EP0658182A1 - Aminfreie kühlschmierstoffe. - Google Patents

Aminfreie kühlschmierstoffe.

Info

Publication number
EP0658182A1
EP0658182A1 EP93919222A EP93919222A EP0658182A1 EP 0658182 A1 EP0658182 A1 EP 0658182A1 EP 93919222 A EP93919222 A EP 93919222A EP 93919222 A EP93919222 A EP 93919222A EP 0658182 A1 EP0658182 A1 EP 0658182A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling lubricants
acids
acid
water
cooling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93919222A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0658182B1 (de
Inventor
Carsten Friese
Hans-Peter Oelscher
Herbert Lingmann
Udo Juentgen
Bernadette Munck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Henkel AG and Co KGaA filed Critical Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Publication of EP0658182A1 publication Critical patent/EP0658182A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0658182B1 publication Critical patent/EP0658182B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
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    • C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
    • C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
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    • C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
    • C10M101/04—Fatty oil fractions
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    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M105/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms monohydroxy
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    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M105/14—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms polyhydroxy
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    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/18—Ethers, e.g. epoxides
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    • C10M129/32—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 7 or less carbon atoms monocarboxylic
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    • C10N2040/242—Hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/243—Cold working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to amine-free cooling lubricants for metalworking, containing base oils, emulsifiers, solubilizers and corrosion protection additives.
  • Cooling lubricants are preparations / mixtures that are used in metal cutting and metal forming to cool and lubricate the workpieces.
  • the most important machining processes which differ in the type of movements that the machined part and tool perform and in the geometry of the parts to be manufactured, are called milling, turning, drilling and grinding as machining processes, as well as rolling, deep drawing and cold extrusion as non-cutting deformations .
  • the common principle of metal-cutting processes is that the tool cutting edge engages in the material, thereby lifting a chip off the surface and creating a new surface. Very high pressures are required to break up the material. The deformation of the chip and the friction occurring under the pressure generate heat which heats up the workpiece, the tool and, above all, the chips.
  • the desired effect of using cooling lubricants is therefore the lowering of the temperature that would otherwise occur in the chips. B. could rise to 1000 ° C, and which has an influence on the dimensional accuracy of the parts produced.
  • Another main task of cooling lubricants is to increase the tool life improve that wear out quickly under the influence of high temperature.
  • the use of a cooling lubricant reduces the roughness of the surfaces, since the lubricant prevents welding of the tool and workpiece surface and prevents particles from sticking.
  • the cooling lubricant takes on the task of removing the chips formed. This is particularly important for mass production.
  • Cooling lubricants are normally used in a circulation process, i. H. In the simplest case, the use of cooling lubricants on a single machine, the machine has a container for the cooling lubricant.
  • Water-mixed cooling lubricants are produced by the user by mixing a concentrate, the water-miscible cooling lubricant, with process water. As a rule, approximately 5% aqueous emulsions are produced.
  • the advantage of this type of cooling lubricant is the good cooling effect, which is based on the thermal properties of the water. The good cooling effect makes it possible to achieve very high working speeds and thus to increase the productivity of machines.
  • the lubricating effect of the water-mixed cooling lubricants is sufficient for most machining processes in metal-cutting manufacturing. Another benefit is the low cost of mixing the concentrate can be achieved with water.
  • the disadvantage of water-mixed cooling lubricants is that they are sensitive to attack by microorganisms and therefore require more control and care.
  • Cooling lubricants are used today for almost all types of machining. In addition to the requirement for rust protection for the machines and for machined parts made of iron alloys, it is also required that non-ferrous metals are not attacked.
  • the cooling lubricants must be well tolerated by the skin, since the machine operators often come into direct contact with the liquid. No disturbing foam may arise during the circulation of the cooling lubricant, and the painting and the seals of the machine may not be attacked.
  • Emulsion stability which has an influence on almost all other properties of the cooling lubricant, is of particular importance, at least after a longer period of use. It is also required that residues of the cooling lubricant do not stick to the machine, that the cooling lubricants can be easily mixed with water, that the smell and appearance are pleasant and that the usual filter devices are not impaired by the cooling lubricant.
  • the requirements for the rust protection effect of cooling lubricants are particularly high, since after processing with cooling lubricants, drying is generally not possible.
  • the parts are normally placed wet in boxes and should not rust even when wet.
  • the test with cast chips according to DIN 51360/2 is often used in the development and also in the control of solutions in practical use.
  • the rust protection effect of the cooling lubricants is influenced by a number of factors. So the quality of the water used for the mixture has a great influence. The water hardness, but above all chlorides and sulfates, worsen the rust protection effect of the solution. To make matters worse when cooling lubricants are used for a long time, the concentration of the salts rises constantly, since parts of the emulsion evaporate and the losses are replenished with saline water.
  • Non-water-miscible and water-miscible cooling lubricants are often based on mineral oil.
  • the mineral oil qualities used are predominantly combinations of paraffinic, naphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds.
  • so-called synthetic lubricants such as Polyolefins, polyalkylene glycols and glycol ethers, natural ester oils and synthetic esters and their derivatives.
  • the water-miscible cooling lubricants must contain various components in addition to the base oil.
  • the most important substance groups are the emulsifiers, corrosion protection additives, biocides, EP additives, polar additives, anti-fog additives, anti-aging substances, solid lubricant additives and defoamers.
  • Emulsifiers eg surfactants, petroleum sulfonates, alkali soaps, alkanolamine soaps
  • Emulsifiers stabilize the fine distribution of oil droplets in the aqueous working fluid, which is an oil-in-water emulsion.
