the consequence that the gripper can no longer release itself from its tension and must be regarded as lost.
  • the complex object of the invention is derived to create a unitary device that can be universally adapted to the very different operating conditions mentioned and can be combined with the most varied and considerably lighter types of excavator and, above all, with the very different soil conditions described can be used with good filling levels.
  • the gripper according to the invention with these features is designed as a hydraulic gripper, and is therefore particularly suitable for those applications such as those mentioned at the outset for this type of gripper.
  • the hydraulic gripper can only be set or dropped from a low height.
  • the vertically directed blade spades can be pushed into the ground under very high contact pressure. This requires a large - and still expandable - dead weight of the gripper body with the gripper blades and is made even more effective by repeated repositioning in connection with an oscillating, rocking, hydraulically controlled closing movement of the blades.
  • This gripper with the mentioned features solves the problem of the invention, namely to create a two-bucket gripper that can be adapted to the respective operating conditions, in that it builds on its basic design with the features of A. and B. from a hydraulic gripper to a two-rope gripper is easily convertible and thereby realizes the core idea of the invention
  • the gripper according to the invention has the great advantage that it can be converted from a hydraulic gripper to a cable gripper - or vice versa - from a cable gripper to a hydraulic gripper by only a few replacement measures.
  • Other essential features of the Execution as a hydraulic gripper can be seen in the fact that a cable pulley or a cable duct with a cable deflection roller is arranged on the crosshead for connection to the excavator and also that a drive cylinder acting on the drive carriage is connected to the crosshead or that one is connected to the drive carriage connected to a closing cable arranged pulley set is connected by a rope reeving with a pulley block, which is connected to the frame base plate with detachable elements.
  • the interchangeable frame crosshead can be provided according to the invention in two forms of training, which are particularly advantageous for working as a rope gripper or as a hydraulic gripper, specifically for hydraulic operation with a loose rope reel for reeving the excavator rope and with connecting means for the drive cylinder and for rope operation a rope deflection roller and with a rope lead-through for the closing and hoisting rope.
  • the frame base plate can also be detachably connected to the frame handles. This is advantageous if the blade bearings are attached directly to the frame base plate.
  • the blade bearings can also be connected to a blade bearing block that is detachably connected to the frame base plate.
  • a special additional weight can be connected to the frame base plate according to a further proposal.
  • Two supporting skids are preferably provided opposite one another; for larger borehole diameters, for example, four support runners can also be useful. If the borehole to be produced remains uncased, the support runners of the gripper can be adjusted in such a way that they guide the gripper along the borehole wall with a small gap.
  • each of the support runners is assigned to the support slide mounted in support brackets on which support springs, which are connected by spring force and which are articulated to the inside of the support runners, are attached.
  • the support runners can be pressed against the pipe wall by the movement of the support rollers with the drive slide, which bear against the support rails.
  • the support rails are articulated with their lower end in the lower region of the support runners and resiliently held in their upper region against the associated support runners against spring pressure and with a concave , the support roller adapted recess.
  • the support rails with their concave recesses hold the support rollers with the drive carriage in the open bucket position despite the slack rope when the open gripper falls from the top position, for example from a height of 5 m, with the two ropes being drummed freely.
  • the support rollers When hitting the bottom of the borehole or before the start When the blades are closed, the support rollers press out of the concave recess of the support rails and exert an outward pressure on the latter - against a spring force - which is transmitted as a pressing force to the support runners and briefly during the penetration of the blade spades blocking the soil against the pipe wall, so that the gripper can only be pushed upwards by friction.
  • This pressure force takes effect automatically as soon as the drive carriage begins its downward movement from its starting position, initiated by the powerful impact of the gripper on the sole, or by actuating the closing rope.
  • the blades can remain in their open position during this first movement phase of the drive carriage if, according to a further feature of the invention, the pull-push linkage is connected to the drive carriage and the blade spades via an axially movable bearing. This allows the drive sled to travel a short distance, overcome the blockage, press the support runners against the drill pipe without exerting pressure on the linkage. Only then, as a result of the further non-positive movement of the drive slide downward, is the blade closing movement initiated under the influence of the tension.
  • the bracing effect can be controlled via the vertical, non-positive movement of the support rollers connected to the drive carriage.
  • the gripper frame "GR" represents the framework of the gripper; part of this frame can be seen as frame 1 in Fig. 2, 4, 5.
  • the blade bearing block 26 is fastened to the frame base plate 2 with the blade pivot bearings 31 of the blades 5, as can be seen from FIG. 3.
  • a centering mandrel 20 inserted into a corresponding bore in the frame base plate 2 serves for exact fixation, which is secured by connecting pull bolts 21.
  • the bearing holes on the blades 5 for the tension and compression linkage 15 are designated; their position is coordinated with the blade pivot bearings 31 such that in the open state the blade spades with teeth 43 are directed vertically downward.
  • the frame crosshead 4 can be removed by loosening the bolt connection (not shown) - see bores 23 - and against another crosshead, preferably the frame crosshead 6 for the cable bushing 46 - see FIG. 7 to 12 - can be replaced.
  • the drive cylinder 13 is anchored in a bore by means of an anchor bolt 25 and connected to the drive carriage 12 by means of a bearing bolt 24, to which the pull-push rod 15 is connected to the bearing points 28.
  • the drive carriage is longitudinally guided on the frame posts 3.
  • a bladder pressure accumulator 44 is provided for the drive cylinder 13, which ensures that the blades remain closed under pressure during the conveying path.
  • a cable pulley 18 and the connections 16 for the hydraulic hose connections are also connected to the frame crosshead 4 as a connecting means between the gripper frame GR and the excavator via a swivel with a pressure bearing 17.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates in a sectional view the frame stems 3 with the frame base plate 2.
  • the additional weight 14 shown in FIG. 6 is detachably connected by means of a bolt connection 19 to a bearing plate 22 which is attached between two frame posts 3.
  • the functionally essential elements are easily detachably and interchangeably connected to the frame, so that a modular system is created.
  • This design of the gripper means that it can be quickly switched from hydraulic to cable operation. In many cases, this option saves having a rope and hydraulic grab available, because depending on the local ground conditions and drilling ⁇ , one or the other grab type is more suitable for use.
  • 7 to 12 relate to rope designs of the gripper according to the invention, as are preferably designed for use in uncased and cased boreholes are.
  • the drive slide 12 for the blade actuation is moved by means of the pull and push linkage 15 through a pulley arrangement.
  • Their embodiment is shown in FIG. 9.
  • This pulley system consists of the deflection roller set 7 in the drive carriage 12 and the rope pulley deflection block 8 with the bearing plate 22 and the closing and pulling rope 9 and 10, through which - in the exemplary embodiment tulip-like - rope leadthrough 46 are guided.
  • the support skids 11 are not movably attached to the frame stems 3 for use in the uncased borehole. They are provided with support rails "A" 34 which are mounted at 35 in the support runners 11 and are resiliently pressed against the support rollers 29 of the drive carriage 12 by means of the compression springs 36 arranged in adjustable abutments 37. In the position of the drive carriage 12 shown in FIG. 7, its support rollers 29 are engaged in the recesses 47 of the support rails 34, and this positive engagement engages the drive carriage 12 with the pull and push linkage 15 during the fall of the gripper onto the bottom of the borehole in it Fixed position so that the opening position of the blades is reliably maintained even when slack rope is formed.
  • the support rollers 29 press the support rail "A" outwards with a short downward movement and roll over the depressions 47 with a further downward movement of the drive carriage 12, so that they rest on the tread sections 48 and 49 run along.
  • FIGS. 10 to 12 show the design and mode of operation of the gripper according to the invention in the rope or hydraulic version in the cased borehole.
  • the support rollers 29 of the drive carriage 12 engages in the recesses 47 of the support rails "B" 40 and as a result the drive carriage 12 is fixed in its upper starting position and the blades 5 remain open despite any slack rope formation.
  • the support rollers 29 disengage from the recesses 47 and press the support runners in the adjoining tread section 50 of the support rails 40 in the direction of the drill pipe 45, so that a short contact pressure thereby is exercised, which clamps the gripper in its contact position via frictional engagement, so that when the shovel spade is pressed into the soil, the gripper experiences a greater counterforce.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)