  • the emulsifiers represent an important group of additives for water-miscible cooling lubricants.
  • Usual corrosion protection additives eg alkanolamines and their salts, sulfonates, organic boron compounds, fatty acid amides, aminodicarboxylic acids, phosphoric acid esters, thiophosphonic acid esters, dialkyldithiophosphates, mono- and dialkylarylsulfonates, benzotriazoles, polyisobutene succinic acid derivatives of metal surfaces
  • nitrite was often used as a corrosion protection agent, but today it is frowned upon because of its toxicity and environmental damage, especially because of the risk of carcinogenic nitrosamines.
  • Some corrosion protection additives also have emulsifying properties and are therefore also used as emulsifiers.
  • Biocides e.g. phenol derivatives, formaldehyde derivatives, Kathon MW
  • EP additives e.g. sulfurized fats and oils, phosphorus-containing compounds, organochlorine compounds
  • Polar additives e.g. natural fats and oils, synthetic esters
  • Anti-aging agents e.g. organic sulfides, zinc dithiophosphates, aromatic amines
  • alkanolamines and alkanolamine derivatives which are used as corrosion protection additives in a large number of water-miscible cooling lubricants.
  • carboxylic acids their good buffer capacity guarantees that the aqueous use emulsions have a certain pH constant.
  • the constancy of pH is of particular importance with regard to emulsion stability and rust protection. Reaction products of alkanolamines with boric acid inhibit growth on bacteria and mold and therefore improve the service life of cooling lubricants.
  • alkanolamines and alkanolamine derivatives are used in practice with nitrosating substances, e.g. B. bacterially formed nitrite or nitrogen oxides in the air, can react and be converted into nitrosamines.
  • nitrosodiethanolamine NDELA
  • NDELA nitrosodiethanolamine
  • nitrosamines can trigger cancer in various organs (e.g. stomach, lungs, bladder, liver, esophagus). Therefore some nitrosamines, e.g. B. also NDELA, classified in the German Hazardous Substances Ordinance as carcinogenic. To avoid health hazards for the operators of metalworking machines, the formation of nitrosamines must therefore be avoided.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide amine-free cooling lubricants which, however, are not inferior to the previously usual amine-containing cooling lubricants in terms of the rust protection effect in terms of stability and duration of use and in their use properties.
  • amine-free cooling lubricants containing base oils, emulsifiers, solubilizers and corrosion protection additives, characterized in that a mixture of a) dimer fatty acids and b) one or more carboxylic acids selected from aliphatic carboxylic acids with 6 to 14 C as the corrosion protection additive -Atoms and aromatic monocarboxylic acids or the alkali metal, magnesium and / or calcium salts of the acids mentioned under a) and / or b) is contained.
  • dimer fatty acid and other carboxylic acids selected from aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids or their alkali metal, magnesium and / or calcium salts, is suitable for providing cooling lubricants which relate to the Corrosion protection effect compared to commercially available cooling lubricants based on alkanolamines have comparable corrosion protection effects.
  • ester oils e.g. B. trimethylolpropane esters, neopentyl or pentaerythritol esters, of fatty oil derivatives, polyisobutylenes, Hydrogenated polydecenes, polypropylene glycol, silicate esters, carbonic acid esters, esters of acids containing phosphorus, chain-like diphenyl ethers and phenoxyphenyl ethers are preferred.
  • the cooling lubricants according to the invention contain emulsifiers known per se in the prior art, in particular those selected from a) anionic emulsifiers, in particular soaps, sulfonates and phosphoric acid esters and their salts and b) nonionic emulsifiers, in particular fatty alcohol ethoxylates, fatty alcohol propoxylates and sugar nests.
  • emulsifiers known per se in the prior art, in particular those selected from a) anionic emulsifiers, in particular soaps, sulfonates and phosphoric acid esters and their salts and b) nonionic emulsifiers, in particular fatty alcohol ethoxylates, fatty alcohol propoxylates and sugar nests.
  • Cooling lubricants in the sense of the present invention contain, in addition to base oils, emulsifiers and the corrosion protection additives according to the invention, also solubilizers.
  • water can also be regarded as a solubilizer.
  • the solubilizers are selected from water, alcohols, glycols and glycol ethers. In a particularly preferred manner, the solubilizers are used in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight, in particular 2 to 10% by weight, based on the water-miscible cooling lubricant.
  • cooling lubricants contain, as an essential constituent, one or more carboxylic acids which are selected from aliphatic carboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids.
  • Particularly preferred aliphatic carboxylic acids are selected from adipic acid, caprylic acid, sebacic acid, 2,2,4-trimethylhexanoic acid and ethylhexanoic acid.
  • particularly preferred aromatic carboxylic acids are selected from benzoic acid, substituted benzoic acids and especially salicylic acid.
  • Possible substituents for benzoic acid can be a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, and straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkyloxy groups with up to 4 carbon atoms.
  • Short-chain carboxylic acids are known as components of water-soluble corrosion protection agents, e.g. B. from DE 32 23 940, but not as components of emulsions in the combination according to the invention with di-fatty acids, emulsifiers, base oils etc.
  • dimer fatty acids which can preferably be contained in an amount of 2 to 20% by weight, in particular 5 to 15% by weight, based on the water-miscible cooling lubricants.
  • dimer fatty acids are understood to mean mixtures of acyclic and cyclic dicarboxylic acids with an average of 36 carbon atoms obtained by alumina-catalyzed dimerization of unsaturated fatty acids (literature reference: Dimer Acids, EC Leonard, 1975, Humeo Sheffield).
  • By-products of the dimerization are branched C-18 fatty acids and trimer fatty acids or polyhasic fatty acids, which are often separated off by distillation.