Abstract

A clamshell grab for making cylindrical holes in the ground, the clamshell sections of which, articulated at the lower end of the grab frame on the clamshell pivots, can be opened and closed by means of push-pullrods, with a rigid grab frame consisting of a base plate (2), four uprights (3), and a main cross-member (4, 6), a driving carriage (12) sliding on the uprights (3) on which the push-pullrod system (15) for moving the clamshell sections (5) pivots, with clamshell pivots (31) releasably fitted on the base plate (2) secured to the uprights (3) and connecting means (18, 30) between the frame and the grab arranged on the main cross-member (4, 6) releasably secured to the uprights (3), and concave supporting rockers (11) articulated on the uprights (3) on at least two opposite sides with an outer profile approximately corresponding to the radius of the hole.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Zweischaufelgreifer zum Herstellen zylindrischer Bohrungen im Erdreich, beispielsweise zum Erstellen von Pfählen als Gründungselemente zum Abtragen hoher Lasten, oder hintereinander angeordnet als sogenannte aufgelöste oder überschnittene Pfahlwände, oder zum Abteufen von Brunnenbohrungen u. dgl. Verwendungen.The invention relates to a two-bucket gripper for making cylindrical bores in the ground, for example for creating piles as foundation elements for removing high loads, or arranged one behind the other as so-called dissolved or overlapping pile walls, or for sinking well bores and the like. Like uses.

Bekannte Zweischaufelgreifer (DT-OS 20 09 597) sind mit fallenden und stechenden Greifwerkzeugen ausgerüstet. Dabei dringen die als Stechspaten ausgebildeten Schaufeln beim Herabfallen in das Erdreich ein und ergreifen beim Schliessen der Schaufeln des gelöste Erdreich. (Greifeffekt)Known two-bucket grabs (DT-OS 20 09 597) are equipped with falling and stabbing gripping tools. The blades, which are designed as spades, penetrate the soil when falling and take hold of the loosened soil when the blades are closed. (Gripping effect)

Die Förderleistung hängt von einem optimalen Greifeffekt ab und diese ist u.a. von der Bodenbeschaffenheit beeinflusst, und zwar, ob es sich um sehr scherfeste, bindige, oder aber um sandige oder grob kiesige Böden handelt. Bei hohem Grundwasserstand d. h. beim Einsatz unter Wasser können u.U. durch Einklemmen von Steinen zwischen den Spatenblättern die Schaufeln nicht schliessen, und über den Spalt kann die Füllung vollständig oder zumindest teilweise wieder ausgespült werden. Auch spielt für den Greifeffekt die Ausbildung und Lage der Schaufel-Schwenklager eine Rolle, weil dadurch der Verlauf der Schliesskurve des Spatenblattes bestimmt wird, die pinzettenartig oder mehr schaufelartig sein kann. Erfahrungsgemäss kann mit Stechgreifern mit aussenliegenden Schaufel-Schwenklagern und einfacher Scherengestänge-Übersetzung in bindigen Böden noch bis ca. 1,3 m Durchmesser leistungsstark gearbeitet werden kann.The conveying capacity depends on an optimal gripping effect and this is among other things influenced by the nature of the soil, whether it is very shear-resistant, cohesive, or sandy or coarse-gravel soils. With high groundwater level d. H. when used underwater may do not close the blades by jamming stones between the spade blades, and the filling can be completely or at least partially rinsed out via the gap. The design and position of the bucket pivot bearings also play a role in the gripping effect because this determines the course of the closing curve of the spade blade, which can be tweezer-like or more like a bucket. Experience has shown that digging grippers with external bucket swivel bearings and simple scissor linkage translation can still work efficiently in cohesive soils up to approx. 1.3 m in diameter.

Der Optimierung der Bemessungsgrössen für diese Faktoren sind bei den bisher bekannten Greifern bauartbestimmte Grenzen gesetzt; die Auftreffenergie und damit die Eindringtiefe sind ferner stark von der Bodenbeschaffenheit abhängig. Wie erwähnt, wird die Eindringtiefe in den Grund stark behindert, wenn das Bohrloch unter Wasser oder einer anderen stützenden Flüssigkeit steht.Optimizing the design parameters for these factors design limits are set for the grippers known to date; the impact energy and thus the penetration depth are also heavily dependent on the nature of the soil. As mentioned, the depth of penetration into the ground is severely hampered when the borehole is under water or other supporting liquid.

Bei Seilgreifern mit Hub- und Schliesseil kann der Stech-und Schliessvorgang mehrfach aufeinanderfolgend wiederholt werden, um die Füllung zu verbessern. Dies ist bei Einseilgreifern nicht möglich; diese schliessen nach dem Auftreffen auf die Sohle ohne Nachfassmöglichkeit.In the case of rope grippers with a lifting and closing rope, the piercing and closing process can be repeated several times in succession in order to improve the filling. This is not possible with single rope grabs; these close after hitting the sole without tracking.

Für grosse Bohrdurchmesser, z.B. 2,0 bis 3,0 m, sind ausserdem sehr hohe Schaufelschliessmomente erforderlich, um den Bohrkern abzutrennen und zu zerspanen. Pinzettenartige Schliessbewegungen etwa von Stechspaten sind in diesen Fällen ungeeignet.For large drilling diameters, e.g. 2.0 to 3.0 m, very high shovel closing torques are also required to separate and cut the core. Tweezer-like closing movements of, for example, spades are unsuitable in these cases.

Hohe Schaufelschliessmomente lassen sich bei Seilgreifern nur über große Greifergewichte realisieren. Diese haben grosse Zugkräfte an der Trommel des Baggers und damit sehr hohe Baggerleistungen und -Gewichte zur Folge. Derartig schwere Bagger sind nur in geringer Zahl verfügbar und ausserdem sehr betriebs- und kostenaufwendig.High bucket closing torques can only be achieved with rope grabs using large gripper weights. This results in high tractive forces on the excavator's drum and thus very high excavator outputs and weights. Such heavy excavators are only available in small numbers and are also very operational and costly.

Bei Hydraulik-Greifern gehen die Hubbewegung des Greifers und die Schliessbewegung der Schaufeln von getrennten Antriebsarten aus. Daher kann das Hubseil des Baggers zur Reduzierung der Seilzugkraft über eine lose Rolle eingeschert, und es kann somit ein kleinerer, leistungsschwächeren Bagger von herkömmlicher Größe gewählt werden. Um gute Füllungsgrade zu erzielen müssen jedoch die Greifer besonders schwer sein, weil der dynamische Einstecheffekt wegen der Hydraulikschlauch-Nachführung geringer ist.In hydraulic grippers, the lifting movement of the gripper and the closing movement of the blades are based on separate drive types. Therefore, the lifting rope of the excavator can be reeved via a loose roller to reduce the cable pulling force, and thus a smaller, less powerful excavator of conventional size can be selected. In order to achieve good filling levels, however, the grippers must be particularly heavy because the dynamic penetration effect is less due to the hydraulic hose tracking.

Um bei reinen Hydraulik-Greifern den Füllungsgrad der Schaufeln zu verbessern, wurde nach der GB-PS 10 49 456 und der DE 23 34 591 C2 vorgeschlagen, radialbewegliche umgangsverteilte Druckplatten an die Bohrlochwand zu verspannen, um die Vertikalkräfte aus dem Hydraulik-Schliesszylinder abzutragen. Diese Vorrichtungen erfordern empfindliche Antriebs- und Steuermechanismen, die beim Einsatz im Erdreich und teilweise im Schmutzwasser sehr störanfällig sind. Das hat schon zur Folge gehabt, dass sich der Greifer aus seiner Verspannung nicht mehr lösen kann und als verloren betrachtet werden muss.In order to improve the degree of filling of the blades in pure hydraulic grippers, 10 49 456 was developed according to GB-PS and DE 23 34 591 C2 proposed to clamp radially movable, circumferentially distributed pressure plates to the borehole wall in order to dissipate the vertical forces from the hydraulic locking cylinder. These devices require sensitive drive and control mechanisms, which are very susceptible to failure when used in the ground and sometimes in dirty water. This has already had the consequence that the gripper can no longer release itself from its tension and must be regarded as lost.

Aus diesen stark abweichenden Gegebenheiten leitet sich die komplexe Aufgabe der Erfindung dahingehend ab, ein einheitliches Gerät zu schaffen, das an die erwähnten sehr unterschiedlichen Einsatzbedingungen universell anpassbar und mit den verschiedensten und erheblich leichteren Baggerbauarten kombinierbar und vor allem auch bei den geschilderten sehr voneinander abweichenden Bodenbeschaffenheiten mit guten Füllungsgraden einsetzbar ist.From these widely differing circumstances, the complex object of the invention is derived to create a unitary device that can be universally adapted to the very different operating conditions mentioned and can be combined with the most varied and considerably lighter types of excavator and, above all, with the very different soil conditions described can be used with good filling levels.

Ausgehend von dem Grundprinzip des Schlitzwandgreifers nach der EP-A-0 412 477 löst die Erfindung die genannte Aufgabe durch Schaffung eines Zweischaufelgreifers zum Herstellen zylindrischer Bohrungen im Erdreich, dessen am unteren Ende des Greiferrahmen an den Schaufel-Schwenklagern angelenkten Greiferschaufeln mittels Zug-Druckgestänges öffen- und schliessbar sind, mit

A.
einen aus einer Rahmen-Grundplatte vier Rahmenstielen und einem Rahmen-Querhaupt gebildeten biegesteifen Greiferrahmen,
B.
an der mit den Rahmenstielen lösbar verbundenen Rahmen-Grundplatte lösbar angebrachten Schaufel-Lagerbock mit Schaufel-Schwenklagern, und mit
C.
an dem mit den Rahmenstielen lösbar verbundenden Rahmen-Querhaupt angeordneten Verbindungsmittel zwischen Greiferrahmen und Bagger,
D.
an den Rahmenstielen an wenigstens zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Seiten gelenkig angeschlossenen schalenförmigen Stützkufen mit einem dem Bohrungsradius etwa entsprechenden Aussenprofil,
E.
einem an den Rahmenstielen gleitgeführten Antriebsschlitten, an dem das Zug-Druckgestänge für die Bewegung der Greiferschaufeln angelenkt ist, und
F.
einem am Antriebsschlitten angreifenden Antriebszylinder, der am lösbaren Rahmen-Querhaupt angeschlossen ist.
Based on the basic principle of the diaphragm wall gripper according to EP-A-0 412 477, the invention achieves the object mentioned by creating a two-bucket gripper for producing cylindrical bores in the ground, the gripper blades of which are articulated at the lower end of the gripper frame on the bucket pivot bearings by means of push-pull rods - and can be closed with
A.
a rigid gripper frame formed from a frame base plate, four frame stems and a frame crosshead,
B.
on the frame base plate which is detachably connected to the frame stems and which is detachably attached to the vane bearing block with vane pivot bearings, and with
C.
on the connecting means between the gripper frame and the excavator which is arranged releasably connected to the frame stems,
D.
on the frame stems on at least two mutually articulated shell-shaped support runners with an outer profile approximately corresponding to the bore radius,
E.
a drive carriage which is slidably guided on the frame stems and on which the pull-push linkage is articulated for the movement of the gripper blades, and
F.
a drive cylinder engaging the drive carriage, which is connected to the detachable frame crosshead.

Der erfindungsgemässe Greifer mit diesen Merkmalen ist als Hydraulikgreifer ausgestaltet, und er ist daher für solche Einsatzfälle besonders geeignet, wie sie eingangs für diese Greiferbauart erwähnt sind. Der Hydraulikgreifer kann nur gesetzt oder aus geringer Höhe fallengelassen werden. Zur Erzielung eines grossen Füllungsgrades können die senkrechtgerichteten Schaufelspaten unter sehr hohem Anpressdruck in das Erdreich geschoben werden, dazu ist ein grosses - und noch vergrösserbares - Eigengewicht des Greiferkörpers mit den Greiferschaufeln erforderlich und wird noch effektiver durch mehrfaches Nachsetzen in Verbindung mit einer oszillierend-wippenden, hydraulisch gesteuerten Schliessbewegung der Schaufeln.The gripper according to the invention with these features is designed as a hydraulic gripper, and is therefore particularly suitable for those applications such as those mentioned at the outset for this type of gripper. The hydraulic gripper can only be set or dropped from a low height. In order to achieve a high degree of filling, the vertically directed blade spades can be pushed into the ground under very high contact pressure. This requires a large - and still expandable - dead weight of the gripper body with the gripper blades and is made even more effective by repeated repositioning in connection with an oscillating, rocking, hydraulically controlled closing movement of the blades.