  • dimer fatty acids can also be used which contain monomeric acid, trimer fatty acid and polymeric fatty acid as secondary constituents.
  • Z can be used well.
  • the structure of the dicarboxylic acids used according to the invention differs significantly from the dicarboxylic acids or dicarboxylic acid anhydrides mentioned in WO 90/15663, which are prepared by reacting olefins with unsaturated carboxylic acids or their anhydrides.
  • the water-miscible or water-mixed cooling lubricants according to the invention can contain further functional additives such as polar additives, EP additives, anti-fog additives, anti-aging agents, Solid lubricants, pigments, defoamers and / or biocides contain.
  • the aqueous emulsions or aqueous solutions of the cooling lubricants according to the invention preferably contain 1 to 10% by weight, in particular 2 to 5% by weight, of the water-miscible concentrate.
  • the pH value of the cooling lubricants is usually set in the range from about 7 to 10. An adjustment of the pH value range from 8 to 9.5 is particularly preferred. For the purposes of the present invention, it is also particularly preferred to adjust the alkaline pH using alkali metal hydroxide.
  • the use of magnesium or calcium hydroxide is less preferred, since it is possible that poorly soluble salts could be formed. Accordingly, the use of potassium and / or sodium hydroxide is particularly preferred for the purposes of the present invention.
  • Petroleum sulfonate (only in recipe example 1), dimer fatty acid, caprylic acid (only in recipe examples 1 and 2) and the fatty alcohol ethoxylates were then described in the above. Order added. The mixture was stirred for about 1 hour until a brown, clear solution was obtained.
  • Tables 1 and 2 below give examples of formulations of cooling lubricants according to the invention (Table 1) and not according to the invention (Table 2).
  • the mixture was mixed and stirred in the order given in Table 2 until a clear, homogeneous concentrate was formed.
  • Table 3 gives a comparison of the formulations according to the invention with the examples not according to the invention with regard to corrosion protection (test according to DIN 51360/2).
  • the corrosion protection effect of water-mixed cooling lubricants is tested by wetting castings on filter paper with the cooling lubricant. After two hours, the corrosion marks on the filter paper are evaluated according to a comparison scale, with degree of corrosion 0 meaning that no corrosion was observed.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Lubricants (AREA)

Description

A infreie KühlSchmierstoffe
Gegenstand der Erfindung sind aminfreie KühlSchmierstoffe für die Metallbearbeitung, enthaltend Grundöle, Emulgatoren, Lösungsver¬ mittler und Korrosionsschutzzusätze.
KühlSchmierstoffe sind Zubereitungen/Gemische, die bei der Metall- zerspanung und bei der MetallUmformung zum Kühlen und Schmieren der Werkstücke verwendet werden. Die wichtigsten Bearbeitungsverfahren, die sich durch die Art der Bewegungen, die das bearbeitete Teil und Werkzeug ausführen, und durch die Geometrie der herzustellenden Teile unterscheiden bezeichnet man als Fräsen, Drehen, Bohren und Schleifen als spangebende Bearbeitungen sowie Walzen, Tiefziehen und Kaltfließpressen als spanlose Verformungen.
Das gemeinsame Prinzip der spanabhebenden Metallbearbeitungsver¬ fahren ist, daß die Werkzeugschneide in das Material eingreift und dabei einen Span von der Oberfläche abhebt und eine neue Oberfläche entsteht. Für die Zerteilung des Materials sind sehr hohe Drücke erforderlich. Durch die Verformung des Spans und durch die auftre¬ tende Reibung unter dem Druck entsteht Wärme, die das Werkstück, das Werkzeug und vor allem die Späne aufheizt.
Die erwünschte Wirkung des Einsatzes von Kühlschmierstoffen ist daher die Senkung der Temperatur, die ansonsten in den Spänen z. B. bis auf 1000° C steigen könnte, und die bei den hergestellten Tei¬ len Einfluß auf die Maßhaltigkeit hat. Eine weitere Hauptaufgabe der Kühlschmierstoffe ist, die Standzeit der Werkzeuge zu verbessern, die unter dem Einfluß hoher Temperatur schnell ver¬ schleißen. Durch Verwendung eines Kühlschmierstoffes wird die Rauhigkeit der Oberflächen vermindert, da der Schmierstoff Ver¬ schweißungen von Werkzeug und Werkstückoberfläche verhindert und das Anhaften von Partikeln vermeidet. Darüber hinaus übernimmt der Kühlschmierstoff die Aufgabe, die gebildeten Späne abzutranspor¬ tieren. Dies hat besonders bei Massenproduktionen große Bedeutung.
KühlSchmierstoffe werden normalerweise im Umlaufverfahren einge¬ setzt, d. h. im einfachsten Fall, dem Einsatz von Kühlschmier¬ stoffen an einer Einzelmaschine, hat die Maschine einen Behälter für den Küh1Schmierstoff.
Mit der Neufassung der DIN 51385 Nr. 1 wurde eine eindeutige Be¬ nennung der Kühlschmierstoffe geschaffen, wobei von nichtwasser- mischbaren, wassermischbaren und von wassergemischten Kühlschmier¬ stoffen die Rede ist. Nach DIN 51385 wird unter den Begriffen "wassergemischt" der Endzustand des fertigen Mediums (meistens als Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsionen), unter "wassermischbar" jedoch der Zustand des Konzentrates verstanden.
Wassergemischte Kühlschmierstoffe werden beim Verwender hergestellt durch Mischen eines Konzentrates, des wassermischbaren Kühlschmier¬ stoffs, mit Betriebswasser. In der Regel werden ca. 5 %ige wäßrige Emulsionen hergestellt. Vorteil dieses KühlSchmierstofftyps ist die gute Kühlwirkung, die auf den thermischen Eigenschaften des Wassers beruht. Durch die gute Kühlwirkung ist es möglich, sehr hohe Ar¬ beitsgeschwindigkeiten zu erreichen und damit die Produktivität von Maschinen zu steigern. Die Schmierwirkung der wassergemischten Kühlschmierstoffe reicht für die meisten Bearbeitungsverfahren in der spangebenden Fertigung aus. Ein weiterer Vorteil sind die niedrigen Kosten, die durch die mögliche Mischung des Konzentrates mit Wasser erreicht werden. Nachteil von wassergemischten Kühl¬ schmierstoffen ist, daß sie gegen den Befall durch Mikroorganismen empfindlich sind und daher mehr Kontrolle und Pflege erfordern. Die Anwesenheit von Wasser kann zur Rostbildung führen und kann empfindliche Metalle angreifen. Wassergemischte Kühlschmierstoffe werden heute für fast alle Zerspanungsarten eingesetzt. Neben der Forderung nach Rostschutz für die Maschinen und für bearbeitete Teile aus Eisenlegierungen wird gefordert, daß auch Nichteisenme¬ talle nicht angegriffen werden. Die Kühlschmierstoffe müssen gut hautverträglich sein, da die Bediener der Maschinen häufig in di¬ rekten Kontakt mit der Flüssigkeit kommen. Es darf bei der Umwäl¬ zung des KühlSchmierstoffes kein störender Schaum entstehen, und der Anstrich und die Dichtungen der Maschine dürfen nicht ange¬ griffen werden. Besondere Bedeutung hat die Emulsionsstabilität, die Einfluß auf fast alle anderen Eigenschaften des Kühlschmier¬ stoffes hat, zumindest nach einer längeren Gebrauchszeit. Weiter wird gefordert, daß Rückstände vom Kühlschmierstoff auf der Maschine nicht kleben, daß sich die KühlSchmierstoffe leicht mit Wasser mischen lassen, daß Geruch und Aussehen angenehm sind und daß die üblichen Filtereinrichtungen durch den Kühlschmierstoff nicht beeinträchtigt werden.
Die Tabelle zeigt eine Zusammenfassung der Anforderungen für was¬ sermischbare und wassergemischte KühlSchmierstoffe:
- Kühl- und Schmierwirkung
- Rostschutz
- kein Angriff auf NE-Metalle
- toxikologische Unbedenklichkeit insbesondere Hautverträglichkeit
- keine Schaumbildung
- kein Angriff auf Lacke und Dichtungen
- Emulsionsstabilität - keine Verklebung oder Verharzung
- gute Mischbarkeit
- angenehmer Geruch
- sauberes Aussehen
- gute Filtrierbarkeit
- problemlose Entsorgung.
Die Anforderungen an die Rostschutzwirkung von KühlSchmierstoffen sind besonders hoch, da nach der Bearbeitung mit KühlSchmierstoffen im allgemeinen kein Trocknen möglich ist. Die Teile werden norma¬ lerweise naß in Kästen gelegt und dürften auch in nassem Zustand nicht rosten. Zur Prüfung der Rostschutzwirkung werden bei der Entwicklung und auch bei der Kontrolle von im praktischen Einsatz befindlichen Lösungen häufig der Test mit Gußspänen nach DIN 51360/2 verwendet.
Die Rostschutzwirkung der Kühlschmierstoffe wird beeinflußt von einer Reihe von Faktoren. So hat die Qualität des für die Mischung verwendeten Wassers einen großen Einfluß. Die Wasserhärte, vor al¬ len Dingen aber Chloride und Sulfate, verschlechtern die Rost¬ schutzwirkung der Lösung. Erschwerend kommt bei längerem Einsatz von Kühlschmierstoffen hinzu, daß die Konzentration der Salze ständig ansteigt, da Teile der Emulsion verdampfen und die Verluste mit salzhaltigem Wasser nachgefüllt werden.
Nichtwassermischbare und wassermischbare Kühlschmierstoffe, soweit sie im Anwendungszustand Emulsionen sind, sind häufig auf Mineralöl aufgebaut. Die verwendeten Mineralölqualitäten sind überwiegend Kombinationen von paraffinischen, naphthenischen und aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen. Neben den Mineralölen haben auch sog. synthetische Schmiermittel ("synthetische Öle") wie Polyolefine, Polyalkylenglykole und -glycolether, natürliche Esteröle sowie synthetische Ester und ihre Derivate Bedeutung.
Um die Anforderungen der Praxis erfüllen zu können, müssen die wassermischbaren Kühlschmierstoffe neben dem Grundöl verschiedene Komponenten enthalten. Die wichtigsten Substanzgruppen sind die Emulgatoren, Korrosionschutzzusätze, Biozide, EP-Zusätze, polare Zusätze, Antinebelzusätze, Alterungsschutzstoffe, Festschmierzu¬ sätze und Entschäumer.
Emulgatoren (z. B. Tenside, Petroleumsulfonate, Alkaliseifen, Al- kanolaminseifen) stabilisieren die feine Verteilung von Öltröpfchen in der wäßrigen Arbeitsflüssigkeit, die eine Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsion darstellt. Die Emulgatoren stellen mengenmäßig eine wichtige Gruppe an Zusatzstoffen bei den wassermischbaren Kühlschmierstoffen dar.