Durch diesen Greifer mit den genannten Merkmalen wird die Aufgabe der Erfindung, nämlich einen an die jeweiligen Ein) satzbedingungen anpassbaren Zweischaufelgreifer zu schaffen, dadurch gelöst, dass er aufbauend auf seiner Grundbauart mit den Merkmalen zu A. und B. von einem Hydraulikgreifer zu einem Zweiseilgreifer in einfacher Weise umrüstbar ist und dadurch den Kerngedanken der Erfindung verwirklichtThis gripper with the mentioned features solves the problem of the invention, namely to create a two-bucket gripper that can be adapted to the respective operating conditions, in that it builds on its basic design with the features of A. and B. from a hydraulic gripper to a two-rope gripper is easily convertible and thereby realizes the core idea of the invention

Durch diese Umrüstung wird ein Zweiseil-Zweischaufelgreifer zum Herstellen zylindrischer Bohrungen im Erdreich geschaffen, dessen am unteren Ende des Greiferrahmens an den Schaufel-Schwenklagern angelenkte Greiferschaufeln mittels eines Druck- und Zuggestänges öffen- und schliessbar sind, mit

A.
einem aus einer Rahmen-Grundplatte, vier Rahmenstielen und einem lösbaren Rahmen-Querhaupt gebildeten biegesteifen Greiferrahmen, und
B.
an der mit den Rahmenstielen verbundenen Rahmen-Grundplatte lösbar angebrachtem Schaufel-Lagerbock mit Schaufel-Schwenklagern
und mit
C.
an dem mit den Rahmenstielen lösbar verbundenen Rahmen-Querhaupt angeordneter Seileinführung für das Schliesseil und das Hubseil,
D.
an den Rahmenstielen an wenigstens zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Seiten gelenkig angeschlossene schalenförmige Stützkufen mit einem dem Bohrlochradius etwa entsprechenden Aussenprofil,
sowie mit
E.
einem an den Rahmenstielen gleitgeführten Antriebsschlitten angeordneten Umlenkrollensatz , welcher mittels einer Seileinscherung mit einem Seilrollenblock in Verbindung steht, der an der Rahmen-Grundplatte lösbar angeschlossen ist, und
F.
einer am Rahmen-Querhaupt mit der Seileinführung angeordnete Seil-Umlenkwalze für die Seil-Einscherung.
This retrofit creates a two-rope two-bucket gripper for the production of cylindrical bores in the ground, which at the lower end of the gripper frame on the bucket pivot bearings hinged gripper blades can be opened and closed by means of a push and pull linkage, with
A.
a rigid gripper frame formed from a frame base plate, four frame stems and a releasable frame crosshead, and
B.
on the frame base plate, detachably attached to the frame base plate and attached to the frame pedestal, with bucket pivot bearings
and with
C.
on the cable crosshead, which is detachably connected to the frame handles, for the closing rope and the lifting rope,
D.
on the frame stems on at least two opposite sides articulated shell-shaped support runners with an outer profile roughly corresponding to the radius of the borehole,
as well as with
E.
a deflection roller set which is arranged on the frame stems and is guided by a cable reeving and which is connected to a cable roller block which is detachably connected to the frame base plate, and
F.
a cable deflection roller arranged on the frame crosshead with the cable entry for the cable reeving.

Der erfindungsgemässe Greifer hat wegen seiner Grundbauart den grossen Vorteil, dass er durch nur wenige Austauschmassnahmen von einem Hydraulik-Greifer in einen Seilgreifer - oder umgekehrt von einem Seilgreifer in einen Hydraulik-greifer - umrüstbar ist. Weitere wesentliche Merkmale der Ausführung als Hydraulikgreifer sind darin zu sehen, dass am Querhaupt zur Verbindung mit dem Bagger eine Seilrolle oder eine Seildurchführung mit Seil-Umlenkwalze angeordnet ist und ferner dass ein am Antriebsschlitten angreifender Antriebszylinder am Querhaupt angeschlossen ist bzw. dass ein an dem mit einem Schliesseil verbundenden Antriebsschlitten angeordneter Umlenkrollensatz mittels einer Seil-einscherung mit einem Seilrollenblock in Verbindung steht, der an der Rahmen-Grundplatte mit lösbaren Elementen angeschlossen ist.Because of its basic design, the gripper according to the invention has the great advantage that it can be converted from a hydraulic gripper to a cable gripper - or vice versa - from a cable gripper to a hydraulic gripper by only a few replacement measures. Other essential features of the Execution as a hydraulic gripper can be seen in the fact that a cable pulley or a cable duct with a cable deflection roller is arranged on the crosshead for connection to the excavator and also that a drive cylinder acting on the drive carriage is connected to the crosshead or that one is connected to the drive carriage connected to a closing cable arranged pulley set is connected by a rope reeving with a pulley block, which is connected to the frame base plate with detachable elements.

Durch Austausch des Antriebszylinders gegen einen Umlenkrollensatz über dem Antriebsschlitten sowie des Seilrollenblocks, verbunden mit der Rahmen-Grundplatte und entsprechende Einscherung des Schliesseils zum Baggerseil hin, ist die Umrüstung der funktionswesentlichen Elemente durchgeführt.By replacing the drive cylinder with a deflection pulley set above the drive carriage and the cable pulley block, connected to the frame base plate and corresponding reeving of the locking cable towards the excavator cable, the functionally essential elements are converted.

Das austauschbare Rahmen-Querhaupt kann erfindungsgemäss in zwei Ausbildungsweisen bereitgestellt werden, welche für die Arbeitsweise als Seilgreifer oder als Hydraulikgreifer besonders vorteilhaft sind, und zwar für den Hydraulikbetrieb mit einer losen Seilrolle zur Einscherung des Baggerseils sowie mit Verbindungsmitteln für den Antriebszylinder und für den Seilbetrieb mit einer Seil-Umlenkwalze und mit einer Seildurchführung für das Schliess- und Hubseil.The interchangeable frame crosshead can be provided according to the invention in two forms of training, which are particularly advantageous for working as a rope gripper or as a hydraulic gripper, specifically for hydraulic operation with a loose rope reel for reeving the excavator rope and with connecting means for the drive cylinder and for rope operation a rope deflection roller and with a rope lead-through for the closing and hoisting rope.

Nach einem weiteren Merkmal kann auch die Rahmengrundplatte lösbar mit den Rahmenstielen verbunden sein. Dies ist dann vorteilhaft, wenn die Schaufellager unmittelbar an der Rahmengrundplatte angebracht sind. In abgewandelter Ausbildungsweise können die Schaufellager auch an einem mit der Rahmen-Grundplatte lösbar verbundenen Schaufellagerbock verbunden sein.According to a further feature, the frame base plate can also be detachably connected to the frame handles. This is advantageous if the blade bearings are attached directly to the frame base plate. In a modified embodiment, the blade bearings can also be connected to a blade bearing block that is detachably connected to the frame base plate.

Um das Gewicht des Geräts zu steigern, kann nach einem weiteren Vorschlag auf die Rahmen-Grundplatte ein besonderes Zusatzgewicht anschliessbar sein.In order to increase the weight of the device, a special additional weight can be connected to the frame base plate according to a further proposal.

Weitere wesentliche Merkmale beziehen sich auf die Anordnung der Stützkufen und deren Bewegungsfunktionen. Vorzugsweise sind einander gegenüberliegend zwei Stützkufen vorgesehen; bei grösseren Bohrlochdurchmessern können beispielsweise auch vier Stützkufen zweckmässig sein. Wenn das herzustellende Bohrloch unverrohrt bleibt, sind die Stützkufen des Greifers derart einstellbar, dass sie an der Bohrlochwandung unter geringem Zwischenraum entlanggleitend dem Greifer eine Führung geben.Other essential features relate to the arrangement of the support runners and their movement functions. Two supporting skids are preferably provided opposite one another; for larger borehole diameters, for example, four support runners can also be useful. If the borehole to be produced remains uncased, the support runners of the gripper can be adjusted in such a way that they guide the gripper along the borehole wall with a small gap.

Bei der Arbeitsweise mit Verrohrung des Bohrloches können erfindungsgemäss die Stützkufen zum kurzzeitigen Verspannen des Greifers in Querrichtung gegenüber dem Bohrrohr eingesetzt werden. Hierzu ist vorgesehen, dass jeder der Stützkufen zugeordnet und zugerichtet am Antriebsschlitten in Halterungen gelagerte Stütz-Laufrollen angebracht sind, an welchen unter Federkraftwirkung stehende Stützlaufschienen anliegen, die gelenkig an den Innenseiten der Stützkufen angeschlossen sind. Durch die Bewegung der Stütz-Laufrollen mit dem Antriebsschlitten, welche an den Stützlaufschienen anliegen, können die Stützkufen an die Rohrwandung angepresst werden.When working with piping of the borehole, the support runners can be used according to the invention for briefly bracing the gripper in the transverse direction with respect to the drill pipe. For this purpose, it is provided that each of the support runners is assigned to the support slide mounted in support brackets on which support springs, which are connected by spring force and which are articulated to the inside of the support runners, are attached. The support runners can be pressed against the pipe wall by the movement of the support rollers with the drive slide, which bear against the support rails.

Bei der Arbeitsweise als Seilgreifer wird eine bedeutsame funktionelle Verbesserung gegenüber dem Stand der Technik dadurch erreicht, dass die Stützlaufschienen mit ihrem unteren Ende im unteren Bereich der Stützkufen gelenkig gelagert und in ihrem oberen Bereich gegenüber der zugehörigen Stützkufe entgegen einem Federdruck nachgiebig gehalten und mit einer konkaven, der Stützlaufrolle angepassten Vertiefung versehen sind. Die Stützlaufschienen mit ihren konkaven Vertiefungen halten die Stütz-Laufrollen mit dem Antriebsschlitten in geöffneter Schaufelstellung trotz Schlappseil fest, wenn der geöffnete Greifer aus der obersten Position aus beispielsweise 5 m Höhe herunterfällt, wobei die beiden Seile freilaufend abgetrommelt werden. Beim Auftreffen auf die Bohrlochsohle bzw. vor Beginn des Schliessens der Schaufeln drücken sich die Stütz-Laufrollen aus der konkaven Vertiefung der Stützlaufschienen heraus und üben auf letztere einen nach aussen gerichteten Druck - entgegen einer Federkraft - aus, der sich als Anpresskraft auf die Stützkufen überträgt und diese kurzzeitig während des Eindringens der Schaufelspaten in das Erdreich blockierend an die Rohrwandung andrückt, so dass der Greifer nur über Reibschluss nach oben zurückgedrückt werden kann. Diese Andruckkraft wird selbsttätig sofort wirksam, sobald der Antriebsschlitten seine Abwärtsbewegung aus seiner Ausgangsposition beginnt, eingeleitet durch den kräftigen Aufschlag des Greifers aus die Sohle, oder durch Betätigung des Schliessseiles.When working as a rope gripper, a significant functional improvement over the prior art is achieved in that the support rails are articulated with their lower end in the lower region of the support runners and resiliently held in their upper region against the associated support runners against spring pressure and with a concave , the support roller adapted recess. The support rails with their concave recesses hold the support rollers with the drive carriage in the open bucket position despite the slack rope when the open gripper falls from the top position, for example from a height of 5 m, with the two ropes being drummed freely. When hitting the bottom of the borehole or before the start When the blades are closed, the support rollers press out of the concave recess of the support rails and exert an outward pressure on the latter - against a spring force - which is transmitted as a pressing force to the support runners and briefly during the penetration of the blade spades blocking the soil against the pipe wall, so that the gripper can only be pushed upwards by friction. This pressure force takes effect automatically as soon as the drive carriage begins its downward movement from its starting position, initiated by the powerful impact of the gripper on the sole, or by actuating the closing rope.

Die Schaufeln können noch während dieser ersten Bewegungsphase des Antriebsschlittens in ihrer geöffneten Stellung verbleiben, wenn nach einem weiteren Erfindungsmerkmal das Zug-Druckgestänge über ein achsial bewegliches Lager mit dem Antriebsschlitten und den Schaufelspaten angeschlossen ist. Dadurch kann der Antriebs- schlitten einen kurzen Weg zurücklegen, die Blockierung dabei überwinden, die Stützkufen gegen das Bohrrohr drücken ohne dabei Druck auf das Gestänge auszuüben. Erst danach, infolge der weiteren kraftschlüssigen Bewegung des Antriebsschlittens nach unten, wird unter Einfluss der Verspannung die Schaufel-Schliessbewegung eingeleitet.The blades can remain in their open position during this first movement phase of the drive carriage if, according to a further feature of the invention, the pull-push linkage is connected to the drive carriage and the blade spades via an axially movable bearing. This allows the drive sled to travel a short distance, overcome the blockage, press the support runners against the drill pipe without exerting pressure on the linkage. Only then, as a result of the further non-positive movement of the drive slide downward, is the blade closing movement initiated under the influence of the tension.

Durch eine besondere Formgestaltung der Stützlaufschienen kann über den vertikalen, kraftschlüssigen Bewegungsablauf der mit dem Antriebsschlitten verbundenen Stützrollen der Verspannungseffekt gesteuert werden.Due to a special shape of the support rails, the bracing effect can be controlled via the vertical, non-positive movement of the support rollers connected to the drive carriage.

Das kann sich beispielsweise so auswirken, dass zu Anfang der Schaufelschliessbewegung der Reibungswiderstand am grössten ist, aber im weiteren Schliessbewegungsablauf abfällt wenn die Schaufeln in die Schliessphase übergehen.This can have the effect, for example, that the frictional resistance is greatest at the beginning of the blade closing movement, but decreases in the further closing movement sequence when the blades move into the closing phase.

Aus dem Kräftebild eines Schaufelgreifers ist zu erkennen, dass zu Anfang eines Schliessvorgangs die senkrecht gerichteten Schneidenkräfte mit zunehmendem Schliessweg bogenförmig in eine fast Horizontale übergehen. Daraus ergibt sich, dass auch zu Anfang die Gegenkraft, gebildet aus dem Eigengewicht und zusätzlich aus der dem Patentmerkmal zugeordneten Aktivierung einer Reibungskraft, am grössten sein muss.From the force picture of a bucket gripper it can be seen that at the beginning of a closing process the vertically directed cutting forces turn into an almost horizontal curve as the closing path increases. It follows from this that the counterforce, formed from the dead weight and additionally from the activation of a frictional force assigned to the patent feature, must also be greatest at the beginning.