Übliche Korosionsschutzzusätze (z. B. Alkanolamine und ihre Salze, Sulfonate, organische Borverbindungen, Fettsäureamide, Aminodicar- bonsäuren, Phosphorsäureester, Thiophosphonsäureester, Dialkyldi- thiophosphate, Mono- und Dialkylarylsulfonate, Benzotriazole, Polyisobutenbernsteinsäurederivate) sollen das Rosten von Metall- oberflächen verhindern. Früher wurde als Korrosionsschutzmittel häufig Nitrit verwendet, das jedoch heute wegen der Toxizität und Umweltschädlichkeit, besonders auch wegen der Gefahr der Bildung carcinogener Nitrosamine verpönt ist. Einige Korrosionsschutzzu¬ sätze haben gleichzeitig emulgierende Eigenschaften und finden deshalb auch als Emulgator ihre Anwendung. Biozide (z. B. Phenol- Derivate, Formaldehydabkömmlinge, Kathon MW) sollen das Wachstum von Bakterien und Pilzen verhindern. EP-Zusätze (z. B. geschwefelte Fette und Öle, phosphorhaltige Verbindungen, chlororganische Ver¬ bindungen) sollen MikroverschweiBungen zwischen Metalloberflächen bei hohen Drücken und Temperaturen verhindern. Polare Zusätze (z. B. natürliche Fette und Öle, synthetische Ester) erhöhen die Schmierungseigenschaften. Alterungsschutzstoffe (z. B. organische Sulfide, Zinkdithiophosphate, aromatische Amine) gewährleisten eine lange Gebrauchsdauer der Kühlschmierstoffe.
Eine zentrale Stellung unter den Additiven nehmen die Alkanolamine und Alkanolaminderivate ein, die in einer großen Zahl von wasser¬ mischbaren Kühlschmierstoffen als Korrosionsschutzzusätze verwendet werden. Außerdem garantieren sie in Verbindung mit Carbonsäuren durch ihre gute Pufferkapazität eine gewisse pH-Wert-Konstanz der wäßrigen Gebrauchsemulsionen. Der pH-Wert Konstanz kommt hinsicht¬ lich der Emulsionsstabilität und des Rostschutzes eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Umsetzungsprodukte von Alkanolaminen mit Borsäure wirken wachstumshemmend auf Bakterien und Schimmelpilze und ver¬ bessern deshalb die Gebrauchsdauer von Kühlschmierstoffen.
Ein Nachteil der Alkanolamine und Alkanolaminderivate ist, daß sie während des Praxiseinsatzes mit nitrosierenden Substanzen, z. B. bakteriell gebildetem Nitrit oder Stickoxiden in der Luft, reagie¬ ren können und dabei in Nitrosamine umgewandelt werden. Z. B. kann in wassergemischten Kühlschmierstoffen, die Ethanolamine enthalten, Nitrosodiethanolamin (NDELA) gebildet werden.
Nitrosamine können nach Tierversuchen Krebs an verschiedenen Or¬ ganen (z. B. Magen, Lunge, Blase, Leber, Speiseröhre) auslösen. Deshalb sind einige Nitrosamine, z. B. auch NDELA, in der deutschen Gefahrstoffverordnung als krebserzeugend eingestuft. Zur Vermeidung von gesundheitlichen Gefahren für die Bediener von Metallbearbei¬ tungsmaschinen muß deshalb die Bildung von Nitrosaminen vermieden werden. Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht in der Bereitstel¬ lung von aminfreien KühlSchmierstoffen, die jedoch in Bezug auf die Rostschutzwirkung in der Stabilität und Verwendungsdauer sowie an¬ deren Gebrauchseigenschaften den bisher üblichen aminhaltigen KühlSchmierstoffen nicht nachstehen.
Die vorstehend genannte Aufgabe wird gelöst durch aminfreie Kühl¬ schmierstoffe enthaltend Grundöle, Emulgatoren, Lösevermittler und Korrosionsschutzzusätze, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Korro¬ sionsschutzzusatz ein Gemisch aus a) Dimerfettsäuren und b) einer oder mehreren Carbonsäuren ausgewählt aus aliphatischen Carbonsäuren mit 6 bis 14 C-Atomen und aromatischen Monocarbonsäuren oder den Alkalimetall-, Magnesium- und/oder Calciumsalzen der unter a) und/oder b) genannten Säuren enthalten ist.
Überraschenderweise wurde gefunden, daß die Kombination aus Dimer- fettsäure und weiteren Carbonsäuren, ausgewählt aus aliphatischen und aromatischen Carbonsäuren bzw. deren Alkalimetall-, Magnesium- und/oder Calciumsalze, geeignet ist, Kühlschmierstoffe zur Verfü¬ gung zu stellen, die in Bezug auf die Korrosionsschutzwirkung ge¬ genüber handelsüblichen Kühlschmierstoffen auf der Basis von Alkanolaminen vergleichbare Korrosionsschutzwirkungen aufweisen.
Die Auswahl der erfindungsgemäß enthaltenden Grundöle in den Kühl¬ schmierstoffen ist praktisch nicht begrenzt. So enthalten Emul¬ sionen im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung häufig Komponenten, die ausgewählt sind aus paraffinischen, naphthenischen und paraffi- nisch-naphthenischen Mineralölen. In gleicher Weise ist der Einsatz von Esterölen, z. B. Trimethylolpropanestern, Neopentyl- oder Pentaerythritestern, von Fettöl-Derivaten, Polyisobutylenen, hydrierten Polydecenen, Polypropylenglykol, Silicatestern, Kohlen¬ säureestern, Estern von Phosphor enthaltenden Säuren, kettenartigen Diphenylethern und Phenoxyphenylethern bevorzugt.