Es zeigen

Fig. 1
den erfindungsgemässen Greifer in Hydraulikausführung,
Fig. 2
das Rahmengestell des Greifers nach Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
den Schaufelsatz des Greifers nach Fig. 1,
Fig. 4
das Rahmen-Querhaupt des Greifers nach Fig. 1,
Fig. 5
einen Schnitt A-A' durch das Rahmengestell (Fig. 2),
Fig. 6
das Zusatzgewicht nach Fig. 1,
Fig. 7
den erfindungsgemässen Greifer mit Seil-Einscherung im unverrohrten Bohrloch mit geöffneten Schaufeln, und blockiertem Antriebsschlitten,
Fig. 8
den Greifer nach Fig. 7 mit geschlossenen Schaufeln, und entblockiertem Antriebsschlitten,
Fig. 9
als Einzelheit nach Fig. 7: die Seil-Einscherung mit Antriebsschlitten und Seilrollen-Umlenkblock,
Fig. 10
eine Teilansicht des Greifers nach Fig. 7 im verrohrten Bohrloch mit blockiertem Antriebsschlitten,
Fig. 11
den Greifer nach Fig. 7 oder Fig. 1 im verrohrten Bohrloch mit entblockiertem Antriebsschlitten, und Verspannung über Stützkufen,
Fig. 12
den Greifer nach Fig. 11 in der Schliessphase der Schaufeln, mit gelöster Verspannung zurückgeschwenkten Stützkufen.
Show it
Fig. 1
the gripper according to the invention in hydraulic design,
Fig. 2
the frame of the gripper according to Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
1 the blade set of the gripper according to FIG. 1,
Fig. 4
the frame crosshead of the gripper of Fig. 1,
Fig. 5
a section AA 'through the frame (Fig. 2),
Fig. 6
the additional weight of FIG. 1,
Fig. 7
the gripper according to the invention with rope reeving in the uncased borehole with open blades and blocked drive carriage,
Fig. 8
7 with closed blades and unblocked drive carriage,
Fig. 9
as a detail according to FIG. 7: the rope reeving with drive carriage and rope roller deflection block,
Fig. 10
7 is a partial view of the gripper according to FIG. 7 in the cased borehole with the drive carriage blocked,
Fig. 11
7 or Fig. 1 in the cased borehole with unblocked drive carriage, and bracing via support runners,
Fig. 12
11 in the closing phase of the blades, with the support skids pivoted back with released tension.

Aus den Fig. 1 bis 6 des dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Hydraulikgreifers sind wesentliche erfindungsgemässe Merkmale zu entnehmen. Der Greiferrahmen "GR" stellt das Gerüst des Greifers dar; ein Teil dieses Rahmens ist als Rahmengestell 1 in Fig. 2, 4, 5 zu erkennen. Mit 2 ist die Rahmen-Grundplatte, mit 3 die Rahmenstiele und mit 4 das Rahmenquerhaupt bezeichnet, die zusammen den biegesteifen Greiferrahmen "GR" bilden. An der Rahmen-Grundplatte 2 ist der Schaufellagerbock 26 mit den Schaufel-Schwenklagern 31 der Schaufeln 5 befestigt, wie aus Fig. 3 ersichtlich. Am Schaufellagerbock 26 dient ein in eine entsprechende Bohrung der Rahmen-Grundplatte 2 eingesetzter Zentrierdorn 20 der exakten Fixierung, die durch Verbindungs-Zugbolzen 21 gesichert ist. Mit 27 sind die Lagerbohrungen an den Schaufeln 5 für das Zug- und Druckgestänge 15 bezeichnet; deren Lage ist mit den Schaufelschwenklagern 31 derart abgestimmt, dass im geöffneten Zustand die Schaufelspaten mit Zähnen 43 senkrecht nach unten gerichtet sind.1 to 6 of the illustrated embodiment of a hydraulic gripper, essential features according to the invention can be seen. The gripper frame "GR" represents the framework of the gripper; part of this frame can be seen as frame 1 in Fig. 2, 4, 5. With 2 the frame base plate, with 3 the frame stems and with 4 the frame cross head, which together form the rigid gripper frame "GR". The blade bearing block 26 is fastened to the frame base plate 2 with the blade pivot bearings 31 of the blades 5, as can be seen from FIG. 3. On the vane bearing block 26, a centering mandrel 20 inserted into a corresponding bore in the frame base plate 2 serves for exact fixation, which is secured by connecting pull bolts 21. With 27 the bearing holes on the blades 5 for the tension and compression linkage 15 are designated; their position is coordinated with the blade pivot bearings 31 such that in the open state the blade spades with teeth 43 are directed vertically downward.

Wie in Fig. 4 dargestellt ist, kann das Rahmen-Querhaupt 4 durch Lösen der nicht näher dargestellten Bolzenverbindung - siehe Bohrungen 23 - nach oben entnommen und gegen ein anderes Querhaupt, vorzugsweise das Rahmen-Querhaupt 6 für die Seildurchführung 46 - siehe Fig. 7 bis 12 - ausgetauscht werden. In einer Bohrung ist mittels eines Ankerbolzens 25 der Antriebszylinder 13 verankert und mittels eines Lagerbolzens 24 mit dem Antriebsschlitten 12 verbunden, an welchem das Zug-Druckgestänge 15 an den Lagerstellen 28 angeschlossen ist. Der Antriebsschlitten ist an den Rahmenstielen 3 längsgeführt. In Verbindung mit dem hydraulischen Antriebszylinder 13 ist ein Blasen-Druckspeicher 44 vorgesehen, der sicherstellt, dass während des Förderweges die Schaufeln druckbelastet geschlossen bleiben.As shown in FIG. 4, the frame crosshead 4 can be removed by loosening the bolt connection (not shown) - see bores 23 - and against another crosshead, preferably the frame crosshead 6 for the cable bushing 46 - see FIG. 7 to 12 - can be replaced. The drive cylinder 13 is anchored in a bore by means of an anchor bolt 25 and connected to the drive carriage 12 by means of a bearing bolt 24, to which the pull-push rod 15 is connected to the bearing points 28. The drive carriage is longitudinally guided on the frame posts 3. In connection with the hydraulic A bladder pressure accumulator 44 is provided for the drive cylinder 13, which ensures that the blades remain closed under pressure during the conveying path.

Am Rahmen-Querhaupt 4 sind ausserdem als Verbindungsmittel zwischen Greiferrahmen GR und Bagger über einen Drehwirbel mit Drucklager 17 eine Seilrolle 18 angeschlossen und ferner die Anschlüsse 16 für die Hydraulik-Schlauchverbindungen.A cable pulley 18 and the connections 16 for the hydraulic hose connections are also connected to the frame crosshead 4 as a connecting means between the gripper frame GR and the excavator via a swivel with a pressure bearing 17.

Fig. 5 veranschaulicht in einer Schnittdarstellung die Rahmenstiele 3 mit der Rahmen-Grundplatte 2.5 illustrates in a sectional view the frame stems 3 with the frame base plate 2.

Das in Fig. 6 dargestellte Zusatzgewicht 14 ist mittels einer Bolzenverbindung 19 lösbar mit einem Lagerblech 22 verbunden, welches zwischen zwei Rahmenstielen 3 angebracht ist.The additional weight 14 shown in FIG. 6 is detachably connected by means of a bolt connection 19 to a bearing plate 22 which is attached between two frame posts 3.

Mit 11 sind zwei einander gegenüberliegende Stützkufen bezeichnet, die an den Rahmenstielen 3 in nicht näher dargestellter Weise befestigt sind; sie können radial verstellbar ausgebildet sein.With 11 two opposing support runners are designated, which are attached to the frame posts 3 in a manner not shown; they can be designed to be radially adjustable.