Die erfindungsgemäßen KühlSchmierstoffe enthalten an sich im Stand der Technik bekannte Emulgatoren, insbesondere solche, die ausge¬ wählt sind aus a) anionischen Emulgatoren, insbesondere Seifen, Sulfonaten und Phosphorsäureestern und deren Salze und b) nicht¬ ionischen Emulgatoren, insbesondere Fettalkoholethoxylaten, Fett¬ alkoholpropoxylaten und Zuckerestern.
Kühlschmierstoffe im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung enthalten neben Grundölen, Emulgatoren und den erfindungsgemäßen Korrosions¬ schutzzusätzen auch Lösevermittler. Im Sinne der vorliegenden Er¬ findung ist auch Wasser als Lösevermittler anzusehen. Dement¬ sprechend sind in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegen¬ den Erfindung die Lösevermittler ausgewählt aus Wasser, Alkoholen, Glykolen und Glykolethern. In besonders bevorzugter Weise werden die Lösevermittler in einer Menge von 1 bis 30 Gew.%, insbesondere 2 bis 10 Gew.%, bezogen auf den wassermischbaren Kühlschmierstoff eingesetzt.
Kühlschmierstoffe im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung enthalten als essentiellen Bestandteil eine oder mehrere Carbonsäuren, die aus¬ gewählt sind aus aliphatischen Carbonsäuren und aromatischen Carbonsäuren. Besonders bevorzugte aliphatische Carbonsäuren sind ausgewählt aus Adipinsäure, Caprylsäure, Sebacinsäure, 2,2,4- Trimethylhexansäure und Ethylhexansäure. In gleicher Weise sind besonders bevorzugte aromatische Carbonsäuren ausgewählt aus Ben- zoesäure, substituierten Benzoesäuren und besonders Salicylsäure. Mögliche Substituenten der Benzoesäure können sein eine Hydroxy- gruppe, eine Nitrogruppe, sowie geradkettige oder verzweigte Alkyl- oder Alkyloxygruppen mit bis zu 4 C-Atomen. Kurzkettige Carbon¬ säuren sind als Komponenten von wasserlöslichen Korrosionsschutz¬ mitteln bekannt, z. B. aus DE 32 23 940, nicht jedoch als Kompo¬ nenten von Emulsionen in der erfindungsgemäßen Kombination mit Di erfettsäuren, Emulgatoren, Grundölen usw.
Weiterer wesentlicher Bestandteil der erf ndungsgemäßen Kühl- sch ierstoffe sind Dimerfettsäuren, die bevorzugterweise in einer Menge von 2 bis 20 Gew.%, insbesondere 5 bis 15 Gew.%, bezogen auf die wassermischbaren KühlSchmierstoffe enthalten sein können. Üblicherweise versteht man unter Dimerfettsäuren durch Tonerde¬ katalysierte Dimerisierung ungesättigter Fettsäuren gewonnene Gemische aus acyclischen und cyclischen Dicarbonsäuren mit durch¬ schnittlich 36 C-Atomen (Literaturhinweis: Dimer Acids, E.C. Leonard, 1975, Humeo Sheffield). Nebenprodukte der Dimerisierung sind verzweigte C-18-Fettsäuren und Trimerfettsäuren bzw. poly- hasische Fettsäuren, die häufig destillativ abgetrennt werden. Im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung sind jedoch auch Dimerfettsäuren einsetzbar, die als Nebenbestandteile Monomersäure, Trimerfettsäure und polymere Fettsäure enthalten. Gut einsetzbar sind z. B. EmpolR 1022, Fa. Emery, USA oder PripolR 1040 bzw. PripolR 1013 von Fa. Unichema, Emmerich.
Die erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Dicarbonsäuren unterscheiden sich in der Struktur wesentlich von den in WO 90/15663 genannten Di¬ carbonsäuren bzw. Dicarbonsäureanhydriden, die durch Reaktion von Olefinen mit ungesättigten Carbonsäuren bzw. deren Anhydriden her¬ gestellt werden.
Die erfindungsgemäßen wassermischbaren bzw. wassergemischten Kühl¬ schmierstoffe können weitere funktionelle Zusatzstoffe wie polare Zusätze, EP-Zusätze, Anti-Nebel-Zusätze, Alterungsschutzstoffe, Festschmierstoffe, Pigmente, Entschäumer und/oder Biozide enthal¬ ten. Zur Anwendung bei der Metallbearbeitung enthalten die wäßrigen Emulsionen oder wäßrigen Lösungen der erfindungsgemäßen Kühl¬ schmierstoffe vorzugsweise 1 bis 10 Gew.%, insbesondere 2 bis 5 Gew.% des wassermischbaren Konzentrates.
Üblicherweise wird der pH-Wert der KühlSchmierstoffe im Bereich von etwa 7 bis 10 eingestellt. Besonders bevorzugt ist eine Einstellung des pH-Wertbereiches von 8 bis 9,5. Im Sinne der vorliegenden Er¬ findung ist es darüber hinaus besonders bevorzugt, den alkalischen pH-Wert mittels Alkalimetallhydroxid einzustellen. Die Verwendung von Magnesium oder Calciumhydroxid ist weniger bevorzugt, da mög¬ licherweise schwerlösliche Salze gebildet werden könnten. Dement¬ sprechend ist der Einsatz von Kalium- und/oder Natriumhydroxid im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung besonders bevorzugt.
Beispiele
1/3 der benötigten Menge Mineralöl, Lösungsvermittler und Tallöl- fettsäure wurden im Reaktor vorgelegt und gerührt. Anschließend wurde die aromatische Carbonsäure (nur in den Beispielen 1 und 3) zugegeben und ca. 15 Minuten nachgerührt.
Unter ständigem Rühren wurde die wäßrige Kaliumhydroxidlösung in¬ nerhalb von 30 Minuten vorsichtig zudosiert (exotherme Reaktion). Die Temperatur der Lösung wurde zwischen 50 - 70° C gehalten. Der Ansatz wurde 1 Stunde kräftig gerührt, bis eine klare braune Lösung vorlag. Danach wurde die restliche Menge (2/3) Mineralöl zugegeben.
Die restlichen Komponenten:
Petrolsulfonat (nur im Rezepturbeispiel 1), Dimerfettsäure, Capryl- säure (nur in den Rezepturbeispielen 1 und 2) und die Fettalkohol- ethoxylate wurden danach in o. g. Reihenfolge zudosiert. Es wurde ca. 1 Stunde nachgerührt, bis eine braune klare Lösung vorlag.
Die nachfolgenden Tabellen 1 und 2 geben erfindungsgemäße (Tabelle 1) und nicht erfindungsgemäße (Tabelle 2) Rezepturbeispiele von Kühlschmierstoffen wieder.
Tabel le 1
Beispiel 1 Beispiel 2 Beispiel 3
Mineralöl (naphtheni- 33,3 % 44,0 % 35,5 % sches Solventraffinat)
Lösungsvermittler 11,7 % 5,2 % 10,0 % (Glykolbasis)
langkettige Fettsäure 12,5 % 9,0 % 14,0 % (Tallölfettsäure)
Petrolsulfonat 4,2 %
kurzkettige Fettsäure 4,2 % 4,0 % (Caprylsäure)
Fettalkoholethoxylate 7,2 % 15,5 % 9,2 % (Oleylalkohol + 5 E0)
Di erfettsäure 8,3 % 13,2 % 16,0 %
(EmpolR 1022)
aromatische Carbonsäure 4,2 %* - 4,3 %**
(Salicylsäure*, Benzoe- säure**)
wäßrige Kaliumhydroxid- 14,4 % 9,1 % 11,0 % lösung (45 Gew.%)
100,0 % 100,0 % 100,0 % Tabel le 2
Vergleichs- Vergleichs¬ beispiel 1 beispiel 2
Mineralöl (naphthenisches 40,0 % 60,0 % Solventraffinat)
Lösungsvermittler (Glykolbasis) 3,0 % 5,0 %
langkettige Fettsäure (Tallölfettsäure) 6,0 % 12,5 %
Petrolsulfonat - 4,0 %
kurzkettige Fettsäure
(Capryl* - oder Isononansäure) - 3,0 %
Fettalkoholethoxylat (01eylalkohol+5 E0) 8,0 %
Fettsäureester (Ethylhexyloleat) - 4,5 %
Fettsäureamid 7,0 % 6,0 % (Tallölfettsäurediethanolamid)
Herstellung von Verqleichsbeispiel 1
Kondenswasser und Diethanolamin wurde vorgelegt und Borsäure unter Rühren eingelöst. Danach wurde das Mineralöl und alle weiteren Komponenten in der durch die Tabelle 2 vorgegebenen Reihenfolge zugegeben und gerührt, bis ein klares homogenes Konzentrat ent¬ stand.
Herstellung von Verqleichsbeispiel 2
In der durch die Tabelle 2 vorgegebenen Reihenfolge wurde gemischt und gerührt, bis ein klares homogenes Konzentrat entstand.
Die nachfolgende Tabelle 3 gibt einen Vergleich der erfindungs¬ gemäßen Formulierungen mit den nicht erfindungsgemäßen Beispielen hinsichtlich Korrosionsschutzwirkung (Test nach DIN 51360/2) wie¬ der.
Tabelle 3
Beispiel 1 2 3 Vgl.l Vgl.2
Aussehen fein fein grob fein grob Beschaffenheit dispers, dispers dispers dispers, dispers, der 5 %igen fest halb- milchig halb-trans- milchig
Nach DIN 51360/2 wird die Korrosionsschutzwirkung von wasser¬ gemischten KühlSchmierstoffen geprüft, indem Gußspäne auf Filter¬ papier mit dem Kühlschmierstoff benetzt werden. Nach zwei Stunden werden die Korrosionsabzeichnungen auf dem Filterpapier bewertet entsprechend einer Vergleichsskala, wobei Korrosionsgrad 0 bedeu¬ tet, daß keine Korrosion beobachtet wurde.
Zu den Beispielen wurde die Mindestkonzentration angegeben, die erforderlich ist, um Korrosionsgrad 0 zu erreichen.

Claims

P A T E N T A N S P R Ü C H E
1. Aminfreie Kühlschmierstoffe, enthaltend Grundöl, Emulgatoren und Lösevermittler, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Korrosions¬ schutzzusatz ein Gemisch aus a) Dimerfettsäuren und b) einer oder mehreren Carbonsäuren ausgewählt aus aliphathi- schen Carbonsäuren mit 6 bis 14 C-Atomen und aromatischen Monocarbonsäuren oder den Alkalimetall-, Magnesium- und/oder Calciumsalzen der unter a) und/oder b) genannten Säuren enthalten ist.
2. Kühlschmierstoffe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Grundöl ausgewählt ist aus paraffinischen, naphthenischen oder paraffinisch-naphthenischen Mineralölen, Esterölen, z. B. Trimethylolpropanestern, Neopentyl- oder Pentaerythritester, aus Fettöl-Derivaten, Polyisobutylenen, hydrierten Polydecenen, Polypropylenglykol , Silikatestern, Kohlensäureestern, Estern Phospor enthaltender Säuren, kettenartigen Diphenylethern und Phenoxyphenylethern.