Wie aus Vorstehendem in Verbindung mit den Darstellungen deutlich wird, sind die funktionswesentlichen Elemente in einfacher Weise lös- und austauschbar mit dem Rahmengestell verbunden, so dass ein baukastenartiges System geschaffen wird. Durch diese Ausbildungsweise des Greifers kann dieser rasch von Hydraulikbetrieb auf Seilbetrieb umgestellt werden. Diese Möglichkeit erspart in vielen Fällen die Bereithaltung von je einem Seil- und Hydraulikgreifer, weil in Abhängigkeit von den örtlichen Baugrundverhältnissen und Bohr-φ der eine oder andere Greifertyp einsatzgünstiger ist.As is clear from the above in connection with the illustrations, the functionally essential elements are easily detachably and interchangeably connected to the frame, so that a modular system is created. This design of the gripper means that it can be quickly switched from hydraulic to cable operation. In many cases, this option saves having a rope and hydraulic grab available, because depending on the local ground conditions and drilling φ, one or the other grab type is more suitable for use.

Die Fig. 7 bis 12 beziehen sich auf Seil-Ausführungen des erfindungsgemässen Greifers, wie sie vorzugsweise für den Einsatz im unverrohrten und im verrohrten Bohrloch ausgebildet sind.7 to 12 relate to rope designs of the gripper according to the invention, as are preferably designed for use in uncased and cased boreholes are.

Wie aus den Fig. 7 und 8 ersichtlich ist, wird der Antriebsschlitten 12 für die Schaufelbetätigung mittels des Zug-und Druckgestänges 15 durch eine Flaschenzuganordnung bewegt. Deren Ausbildungsweise geht aus Fig. 9 hervor. Dieser Flaschenzug besteht aus dem Umlenkrollensatz 7 im Antriebsschlitten 12 und dem mit dem Lagerblech 22 Seilrollen-Umlenkblock 8 und dem Schliess- und dem Zugseil 9 und 10, durch die - im Ausführungsbeispiel tulpenartige - Seildurchführung 46 geleitet sind.As can be seen from FIGS. 7 and 8, the drive slide 12 for the blade actuation is moved by means of the pull and push linkage 15 through a pulley arrangement. Their embodiment is shown in FIG. 9. This pulley system consists of the deflection roller set 7 in the drive carriage 12 and the rope pulley deflection block 8 with the bearing plate 22 and the closing and pulling rope 9 and 10, through which - in the exemplary embodiment tulip-like - rope leadthrough 46 are guided.

Bei Ausbildungsweise nach den Fig. 7 und 8 sind die Stützkufen 11 für den Einsatz im unverrohrten Bohrloch nicht beweglich an den Rahmenstielen 3 befestigt. Sie sind mit Stützlaufschienen "A" 34 versehen, die bei 35 in den Stützkufen 11 gelagert und mittels der in verstellbaren Widerlagern 37 angeordneten Druckfedern 36 nachgiebig gegen die Stützaufrollen 29 des Antriebsschlittens 12 angedrückt sind. In der in Fig. 7 gezeigten Stellung des Antriebsschlittens 12 sind dessen Stützlaufrollen 29 in den Vertiefungen 47 der Stützlaufschienen 34 eingerastet, und durch diese formschlüssige Einrastung wird der Antriebsschlitten 12 mit dem Zug- und Druckgestänge 15 während des Herabfallens des Greifers auf den Bohrlochgrund in seiner Lage fixiert, so dass die öffnungsstellung der Schaufeln auch bei Schlaffseilbildung zuverlässig erhalten bleibt. Beim Aufschlag des Greifers auf die Sohle bzw. bei Beginn des Schliessvorganges drücken die Stützlaufrollen 29 bei einer kurzen Abwärtsbewegung die Stützlaufschiene "A" nach aussen und überrollen bei weiterer Abwärtsbewegung des Antriebsschlittens 12 die Vertiefungen 47, so dass sie an den Laufflächen-Abschnitten 48 und 49 entlanglaufen.In the embodiment according to FIGS. 7 and 8, the support skids 11 are not movably attached to the frame stems 3 for use in the uncased borehole. They are provided with support rails "A" 34 which are mounted at 35 in the support runners 11 and are resiliently pressed against the support rollers 29 of the drive carriage 12 by means of the compression springs 36 arranged in adjustable abutments 37. In the position of the drive carriage 12 shown in FIG. 7, its support rollers 29 are engaged in the recesses 47 of the support rails 34, and this positive engagement engages the drive carriage 12 with the pull and push linkage 15 during the fall of the gripper onto the bottom of the borehole in it Fixed position so that the opening position of the blades is reliably maintained even when slack rope is formed. When the gripper strikes the sole or at the start of the closing process, the support rollers 29 press the support rail "A" outwards with a short downward movement and roll over the depressions 47 with a further downward movement of the drive carriage 12, so that they rest on the tread sections 48 and 49 run along.

Demgegenüber zeigen die Fig. 10 bis 12 die Ausbildungs- und Arbeitsweise des erfindungsgemässen Greifers in Seil- oder Hydraulikausführung im verrohrten Bohrloch. In der in Fig. 10 gezeigten Stellung sind die Stützlaufrollen 29 des Antriebsschlittens 12 in den Vertiefungen 47 der Stützlaufschienen "B" 40 eingerastet und dadurch ist der Antriebsschlitten 12 in seiner oberen Ausgangsstellung fixiert und die Schaufeln 5 bleiben trotz eventueller Schlaffseilbildung geöffnet. Sobald beim Aufsetzen auf die Bohrsohle die Schliessbewegung des Antriebsschlittens 12 einsetzt, rasten die Stützlaufrollen 29 aus den Vertiefungen 47 aus und drücken in dem anschliessenden Laufflächen-Abschnitt 50 der Stützlaufschienen 40 die Stützkufen in Richtung auf das Bohrrohr 45 an, so dass dadurch kurzzeitig eine Anpresskraft ausgeübt wird, die den Greifer in seiner Aufsetzlage über Reibschluss verspannt, sodass beim Eindrücken der Schaufelspaten in das Erd- reich der Greifer eine grössere Gegenkraft erfährt.In contrast, FIGS. 10 to 12 show the design and mode of operation of the gripper according to the invention in the rope or hydraulic version in the cased borehole. In the position shown in Fig. 10 are the support rollers 29 of the drive carriage 12 engages in the recesses 47 of the support rails "B" 40 and as a result the drive carriage 12 is fixed in its upper starting position and the blades 5 remain open despite any slack rope formation. As soon as the closing movement of the drive carriage 12 begins when it is placed on the drilling base, the support rollers 29 disengage from the recesses 47 and press the support runners in the adjoining tread section 50 of the support rails 40 in the direction of the drill pipe 45, so that a short contact pressure thereby is exercised, which clamps the gripper in its contact position via frictional engagement, so that when the shovel spade is pressed into the soil, the gripper experiences a greater counterforce.

Auch durch diese Vorkehrungen wird ein verbesserter Füllgrad der Schaufeln erreicht; besonders dann, wenn die zuletzt geschilderten Vorgänge häufiger hintereinander wiederholt werden.These precautions also achieve an improved degree of filling of the blades; especially if the last described processes are repeated more often in succession.