3. Kühlschmierstoffe nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, daß die Emulgatoren ausgewählt sind aus a) anionischen Emulgatoren, insbesondere Seifen, Sulfonaten, Phosphorsäureestern und deren Salzen und b) nichtionischen Emulgatoren, insbesondere Fettalkoholethoxy- laten, Fettalkoholpropoxylaten und Zuckerestern.
4. Kühlschmierstoffe nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Lösevermittler ausgewählt sind aus Wasser, Alkoholen, Glykolen und/oder Glykolethern.
5. Kühlschmierstoffe nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mengen an Lösevermittler 1 bis 30 Gew. %, insbesondere 2 bis 10 Gew. % bezogen auf den wassermischbaren KühlSchmierstoff betragen.
6. Kühlschmierstoffe nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis
5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Menge an Dimerfettsäuren 2 bis 20 Gew. %, insbesondere 5 bis 15 Gew. %, bezogen auf die wassermischbaren Kühlschmierstoffe beträgt.
7. Kühlschmierstoffe nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis
6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die aliphatischen Carbonsäuren ausgewählt sind aus Adipinsäure, Caprylsäure, Sebacinsäure, 2,2,4-Trimethylhexansäure und Ethylhexansäure.
8. Kühlschmierstoffe nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die aromatischen Carbonsäuren ausgewählt sind aus Benzoesäure, substituierten Benzoesäuren, wobei die Substituenten sein können eine Hydroxygruppe, eine Nitrogruppe oder geradkettige oder verzweigte Alkyl- oder Alkyloxygruppen, und insbesondere Salicylsäure.
9. Kühlschmierstoffe nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Menge an aliphatischen und/oder aromatischen Carbonsäuren 1 bis 20 Gew. %, insbeson¬ dere 3 bis 10 Gew. %, bezogen auf den Kühlschmierstoff betra¬ gen.
10. Kühlschmierstoffe nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, enthaltend weiterhin polare Zusätze, EP-Zusätze, Antinebel- zusätze, Alterungsschutzstoffe, Festschmierstoffe, Pigmente, Entschäumer und/oder Biozide.
11. Wassermischbare Kühlschmierstoffe nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 10.
12. Wassergemischte Kühlschmierstoffe nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 10.
13. Verwendung der Kühlschmierstoffe nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 12 in Form wäßriger Lösungen oder Emulsionen, enthaltend 1 bis 10 Gew. %, insbesondere 2 bis 5 Gew. % der Kühlschmierstoffe.
EP93919222A 1992-09-07 1993-08-30 Aminfreie kühlschmierstoffe Expired - Lifetime EP0658182B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4229848 1992-09-07
DE4229848A DE4229848A1 (de) 1992-09-07 1992-09-07 Aminfreie Kühlschmierstoffe
PCT/EP1993/002344 WO1994005746A1 (de) 1992-09-07 1993-08-30 Aminfreie kühlschmierstoffe

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0658182A1 true EP0658182A1 (de) 1995-06-21
EP0658182B1 EP0658182B1 (de) 1996-07-03

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JP (1) JPH08501119A (de)
AT (1) ATE140023T1 (de)
DE (2) DE4229848A1 (de)
ES (1) ES2088683T3 (de)
WO (1) WO1994005746A1 (de)

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DE4444878A1 (de) * 1994-12-16 1996-06-20 Henkel Kgaa Stickstofffreie Korrosionsinhibitoren mit guter Pufferwirkung
DE19539854A1 (de) * 1995-10-26 1997-04-30 Henkel Kgaa Öllösliche stickstofffreie Korrosionsinhibitoren mit guter Pufferwirkung
JP3935230B2 (ja) * 1996-08-29 2007-06-20 日本パーカライジング株式会社 金属材料の冷間塑性加工用水系潤滑剤
US6318139B1 (en) 1996-08-29 2001-11-20 Henkel Corporation Waterborne lubricant for the cold plastic working of metals
DE19833894A1 (de) 1998-07-28 2000-02-03 Fuchs Dea Schmierstoffe Gmbh & Wassermischbares Kühlschmierstoff-Konzentrat
EP1035192A1 (de) * 1999-01-26 2000-09-13 Stefan Graichen Additiv für einen Kühlschmierstoff
PT1652909E (pt) † 2004-10-19 2008-06-09 Helmut Theunissen Agente inibidor de corrosão para fluidos funcionais, concentrado miscível com água e sua utilização
CN114133917A (zh) * 2020-09-04 2022-03-04 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种具有可生物降解性的导热油组合物及其制备方法

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FR781570A (fr) * 1934-03-26 1935-05-18 Bataafsche Petroleum Procédé pour la préparation de lubrifiants
NL7411032A (nl) * 1974-08-16 1976-02-18 Beverolfabrieken Werkwijze ter bereiding van een watervrij dieptrekmiddel.
GB8713549D0 (en) * 1987-06-10 1987-07-15 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Corrosion inhibiting composition
US4946616A (en) * 1988-11-14 1990-08-07 The Dow Chemical Company Heat transfer fluids containing dicarboxylic acid mixtures as corrosion inhibitors
US4927550A (en) * 1989-01-27 1990-05-22 Castrol Industrial Inc. Corrosion preventive composition

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Title
See references of WO9405746A1 *

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DE59303152D1 (de) 1996-08-08
EP0658182B1 (de) 1996-07-03
ATE140023T1 (de) 1996-07-15
JPH08501119A (ja) 1996-02-06
WO1994005746A1 (de) 1994-03-17
DE4229848A1 (de) 1994-03-10
ES2088683T3 (es) 1996-08-16

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