Claims (13)

  1. Clamshell grab for drilling cylindrical holes into the ground of which the clamshells have been hinged to the swivel bearings located at the lower end of the grab frame (GR) and can be opened and closed by means of a press/draw rod assembly, comprising
    A.   a rigid grab frame (GR) composed of a base plate (2), four frame columns (3) and a frame crosshead (4), and
    B.   a swivel fixed pivot bracket (26) with swivel bearings (31), detachably mounted to the base plate (2) connected with the frame columns (3),
    characterized by
    C.   connecting elements (18) between grab frame (GR) and excavator, arranged at the frame crosshead (4) detachably linked to the frame columns (3),
    D.   shell-type supporting skids (11) hinged to the frame columns (3) on at least two opposite sides and having an outside profile which approximately corresponds to the radius of the drill hole,
    E.   a driving rider (12), sliding at the frame columns (3), to which the press/draw rod assembly (15) for the movement of the clamshells (5) has been hinged,
    F.   a drive cylinder (13) acting on the driving rider (12) and being fixed to the detachable frame crosshead (4),
  2. Clamshell grab for drilling cylindrical holes into the ground of which the clamshells have been hinged to the swivel bearings located at the lower end of the grab frame (GR) and can be opened and closed by means of a press/draw rod assembly, comprising
    A.   a rigid grab frame (GR) consisting of a base plate (2), four frame columns (3) and a removable frame crosshead (6), and
    B.   a swivel fixed pivot bracket (26) with swivel bearings (31), detachably fixed to the base plate (2) connected with the frame columns (3),
    characterized by
    C.   a rope entrance (46) for the closing rope (9) and the lifting rope (10), arranged at the frame crosshead (6) which has detachably been connected to the frame columns (3),
    D.   shell-type supporting skids (11) hinged to the frame columns (3), on at least two opposite sides, with an outside profile nearly matching the drill hole radius,
    E.   a set of deflection rollers (7), located at the driving rider (12) linked to a closing rope (9), which has been connected with a rope roller block (8) using rope reeving, this block being detachably fixed to the frame base plate (2),
    F.   a rope deflection roller (30) for reeving, arranged at the frame crosshead (6) with rope entrance (46).
  3. Grab according to claim 1, characterized in that a rope roller (18) has been arranged at the cross-head (4) by means of a joint and a pivot bearing (17) to ensure the connection with the excavator.
  4. Grab according to claim 1, characterized by a frame crosshead (4) with flexible hydraulic hose connections (16) and connecting elements (25) for the drive cylinder (13).
  5. Grab according to claim 1, characterized in that an additional weight (14) can be fixed to the frame base plate (2).
  6. Grab according to claim 2, characterized in that the upper rod ends of the press/draw rod assembly (15) are located in bearing points (41) at the driving rider (12), these points allowing a vertical shifting.
  7. Grab according to claim 1, characterized in that instead of the vertical displacement of the bearing point (41), a shifting within the press/draw rod assembly (15) will be possible (telescope).
  8. Grab according to claim 2, characterized in that supporting rollers (29), lodged in mountings of the driving rider (12), assigned and adjusted to each supporting skid (11), have been installed to which fit the supporting runners (34, 40) being under the power of the pressure spring (26) and having been hinged to the inner sides of the supporting skids (11) by means of the bearings (35).
  9. Grab according to claim 8, characterized in that the lower end of the supporting runners (34, 40) has been hinged to the lower reach of the supporting skids (11) and in their upper reach, the supporting runners are flexibly held, opposite to the pertaining supporting skid (11), against spring pressure, and they have been provided with a concave recess (47) adjusted to the supporting roller (29).
  10. Grab according to claim 9, characterized in that the supporting runners 'A' (34) show a bearing face section (48) starting at the recess (47) and destined for the supporting roller (29), said section being bent off towards the supporting skid (11) and changing into a further section (49) running almost parallel to the frame column.
  11. Grab according to claim 10, characterized in that the supporting runners 'B' (40) show a bearing face section (50) for the supporting roller (29), this section starting at the recess (47) and running nearly parallel to the frame column (3), followed by a further bearing face section (51) which has been bent off towards the supporting skid (39).
  12. Grab according to claim 9, characterized in that the supporting skids (39) can horizontally be swung towards the exterior by the pivot bearing (38).
  13. Grab according to claim 8, characterized in that, after ending the tensioning effect, the supporting skids (39) will be pressed back, parallel to the columns (3), by a counterspring (42).
EP94911826A 1993-03-23 1994-03-19 Clamshell grab for drilling cylindrical holes Revoked EP0689636B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4309269 1993-03-23
DE4309269A DE4309269A1 (en) 1993-03-23 1993-03-23 Two-bucket gripper for making cylindrical bores
PCT/DE1994/000307 WO1994021884A1 (en) 1993-03-23 1994-03-19 Clamshell grab for drilling cylindrical holes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0689636A1 EP0689636A1 (en) 1996-01-03
EP0689636B1 true EP0689636B1 (en) 1997-06-04

Family

ID=6483538

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94911826A Revoked EP0689636B1 (en) 1993-03-23 1994-03-19 Clamshell grab for drilling cylindrical holes

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0689636B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2719611B2 (en)
KR (1) KR0177262B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1046987C (en)
DE (2) DE4309269A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1994021884A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2765257B1 (en) * 1997-06-25 1999-09-03 Bachy IMPROVED CABLE EXCAVATOR
ES2160081B1 (en) * 1999-12-16 2002-06-01 Codina Juan Vicente Herrero SPOON FOR EXCAVATING MACHINES OF WALL SCREENS AND RECTANGULAR PILOTS, AND MACHINE GIVEN WITH SUCH SPOON.
CN101440626B (en) * 2007-11-22 2010-12-22 北京市三一重机有限公司 Swing type deviation rectifying apparatus
CN101440624B (en) * 2007-11-22 2011-01-19 北京市三一重机有限公司 Self-adjusting guide means
CN103205990B (en) * 2013-04-18 2015-11-11 大连大金马基础建设有限公司 Dynamic impact hydraulic pressure gripping-type drawing out soil equipment
CN103485381A (en) * 2013-09-09 2014-01-01 浙江鼎业基础工程有限公司 Percussive grabbing machine
JP6087794B2 (en) * 2013-11-20 2017-03-01 山本基礎工業株式会社 Hammer grab
CN107989095A (en) * 2017-12-15 2018-05-04 中科纳达新材料(广西)有限公司 A kind of pit digging device for building lot
CN114084663B (en) * 2021-11-12 2024-04-02 洛阳万基金属钠有限公司 Metal sodium rod grabbing mechanism

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1070375B (en) * 1976-12-30 1985-03-29 Casagrande & C Spa REFINEMENTS FOR BUCKETS WITH VALVES LOCKED, IN INTERNAL POSITION AND BUCKETS SO PERFECTED
DE3615068C1 (en) * 1986-05-03 1987-10-08 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag Rope-guided trench-wall grab
CN1012220B (en) * 1987-08-03 1991-03-27 西安石油学院 Suspension type eddy seismonmeter
DE3933866A1 (en) * 1989-08-05 1991-04-11 Fromme Theo FORCED GUIDE SLOTWALL GRIPPER

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59403029D1 (en) 1997-07-10
KR960701280A (en) 1996-02-24
DE4309269A1 (en) 1994-09-29
KR0177262B1 (en) 1999-02-18
JPH08506394A (en) 1996-07-09
JP2719611B2 (en) 1998-02-25
CN1119884A (en) 1996-04-03
CN1046987C (en) 1999-12-01
EP0689636A1 (en) 1996-01-03
WO1994021884A1 (en) 1994-09-29

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